Release Of Thyme Essential Oil Research Articles

Leveraging gas generation for Humidity-Responsive release of Thyme essential oil via nanofiber film for fresh fruits

The preservation of fruits using slow-release packaging for Thyme essential oil (THY) encounters a significant challenge associated with premature release. Therefore, the development of a controlled release system for essential oils is essential to enhance preservation and reduce wastage. This study introduces a novel humidity-responsive nanofiber film enhanced by gas generation for controlled THY release. This film can generate CO2 gas within its nanofibers in high humidity environments, facilitating the release of loaded THY. The film exhibits excellent humidity-responsive release properties and possesses notable antimicrobial and antifungal characteristics. It effectively extends the shelf life of strawberries, inhibits microbial growth, reduces weight loss, and mitigates hardness reduction. The humidity-responsive nanofiber film effectively addresses the issue of premature THY release, presenting significant potential for fruit preservation applications. Furthermore, this gas-enhanced release approach enhances the sensitivity of stimulus-responsive release, providing novel insights into the design of nanofiber-based controlled release systems.

Design of biopolymer carriers enriched with natural emulsifiers for improved controlled release of thyme essential oil.

This work aims to characterize a novel system for thyme essential oil delivery based on the combination of natural emulsifiers (soy protein and soy lecithin) and alginate, produced using the extrusion technique. The formulations are optimized concerning alginate and soy protein concentrations (both 1 to 1.5wt.%), and consequently lecithin amount, in order to achieve spherical beads in the range 2.0 to 2.3mm and 1.2 to 1.4mm, wet and dry, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared analysis was performed, proving that there are interactions between all components. Lecithin-soy protein synergistic combination improved entrapment efficiency of total polyphenols (for nearly 12%) and decreased thymol release in a simulated gastric solution for nearly 35%, in comparison with beads without lecithin. The addition of lecithin enhances the thermal properties of the polysaccharide-protein systems at 50 °Cafter 3 hr of heating. The mechanical stability of the biopolymer carriers is improved with lecithin addition and the elastic modulus varied from 80.06 to 123.7kPa, depending on the formulation. Alginate/soy protein/lecithin are effective carriers for the encapsulation, protection, and controlled release of thyme essential oil. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: There is unfortunately growing human resistance to antibiotics. This work offers a novel system for effective protection and controlled release of thyme essential oil in the small intestine. The mechanical and thermal properties of the carrier were estimated as they indicate how the beads will be able to resist stress during their incorporation into food (i.e. cookies-mixing, baking). The proposed approach offers ''green advantage'' as arises from all-natural materials.

Bioactive emulsions with beneficial antimicrobial application in textile material production

This study reports a novel application of four emulsions based on thyme essential oil-beeswax matrix with beneficial antimicrobial and induced well-being effects (e.g., aromatherapeutic patches and socks, decorative pillows) that can be used in textile materials manufacturing (e.g. bandages, dressings, patches). These emulsions were properly prepared by varying the beeswax (2–4% w/v) and essential oil (2–4% v/v) concentrations, and characterized based on several physical–chemical quality indicators (pH, density, acidity and peroxide indexes, total polyphenols, flavonoids and fatty acids). The stability of emulsions and creaming index were highlighted by optical microscopy. The release of thyme essential oil incorporated in beeswax matrix was estimated through UV/Visible spectrophotometry. The bioactive compounds (total polyphenols and flavonoids) from emulsions, applied on cotton support, are the principal responsible constituents for textile antibacterial activity, which was evaluated against two bacteria (E. coli and St. aureus). The diameter of inhibition zone referring to each bacterial strain growth ranges from 31.0 to 43.2 mm for E. coli bacteria and from 33.2 to 53.2 mm for St. aureus bacteria (due to biological active compounds release, depending on the diffusion degree). Comfort performances (hygroscopicity and vapor permeability) of the treated cotton support have also been evaluated. The obtained results recommend these bioactive emulsions with antibacterial action in textile materials production.

Novel antimicrobial packaging film based on porous poly(lactic acid) nanofiber and polymeric coating for humidity-controlled release of thyme essential oil

The objective of this work is to explore a new pathway to develop active packaging materials. Currently, controlled release materials have attracted considerable attention in food packaging applications. In this study, the thyme essential oil (TEO) was loaded in electrospinning porous poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofibers and coated with poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PVA/PEG) blends for humidity-controlled TEO release. The images of scanning electron microscope displayed uniform pores distributed on the surface of PLA nanofibers. Water contact angle measurement indicated that PVA/PEG coating provided the packaging film with excellent hydrophilicity. ATR-FTIR spectral analysis supported the chemical composition of the films. The antibacterial activities of PLA/TEO/PVA/PEG films against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus reached ＞99%. Furthermore, the weight loss and firmness of strawberries packaged with this novel film were evaluated. Finally, the in vitro release behaviors of TEO were evaluated and the results demonstrated that the release rate could be controlled by adjusting the humidity (20% RH to 80% RH).

Effect of the added polysaccharide on the release of thyme essential oil and structure properties of chitosan based film

Abstract In order to evaluate the effects of microbial polysaccharides and plant polysaccharides on the release of essential oil from chitosan-based composite films, the xanthan gum, pullulan, gum tragacanth and arabic gum were used to prepare the chitosan-thyme essential oil composite films. The results showed that the addition of four polysaccharides reduced the tensile strength and swelling degree, but increased the film solubility. The addition of arabic gum and pullulan delayed the release rate of essential oil from composite films in 95 % ethanol, but not in 50 % ethanol and distilled water. The film swelling was inconsistent with the release of essential oil in different food simulants. Chitosan-arabic gum composite films had better antifungal effect on the nectarine by the way of exposure of thymol released from the film. SEM analysis implied that four polysaccharides affected the microstructure of films. The release of essential oil could be regulated by the interaction between polysaccharides.

Effect of emulsifier hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) on the release of thyme essential oil from chitosan films

In order to investigate the effects of different hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) emulsifying agents on the physical properties, structure and release of essential oil in chitosan-essential oil composite films, the diacetyl tartaric acid ester of mono glycerides (DATEM, HLB 8–9.2), Tween 85 (HLB 11), Tween 80 (HLB 15) and Tween 20 (HLB 16.7) were used to prepare composite film. The results showed that the particle size of the essential oil in the film forming solution decreased with the increase of emulsifier HLB value. Fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscope reflected that the particle size of thyme essential oil in composite films depended on the type and HLB of emulsifier. The addition of emulsifier also decreased the water vapor permeability and tensile strength of films. However, the physical properties, the release of essential oil from films and antimicrobial activity of films were not closely related to the HLB of emulsifier, which depended on the solvent type, microbial species and the interaction between emulsifier and film matrix. Lower water vapor permeability (compared with the control film), higher elongation at break and antimicrobial activity (E.coli) were found in Tween 85 composite films, which could be optimal choice to produce active chitosan-essential oil composite films.

The relationship between odour intensity and antibacterial durability of encapsulated thyme essential oil by PPI dendrimer on cotton fabrics

The relationship between odour intensity and antibacterial properties of thyme essential oil (EO) in the presence of second generation of polypropylene Imine (PPI-G2) dendrimer as a control release agent was investigated. Odour release of thyme EO from treated fabric was measured via an electronic nose (e-nose). Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli were considered as target bacteria to evaluate the antibacterial activity of treated fabrics. Results reveal that PPI-G2 dendrimer has strong effect on antibacterial retention under washing process and exposing to the free air. Furthermore, FTIR results show the reaction between PP-G2 and thyme EO on cotton fabrics. E-nose data also indicated that PPI-G2 provided controlled release of odour from treated fabric since the rate of odour release of samples with the dendrimer was much slower than samples without the dendrimer. It was found that e-nose results correlated with antibacterial activity with correlation coefficient of r = 0.988 for samples without PPI-G2.

Preparation of halloysite nanotubes coated with Eudragit for a controlled release of thyme essential oil

ABSTRACTActive food packaging that releases active agents can extend the shelf‐life and improve the quality and safety of food products. Essential oils have been used as natural food preservatives due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti‐insect properties. However, one of the limitations of using essential oils as active agents is their high volatility. In this study, thyme essential oil, an active antioxidant agent, was encapsulated into halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) using a vacuum process to sustain the release rate and to solidify the thyme oil (TO) from a liquid state. Moreover, the TO‐loaded HNT capsules (TO/HNT capsules) were coated with Eudragit EPO polymer to avoid burst release and to prolong the release time. The morphology of the prepared samples was characterized using SEM, TEM, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis by BET method. Zeta potential and FTIR analysis were used to verify the encapsulation of the TO and the Eudragit EPO polymer coating of TO/HNT capsules. After Eudragit EPO polymer coating of TO/HNT capsules, the surface charge of the samples was converted from −17.5 ± 0.2 mV to +19.4 ± 1.5 mV. The amount of encapsulated TO was determined using a GC‐FID. Encapsulation efficiency and payload of TO/HNT capsules prepared using 26.7% (w/v) TO solution were 14.94% and 14.58%, respectively. The encapsulated TO was released in a sustained manner for 96 h. In addition, antioxidant activity of the samples was evaluated using a DPPH assay and a reducing power assay. In both two assays, the antioxidant activity of the TO/HNT capsules was increased along with the increasing concentration of TO/HNT capsules. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 42771.