Water Vapor Release Research Articles

Digestibility, efficiency and other metabolic effects of dietary rapeseed oil in rats.

Rats were fed diets containing 60 cal% rapeseed oil (RSO) or sunflowerseed oil (SSO) for periods up to 64 weeks. When the animals were allowed to eat <i>ad libitum, </i>the food consumption in the RSO group was significantly lower than in the SSO group. It was shown that the RSO diet is less readily digested than the SSO diet. This is due solely to the lower digestion coefficient of the RSO and of its erucic acid fraction in particular, which can be explained by its chain length. The digestion coefficient of the non-fat calories is equal in both groups. The digestion capacity is not a limiting factor in RSO digestion. The absorbed erucic acid is almost totally metabolized. Rats fed a RSO-containing diet utilize the digested calories less efficiently than animals offered an SSO diet. Moreover, their oxygen consumption and water-vapour release are higher. It is assumed that the lower efficiency of the RSO diet is caused by a slightly uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation and a greater heat increment.

Velocity Divergence of Hot Gases as Affected by Water-Vapor Release

Velocity Divergence of Hot Gases as Affected by Water-Vapor Release

Responses of Mosquitoes and Stable Flies to a Man in a Light-Weight Rubber Diving Suit

Observations were made on the rates at which mosquitoes ( Aedes spp.) and stable flies ( Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)) in an experimental chamber landed on a subject wearing a lightweight rubber diving suit which prevented the release of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and odors into the environment. In some tests dry or moist white suits were worn over the diving suit, and in half the tests carbon dioxide was discharged over the subject. and a dummy, which was used to determine the standard landing rate. Aede aegypti (L.) was very active even when no one was in the room and responded readily to the subject in the diving suit. Exposition of the hands increased the number of landings, whereas exposition of the face either failed to increase or actually decreased the landing rate. Aedes taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann) was less active when no one was in the room. The number of landings on the dummy was always low, and few mosquitoes landed on the subject unless the hands and face were exposed or carbon dioxide was released. Stomoxys calcitrans was moderately active, but responded to the subject only when the face of the subject was exposed or when a soiled suit was worn over the diving suit. Carbon dioxide had little stimulating effect on this species.

A new type of water-vapour replenisher and its application to a t.r. switch

A low-pressure water-vapour replenisher is described for use in a t.r. switch. The water-vapour pressure exerted by the replenisher is sensibly constant over the temperature range −20°C to + 120°C.Measurements of the physical properties of the replenisher are discussed with reference to the theory of adsorption advanced by Polanyi. The observed change in these properties when an electrodeless gas discharge is excited in the same vacuum enclosure, but remote from the replenisher, is described, using various rare gases to support the discharge. Release of water vapour from the replenisher under these conditions is attributed to the action of metastable atoms at the adsorbed water-vapour layers.The use of the replenisher in a t.r. switch led to a switch having a long life and short recovery time, once some problems of isolation of the replenisher from the d.c. and r.f. gas discharges had been overcome.