Release Of Vitamin D3 Research Articles

Vitamin D3 Release from MgO Doped 3D Printed TCP Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration.

Regenerating bone tissue in critical-sized craniofacial bone defects remains challenging and requires the implementation of innovative bone implants with early stage osteogenesis and blood vessel formation. Vitamin D3 is incorporated into MgO-doped 3D-printed scaffolds for defect-specific and patient-specific implants in low load-bearing areas. This novel bone implant also promotes early stage osteogenesis and blood vessel development. Our results show that vitamin D3-loaded MgO-doped 3D-printed scaffolds enhance osteoblast cell proliferation 1.3-fold after being cultured for 7 days. Coculture studies on osteoblasts derived from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteoclasts derived from monocytes show the upregulation of genes related to osteoblastogenesis and the downregulation of RANK-L, which is essential for osteoclastogenesis. Release of vitamin D3 also inhibits osteoclast differentiation by 1.9-fold after a 21-day culture. After 6 weeks, vitamin D3 release from MgO-doped 3D-printed scaffolds enhances the new bone formation, mineralization, and angiogenic potential. The multifunctional 3D-printed scaffolds can improve early stage osteogenesis and blood vessel formation in craniofacial bone defects.

Development of arachin and basil seed gum composite gels for the encapsulation and controlled release of vitamin D3

In this study, the textural and rheological properties of arachin and basil seed gum composite gels (ABG) were successfully regulated by the addition of sodium chloride (NaCl) and transglutaminase (TGase). The texture profile analysis (TPA) results showed that the hardness and springiness of the ABG were significantly enhanced by adding TGase (p < 0.05). Particularly, the composite gel added with NaCl first and subsequently crosslinked by TGase (ABG-Na+-TG) showed a higher hardness value of 186.0 ± 6.1 g. ABG-Na+-TG showed a higher amplitude of strain with lower compliance in the creep and recovery test and exhibited a better elastic behavior. These composite gels were employed as new delivery systems to encapsulate and deliver vitamin D3 (VD3). ABG-Na+-TG showed a higher VD3 encapsulation efficiency of 91.7 % and a better protection of VD3 under different temperatures or UV light, as well as an improved storage stability of VD3. Furthermore, the release of VD3 in the simulated gastric digestion could be controlled by ABG-Na+-TG and the bioaccessibility after digestion was 32.9 %. These results suggest that ABG-Na+-TG can be utilized as a promising delivery system of VD3.

Enzyme immunoassay of vitamin d3 metabolites

We report herein improved version of the synthesis of hapten based on cholecalciferol and its active metabolite 25-hydroxycholecalcalferol. The methodology of obtaining high-molecular immunogenic conjugates of vitamin D3 derivatives with bovine serum albumin and horseradish peroxidase conjugates for direct ELISA was optimized. Immunisation of rabbits was carried out and polyclonal antibodies to 25-hydroxycholecalceferol were obtained and tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To improve the accuracy of the method, the sample preparation procedure was optimized, including the release of vitamin D3 and its active metabolites from complexes with vitamin D-binding protein.

Effects of vitamin D3 release from 3D printed calcium phosphate scaffolds on osteoblast and osteoclast cell proliferation for bone tissue engineering.

Vitamin D3 is a hydrophobic micronutrient and is known for inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption in vivo via suppression of the Receptor Activator of Nuclear factor-Kappa B (RANK ligand) expression in osteoblasts. Although vitamin D is well-known for its promotion in bone health, little is known on its effects directly on bone cells. The objective of this study was to understand the effects of vitamin D3 release from 3D printed calcium phosphate scaffolds towards bone cell proliferation. In this study, cholecalciferol, a common intake form of vitamin D3, was successfully able to release from the scaffold matrix via the use of polyethylene glycol. Results showed a decrease in osteoclast resorption pits and healthier osteoblast cellular morphology compared to the control. Additively manufactured tricalcium phosphate scaffolds with designed porosity were loaded with vitamin D3 and showed controlled release profiles in phosphate buffer and acetate buffer solutions. The release kinetics of vitamin D3 from calcium phosphate scaffolds enabling osteoblast proliferation and inhibiting osteoclastic resorption can enhance healing for low load bearing applications for bone defects or permeate voids left by tumor resection.

Carboxymethyl chitosan–soy protein complex nanoparticles for the encapsulation and controlled release of vitamin D3

In this study, complex nanoparticles were developed from carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and soy protein isolate (SPI) by a simple ionic gelation method. The effect of Ca2+ concentration, pH and CMCS/SPI mass ratio on the formation of nanoparticles was systematically investigated. Vitamin D3 (VD), a hydrophobic micronutrient, was successfully incorporated into the polymeric complex, forming particles with sizes between 162 and 243nm and zeta potentials ranging from −10 to −20mV. In comparison with CMCS, the CMCS/SPI complex required a lower concentration of Ca2+, and it showed better particle forming capability over a broad range of pH. These features resulted in an increased loading efficiency to 6.06%. In addition, the complex nanoparticles achieved significantly higher encapsulation efficiency (up to 96.8%), possibly due to their compact structure and high capability of hydrogen bonding evidenced by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In contrast to the ones prepared with SPI, the complex nanoparticles exhibited a reduced (42.3% compared to 86.1%) release of VD in simulated gastric fluid and an increased (36.0% compared to 8.2%) release under simulated intestinal condition. These characteristics made the CMCS/SPI complex nanoparticles an attractive candidate for the encapsulation and controlled release of hydrophobic nutraceuticals and bioactives.

Deposition in and release of vitamin D3 from body fat: evidence for a storage site in the rat.

Vitamin D in all body tissues was radio-labeled by supplementing completely vitamin D-deficient weanling rats with oral vitamin D(3)-4-(14)C for 2 wk. All vitamin D was then withheld, and radioactivity and vitamin D content in a variety of organs and tissues were measured. Adipose tissue was found to contain by far the greatest quantity of radioactivity throughout the 3 month experimental period. Immediately after supplementation, half of the total radioactivity in adipose tissue corresponded to unaltered vitamin D(3), and the other half to polar metabolites and esters of vitamin D(3) and unidentified peak II. 1 month later there was approximately the same proportion but a decrease in the total quantity of each form. We conclude that adipose tissue is the major storage site for vitamin D(3) in its several forms. Unaltered vitamin D(3) was the principal storage form observed and presumably a source available for conversion to other metabolites during deprivation.