Relevant Data Sources Research Articles

Global Statistics and Data Sciences (GSDS), BeiGene USA, Fulton, MD

Pediatric cancer consists of a diverse group of rare diseases. Due to limited patient populations, standard randomized and controlled trials are often infeasible. As a result, single-arm trials are common in pediatric oncology and the use of external controls is often desirable or necessary to help generate actionable evidence and contextualize trial results. In this paper, we illustrate unique features in pediatric oncology clinical trials and describe their impact on the use of external controls. Various types of relevant external control data sources are described in terms of their utility and drawbacks. Statistical methodologies and design implications with external control are discussed. Two recent case studies using external controls to support pediatric oncology drug development are described in detail.

Global Statistics and Data Sciences (GSDS), BeiGene USA, Fulton, MD

Pediatric cancer consists of a diverse group of rare diseases. Due to limited patient populations, standard randomized and controlled trials are often infeasible. As a result, single-arm trials are common in pediatric oncology and the use of external controls is often desirable or necessary to help generate actionable evidence and contextualize trial results. In this paper, we illustrate unique features in pediatric oncology clinical trials and describe their impact on the use of external controls. Various types of relevant external control data sources are described in terms of their utility and drawbacks. Statistical methodologies and design implications with external control are discussed. Two recent case studies using external controls to support pediatric oncology drug development are described in detail.

Class and racial inequalities in the criminal justice system of the United States of America

The subject of this paper is a theoretical consideration of the relationship between class and racial inequalities and the criminal justice system in the United States of America (USA), based on a review of relevant studies and data sources. The author concludes that the class and race of the defendant influence the outcome of criminal proceedings in the USA. They are non-normative factors that have an impact on the judge's decision-making. Within the US criminal justice system, racial and class inequalities intersect so that poor, low-educated African Americans receive the harshest treatment in the US criminal justice system. The presented research shows a milder treatment of other categories of the USA population, whose criminal acts are not perceived as too dangerous due to the social position of the perpetrator and the non-violence of those acts, as well as the absence of direct victims. Also, the author concludes that although there are more studies on the influence of race on the outcome of criminal proceedings in the USA, class shows a greater influence than race, even though the term class is rarely used in the presented research and class position is most often shown using indicators of class position.

Функціонування системи бухгалтерського обліку в контексті формування інформаційної політики суб’єкта господарювання

In order to obtain competitive advantages by an economic entity, there is an urgent need to develop and approve an information policy, which inevitably leads to the need to revise the organizational, technical, methodical and methodological aspects of the functioning of the accounting system of an economic entity as a dominant component of information support for the process of managerial decision-making. The aim of the article is to study and substantiate approaches to the identification of types of information policy, adaptation to its provisions of the organizational, technical, methodical and methodological components of the accounting system of an economic entity. The article identifies a system of principles that should correspond to the process of formation of information policy, substantiates the need to divide it into types in order to form an information model that will correspond to each of them. The influence of the provisions of the information policy on the functioning of the accounting system of an economic entity is determined. The necessity of identification of additional accounting subsystems in order to fulfill the tasks of maximalist and target-based information policy, which make it possible to produce integrated reporting at the final stages of the accounting process, which is a relevant source of data for external users, is substantiated. A theoretical characterization (purpose; principles and requirements; subject of formation; accounting support; form and format; users; reporting period) of the organizational, methodical and methodological components of the process of formation of integrated reporting of an economic entity is provided. The tools for regulating the provisions of the chosen information policy of an economic entity are indicated, which will ensure the mutual coordination of its goals and approaches to information processing.

Manual Qualitative Data Coding Using MS Word for Students and Early Career Researchers in Resource-Constrained Settings

In recent years, the field of qualitative data collection, management, and analysis has undergone significant evolution, with researchers worldwide increasingly leveraging technological advancements to streamline and simplify their practices. Despite the advantages of using qualitative data coding software, several challenges persist, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Issues such as the high cost of software licenses, the time required to learn and use these tools, and the complexity of advanced features often hinder researchers, especially students and early career researchers in low-income contexts, and contribute to the generation of poor-quality research evidence. This paper aims to provide a simplified, step-by-step guide to manual qualitative data coding using Microsoft Word, a widely accessible tool in low-income contexts. It is designed to support students and early-career researchers in low-income settings, helping them to conduct effective qualitative data management and analysis without the need for expensive software. We provide a five-step detailed guide for qualitative data coding using Microsoft Word, based on a practical example from previous research on maternal and child health in rural Tanzania. We also present a hypothetical example of a student research study focusing on the drivers behind pursuing a Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree. The process begins with examining the research objectives and questions to develop preliminary themes and sub-themes, identifying relevant data sources within study interview guides, and creating guided transcription and coding templates tailored to each interview guide, followed by data coding by integrating interview data into a structured template. Practical insights are provided on transforming coded data into meaningful interpretations and analyses. This systematic approach aims to facilitate effective qualitative data management and analysis using accessible tools like Microsoft Word, thereby supporting students and early career researchers in conducting small-scale studies effectively.

Aplicações de perfis sensoriais em adolescentes e adultos em ambientes de saúde: uma revisão narrativa da literatura

Abstract Introduction Understanding the type of sensory information processed and the reactions to various sensory stimuli is critical for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in adolescents and adults. This literature review explores the different applications of three of the most commonly used instruments for assessing sensory modulation from adolescence. Objective To identify and synthesize the existing information about the applications of the sensory profile for adolescents and adults, as well as the sensory processing questionnaire. Method Narrative review of the literature in which was conducted a sensitivity test to establish keywords and identify relevant data sources. The research was carried out using databases such as WOS, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS, and the Chilean Journal of Occupational Therapy, covering the period from 2002 to January 2023, following predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results A total of 64 articles were analyzed where the findings were that the use of the sensory profile instrument for adolescents and adults is used in more than 20 pathologies and also in healthy population. The sensory processing questionnaire is in the initial stage of application and validation of the instrument in several countries. Conclusion This is the first narrative literature review of the three sensory processing assessment instruments available for adolescents and adults. These three clinical instruments are complementary and provide relevant information to the clinician for diagnosing sensory processing and guiding occupational therapy intervention.

Open Data Sources for Post-Consumer Plastic Sorting: What We Have and What We Still Need

The global plastic crisis is a significant concern. Addressing it requires a multi-faceted approach involving legislative, social, and technological measures to reduce post-consumer plastic waste and increase the recycling rate and material circularity. The EU Packaging Directive mandates a 50% recycling rate for plastics by the end of 2025 and 55% by 2030. Machine learning techniques are increasingly being explored to improve the efficiency of waste sorting, thereby contributing to achieving the aforementioned recycling rate goals. However, their effectiveness relies on the availability of high-quality and comprehensive datasets. One of the challenges in this field is the need for suitable datasets for training and testing machine learning models. Furthermore, access to detailed and real-world data, such as information from recycling plants, is often restricted due to paywalls, limiting the accessibility of critical data for research and development. This review sheds light on the situation of RGB (red, green, blue) image datasets and NIR (near-infrared) data availability to identify current dataset gaps and advocate for open access to relevant data sources. The target is to promote collaboration and innovation to combat the plastic crisis and promote sustainable practices collaboratively.

Gene Expression Data Analysis In Response to Nicotine Exposure: a Literature Study Revealing Differentially Expressed Genes In Biological Pathways

This research aims to deepen our understanding of the effects of nicotine usage through a descriptive literature review, with the primary focus on exploring GEO DataSets via the analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in response to nicotine exposure. The GEO DataSet search was obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), a relevant biomedical data source. The results of our investigation revealed a total of 11 GEO DataSets of Homo sapiens that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for identifying Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs). These datasets, namely GSE125217, GSE148812, GSE125416, GSE105445, GSE56398, GSE51284, GSE71795, GSE56383, GSE40689, GSE11208, and GSE11142, contained genes that underwent altered expression in response to nicotine exposure. The results of the gene analysis were further categorized based on their functional classifications. They encompass receptor genes such as CHRNA9, nAChRs, and TLR4, regulatory genes including CDK1, CHK1, ERBB2, EGFR, and E2F1, structural genes like H-Caldesmon, L-Caldesmon, SM22, CDH1/3, BDNF/NT-3, and MLL3, immunological genes such as TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-6, IL-10, MCSF, MCP-1, and ICAM-1, metabolic genes like CYP2A6 and APOE, and enzymatic genes such as PITRM1, DDR2, DHRS7, and SLC16A7. This review search provides a comprehensive insight into the molecular-level impact of nicotine, with potential implications for the development of treatment strategies and the discovery of relevant biomarkers associated with nicotine use.

From Struggle to Success: The Feynman Techniques' Revolutionary Impact on Slow Learners

Feynman Techniques have proven to be a game-changer in the field of education. The Feynman Techniques, developed by physicist Richard Feynman, provide a unique and effective approach to learning complex subjects. By breaking down information into simple terms and teaching it to others, slow learners can enhance their understanding and retention of material. This study aims to analyze revolutionary impact of the Feynman Techniques on slow learners in their journey from struggle to success. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The data collection stages in this research were carried out in search for and identify relevant data sources, carry out literature selection, and extract relevant data. This research uses thematic analysis methods to identify patterns, trends and main findings in the literature reviewed. This study found the principles behind the Feynman Techniques and highlights their practical application in educational settings. It also presents case studies and testimonials from slow learners who have experienced significant improvements in their academic performance and self-confidence after implementing these techniques. The findings suggest that the Feynman Techniques have the potential to revolutionize the way slow learners approach learning and achieve success.

Curriculum Management Characteristics in Arabic Language (A Comparative Study of Curriculum Documents in Arabic Language Education at UINSI Samarinda and UIN FAS Bengkulu)

Curriculum documents should have appropriate characteristics to produce graduates in line with educational objectives, necessitating a thorough examination of an educational institution's curriculum documents. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the curriculum management characteristics in Arabic language education at UINSI Samarinda and UIN FAS Bengkulu. This study adopts a qualitative approach, specifically a library research, utilizing primary data sources such as curriculum documents in Arabic language education at UINSI Samarinda and UIN FAS Bengkulu, as well as relevant secondary data sources such as books and journals. A systematic and ongoing data analysis is conducted, involving data reduction, data display, and conclusion stages. The research findings reveal that the curriculum management characteristics in Arabic language education at both campuses encompass a theological foundation, which is a distinctive feature of Arabic language education within the realm of Islamic educational management, as well as rational, empirical, and theoretical foundations.

Keefektifan Discovery Bible Study Group: Sebuah Metode Sederhana Dalam Pemuridan

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of Discovery Bible Study (DBS) in groups commonly referred to as Discovery Groups as a method of bringing life transformation and spiritual growth and moving participants to live in obedience. The research approach used was a literature study by analyzing various literatures and other relevant data sources. The findings of this study show that the Discovery Bible Study is able to support and contribute to the effectiveness of forming Fellowship and Prayer, creating Accountability (Responsibility), increasing people's Understanding of God's Word through the process of self-discovery, and motivating people or participants to live in Obedience in transforming, sharing, and discipling others.

Implikasi Penggunaan Metode Akuntansi Hijau dalam Praktik Bisnis: Tinjauan Terhadap Keberlanjutan Lingkungan dan Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan

The study delves into the significance of green accounting methods within the framework of environmental sustainability and financial performance of companies across diverse sectors. Its aim is to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of implementing these methods on the correlation between sustainable business practices and financial performance of companies. With a focus on integrating green accounting into business strategies, this research explores its implications on profitability, liquidity, and organizational growth. The research methodology adopted employs a qualitative approach through meticulous analysis of literature. The steps encompass identifying the appropriate scope, selecting relevant data sources, conducting descriptive analyses, critically evaluating the authenticity of the literature used, and compiling and interpreting the findings. The research findings indicate that consistent use of green accounting has a positive impact on a company's financial performance. However, challenges related to established economic paradigms and the need for consistent definitions in the context of sustainable development remain obstacles. The amalgamation of social and environmental responsibilities in business decision-making holds significant potential for enhancing environmental management efficiency and financial performance of companies. Overall, green accounting practices promise a substantial influence in creating sustainable business models, demanding a shift in perspective and broader implementation.

Kebijakan Zero Draft COC Indonesia Dalam Mediasi Konflik Di Laut Cina Selatan

This article aims to analyze Indonesia's conflict mediation capabilities in the South China Sea. The problem is focused on Indonesia's Zero Draft Code policy in providing mediation direction through the outline of various draft agreements or agreements or agreements. To approach this problem, references to public policy theory, mediation, conflict and threats are used. The data is collected through official Indonesian government documents related to COC policy in the South China Sea, such as official statements, regulations, decisions, or other related documents. In addition, academic publications such as articles, journals, or research reports discussing Indonesia's COC policy in mediating conflicts in the South China Sea can be a source of relevant data and qualitative analysis. The results and findings in this study explain that the developing conflict has encouraged Indonesia to mediate through negotiation and the formulation of a code of ethics or zero draft code as a reference in encouraging the behavior of each country in conflict. Indonesia has an interest in maintaining regional stability in Southeast Asia. The study concluded that ASEAN member states in conflict with China agreed to the code of conduct, although China has not agreed given the US involvement in the conflict.

Analysis of Potential Sectors in Tanimbar Islands Regency

Tanimbar Islands Regency, as one of the archipelagic regions in Indonesia, has rich economic potential. However, this potential has not been fully explored and utilized. The study of potential sector analysis in this district is important because it can provide a more in-depth view of economic opportunities that can be developed, contribute to local economic growth, and improve community welfare. This study aims to analyze potential sectors in Tanimbar Islands Regency. The main objective is to identify economic sectors that have potential for further development. In addition, this research also aims to understand the factors that influence economic potential in this district, as well as provide a baseline of information that can be used for future economic development planning. The research method involves collecting secondary data, such as economic statistical data, agricultural data, fisheries data, and other relevant data sources. Data analysis was conducted using statistical tools and economic data analysis techniques. In addition, the research also involved field surveys and interviews with local stakeholders to gain a deeper insight into potential sectors. The results of this study identified several potential sectors in Tanimbar Islands Regency, including agriculture, fisheries, tourism and human resource development. In addition, factors such as accessibility, infrastructure and capitalization also play an important role in the development of these sectors. With the right efforts, these sectors have the potential to contribute significantly to economic growth and improved welfare of the local community. The potential sector analysis study in Tanimbar Islands Regency highlights the economic opportunities that can be optimized to support the development of this area. By understanding the factors that influence economic potential, authorities can direct resources and development efforts more efficiently. By developing these potential sectors, it is expected to create employment opportunities, increase community income, and stimulate sustainable economic growth in Tanimbar Islands Regency.

Pola Asuh Ibu Karier dan Ibu Rumah Tangga terhadap Pembentukkan Akhlak Anak dalam Keluarga

This research is motivated by a phenomenon occurring in the Ciluar sub-district related to the parenting styles of working mothers and stay-at-home mothers in shaping the morals of their children. This is due to the lack of proper moral guidance and upbringing for children, resulting in children in this environment exhibiting less-than-desirable moral behavior such as drug addiction, using inappropriate language, defying their parents, neglecting religious practices, engaging in premarital sex, and enjoying unrestricted freedom without parental boundaries. These issues stem from parents not paying enough attention to their children's well-being and failing to provide them with affection and care. The role of mothers is crucial in instilling and developing their children's moral values, as children easily observe and mimic their mothers' actions. This research employs a qualitative methodology, specifically using a phenomenological approach. The aim of this study is to explore the parenting styles of working mothers and stay-at-home mothers in the Ciluar sub-district, along with the challenges they face. Relevant data sources, such as textbooks, journals, scientific magazines, and previous research findings, are utilized for this purpose. The research involves interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings of the research regarding the parenting styles of working mothers and stay-at-home mothers in terms of rule-setting, rewards and punishments, decision-making, teaching discipline, and handling disagreements indicate that they implement both democratic and authoritarian parenting styles. This choice is based on the level of child participation in determining family activities and fostering a stable family life. The authoritarian style involves the mother acting as a dictator towards the child, while the democratic style allows children to participate to some extent in family decisions. The obstacles faced by both groups of mothers in shaping their children's morals include stress management and time management.

Medicare Data Linkages for Conducting Patient-Centered Outcomes Research on Economic Outcomes.

Medicare patients and other stakeholders often make health care decisions that have economic consequences. Research on economic variables that patients have identified as important is referred to as patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) and can generate evidence that informs decision-making. Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) claims are widely used for research and are a potentially valuable resource for studying some economic variables, particularly when linked to other datasets. The aim of this study was to identify and assess the characteristics of federally funded administrative and survey data sources that can be linked to Medicare claims for conducting PCOR on some economic outcomes. A targeted internet search was conducted to identify a list of relevant data sources. A technical panel and key informant interviews were used for guidance and feedback. We identified 12 survey and 6 administrative sources of linked data for Medicare FFS beneficiaries. A majority provide longitudinal data and are updated annually. All linked sources provide some data on social determinants of health and health equity-related factors. Fifteen sources capture direct medical costs (beyond Medicare FFS payments); 5 capture indirect costs (eg, lost wages from absenteeism), and 7 capture direct nonmedical costs (eg, transportation). Linking Medicare FFS claims data to other federally funded data sources can facilitate research on some economic outcomes for PCOR. However, few sources capture direct nonmedical or indirect costs. Expanding linkages to include additional data sources, and reducing barriers to existing data sources, remain important objectives for increasing high-quality, patient-centered economic research.

Understanding the users and uses of UK Natural History Collections

UK natural science collections hold over 137 million items, an unrivalled source of data about 4.56 billion years of planetary development and hundreds of years of biological change, including the differences made by humans — but the scientific, commercial, and societal benefits of these collections are constrained by the limits of physical access, and by highly fragmented digitisation efforts with less than 10% digitally available. Following work with Frontier Economics in 2021, which showed potential for £2 billion in benefits to the UK economy from digitising all UK natural science collections, in 2022–23 the Natural History Museum London worked, with analytical support from McKinsey and Company, to understand the impact of what has already been digitised and shared by UK natural science collections — what is the demand for these data, what are they used for, and how does this deliver efficient, effective and impactful research? This study focuses on usage via the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, the largest source of relevant usage data, examining 7.6 million records from twelve UK institutions. While these UK collections data are just 0.3% of total GBIF occurrences, they are cited in 12% of peer reviewed publications citing GBIF data, showing the disproportionate impact of UK collections data and the historical, geographical, and taxonomic richness that they bring. Researchers have already benefited from more than £18 million of efficiency savings from digital UK specimen data. Data from natural science collections held in the UK are uniquely impactful resources, vital to a future in which people and planet thrive, and a step change in the pace of digitisation is needed to unlock their potential for researchers, policymakers, and society.

Therapy with direct oral anticoagulants for secondary prevention of thromboembolic events in the antiphospholipid syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials

ObjectiveAntiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterised by venous thrombosis (VT) or arterial thrombosis (AT) and/or pregnancy morbidity and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs)...

INDONESIA'S FOREIGN RELATIONS THROUGH REGIONAL AUTONOMY: EVALUATION STUDY THE SISTER CITY OF MEDAN AND PENANG IN 2010-2022

Abstract The autonomous cooperation policy between the cities of Medan and Penang was established in 1984. Since its inception, this cooperation has resulted in various mutually beneficial cooperation for both parties involved. The purpose of this study is to assess previous examples of cooperation to identify shortcomings in the programs that have been implemented. By addressing these shortcomings, future efforts can aim to limit mistakes and reduce gaps in benefits achieved. This study utilized a qualitative research approach and used Publish or Perish 8 software to identify relevant data sources for the purpose of this paper. International cooperation theory serves as a framework to assess the effectiveness of existing cooperation efforts. The findings of this research will shed light on the extent of the collaboration that has been developed such as modifying the way sister cities are around as one of the foundations in evaluating the cooperation that has been established and then analyzing and interpreting these findings in the discussion section.

Changes in the Occurrence of Five Invasive Plant Species in Different Ecosystem Types between 2009–2018 in Hungary

Modelling and analysis of spatiotemporal characteristics of plant invasion can help in mapping and predicting the spread of invasive plants. The aim of our research was to investigate the spatiotemporal variability of five common invasive plant species (Ailanthus altissima, Asclepias syriaca, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Solidago spp.) within different land cover (ecosystem)-type categories. The basis of the study was the National Geospatial Database of Invasive Plants (NGDIP) of Hungary, and the ecosystem types of the Ecosystem Map of Hungary (EMH). The GIS-based analysis of the detailed occurrence database of the invasive species (NGDIP) and the thematic land-cover (ecosystem)-type maps (EMH) examined allow us to answer the question of in which habitat types the occurrence and distribution of the given invasive plant has stagnated, decreased, or increased between 2006 and 2018. We developed a methodology with relevant data sources and demonstrated invasion variation, which can be used for future management planning and invasive biology research. Our results show that Asclepias syriaca and Robinia pseudoacacia are increasingly threatening grasslands and are also spreading more intensively in complex cultivated areas. The occurrences of Ailanthus altissima and Asclepias syriaca are declining in built-up areas due to the increasingly extreme environmental conditions of cities or modified urban planning. The spread of Solidago spp. is increasingly common in wetlands, threatening the biodiversity of floodplain (riparian) vegetation.