Relevant Ministry Research Articles

Public governance in national minority rights protection

The article is devoted to the analysis of public administration in the field of national minorities rights protection. The author analyzes the system of authorities aimed at protecting the national minorities interests and nationalities in Ukraine. The Committee on Nationalities under the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine was the first ukrainian central state body of the executive power, entrusted with the functions of ensuring ethno-national policy and protecting the national minorities interests. It is emphasized that the structure of public authorities protecting the rights of national minorities was not limited exclusively to the activities of the specialized central executive body. The positions of Advisor to President on ethno-national problems of Crimea and Advisor to President on the affairs of the Ukrainian diaspora were introduced. At the regional (oblast) level, the Republican Committee for Nationalities and Deported Citizens of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea operates, as well as the relevant subdivisions at the local level – nationalities and migration departments of regional state administrations. The situation changed with the switch of the state policy vector from pro-Russian to pro-European. This was not least due to the recommendations of the OSCE and the need to converge with the acquis communautaire of the European Union. National minorities rights protection has been in focus since the independence of Ukraine. Establishing and functioning of the relevant Ministry (Committee) on National Minorities is a direct confirmation of this thesis. This issue was always in focus of the Ukrainian governments besides the period of the rule of the pro-Russian government (2010-2014), when most of the state institutions for the protection of national minorities were liquidated. This fact determined the revolutionary events of the Euromaidan (2014) to some extent. As of today, Ukraine fulfills its obligations regarding the protection of the national minorities rights. The current central authority (State Service of Ukraine for Ethnic Policy and Freedom of Conscience, DESS) was formed in accordance with the recommendations of the OSCE and taking into account the experience of the EU member-states. Its status is lower in the executive power hierarchy. However, its scope of competence and its actual activity best serves the interests of the national minorities.

Performance trend of the family physician referral system before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a study in northern Iran

BackgroundConsidering the challenges of the referral system in the family physician program and the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of the relevant ministry’s programs, it is necessary to assess the performance of the referral system. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the performance of the family physician referral system before and during COVID-19 in Golestan province.MethodsThe present repeated cross-sectional study was conducted on secondary data Recorded of 786,603 cases referred and cared by family physicians (including information on physicians’ and midwives’ visits, percentage of prescriptions and other information) in Golestan province from 2017 to 2022 in a census and retrospective manner. Data were collected using the reference ratio checklist and analyzed with SPSS 23 software at a significance level of less than 0.05.ResultsReferral to 10 types of medical specialties and 10 indicators of family physicians referral before and during COVID-19 were investigated. The highest and lowest percentages of referrals by family physicians were belonged to the surgical (17.6%) and infectious (2%) specialists before COVID-19, and internal medicine (15.07%) and urology (3%) specialists during COVID-19, respectively. Referral due to physician’s diagnosis increased by 19.3% compared to before Covid-19, target group increased by 0.86%, care decreased by 2.69% and reverse referral decreased by 36.1%. The amount of population covered by rural insurance, the amount of visits to midwives, the percentage of electronic appointments in the post-Covid-19 years have changed significantly compared to before.it (P-Value < 0.05).ConclusionThe present study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on family physician referral indicators, such as the process of referral to specialists, drug prescriptions, insurance coverage, one-time service population, and patient care, which can be used to eliminate the weaknesses and Strengthening the strengths of the programs being implemented in the face of possible pandemics is very useful and effective and can be used in the country. Finally, the results obtained from this research provide evidence to discuss the importance of the family physicians care and referral system in the face of special conditions for quality control in health policies.

The Efficiency of Financing Environmental Protection Measures in the Context of Ukraine’s Future Membership in the EU

In recent decades, humanity has had a significant negative impact on the environment. This problem can be solved only by establishing a rational environmental management policy and ensuring an effective financial policy in the context of balancing emissions and expenditures on environmental protection measures. The purpose of this article is to analyze the efficiency of financing environmental protection measures by determining the dependence of pollutant emissions on environmental protection expenditures in Ukraine and the European Union. The following methods were used for the study: analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, specification, and statistical and graphical methods. The statistical information was systematized on the basis of open data from the Open Budget web portal, the State Statistics Service, and Eurostat. This study identified the dynamics of revenues from environmental taxes in Ukraine; taxes on air emissions prevail. Most of the expenditures are made from the state budget. According to the functional classification, environmental expenditures are mainly aimed at preventing and eliminating environmental pollution. The dynamics of capital investments in environmental protection were also studied. To assess the effectiveness of the state policy in the field of environmental protection, we analyzed the dependence of pollutant emissions in Ukraine, Poland, and Romania on the amount of environmental expenditures and investments in this area and revenues from environmental tax. In Ukraine, the amount of pollutants released into the atmosphere depends mostly on investments in this area; in Poland—on revenues from environmental taxes; and in Romania—on expenditures on environmental protection. It has been established that the obtained models are adequate and can be used to build future forecasts of pollutant emissions. Directions for the development of financial and environmental policy are proposed. Post-war restoration of the environmental situation should be carried out on the basis of sustainable development, focusing on the European Green Deal A triple-task approach should be implemented, including environmental restoration, the minimization of negative climate change and balanced use of resources, and the expansion of powers of the relevant ministry with a focus on the strategic goals of the state policy. It is necessary to develop methodological recommendations according to international standards to assess the real state of the environment.

Параметры шагающего устройства для добычи полезных ископаемых, рассредоточенных по морскому дну

The purpose of the work is to analyze the aggregates of complexes for the extraction of marine minerals. In particular, the variants of complexes, their advantages and disadvantages are considered. The complex is analyzed, which uses robotic pickers/reclaimers of the walking type to perform mining operations of ferromanganese nodules (FMN) or cobalt-bearing manganese crusts (CMC). Results. The variants of complexes for mining of bottom deposits are analyzed, advantages and disadvantages of different variants are indicated. The device for collecting minerals on the bottom, developed in SPMU, is described, laboratory studies of the model of such a device are considered, the main parameters are presented, the dependence of productivity on the size and time of operations of the cycle of work is indicated. It is determined that for minimal impact on the seabed biota it is necessary to use walking submersibles with an actuator for extraction in the form of rarefaction chambers or a grapple with an impactor (depending on the type of solid minerals). It is shown that the productivity of the walking underwater vehicle varies with the diameter of the rarefaction chamber plates: the optimum plate diameter is 1.5 m. Experimental study of hydrodynamic resistance of “foot” models with different midships cross-section has been carried out. According to the experimental results, the conclusion about the preferred design of the “foot” was made: the cross-section should be a streamlined shape with the smallest drag coefficient cx and have a continuous surface without holes. Experimental studies of tine models movement in water have shown that it is reasonable to use as tine parts the structures without holes, streamlined ellipsoidal shape. Calculations of productivity of mining units when using rope hoisting from the bottom to the ship have shown the necessity of using four or more hoisting devices for realization of the required annual productivity of more than 1 million tons per year. The stages of creating a workable extraction unit including a vessel, vertical lifting device and a system of deep-water collectors require very significant material and monetary costs, so they should be carried out in accordance with the R&amp;D plan and tasks of the relevant ministry and agency and require coordination of efforts of investors, scientists and machine builders.

LED light sources with a sun-like emission spectrum for children’s institutions

The article looks more like a scientific-theoretical than an experimental one, so it is proposed to remove the IMRAD structure, especially since it is given only in the summary, but not in the article itself.&#x0D; “In Russia, under the national project “Education”, a large-scale program for the construction of schools is underway. About 700 schools have already been built, and if in general for all programs, this is 900 schools..... Many schools have swimming pools, modern canteens...” noted the head of the relevant ministry at a meeting with the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin at the beginning of 2023. In total, about 750 billion rubles were allocated to finance the program for the construction of new schools. (it includes 454 billion from the federal budget). In total, it is planned to build 1,300 educational institutions, which will have more than 1 million places. In addition to the construction of new schools, the plan provides for the implementation of a program of capital repairs and technical renovation of existing general education institutions by the end of 2026: it will include 7,300 buildings. The pace of capital renovations has also accelerated in 2022–2023: three thousand buildings will be renovated, mainly in rural areas. By 2024, all 27 thousand rural schools, according to modern requirements, will be equipped with modern equipment. In modern schools, it is planned to equip computer classes with modern computing equipment, and energy saving plans provide for the widespread use of LED lighting. The reasons for the negative effects of the light spectrum of LED lighting and personal computer monitors on the health &#x0D; of children and adolescents, in particular the increase in myopia, have not yet been sufficiently studied.&#x0D; Analytical, sociological, and statistical methods were used.&#x0D; The relationship between physiological and behavioural factors that may lead to decreased vision is described. The restructuring of the work of the visual analyzer, associated with the selection of information in accordance with the models proposed in the social environment has been suggested to contribute to the formation &#x0D; of myopia; with a decrease in one’s own search activity with increased myopia; with an increase in the functioning of internal information processing systems and &#x0D; a decrease in the systems of perception and implementation of actions.&#x0D; Limitations. The study was limited to the area of study of the subject of research, materials from the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI databases and our own experiments.&#x0D; Conclusion. The spectral composition of artificial light and its intensity give rise to the prerequisites for the development of myopia or another functional-structural response in the variety of ganglion, amacrine cells, and receptors in the visual analyzer of multicellular animals. The narrow and incomplete spectrum of light from domestic LED lamps cannot be a good choice for the prevention of myopia in children. Considering the diversity of opsins in the human visual analyzer, we have developed and manufactured an artificial, light source using LEDs and phosphors, the spectrum of which considers the spectral photosensitivity of opsins in the human eye and is close as possible to the spectrum of sunlight at a correlated colour temperature of about 4000 and 3000 K. The first one has now been manufactured a batch of lamps, the spectral composition of the emitted light of which has no analogues and is ahead of the world’s best samples in terms of spectrum composition and efficiency level. The spectrum of this light source was demonstrated in a presentation at the Erisman Readings 2023. To elucidate the biological mechanisms of the development of myopia in children, additional efforts are needed within the framework of a new scientific direction - evolutionary hygiene. This will make it possible to establish how small changes in the composition of the light spectrum (emission in the region of 410–450 nm, dip in the region of 480 nm and absence of 380 nm) of artificial sources influenced catastrophic (chaotic) changes at the genetic level of humans and the entire living world.

Equipping Faith-Based Communities for Cancer Support Ministry: A Pilot Study of Cancer Support Training for Members of African-American Churches in the USA.

Church-academic partnerships focused on cancer, generally target cancer screening and prevention, with few focusing explicitly on cancer survivors. With the population of cancer survivors steadily increasing, highlighting the value of faith-based cancer support ministry is paramount. However, many churches may not have the resources to integrate relevant cancer support ministry and may need to identify ways to reach cancer survivors. We piloted cancer support training to help church members to start a cancer support ministry with African-American churches in Milwaukee, WI. We sought to measure the feasibility of a two-day training workshop to build the capacity of churches through recruiting and training church members on how to foster social support and to disseminate cancer information and resources throughout their churches. Our study was guided by the social networks and social support framework, which we applied to cancer survivorship. Our study supports the feasibility of engaging churches in a virtual training to support the development of cancer support ministries to address the needs of African-American cancer survivors. Based on our recruitment success, workshop attendance, evaluation and retention, our results suggest that a two-day workshop was successful in facilitating the initiation of cancer support ministries within African-American churches.

Investigating Barriers to Low-Carbon Policy Implementation among Mining Companies in Ghana

Efforts for carbon emission reduction have been identified as a major climate change mitigation target in the Paris Agreement. The 26th Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change highlighted the worldwide effort for cleaner and greener mining, urging the mineral industry to embrace greener operational emissions reduction technologies and strategies. At the Paris Conference, Ghana pledged to reduce CO2 emissions by 15% and increase its renewable energy share to 10% of the national energy mix. Ghana’s efforts to implement a low-carbon policy were, however, hampered for several reasons. Ghana is Africa’s leading and the world’s seventh largest gold producer. Mining has contributed significantly to foreign currency acquisition and government revenue. The gold mining sector contributes approximately 95% of Ghana’s total mineral revenue. Considering these situations, the fundamental question is how Ghana’s mining industry can contribute to CO2 emission reduction efforts. This paper investigates barriers to low-carbon emission policy implementation among mining companies in Ghana. We adopted 5-point Likert scale statement questions. The questionnaire survey was conducted among Ghana’s four large-scale gold mining companies. As the sample number of available companies is limited, we used a descriptive analysis to assess the responses. The results show that the companies expressed widely different ways to respond to the issues of cost, a government policy for carbon emission reduction, and the acquisition of low-carbon technologies. Those companies that are relatively less prepared for this endeavor emphasized the uncertainties of securing sufficient energy in case of using low-carbon technologies. They also expressed a need for more trained workers to handle low-carbon technologies. We found that a major challenge among companies was the expected cost involved in implementing a low-carbon emission policy. There was a communication gap with the relevant government ministry about low-carbon mining options where the government should be able to facilitate the involvement of low-carbon technology providers, such as solar Photovoltaics installation.

Strategic Management Model for Legal Entity State Universities Toward a World Class University (WCU) Through a Strategic Intelligence Approach

Background: In the present era of global industrialization, universities are facing an increasing challenge to nurture human resources that are capable of thriving and excelling in global competition. Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) serves as one of the largest universities in Indonesia and is counted among the 16 Legal Entity State Universities (LESU). As part of the strategic plan outlined by the relevant ministry, there is a priority program that encourages Indonesian universities to achieve the World Class University (WCU) predicate. This scenario necessitates an enhancement of academic reputation Internationally. Method: An explanatory with a quantitative approach was used, and the data were analyzed using Structural Equation Models (SEM). Results: Consequently, the result showed that strategic intelligence significantly and positively played a role in accelerating the influence of strategic management on the performance of the university in achieving WCU predicate. Typically, strategic management consists of strategy formulation, implementation, evaluation, and control. Conclusion: Strategic intelligence, including the upstream system, input quality, leadership system quality, and sound policy guidance, could be recommended as an appropriate approach to strengthen the capacity and expedite the achievement of USU's targets for the WCU predicate.

Возможности и перспективы развития клиентоцентричных центров занятости в регионе

In conditions of personnel shortage in the labor market, the development of new forms of labor relations, including self-employment, the question arises of further development of the system of employment support from the state. The contradictions currently presented in it are determined, on the one hand, by the state’s request for digitalization, optimization, economic results, customer centricity and other modern development goals, and, on the other hand, by a focus on maintaining unemployment indicators, formal promotion of employment, ensuring the payment of benefits and other functions that are poorly connected with the real situation on the labor market. In this regard, further reflection on the future of employment centers, the content of their activities, and new values is necessary. The aim of the study is, based on an analysis of the current situation in the labor market and in the employment support system of Sverdlovsk Oblast, to develop proposals for the further development of employment centers in the region, considering current requests for customer centricity and operational efficiency. The basic research methods were case studies based on the example of employment centers in Sverdlovsk Oblast, as well as expert interviews and customer surveys. In total, the activities of 41 employment centers in the region were analyzed, 17 interviews were conducted, and more than 400 respondents were interviewed. The study showed that employment centers can and should build their own development agenda because, in the context of conflicting expectations from such structures from the population, regional authorities, the head of the region and the relevant federal ministry, as well as business, a single vector of their development is needed, determined by best practices and the target. The article presents a vision of such landmarks, based on the results of our research. The results may be of interest to regional authorities that are responsible for the development of the labor market in the region.

Залучення молоді до формування та реалізації молодіжної політики на місцевому рівні в умовах війни

The general formulation of the issue and its connection with important scientific and practical tasks. Youth policy is very important for any country because young people are the main resource for the future development of the state. Ukraine is no exception, and youth policy presents great importance from the scientific perspective. If the authorities fail to develop a plan of support for young people in Ukraine, we risk becoming a country of people with disabilities and the elderly, which in turn will lead to the collapse of the social sphere, the bankruptcy of the Pension Fund of Ukraine and the financial crisis. For this particular reason, the consideration of the chosen topic is relevant from the perspective of state administration and implementation of youth policy. The analysis of the recent publications on the issues covered in the article; identification of the parts of the general problem that have not been previously addressed. Since the early days of Ukrainian independence, many public figures, opinion leaders, scientists and practitioners have argued that the youth in Ukraine is a significant social group that impacts the development of the country. Youth need support and development to ensure social, economic and political progress of the country. However, there is still not enough research on the development and implementation of the youth policy in Ukraine during the war, which, unfortunately, has been going on for almost two years. The purpose (the objective) of this article is to theoretically justify the need to involve youth in the formation and implementation of youth policy at the local level in the conditions of war. The key results and background. A complex solution to acute and painful issues in the field of the youth is possible if we’re able to: systematically involve young people in making management decisions at local, regional and state levels; improve the mechanisms of cooperation between the public authorities and institutions of the civil society; lay down funds for the implementation of the necessary volume of financing of targeted youth programs in the budget documents of all levels; create working places for young people; initiate assistance programs for young families (solution of housing issues); adapt educational programs to the requirements of the modern labor market; develop a system of monitoring and testing of the effectiveness of state and local target programs with the involvement of the public in this process with a flexible mechanism of introducing changes and additions; systematically study the needs of young people, taking into account the peculiarities of the regions of Ukraine and the age of the target groups (in Ukraine, people from the age of 14 till the age of 35 are considered young); efficiently inform young people about the opportunities available to them. There are many successful practices at different levels, in particular in the Ivano- Frankivsk municipal territorial community, which should be exchanged and borrowed for more successful experience. Conclusions and prospects of further research. The article describes the role of youth policy in the development of the country and its economic and social stability during the war, as well as suggests ways to solve acute and painful issues in the sphere of the youth. The analysis of scientific literature, normative legal acts and expert developments of the relevant Ministry demonstrates positive dynamics, in particular, during the war financial and expert support from the governments of other countries and international non-governmental organizations is attracted. However, currently available materials still demand a lot of refinement. The existing system of involving young people in public administration is focused on narrow circles of young representatives who have already proven their active position and potential for the state, for example, consultative and advisory bodies of various levels – public councils, youth advisors; contests for youth public organizations, etc. The issue of youth migration and its retention in Ukraine, creation of competitive conditions on the labor market and comfortable community infrastructure, including for internally displaced persons and students, who now have the opportunity to get education in other countries of the world, still remains open. It is also worth remembering the need to find the most effective methods of communication with all subjects of youth policy and with the youth themselves. Further development of this direction should consist in studying and analyzing the prerequisites that influence the formation of a quality youth policy in the country, studying the successful experience and best practices of other countries, especially those that have survived military operations, as well as bringing topical issues of the youth sphere into the public space with the aim of involving a wide range of people in their discussion and resolution.

Indonesian Migrant Workers After Job Creation Law: A Challenging Problem for Protection Welfare

&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left" valign="top"&gt;&lt;p class="AbstractText"&gt;Job Creation Law has severely impacted the protection of foreign workers with changes to the Company Permit for Placement of Indonesian Migrant Workers (SIP3MI). This research aims to analyze changes to SIP3MI and its impact on the licensing mechanism for Indonesian migrant workers, which is related to the implementation of supervision of migrant workers as a juridical-administrative consequence of SIP3MI issuance. The research methodology used in this paper is a normative legal research method with a statue approach and conceptualization of legal protection, licensing, supervision, labour, and social justice to realize the protection of migrant workers when contracting and completing contracts. This research indicates an urgency for the government to protect migrant workers, seeing the increase in the number of migrant workers and complaints. The SIP3MI regulation, degrades the concept of protecting Indonesian migrant workers. The change in providing SIP3MI information from the relevant Ministry to the authority of the Central Government and being equated with Business Licensing thus changes the mechanism for issuing permits, which could severely impact the implementation of supervision and protection of Indonesian migrant workers. Therefore, the protection of migrant workers is no better than before the publication of the Omnibus Law. Legal certainty is needed to provide protection. Equating SIP3MI with business licensing is quite controversial and has the potential to create legal protection for migrant workers who are increasingly being pushed into a corner.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Domestic Reindeer Herding in Arctic Regions of Yakutia in Second Half of 1990s: Experience of Decision-Making on Socio-Economic Issues in Industry

The experience ofsolving social and economic problems related to domestic reindeer herding in the Arctic regions of Yakutia during the early post-Soviet period is being studied. Attention is given to the adoption of the first program document in the republic— Resolution No. 521, dedicated to comprehensive support for traditional industries and social protection of workers in the Arctic regions. Archive documents on the activities of the relevant ministry in developing recommendations on wage payment in reindeer herding, adopting new decisions on one-time payments to reindeer herders and tent workers, and statistical data on some general economic indicators in reindeer herding are presented. The approach to calculating labor standards for reindeer herders and attempts at their social protection through professional tariffication of wage payment are presented in detail. Social directions included officially in the program for the development of domestic reindeer herding are highlighted. At the local level, it is shown that representatives of the relevant ministry responsible for managing traditional industries could not always rely on a positive experience in making decisions on socio-economic development of domestic reindeer herding as a leading traditional occupation of indigenous people, but they were fully aware of the real social situation of workers in the industry.

The Role of Public Policy in Gender Inequality in the Arts in Israel

Abstract This article deals with Israel's cultural policy and public funding for the arts—a nascent, under-developed research field in Israeli scholarship. The article focuses on the plastic arts and film, presenting data about the system of budget allocation and the structure of relevant Ministry of Culture and Sports decision-making committees. The discussion takes a gender perspective, focusing on obstacles women artists face in accessibility to public budgets for the arts. These challenges, we argue, are compounded when considering additional and overlapping identity categories. We apply intersectional analysis—a perspective that considers positionality and social background, including gender, class, race, nationality, and religion—and conclude with suggestions for improving public policy for the arts.

LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY NAME CHECK SYSTEM THROUGH ONLINE GENERAL LEGAL ADMINISTRATION

A Limited Liability Company (LLC) is gaining popularity within various business circles as a legal entity consisting of directors, commissioners, and shareholders. Establishing an LLC requires adherence to specific requirements and procedures to obtain legal documents, with evidence and manifestation of legality aspects presented, registered, and ratified by the Directorate General of Law and Human Rights through the online system. Formally, the deed for LLC establishment must be drafted in Indonesian by at least two individuals, meeting the material requirements specified in Article 9 of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies. The procedure for creating a Deed of Establishment by a notary is governed by Article 39 of Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning the Position of Notaries, involving presenters approaching the notary, verification of the name, signing of the deed, registration with the relevant Ministry, and issuance of a Legal Entity Decree. Notaries may encounter obstacles, including technical issues like system inaccessibility, addressed through communication with AHU Online (Online General Legal Administration), and non-technical issues resolved through improvements. Responsibility for material truth lies in the validity of the deed, while responsibility for formal truth involves adherence to statutory regulations in the deed-making process.

Integrating Public Private Partnership Strategy for Sustainable Students Skills Development in Technical and Vocational Education and Training in Zimbabwe

Traditionally, Public-Private Partnerships(PPPs) are known to contribute to infrastructure development in diverse socio-economic sectors. It is a misconstruction that PPPs are streamlined to a single functioning of developing and improving infrastructure yet this strategy can be adopted to integrate PPP for sustainable skills development in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with a view of responding to the labour market demand realities. Using a mixed methods approach the study sought to establish the feasibility of PPPs for sustainable skills development in TVET by soliciting data from institutions of higher learning and industry. A simple random sampling of 5 TVET institutions and 10 lecturers,5 administrators, and 5 captains of industry were purposively sampled to respond and participate in the study respectively. The data were descriptively and thematically analyzed for a balanced view of the findings. The results revealed that TVET institutions did not consider PPPs as a strategy for sustainable skills development for employability. Also established was policy inconsistency at the government level which hampers possibilities of partnerships in skills development. The results further show that industry plays an important role in skills development through internship, traineeship, and on-the-job education and training. The study recommended government through the relevant ministry and agents expedite the PPPs policy framework to include skills development as a standalone component. There is a need for government to incentivise private sector players to have PPPs in sustainable skills development for increased return on investment and subsequently economic growth.

Empirical research on the possibilities of stimulating investments financed from European funds - case study for Romania

The purpose of this paper is to identify ways in which investments financed from European funds can be stimulated, by using a case study on the example of Romania. We started from the statistically proven reality according to which the use of funds allocated to Romania (below 50%) is unfavorable and, with the help of a structured questionnaire, we aimed to identify the main vulnerabilities of the activities carried out by the relevant ministry, including from the perspective of the beneficiaries of European funds, but also to propose a series of measures to remedy this situation that does not allow the development of the Romanian economy. The research was quantitative, it was conducted between 09.10. 2021-29.01.2023 and was based on three main and two secondary hypotheses. Essentially, we started from the reality that the deficient external communication process of the specialists of the Romanian Ministry of Investment and European Funds outlines a negative image on the factors responsible for attracting European funds, their lack of interest causing potential applicants to distrust the relevant ministry, especially in the context of the increasingly aggressive interference of politics in obtaining European funds. Equally, the lack of interest of the representatives of the relevant ministry in obtaining feedback from the applicants to the European funding projects leads to the latter's low degree of confidence in their chances of success. In the portfolio of the financing programs, the European Union has no less than 52 - their purpose being to develop Europe in a harmonious, strong and balanced manner. Keywords: investment, European funds, organizational communication, political influences, IBM SPSS 20

Access to the World Health Organization-recommended essential diagnostics for invasive fungal infections in critical care and cancer patients in Africa: A diagnostic survey

BackgroundInvasive fungal infections (IFIs) contribute to significant morbidity and mortality among patients with haemato-oncological conditions, seriously ill hospitalised patients and those in intensive care (ICU). We surveyed for the World Health Organization-recommended essential diagnostic tests for IFIs in these risk groups in Africa. MethodsThe Global Action For Fungal Infections (GAFFI) evaluated the different levels of access to both diagnostics for IFIs for populations in Africa, with the aim of building a comparative dataset and a publicly available interactive map. Data was collected through a validated questionnaire administered to a country leader in relevant topics (i.e., HIV, laboratory coordination) and/or Ministry of Health representatives and followed up with 2 rounds of validation by video calls, and later confirmation by email of findings. ResultsInitial data was collected from 48 African countries covering 99.65 % of the population. Conventional diagnostics such as blood cultures, direct microscopy and histopathology were often used for diagnosis of IFIs in more than half of the facilities. Bronchoscopy was rarely done or not done in 20 countries (population 649 million). In over 40 African countries (population >850 million), Aspergillus antigen testing was never performed in either the public or private sectors. Computed tomography (CT) imaging is routinely used in 27 (56 %) of countries in the public sector and 21 44 %) in the private sector. However, magnetic resonance imaging remains relatively uncommon in most African countries. ConclusionsThere are critical gaps in the availability of essential diagnostics for IFIs in Africa, particularly Aspergillus antigen testing and modern medical imaging modalities. Early diagnosis and commencement of targeted therapy of IFIs are critical for optimal outcomes from complex cancer therapies.

PAJAK KARBON BERDASARKAN PRINSIP KEADILAN DAN KETERJANGKAUAN DI INDONESIA

One of the reasons why implementing a carbon tax in Indonesia is so necessary is because Indonesia is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions in the world. Indonesia has received great attention because Indonesia is known as a tropical rain forest country with considerable biodiversity. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the Principles and Principles, Imposition of Carbon Tax Imposition in order to create a sense of justice and affordability for the community in carrying out obligations in taxation in Indonesia and to examine the Application of Implementation of Carbon Tax Collection already based on applicable legal provisions, namely the Law law No. 7 of 2021. The method used in this study is normative legal research, namely a legal research based on document studies, namely using legal sources in the form of laws and regulations, court decisions/decree, contracts/agreement/contracts, legal theory, and the opinion of scholars. Another name for normative legal research is doctrinal legal research, also known as library research or document study. The conclusion from this research is that the implementation of the imposition of carbon tax in Indonesia is regulated in Law Number 7 of 2021. This carbon tax will be imposed on carbon emissions resulting from the consumption of goods that contain carbon emissions and/or from activities that produce carbon emissions. The basis for the imposition of a carbon tax is the amount of carbon emissions produced which will be determined by the relevant Ministry which has the authority and competence in this matter. Indonesia applies a carbon tax using the Capand-Tax scheme, which combines a carbon trading scheme with a carbon tax&#x0D; Keywords: Tax, Carbon, Indonesia, Tropics

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESMENT: THE ANALYSIS OF THE CHALLENGES CAUSED BY MARTIAL LAW

With the beginning of full-scale Russian aggression, social relations in our country underwent significant changes. This was caused by the destruction of social and industrial infrastructure, critical infrastructure facilities, and the established everyday life of the citizens. The Ukrainian state and its citizens faced unprecedented challenges. However, the unshakable desire of Ukrainians to withstand everything requires the state power as a tool for regulating societal relations, prompt decision-making and finding ways to overcome these challenges. Ukrainians had to respond to the threats and challenges caused by the war in various fields, including within the competence of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine, in particular, in the area of environmental impact assessment.&#x0D; Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a mechanism for ensuring eco-safety, which aims to prevent the establishment of environmentally hazardous economic objects by analyzing the project documentation of the planned activity. The EIA procedure involves a certain level of phasing, which is ensured by the use of the Unified Register of Environmental Impact Assessment automated information system. This system, in turn, enables the interaction of concerned members of the public, state authorities and business entities in a digital format. With the military operations and the intentional destruction of Ukrainian energy infrastructure objects by the aggressor, the execution of EIA proved to be an extremely difficult task. The complexity of carrying out the EIA is also caused by the need to act within the limits of the Ukrainian law on Environmental Impact Assessment. Therefore, it is relevant to analyze the steps taken by the relevant ministry to comply with the legislation, the principles of the implementation of the EIA, and the realization of the citizens' right to access information about the natural environment.&#x0D; The environmental impact assessment procedure stipulated by Ukrainian law on environmental impact assessment is a tool that allows the public, state authorities, local government bodies and business entities to jointly make decisions that would meet the conceptual principles of sustainable development by preventing the implementation of ecologically unacceptable and environmentally harmful projects. The practical significance of the environmental impact assessment is determined by the full consideration of the consequences for the environment and human well-being from the planned activity and the development of measures aimed at preventing and eliminating a significant negative impact on the environment. Moreover, the Russian military actions are accompanied by numerous environmental crimes and environmental losses, caused by the destruction of landscapes, air pollution, soil degradation, and pollution of water bodies. Therefore, even under the conditions of martial law, the execution of an EIA should take place properly, taking into account the need to secure data that appears during the procedure and compliance with the basic principles of publicity, transparency and state regulation. All three of these principles, since the beginning of the full-scale aggression, were partially violated for objective reasons. Despite this, the real work of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources, whose experts have established the operation of the Unified Register for Environmental Impact Assessment automated information system, which made the implementation of the Environmental Impact Assessment possible, remains worthy of recognition. It remains fundamentally important for citizens to exercise their right to access environmental information when making decisions regarding the implementation of planned activities, which was not possible for several months after the beginning of the war. It was possible to partially overcome this problem by opening the Unified Register for Environmental Impact Assessment. The proposed research results specify the aspects of environmental impact assessment under martial law conditions, which is especially relevant for specialists, business entities, and concerned members of the public, considering the environmental threats provoked by military actions.&#x0D; Key words: environmental impact assessment, planned activity, subject of management, public discussion, martial law.

Tax Reform and Tax Revenue Collection Performance in Ethiopia (From 2005 to 2013 EFY)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tax policy reforms on revenue generation in Ethiopia, using different tax revenue sources as a proxy for the federally collected tax revenue. To carry out this exercise, quarterly time-series data for the years (2005 - 2013 EFY) was employed. Data were gathered from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data was collected through interviews with relevant Ministry officials and experts from selected departments, and secondary data was gathered from performance reports of the Ministry. The analysis showed that the reform of the tax policy since the 2009 fiscal year has not had a positive impact on tax revenue. The tax authority's eight-year tax collection efficiency was assessed by the tax buoyancy, which was 0.76 percent between 2005 and 2012, the tax buoyancy rate was 0.9 before the tax policy reform, and 0.6 after the reform. This shows that tax collection is low after the policy reform and that the tax policy reform has an impact on revenue collection. The regression result showed that reform in Value Added Tax and Excise tax has a significant positive effect on revenue collection within the period under review; while reform in non-tax recorded a negative and insignificant effect on revenue collection. The Johansen cointegration test showed that a long-run meaningful relationship exists between tax reform and revenue collection (TR) in Ethiopia. To encourage taxpayers to comply with the law, the study suggests that the tax system should be reviewed on a regular basis, and that tax policy formulation should be carried out after proper consultation with all executives and relevant stakeholders.