Relevant Objects Research Articles

Translation, a measure of force of attraction? States, international organizations and the consecrating power of translation

ABSTRACT Based on the premise that both translations and collective bodies have historically been used to build collective identities, shape their images, and defend their interests, this article examines several projects constituting the translation policy of the Intellectual Cooperation Organization (1925–1945) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (1945–) from a soft-power perspective. In the first section, I identify several contemporary trends in translation studies that share an interest in the state, though I also delve into parallel critiques against methodological nationalism. The second section addresses states and international organizations as agents of translation that maximize the potential of translation as a soft-power resource. The third and the fourth section examine two specific translation projects as soft-power resources from the perspective of the producing end. The fifth section examines the way the press of the time covered said projects and discusses their reception in different social spaces. This case study is used as a heuristic tool to discuss states as relevant objects of study in translation studies, the multiple receptions of translations, and the consecrating power of translation.

Qualitatively Analyzing Optimization Objectives in the Design of HPC Resource Manager

A correct evaluation of scheduling algorithms and a good understanding of their optimization criteria are key components of resource management in HPC. In this work, we discuss bias and limitations of the most frequent optimization metrics from the literature. We provide elements on how to evaluate performance when studying HPC batch scheduling. We experimentally demonstrate these limitations by focusing on two use-cases: a study on the impact of runtime estimates on scheduling performance, and the reproduction of a recent high-impact work that designed an HPC batch scheduler based on a network trained with reinforcement learning. We demonstrate that focusing on quantitative optimization criterion (“our work improves the literature by X%”) may hide extremely important caveat, to the point that the results obtained are opposed to the actual goals of the authors. Key findings show that mean bounded slowdown and mean response time are hazardous for a purely quantitative analysis in the context of HPC. Despite some limitations, utilization appears to be a good objective. We propose to complement it with the standard deviation of the throughput in some pathological cases. Finally, we argue for a larger use of area-weighted response time, that we find to be a very relevant objective.

Scheduling a single machine with multiple due dates per job

AbstractIn this paper, we consider single-machine scheduling with multiple due dates per job. This is motivated by several industrial applications, where it is not important by how much we miss a due date. Instead the relevant objective is to minimize the number of missed due dates. Typically, this situation emerges whenever fixed delivery appointments are chosen in advance, such as in the production of individualized pharmaceuticals or when customers can only receive goods at certain days in the week, due to constraints in their warehouse operation. We compare this previously unexplored problem with classical due date scheduling, for which it is a generalization. We show that single-machine scheduling with multiple due dates is NP-hard in the strong sense if processing times are job dependent. If processing times are equal for all jobs, then single-machine scheduling with multiple due dates is at least as hard as the long-standing open problem of weighted tardiness with equal processing times and release dates $$1 \mid r_j, p_j = p \mid \sum w_j T_j$$ 1 ∣ r j , p j = p ∣ ∑ w j T j . Finally, we focus on the case of equal processing times and provide several polynomially solvable special cases as well as an exact branch-and-bound algorithm and heuristics for the general case. Experiments show that our branch-and-bound algorithm compares well to modern exact methods to solve problem $$1 \mid r_j, p_j = p \mid \sum w_{j} T_{j}$$ 1 ∣ r j , p j = p ∣ ∑ w j T j .

Analysis of Female Employment Rates in Türkiye with Duration Variable Spatial Logit and Duration Variable Spatial Probit Models

Female employment holds significant importance in achieving sustainable economic growth. In this regard, initiatives aimed at increasing female employment are among the fundamental goals of countries. Studies on female employment are expected to assist in developing strategies and policies that guide countries in reaching their relevant objectives. This study aims to investigate the spatial interactions and determinants of female employment rates in Level-2 regions in Türkiye during the 2018-2020 period using duration variable spatial logit and duration variable spatial probit models. The analysis revealed findings indicating a positive impact on education levels and a negative impact of the Gini coefficient and the duration variable on female employment rates. The findings related to the duration variable suggest a decreasing likelihood of female employment rates being above the median value during the 2018-2020 period.

Synthetic Microwave Focusing Techniques for Medical Imaging: Fundamentals, Limitations, and Challenges.

Synthetic microwave focusing methods have been widely adopted in qualitative medical imaging to detect and localize anomalies based on their electromagnetic scattering signatures. This paper discusses the principles, challenges, and limitations of synthetic microwave-focusing techniques in medical applications. It is shown that the various focusing techniques, including time reversal, confocal imaging, and delay-and-sum, are all based on the scalar solution of the electromagnetic scattering problem, assuming the imaged object, i.e., the tissue or object, is linear, reciprocal, and time-invariant. They all aim to generate a qualitative image, revealing any strong scatterer within the imaged domain. The differences among these techniques lie only in the assumptions made to derive the solution and create an image of the relevant tissue or object. To get a fast solution using limited computational resources, those methods assume the tissue is homogeneous and non-dispersive, and thus, a simplified far-field Green's function is used. Some focusing methods compensate for dispersive effects and attenuation in lossy tissues. Other approaches replace the simplified Green's function with more representative functions. While these focusing techniques offer benefits like speed and low computational requirements, they face significant ongoing challenges in real-life applications due to their oversimplified linear solutions to the complex problem of non-linear medical microwave imaging. This paper discusses these challenges and potential solutions.

Epimorphic regeneration of mammalian digit tip

The article presents lecture materials on regeneration mechanisms from the textbook “Lectures on Regenerative Medicine”. An example of epimorphic regeneration in mammals is considered — the cellular mechanisms of tissue restoration of the fingertip after amputation. This model is a relevant object of research, since it allows us to study the mechanisms of both the formation of a specialized temporary structure of the blastema and subsequent morphogenesis, which ends with the full restoration of all amputated tissues.

Orbits of Binary Stars: from Visual Measures to Speckle Interferometry

Knowledge of the orbits of visual binary stars has always been one of the fundamentals of astronomy. Based historically on the visual measures, nowadays the orbits rely more (or exclusively) on the accurate speckle data. This prompts reconsideration of the methods of orbit calculation, undertaken here and illustrated by 20 examples, from accurate to drastically revised and tentative orbits. Good understanding and critical assessment of the input data is a key requirement, especially concerning visual measures. Combination of visual and speckle data is still needed for long-period binaries, but the relative weights must match their respective errors. When the orbit can be fully constrained only by accurate speckle data, the old measures should be ignored. Orbits can be classified into three grades: (A) fully constrained, (B) semiconstrained, and (C) preliminary or tentative. Typical use cases of visual orbits are listed. Accurate parallaxes from Gaia, together with the orbits, will greatly expand the data on stellar masses. Continued speckle monitoring will be an essential complement to Gaia, but the vast amount of new pairs will restrict future work on orbits to the most interesting or relevant objects.

Peculiarities of Organising Events under Martial Law Conditions

The aim of the article is to analyse the social purpose and to ground peculiarities of organising events under martial law conditions. Results. To achieve the goal of the scientific research, the comparative and systematic methods are used. They allowed to identify and substantiate the specifics of organising events in Ukraine after the Russian full-scale invasion, as well as to outline main directions of functioning and prospects for the development of events in the post-war time. The events are viewed as a symbolic capital of culture, its social marker, a universal means of realising the culture creating potential of the public, which stimulates the study of organisational features of events under martial law conditions. The article traces the relationship between social tendencies and event formats during the Russian aggression; specifies the problems that accompany the process of organising events since the beginning of the full-scale invasion; grounds their content and thematic direction; outlines the directions of functioning of events in the post-war time. Scientific novelty. It is proved that events held in Ukraine during the martial law go through a few stages of functioning: the stage of stagnation and re-profiling, which is inherent to event agencies in the first months of the war; the stage of a peculiar revival, which begins in the summer of 2022 and lasts until the end of 2023; the stage of adaptation and recovery, which begins in early 2024 and continues to nowadays. These periods differ in terms of event formats, target audience, and functional focus. Conclusions. It is proved that the specifics of event organisation under martial law conditions are relevant goals and objectives of a certain event; theming and structure of the event, innovative approaches to the format of the event and the way of its implementation. Such a vision is substantiated that in the post-war years the Ukrainian event industry will be characterised by a symbiosis of international, Ukrainian and local tendencies in the development of the event industry with an emphasis on the cultural ecosystem and public activity

The temporal dynamics of visual attention.

Researchers have long debated how humans select relevant objects amid physically salient distractions. An increasingly popular view holds that the key to avoiding distractions lies in suppressing the attentional priority of a salient distractor. However, the precise mechanisms of distractor suppression remain elusive. Because the computation of attentional priority is a time-dependent process, distractor suppression must be understood within these temporal dynamics. In four experiments, we tracked the temporal dynamics of visual attention using a novel forced-response method, by which participants were required to express their latent attentional priority at varying processing times via saccades. We show that attention could be biased either toward or away from a salient distractor depending on the timing of observation, with these temporal dynamics varying substantially across experiments. These dynamics were explained by a computational model assuming the distractor and target priority signals arrive asynchronously in time and with different influences on saccadic behavior. The model suggests that distractor signal suppression can be achieved via a "slow" mechanism in which the distractor priority signal dictates saccadic behavior until a late-arriving priority signal overrides it, or a "fast" mechanism which directly suppresses the distractor priority signal's behavioral expression. The two mechanisms are temporally dissociable and can work collaboratively, resulting in time-dependent patterns of attentional allocation. The current work underscores the importance of considering the temporal dynamics of visual attention and provides a computational architecture for understanding the mechanisms of distractor suppression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Women's mental health and COVID-19: increased vulnerability and inequalities.

The impact of COVID-19 on mental health has become a relevant object of research. Studies have demonstrated that women have experienced greater mental health challenges, highlighting the importance of public health systems to address women's specific needs. This literature review explores the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on psychological distress among women, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject and to explore how these research findings can guide public mental health care responses in crisis settings. A total of 131 studies were analyzed and four dimensions were discussed: study characteristics, factors impacting women's mental health in the pandemic setting, particularities of pregnancy and the postpartum period, and proposed interventions. Most studies exclusively addressed populations of adult women, predominantly during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Anxiety, depression, and stress were the most common outcomes. Lower education and income, preexisting mental health problems, and living alone or with children were risk factors for higher levels of anxiety and depression. A comprehensive care approach supported by public health policies and focused on intersectional factors, including race, socioeconomic status, and access to resources, is necessary to improve women's mental health care response in future crises.

Обеспечение антитеррористической защищенности как мера противодействия терроризму

This article discusses the topic of ensuring anti-terrorism security as a measure to counter terrorism. Var-ious types of security are traditionally the subject of research in political science and public law sciences. The article examines the social relations that arise in the sphere of ensuring the national security of Russia. The purpose of the work was to establish the specifics of the impact of private legal means in ensuring security. Citizens and organizations, with their own efforts and means, ensure the protection of objects of civil rights – life, health, property. This activity differs from the implementation of the functions of law enforcement agencies not only by the impossibility of using coercive (public law) measures of influence, but also by more “narrow” objects of protection. A way for non-governmental organizations and individuals to participate in ensuring national security in general and anti-terrorism protection in particular is the use of private legal means to protect the relevant objects of civil rights. However, the means provided for by law have not been properly researched and have significant shortcomings in legal regulation. The author's new view on the problems of ensuring national security can provide the basis for conducting other private law and complex studies.

Forensic classification of crimes and misdemeanours related to unlawful encroachments on the assets of business entities

The article substantiates the thesis that criminal offences aimed at unlawful alienation of tangible and intangible assets of a business entity or otherwise related thereto are quite numerous and are enshrined in various sections of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It is noted that this makes it difficult for the prosecution to recognise these criminal offences during the pre-trial investigation. It is determined that the cognitive activity of an investigator is impossible without a systematic analysis of individual objects and subjects which may be of investigative interest, and therefore, it necessitates the division of the relevant objects into groups. The analogy is drawn and it is determined that such approaches are implemented both in practical law enforcement activities and in scientific activities, in particular, in terms of identifying and developing tested recommendations for investigating criminal offences. It is emphasized that it is the forensic classification of criminal offences which is the method of forensic cognition of crimes and criminal offences which aims at solving a number of other tasks and is therefore necessary to be applied. Based on the results of the scientific research, the study develops a forensic classification of criminal offences related to misappropriation of assets of business entities. It is based on the following classification criteria: 1) peculiarities of the direct object of the encroachment; 2) subject matter of the criminal encroachment; 3) type of economic activity which was subject to criminal influence; 4) nature and form of external expression of traces of criminal activity; 5) nature of the criminal result obtained; 6) peculiarities of the subject composition involved in the implementation of the criminal intent; 7) nature of the actions committed by the raiders. Prospects for future research are identified.

Augmented Reality Interface for Adverse-Visibility Conditions Validated by First Responders in Rescue Training Scenarios

Updating the equipment of the first responder (FR) by providing them with new capabilities and useful information will inevitably lead to better mission success rates and, therefore, more lives saved. This paper describes the design and implementation of a modular interface for augmented reality displays integrated into standard FR equipment that will provide support during the adverse-visibility situations that the rescuers find during their missions. This interface includes assistance based on the machine learning module denoted as Robust Vision Module, which detects relevant objects in a rescue scenario, particularly victims, using the feed from a thermal camera. This feed can be displayed directly alongside the detected objects, helping FRs to avoid missing anything during their operations. Additionally, the information exposition in the interface is organized according to the biometrical parameters of FRs during the operations. The main novelty of the project is its orientation towards useful solutions for FRs focusing on something occasionally ignored during research projects: the point of view of the final user. The functionalities have been designed after multiple iterations between researchers and FRs, involving testing and evaluation through realistic situations in training scenarios. Thanks to this feedback, the overall satisfaction according to the evaluations of 18 FRs is 3.84 out of 5 for the Robust Vision Module and 3.99 out of 5 for the complete AR interface. These functionalities and the different display modes available for the FRs to adapt to each situation are detailed in this paper.

Some critical thinking on the integrative assessment of ecosystem service supply and demand relationships.

In the past decade, research on the relationships between the supply and demand of ecosystem services has been flourishing. To address issues such as the misuse of supply and demand concepts, methods, and results in current research, we proposed five key aspects that need to be considered to enhance the scientific rigor and practical value in assessing relationships between ecosystem service supply and demand. Firstly, it is essential to clarify the distinctions and connections between the concepts related to ecosystem service supply and demand, which are crucial prerequisites and starting points for assessing their relationships. Secondly, it is necessary to integrate relevant environmental standards or policy objectives to develop reliable methods for assessing the demand for ecosystem regulating services. Furthermore, it is important to properly address the modifiable areal unit problem by determining the most appropriate spatial scale and unit for evaluating relationships between ecosystem service supply and demand. Additionally, it is crucial to differentiate between quantitative and qualitative methods for characterizing (im)balances or (mis)matches between ecosystem service supply and demand, particularly avoiding the use of qualitative methods to represent quantitative relationships between supply and demand. Lastly, it is imperative to integrate ecosystem service flows into the assessment of supply and demand relationships, and evaluate the dynamic supply and demand relationships of regional ecosystem services from a coupled "supply-flow-demand" perspective.

Managing uncertainty in product and process design for the circular factory

Abstract In the circular factory, uncertain attributes of object instances and process steps are found at diverse occasions. Even if uncertainty can also be found to some extent in linear production, the high variation of product attributes of used objects causes the process steps in the circular factory to generate a much higher variability of the properties of the objects handled in circular processes. In consequence, a methodology is needed to model, handle and manage uncertainties at all relevant situations within the circular factory. In contrast to linear production, the uncertainty of attributes cannot be extended to an object class (with the same production history), but must be assigned to each object instance (with its own history) individually. In this contribution, the basic concepts for managing uncertainty in the circular factory are introduced. As a common basis, probabilities are used to express uncertainty, thus being compatible with the traditional and proven concepts of measurement science and stochastics. To describe the individual information state of object instances, it is complemented with a joint probability distribution describing all relevant object attributes. Some examples for processes within the circular factory demonstrate how uncertainty is considered to manage the uncertainty related challenges of used objects.

A new 2+1 coherent spin-foam vertex for quantum gravity

Abstract We propose an explicit spin-foam amplitude for Lorentzian gravity in three dimensions, allowing for both space- and time-like boundaries. The model is based on two main requirements: that it should be structurally similar to its well-known Euclidean analog, and that geometricity should be recovered in the semiclassical regime. To this end we introduce new coherent states for space-like boundary edges, derived from the continuous series of unitary SU ( 1 , 1 ) representations. We show that the relevant objects in the amplitude can be written in terms of the defining representation of the group, just as so happens in the Euclidean case. We derive an expression for the semiclassical amplitude at large spins, showing it relates to the Lorentzian Regge action.

Optimizing Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Abdominoplasty Incisions: Chevron Modification.

There has been increased use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) to aid closure of abdominoplasty incisions; this obviates previous complications, including delayed wound healing. We describe a reproducible method of NPWT-assisted wound healing applicable to abdominal wounds. We propose a modified method of NPWT application, specific to the to Avance Solo NPWT system, to achieve optimal wound healing by promoting a suitable environment and decreasing high-tension forces. Postoperatively, this technique enables patient and nursing ease owing to increased durability and drainless follow-up. This is further emphasized by the results of a quantitative analysis of a 100-patient case series measuring clinically relevant objective and patient-satisfaction outcomes, and the cost analysis of use.

Globally and locally optimized Pannini projection for high FoV rendering of 360° images

To render a spherical (360° or omnidirectional) image on planar displays, a 2D image - called as viewport - must be obtained by projecting a sphere region on a plane, according to the user's viewing direction and a predefined field of view (FoV). However, any sphere to plan projection introduces geometric distortions, such as object stretching and/or bending of straight lines, which intensity increases with the considered FoV. In this paper, a fully automatic content-aware projection is proposed, aiming to reduce the geometric distortions when high FoVs are used. This new projection is based on the Pannini projection, whose parameters are firstly globally optimized according to the image content, followed by a local conformality improvement of relevant viewport objects. A crowdsourcing subjective test showed that the proposed projection is the most preferred solution among the considered state-of-the-art sphere to plan projections, producing viewports with a more pleasant visual quality.

Presaccadic Attention Enhances and Reshapes the Contrast Sensitivity Function Differentially around the Visual Field.

Contrast sensitivity (CS), which constrains human vision, decreases from fovea to periphery, from the horizontal to the vertical meridian, and from the lower vertical to the upper vertical meridian. It also depends on spatial frequency (SF), and the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) depicts this relation. To compensate for these visual constraints, we constantly make saccades and foveate on relevant objects in the scene. Already before saccade onset, presaccadic attention shifts to the saccade target and enhances perception. However, it is unknown whether and how it modulates the interplay between CS and SF, and if this effect varies around polar angle meridians. CS enhancement may result from a horizontal or vertical shift of the CSF, increase in bandwidth, or any combination. In addition, presaccadic attention could enhance CS similarly around the visual field, or it could benefit perception more at locations with poorer performance (i.e., vertical meridian). Here, we investigated these possibilities by extracting key attributes of the CSF of human observers. The results reveal that presaccadic attention (1) increases CS across SF, (2) increases the most preferred and the highest discernable SF, and (3) narrows the bandwidth. Therefore, presaccadic attention helps bridge the gap between presaccadic and postsaccadic input by increasing visibility at the saccade target. Counterintuitively, this CS enhancement was more pronounced where perception is better-along the horizontal than the vertical meridian-exacerbating polar angle asymmetries. Our results call for an investigation of the differential neural modulations underlying presaccadic perceptual changes for different saccade directions.

Towards More Equitable Urban Greening: A Framework for Monitoring and Evaluating Co-Governance

Urban greening has grown in significance in Europe and worldwide as a presumed “public good” initiative, delivering a range of benefits for human health and wellbeing. To redress inequalities in the distribution of such benefits, attention has turned to the potential of collaborative governance. Indicator-based frameworks have also begun to receive attention for their ability to monitor and evaluate not only the performance of greening interventions, but also the policies, practices, and norms that influence their planning and implementation, with a view to transforming governance arrangements. Extensive sets of indicators have been proposed in the literature; however, few studies have addressed the process of adapting monitoring frameworks to the limited resources and highly specific conditions of local government. We address this gap by providing an account of an early phase in developing and contextualising a framework to assess governance of urban greening in seven European cities. Following review of existing indicator sets and literature related to co-governing urban green space, we compiled a set of 126 indicators and clustered these according to normative principles underpinning successful co-governance. We then worked with city representatives to contextualise a subset of 80 indicators and link them to relevant objectives. We found that organising indicators according to principles and applying the criteria of relevance and feasibility was useful to make an abstract concept operational and to promote strategic thinking. However, we also found evidence of likely barriers to using indicators in practice, chief among them the limited agency of responsible staff, with implications for the potential to politicise indicators and thereby guide transformative change.