Relevant Codes Research Articles

Ab. No. 37 Exploring the Perceptions about Exercises Among Women With Infertility: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Although there is evidence to support the importance of exercise to improve the chances of conception, poor exercise adherence has been reported in this population. Understanding the perception of exercises will aid in designing exercise programs that may facilitate better adherence. Infertility is a rising global issue and women face greater stigma and consequences of infertility in developing countries. This qualitative study aimed to explore the perceptions about exercises among women with infertility. Methods: Face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted among twenty women with infertility aged between 18-45 years. Women with unstable physical or mental conditions were excluded. The primary investigator conducted in-depth face-to-face interviews using a validated interview guide. Data collection was continued until thematic saturation was attained. The data was managed using ATLAS ti software. Two steps were carried out for thematic data analysis. Relevant codes were grouped based on their similarity into code families. Result: Women often sought information about exercises from social media, doctors, and family members. Preferred types of exercises were brisk walking and yoga. Supportive family and facilities were the main facilitators and lack of awareness, lack of time, lack of motivation, and lack of family support were identified as barriers. Conclusion: Individual perception of health and fitness, the preferred mode of exercise, barriers, and facilitators to perform exercise should be considered before planning an exercise intervention for women with infertility. In our study, the perception of exercise practices among overweight/obese women with infertility remains understudied. Future research could focus on obese or overweight women with infertility (both in rural and urban settings) as it would provide unique perspectives about their perception of exercise Implications: This study warrants the necessity to implement health education and awareness programs regarding the benefits of exercise in this population.

Advancing sun glint correction in high-resolution marine UAV RGB imagery for coral reef monitoring

Sun glint presents a significant challenge in marine ecological remote sensing by obscuring valuable features of benthic communities, thus hindering accurate monitoring of these communities. More specifically, sun glint leads to inaccurate coral reef identification when it comes to utilize the high-resolution marine Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery. Despite the availability of many physical models that address this problem using ocean remote sensing satellite images, there is still a lack of effective sun glint correction solutions for high-resolution RGB imagery obtained by consumer-grade UAVs in marine ecological monitoring, particularly at the centimeter level. In this study, an innovative sun glint correction pipeline combining a Foreground Attention-based Semantic Segmentation Network (FANet) with optical flow-based pixel propagation has been proposed, aiming to achieve accurate sun glint detection and restoration of real texture of coral reefs. To further understand the inner mode of sun glint segmentation FANet model, we conduct explainable analysis to ensure that it learns the informative sun glint features and makes reliable decisions. According to the comprehensive experimental evaluation using three datasets, our FANet model exhibits accurate and effective sun glint detection, achieving an IoU range of 70.86%–83.96%. Moreover, the sun-glint free images processed by our sun glint correction method have been employed for large-scale image stitching and shallow-water coral reef habitat semantic mapping. The results demonstrate that our sun glint correction approach successfully restores the texture of coral reefs and prepares a reliable foundation for subsequent downstream applications. We believe that our method as an open-source sun glint correction solution in high-resolution marine UAV RGB images is able to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of various marine ecological remote sensing tasks at a low-cost. The relevant code can be found in https://github.com/jyqinnn/Sun-glint-correction.

Comparative study of basalt fiber and steel fiber as additives to concrete

It is widely acknowledged that Basalt Fiber (BF) and Steel Fiber (SF) concrete possess a significant characteristic of superior resistance to cracking and crack propagation. This unique ability to arrest cracks results in fiber composites having enhanced extensibility and Ts, both at the initial crack and at the ultimate stage, particularly under flexural loading. Moreover, these fibers are capable of maintaining the integrity of the matrix even after extensive cracking. This research paper delves into the mechanical properties, technologies, and applications of BF and SFs. The study involved experimental investigations using M40 grade concrete mix, and tests were conducted in accordance with recommended procedures outlined in relevant codes. The laboratory experiments included the design of cubes, beams, and cylindrical specimens with varying percentages of BF and SF concrete ranging from 0% to 1.25% (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1% and 1.25%). The obtained data was analyzed and compared with a control specimen (0% Fiber), and ultimately, the test results for BF and SF were compared. Additionally, a graphical representation was provided to illustrate the relationship between Cs, Fs, Ts, and Age i.e. 7 days and 28 days.

Advancements in base isolation for seismic mitigation: Perspectives on elastomeric and lead rubber bearings

Base isolation represents an environmentally sustainable and highly effective technique for mitigating structural responses to strong seismic forces generated by plate boundary tectonic activities. Its primary benefits include preventing structural collapse, minimizing property damage, and safeguarding human lives during severe earthquakes. This passive, energy-efficient approach is often complemented by supplementary dampers to further reduce seismic impact. This study provides a comprehensive overview of elastomeric and lead rubber isolators, covering their theoretical, experimental, and numerical aspects. The paper examines the seismic response of structures equipped with elastomeric and lead rubber bearings, including a discussion of their pros and cons. This paper presents the comparison of fixed base and rubber isolated base in SAP 2000 to assess the effectiveness of base isolation. Additionally, it presents findings from shaking table tests, relevant building codes, and practical applications, considering the impact of events beyond initial design parameters. The review delves into the historical evolution of elastomeric and lead rubber-bearing systems, offering valuable insights into their contemporary understanding. Furthermore, the paper introduces three-dimensional isolators designed to attenuate ground motion responses in both horizontal and vertical directions. It investigates the effects of soil-structure interaction and evaluates isolator responses under blast and impact aircraft loading conditions. Notably, specific types of bearings exhibit exceptional energy dissipation capabilities during catastrophic seismic events, leading to reduced floor acceleration and inter-storey sway at critical levels. In conclusion, the study offers future recommendations and identifies potential constraints in this field

Experimental Investigation into the Impact of Substituting Natural Sand with Manufactured Sand in Landfill Construction

There is a lower requirement for river sand in construction because of a number of logistical and environmental problems. In response to these issues, alternative materials are being increasingly recognized by the construction field progressively M. Sand, derived from the mining and processing of rocks that is a low-particle-size substitute to natural sand which demonstrates potential. Amongst its numerous applications are surface polishing, prefabricated cement components, hollow block development, and lightweight component production. Practitioners and researchers both have been giving special attention on the usage of M. sand in the last few years. This has led to further study into its suitability for replacing river sand in concrete production. The formulation of concrete blends using M. Sand has been made possible through various mix designs developed according to relevant design codes such as IS codes. An assessment of the mechanical properties and structural performance -of concrete containing M. Sand has been conducted using cubes, cylinders, and beams compared to traditional natural sand concrete. As a result of these tests, the compressive, flexural, and tensile strength properties of M. Sand and M. Sand can be compared, suggesting M. Sand has similar properties. Concrete construction applications can utilize sand as an environmentally sustainable and viable alternative to natural-river sand, thereby addressing sustainability concerns and resource scarcity concerns.

Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality of Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis in Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare form of vasculitis with multiorgan involvement. The incidence and prevalence of EGPA vary geographically and ethnically. This study investigated the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of EGPA in a nationwide population-based cohort in Korea. This retrospective cohort study used data from the National Health Insurance database that covers almost all Korean residents. EGPA was identified using relevant diagnostic codes from 2007 to 2018. Newly diagnosed EGPA cases since 2007 and patients who visited outpatient clinics for EGPA at least three times were included. Age- and sex-adjusted standardized incidence and prevalence rates were analyzed. A total of 843 patients with EGPA were identified. The mean annual standardized incidence between 2007 and 2018 was 1.2 (per 1,000,000 individuals). The incidence of EGPA has increased from 1.1 (per 1,000,000 individuals) in 2007 to 1.6 (per 1,000,000 individuals) in 2017. The standardized prevalence of EGPA has increased from 1.1(per 1,000,000 individuals) in 2007 to 11.2 (per 1,000,000 individuals) in 2018. The incidence and prevalence of EGPA were higher in women than in men. The standardized mortality rate was 1.61 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34-1.93) in total population, 1.59 (95% CI, 1.23-2.02) in males, and 1.63 (95% CI, 1.22-2.13) in females. The incidence of EGPA has increased over the past decade. Incidence and prevalence rates were higher in females than in males. The overall mortality rate associated with EGPA was higher than that in the general population.

Establishing a safe pediatric surgery day unit: Process, procedures, and performance

Abstract Background: Ambulatory surgery for babies and infants is commonly practiced worldwide. There are no reports on this special service from the UAE. A Pediatric Surgery Day Unit (PSDU) has been in operation at Danat Al Emarat Hospital Women and Children since the hospital opened in 2016. Objective: To describe the day-to-day structure and functioning of the PSDU, the technical aspects of the four main procedures delivered (Circumcision, Release of Tongue Tie, Excision of Umbilical Granuloma, and Excision of Accessory Digits) and the outcomes for the babies. Materials and Methods: The hospital’s Health Information System was interrogated for the relevant diagnostic and procedural codes for all babies operated between January 1st, 2016, and December 31st, 2019. Data were analyzed for basic demographics, biostatistics, procedures performed, and follow-up encounters. Results: The PSDU has a core team, including a coordinator/scheduler, one practical nurse, two staff nurses, and two surgeons. Up to 10 sessions are offered per week, and out-of-hours cover is provided for emergencies or advice on a 24/7 basis. A total of 5262 medical records were examined and data on 3891 procedures for 3801 babies were analyzed. Babies of 68 nationalities were operated and 65% were local Emirati. Circumcision was performed at a median age of 16 days and a weight of 3.5 kg. Bleeding occurred in 1.4% and retention of the ring occurred in 1%. Significant factors associated with bleeding are age, weight, and ring size. There is no difference in bleeding rates between surgeons. There is a learning curve for the technique. Retention of the ring on the glans is associated with the size of ring chosen and retention rates vary significantly between surgeons. The remaining procedures were performed without complication, giving an overall adverse event rate of 2.75%. Conclusion: A well-structured and consistently staffed PSDU results in a safe and effective service.

Determination of the Strength Characteristics of Sporosarcinal -PasteuriiConcrete

The strength characteristics ofSporosarcinal Pasteuriiconcrete (S. Pasteurii concrete)was investigated.To achieve this aim, the suitability of the materials used for concrete specimens weretested before the compressive, tensile and flexural strength of the S.Pasteurii concrete was investigated.Bacteria concentration of 0, 0.5, 2, 4 and 6OD was mix with the concrete. The water cement ratio adapted was 0.5.For the compressive strength, three cubes of size 150 x 150 x150mm was crushed for each curing day of 1, 3, 7,14, 28 and 56 days. The average compressive strength was obtained as the compressive strength of the concrete at eachcuring age. For the split tensile strength, three cylindrical specimen of size 100mm x 200mm was used at each day to obtain the strength at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The average tensile strength was obtained and for the flexural strength, three beam samples of 100 x 100 x 450mm was used at each curing day of 7, 14, 21 and 28days to obtain the average flexural strength.All the properties of the materials used for the concrete production met the standard requirement of the relevant code of practice. The compressive, tensile and flexural strength of S. Pasteurii concrete was improved in comparison with the control concrete. The percentage increase of the compressive strength at 28days are 17.76%, 19.72%, 25% and 4.04% for 0.5OD, 2OD, 4OD and 6OD respectively.The highest tensile strength was increased by 16.24% and obtained when 0.5OD bacteria concentration was used and cured for 14days. The flexural strength of S. Pasteurii concrete was improved by 44.44%, 8.89%,47.40% and 8.52% for 0.5OD, 2OD,4OD and 6OD respectively at 28 day of curing.

Various Alternatives in Flexible Pavement Design and their Suitability

Abstract: The road network of about 63.3 lakh Km in India is the second largest in the world. Mostly Flexible pavement construction had been adopted but over last decade, emphasis is made to build long lasting pavement and hence Concrete Pavements have got more adoptability. All pavements are designed in accordance with the relevant codes. However, in order to make road infrastructure more economical by virtue of utilization of various recycled materials, greater flexibility is available in terms of design. However, this requires a thorough understanding of the genesis of various design types, their suitability under various site conditions and also availability of construction materials and technologies. This paper is intended to make an overview of such attempts and studies that may act as an extended guide for pavement engineers and designers. An attempt will be made to study the life cycle cost of different pavements

A Predictive Model of Failure to Rescue After Thoracolumbar Fusion.

Although failure to rescue (FTR) has been utilized as a quality-improvement metric in several surgical specialties, its current utilization in spine surgery is limited. Our study aims to identify the patient characteristics that are independent predictors of FTR among thoracolumbar fusion (TLF) patients. Patients who underwent TLF were identified using relevant diagnostic and procedural codes from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database from 2011-2020. Frailty was assessed using the risk analysis index (RAI). FTR was defined as death, within 30 days, following a major complication. Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to compare baseline characteristics and early postoperative sequelae across FTR and non-FTR cohorts. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the discriminatory accuracy of the frailty-driven predictive model for FTR. The study cohort (N = 15,749) had a median age of 66 years (interquartile range, 15 years). Increasing frailty, as measured by the RAI, was associated with an increased likelihood of FTR: odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) is RAI 21-25, 1.3 [0.8-2.2]; RAI 26-30, 4.0 [2.4-6.6]; RAI 31-35, 7.0 [3.8-12.7]; RAI 36-40, 10.0 [4.9-20.2]; RAI 41- 45, 21.5 [9.1-50.6]; RAI ≥ 46, 45.8 [14.8-141.5]. The frailty-driven predictive model for FTR demonstrated outstanding discriminatory accuracy (C-statistic = 0.92; CI, 0.89-0.95). Baseline frailty, as stratified by type of postoperative complication, predicts FTR with outstanding discriminatory accuracy in TLF patients. This frailty-driven model may inform patients and clinicians of FTR risk following TLF and help guide postoperative care after a major complication.

Data Privacy Practices of Private Higher Education Institutions in Malaysia: A Preliminary Study

Private higher education institutions as data users are subjected to the requirements of the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (PDPA). These institutions process employee data as well as data of potential students, active students and alumni. They also deal with data of third parties such as vendors, visitors and contractors. Ten years after the coming into effect of the PDPA in 2013, the education sector has yet to develop their personal data protection code of practice as required by the Act. The General Code of Practice (CoP) of Personal Data Protection was introduced in December 2022 with the objective to provide guidelines to the Class of Data Users who have not prepared a Code of Practice and there is no data user forum to develop the relevant Code of Practice for the Class of Data Users. As the General CoP is legally binding, it is an offence punishable under the Act for any data user for failure to comply with any provision of this General CoP. As data users, private higher education institutions need to introduce certain mechanisms to adhere to the requirements such as privacy policy and procedure. This paper aims to compare the data privacy practices of private higher education institutions in Malaysia in order to determine to what extent the law has been complied with. Being a qualitative study, this paper applies content analysis technique. Data privacy policies of four private higher education institutions in Malaysia were examined to attain the objective. The four private higher education institutions are Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Taylor’s University and University of Nottingham Malaysia. The data privacy policies of the four institutions are accessible on the official website of the institutions. The study indicates that in the absence of a personal data protection code of practice for the education sector as a guideline, the data privacy practices of the institutions vary from one to another. While some of the privacy policies contain provisions which are general in nature which may lead to confusion to the data subjects, the data privacy policies show that the four institutions have, to a certain extent, complied with the requirements of the PDPA in general.

Associations Between Autoimmune Disease and the Development of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

The pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) likely implicates the dysregulation of immune response pathways. Several studies demonstrate that the pathogenic elements of AMD resemble those of autoimmune diseases, yet the association between AMD development and most autoimmune diseases remain unexplored. We conducted a case-control analysis of patients ages 55 and older with new-onset International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding of dry, wet, or unspecified AMD between 2005 and 2019 in the Merative MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Databases. The diagnosis of an autoimmune disease was defined by an outpatient or inpatient claim with a relevant ICD code in the 12months before the index visit. Conditional multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for AMD risk factors, was used to calculate odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals. We identified 415,027 cases with new-onset ICD coding for AMD matched with propensity scores to 414,853 controls. In total, 16.1% of cases and 15.9% of controls were diagnosed with any autoimmune disease. The diagnosis of any autoimmune disease did not affect the odds of new-onset ICD coding for AMD in multivariable regression (OR = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.999-1.02). Discoid lupus erythematosus (OR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.12-1.48), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (OR = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.15-1.27), giant cell arteritis (OR = 1.19; 95% CI, 1.09-1.30), Sjogren's syndrome (OR = 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09-1.26), and Crohn's disease (OR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.06-1.22) increased the odds of a new-onset ICD coding for AMD. Most autoimmune diseases do not affect the odds of developing AMD but several common autoimmune disorders such as SLE and Crohn's disease were associated with modestly increased odds of AMD. Further studies are needed to validate and investigate the underlying mechanisms of these associations.

Building a Cohort of Transgender and Nonbinary Patients from the Electronic Medical Record.

Purpose: Sexual orientation, gender identity, and sex recorded at birth (SOGI) have been routinely excluded from demographic data collection tools, including in electronic medical record (EMR) systems. We assessed the ability of adding structured SOGI data capture to improve identification of transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) patients compared to using only International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes and text mining and comment on the ethics of these cohort formation methods. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review to classify patient gender at a single institution using ICD-10 codes, structured SOGI data, and text mining for patients presenting for care between March 2019 and February 2021. We report each method's overall and segmental positive predictive value (PPV). Results: We queried 1,530,154 EMRs from our institution. Overall, 154,712 contained relevant ICD-10 diagnosis codes, SOGI data fields, or text mining terms; 2964 were manually reviewed. This multipronged approach identified a final 1685 TGNB patient cohort. The initial PPV was 56.8%, with ICD-10 codes, SOGI data, and text mining having PPV of 99.2%, 47.9%, and 62.2%, respectively. Conclusion: This is one of the first studies to use a combination of structured data capture with keyword terms and ICD codes to identify TGNB patients. Our approach revealed that although structured SOGI documentation was <10% in our health system, 1343/1685 (79.7%) of TGNB patients were identified using this method. We recommend that health systems promote patient EMR documentation of SOGI to improve health and wellness among TGNB populations, while centering patient privacy.

Chaos Theory And Accounting Process

The financial reporting process has a chaotic structure due to the complexity it contains. The root cause of this chaotic structure in the accounting process system stems from the dynamics of data flows. While recording financial events, the accounting system uses different account codes, and in doing so, processes the data flow at different points in time into the relevant account codes within a certain systematic framework. The existence of the connections required by accounting theory between these account codes brings the process of recording each financial event to a chaotic structure, where an insignificant variable in the initial conditions of the process leads to unpredictable results in the final analysis, for the practitioners of the accounting profession. In this study, an approach to the accounting process is developed from the framework of chaos theory and an attempt is made to create a theoretical basis for the complexity of the accounting process for possible future academic research.

Financial Impact of a Radiology Safety Net Program for Resolution of Clinically Necessary Follow-up Imaging Recommendations

ObjectiveHealth care safety net (SN) programs can potentially improve patient safety and decrease risk associated with missed or delayed follow-up care, although they require financial resources. This study aimed to assess whether the revenue generated from completion of clinically necessary recommendations for additional imaging (RAI) made possible by an IT-enabled SN program could fund the required additional labor resources. MethodsClinically necessary RAI generated October 21, 2019, to September 24, 2021, were tracked to resolution as of April 13, 2023. A new radiology SN team worked with existing schedulers and care coordinators, performing chart review and patient and provider outreach to ensure RAI resolution. We applied relevant Current Procedural Terminology, version 4 codes of the completed imaging examinations to estimate total revenue. Coprimary outcomes included revenue generated by total performed examinations and estimated revenue attributed to SN involvement. We used Student’s t test to compare the secondary outcome, RAI time interval, for higher versus lower revenue-generating modalities. ResultsIn all, 24% (3,243) of eligible follow-up recommendations (13,670) required SN involvement. Total estimated revenue generated by performed recommended examinations was $6,116,871, with $980,628 attributed to SN. Net SN-generated revenue per 1.0 full-time equivalent was an estimated $349,768. Greatest proportion of performed examinations were cross-sectional modalities (CT, MRI, PET/CT), which were higher revenue-generating than non-cross-sectional modalities (x-ray, ultrasound, mammography), and had shorter recommendation time frames (153 versus 180 days, P < .001). DiscussionThe revenue generated from completion of RAI facilitated by an IT-enabled quality and safety program supplemented by an SN team can fund the required additional labor resources to improve patient safety. Realizing early revenue may require 5 to 6 months postimplementation.

Developing a computable phenotype for glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor, and thus it is important to be able to identify patients with this diagnosis for population studies. However, this can be challenging as diagnostic codes are nonspecific. The aim of this study was to create a computable phenotype (CP) for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) from structured and unstructured data to identify patients with this condition in a large electronic health record (EHR). We used the University of Florida (UF) Health Integrated Data Repository, a centralized clinical data warehouse that stores clinical and research data from various sources within the UF Health system, including the EHR system. We performed multiple iterations to refine the GBM-relevant diagnosis codes, procedure codes, medication codes, and keywords through manual chart review of patient data. We then evaluated the performances of various possible proposed CPs constructed from the relevant codes and keywords. We underwent six rounds of manual chart reviews to refine the CP elements. The final CP algorithm for identifying GBM patients was selected based on the best F1-score. Overall, the CP rule "if the patient had at least 1 relevant diagnosis code and at least 1 relevant keyword" demonstrated the highest F1-score using both structured and unstructured data. Thus, it was selected as the best-performing CP rule. We developed and validated a CP algorithm for identifying patients with GBM using both structured and unstructured EHR data from a large tertiary care center. The final algorithm achieved an F1-score of 0.817, indicating a high performance, which minimizes possible biases from misclassification errors.

Is there a legal and ethical duty on doctors to inform patients of the likely co-payment costs should they be treated by practitioners who have contracted out of medical scheme rates?

A hypothetical scenario is presented in which a female patient is admitted to a private hospital to undergo a mastectomy and breast reconstruction. The surgeons and anaesthetists conducting the different procedures charge three times the medical aid rates. When the patient asks what the co-payments are likely to be, she is informed by the doctors’ accounts section that they can only provide this information after each procedure. The patient’s medical scheme also advises her that it cannot determine the likely co-payments unless she completes the assessment form sent to her. The form requires her to include the costs reflected against the relevant ICD10 codes. The patient cannot complete the form because the doctors’ accounts sections have not informed her about the proposed procedures and the likely costs of each. This article builds on a previous article discussing doctors’ overarching responsibility to disclose medical treatment costs in advance. The present article outlines the legal requirements in the South African Constitution, the National Health Act and the Health Professions Act, and refers to the Promotion of Access to Information Act and Consumer Protection Act. Similar to the earlier article, this article addresses the ethical requirements of the Health Professions Council of South Africa and the internationally recognised biomedical ethical principles. Furthermore, it also refers to the National Patients Charter, the government’s policy document on health care services.

Prevalence of lifestyle-related behavioral information in claims data in the U.S.

ObjectiveGiven their association with varying health risks, lifestyle-related behaviors are essential to consider in population-level disease prevention. Health insurance claims are a key source of information for population health analytics, but the availability of lifestyle information within claims data is unknown. Our goal was to assess the availability and prevalence of data items that describe lifestyle behaviors across several domains within a large U.S. claims database. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, descriptive analysis to determine the availability of the following claims-derived lifestyle domains: nutrition, eating habits, physical activity, weight status, emotional wellness, sleep, tobacco use, and substance use. To define these domains, we applied a serial review process with three physicians to identify relevant diagnosis and procedure codes within claims for each domain. We used enrollment files and medical claims from a large national U.S. health plan to identify lifestyle relevant codes filed between 2016 and 2020. We calculated the annual prevalence of each claims-derived lifestyle domain and the proportion of patients by count within each domain. ResultsApproximately half of all members within the sample had claims information that identified at least one lifestyle domain (2016 = 41.9%; 2017 = 46.1%; 2018 = 49.6%; 2019 = 52.5%; 2020 = 50.6% of patients). Most commonly identified domains were weight status (19.9–30.7% across years), nutrition (13.3–17.8%), and tobacco use (7.9–9.8%). ConclusionOur study demonstrates the feasibility of using claims data to identify key lifestyle behaviors. Additional research is needed to confirm the accuracy and validity of our approach and determine its use in population-level disease prevention.

Enhancing source code retrieval with joint Bi-LSTM-GNN architecture: A comparative study with ChatGPT-LLM

Retrieving relevant source code from large repositories is a significant and ongoing challenge in the field of software engineering, primarily due to the vast and ever-expanding amount of available code. Existing deep learning methods, although effective to some extent, exhibit limitations in capturing the intricate and complex structural information embedded within source code, which hinders their ability to provide highly accurate retrieval results. This study endeavors to tackle this prominent issue by introducing a novel and innovative approach known as the Joint Bi-directional LSTM and Graph Neural Networks (JBLG) model for source code retrieval. The central aim is to harness the combined strengths and capabilities of Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to significantly enhance the model’s capacity to capture and interpret the complex structural characteristics intrinsic to source code. The proposed JBLG model employs a unique fusion of Bi-directional LSTM, which excels in capturing sequential and temporal dependencies within code, and GNN, which is adept at modeling the intricate graph structure of the code. By leveraging this hybrid architecture, the model aims to provide a comprehensive and highly effective solution for source code retrieval tasks. To assess the efficacy of the JBLG model, extensive experiments are conducted, and the model’s performance is evaluated against well-established benchmarks, including LSTM, GNN, and ChatGPT, using two diverse datasets: CodeSearchNet and CosBench datasets. These evaluations span multiple programming languages, ensuring a comprehensive and robust assessment of the model’s capabilities. The experimental results indicate that the JBLG model consistently outperforms its counterparts, including Bi-LSTM, GNN, ChatGPT, and DGMS, across various evaluation metrics. the JBLG model showcases an exceptional ability to handle and extract the intricate structural information inherent in source code, resulting in significantly enhanced retrieval accuracy. The JBLG model emerges as a highly promising solution for real-world source code retrieval applications, with the potential to revolutionize the field. The success of this model underscores the importance of combining deep learning techniques like Bi-directional LSTM and GNNs for tackling complex software engineering challenges. Furthermore, future research directions could involve exploring advanced techniques such as attention mechanisms and extending the model’s applicability to other software engineering tasks like code summarization and code completion. The findings of this study are expected to have a lasting impact on the advancement of source code retrieval methodologies.

GBDT_KgluSite: An improved computational prediction model for lysine glutarylation sites based on feature fusion and GBDT classifier

BackgroundLysine glutarylation (Kglu) is one of the most important Post-translational modifications (PTMs), which plays significant roles in various cellular functions, including metabolism, mitochondrial processes, and translation. Therefore, accurate identification of the Kglu site is important for elucidating protein molecular function. Due to the time-consuming and expensive limitations of traditional biological experiments, computational-based Kglu site prediction research is gaining more and more attention.ResultsIn this paper, we proposed GBDT_KgluSite, a novel Kglu site prediction model based on GBDT and appropriate feature combinations, which achieved satisfactory performance. Specifically, seven features including sequence-based features, physicochemical property-based features, structural-based features, and evolutionary-derived features were used to characterize proteins. NearMiss-3 and Elastic Net were applied to address data imbalance and feature redundancy issues, respectively. The experimental results show that GBDT_KgluSite has good robustness and generalization ability, with accuracy and AUC values of 93.73%, and 98.14% on five-fold cross-validation as well as 90.11%, and 96.75% on the independent test dataset, respectively.ConclusionGBDT_KgluSite is an effective computational method for identifying Kglu sites in protein sequences. It has good stability and generalization ability and could be useful for the identification of new Kglu sites in the future. The relevant code and dataset are available at https://github.com/flyinsky6/GBDT_KgluSite.