Release Of Active Substances Research Articles

Development of Hybrid Implantable Local Release Systems Based on PLGA Nanoparticles with Applications in Bone Diseases.

The current strategy for treating osteomyelitis includes surgical procedures for complete debridement of the formed biofilm and necrotic tissues, systemic and oral antibiotic therapy, and the clinical use of cements and three-dimensional scaffolds as bone defect fillers and delivery systems for therapeutic agents. The aim of our research was to formulate a low-cost hybrid nanoparticulate biomaterial using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), in which we incorporated the therapeutic agent (ciprofloxacin), and to deposit this material on titanium plates using the matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) technique. The deposited material demonstrated antibacterial properties, with all analyzed samples inhibiting the growth of tested bacterial strains, confirming the release of active substances from the investigated biocomposite. The poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-ciprofloxacin (PLGA-CIP) nanoparticle scaffolds displayed a prolonged local sustained release profile over a period of 45 days, which shows great promise in bone infections. Furthermore, the burst release ensures a highly efficient concentration, followed by a constant sustained release which allows the drug to remain in the implant-adjacent area for an extended time period.

3D-Printed Plasmonic Nanocomposites: VAT Photopolymerization for Photothermal-Controlled Drug Release

Background: Gold nanoparticles can generate heat upon exposure to radiation due to their plasmonic properties, which depend on particle size and shape. This enables precise control over the release of active substances from polymeric pharmaceutical formulations, minimizing side effects and premature release. The technology of 3D printing, especially vat photopolymerization, is valuable for integrating nanoparticles into complex formulations. Method: This study aimed to incorporate gold nanospheres (AuNSs) and nanorods (AuNRs) into polymeric matrices using vat photopolymerization, allowing for controlled drug release with exposure to 532 nm and 1064 nm wavelengths. Results: The AuNSs (27 nm) responded to 532 nm and the NRs (60 nm length, 10 nm width) responded to 1064 nm. Niclosamide was used as the drug model. Ternary blends of Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate 250 (PEGDA 250), Polyethylene Glycol 400 (PEG 400), and water were optimized using DesignExpert 11 software for controlled drug release upon specific wavelength exposure. Three matrices, selected based on solubility and printability, underwent rigorous characterization. Two materials achieved controlled drug release with specific wavelengths. Bilayer devices combining AuNSs and AuNRs demonstrated selective drug release based on irradiation wavelength. Conclusions: A pharmaceutical device was developed, capable of controlling drug release upon irradiation, with potential applications in treatments requiring delayed administration.

Studies on allantoin topical formulations: in vitro drug release studies and rheological characteristics

The extent and rate of release of active substances from topical products must be sufficient to ensure their effectiveness, which depends on selecting the most appropriate formulation. This study examined allantoin emulsions and gel formulations. In water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions, the main emulsifier was varied, while the same gelling agent was used in all formulations to test the effects of oil phase presence and emulsifier type on allantoin release, as well as the formulations’ rheological and textural characteristics. O/W emulsions exhibited similar release rates and the overall amount released over six hours (11–14.8%), while the highest amount of allantoin (20.9%) was released from the gel formulation. Conversely, the amount of allantoin released from the W/O emulsion (0.77%) was insufficient. Experimental data generally fit best with the Higuchi model kinetics. The formulations demonstrated shear-thinning thixotropic behavior. The greatest deviation from the Newtonian type of flow, with the smallest value of constant n (0.106-0.13) and the largest thixotropic loop area (6602.67-8140 Pas-1) were shown by O/W emulsions. The W/O emulsion exhibited the highest constant n (0.70) and smaller hysteresis area (991.23 Pas-1). Firmness and consistency values increased in the order: gel < W/O emulsion < O/W emulsions. The O/W emulsions showed similarity in microstructure and textural characteristics, likely explaining their similar release behavior.

Dual structure on-demand release chitosan-based coating film for peach preservation

After harvest, fruits and vegetables go through the stages of storage, transportation and sales, and how to regulate the role of preservative in different stages is an urgent problem to be solved. Herein, chitosan-stearic acid is synthesized, then interacting with trans-2-hexenal (E2H) to prepare nanoclusters. Subsequently, the temperature-sensitive liposomes were designed to encase E2H by using the special temperature-responsive open-chain phospholipids, and then combined with chitosan to obtain chitosan-based coating film for peach preservation. The thermosensitive liposomes were uniformly distributed, highly dispersed and spherical, which has excellent temperature response characteristics, and the release of active substances could be regulated in the temperature range of 10 °C-40 °C to achieve the effect of on-demand release. In addition, thermosensitive liposomes also have excellent antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Therefore, the obtained chitosan-based coating could maintain the freshness of peaches, improve the quality and extend the storage period of peaches. The edible chitosan coating and active preservative prepared in this study have potential application value in responsive intelligent active packaging.

Hydrogels with Essential Oils: Recent Advances in Designs and Applications.

The innovative fusion of essential oils with hydrogel engineering offers an optimistic perspective for the design and development of next-generation materials incorporating natural bioactive compounds. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the use of hydrogels containing essential oils for biomedical, dental, cosmetic, food, food packaging, and restoration of cultural heritage applications. Polymeric sources, methods of obtaining, cross-linking techniques, and functional properties of hydrogels are discussed. The unique characteristics of polymer hydrogels containing bioactive agents are highlighted. These include biocompatibility, nontoxicity, effective antibacterial activity, control of the sustained and prolonged release of active substances, optimal porosity, and outstanding cytocompatibility. Additionally, the specific characteristics and distinctive properties of essential oils are explored, along with their extraction and encapsulation methods. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are also discussed. We have considered limitations due to volatility, solubility, environmental factors, and stability. The importance of loading essential oils in hydrogels, their stability, and biological activity is analyzed. This review highlights through an in-depth analysis, the recent innovations, challenges, and future prospects of hydrogels encapsulated with essential oils and their potential for multiple applications including biomedicine, dentistry, cosmetics, food, food packaging, and cultural heritage conservation.

Facile Preparation of Silica/Tannic Acid/Zein Microcapsules Templated from Non-Aqueous Pickering Emulsions and their Application in Cargo Protection.

Microcapsules have attracted significant attention in academia and industry due to their unique properties for protecting and controlling the release of active substances. However, based on water-insoluble biopolymers, developing a straightforward approach to prepare microcapsules with improved biocompatibility and functional shells remains a great challenge. In this study, zein, a water-insoluble protein, is employed to prepare robust microcapsules facilely using oil-in-aqueous ethanol Pickering emulsions as templates. First, the emulsion template is stabilized by hydrophobic silica nanoparticles with in situ surface modification of tannic acid. The zein is then precipitated at the interface in a controlled manner using antisolvent approach to obtain silica/tannic acid/zein (STZ) microcapsules. It is found that the concentration of zein and the presence of tannic acid played a significant role in the formation of STZ microcapsules with well-defined morphology and a robust shell. The uniform deposition of zein on the surface of template droplets is facilitated by the interactions between tannic acid and zein via hydrogen bond and electrostatic force. Finally, the resulting STZ microcapsules showed super resistance to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and high temperature for the unstable, lipophilic, and active substance of β-carotene.

Development of crosslinked gelatin films through Maillard reaction and reinforced with poly(vinyl alcohol) for active food packaging

In order to improve the functionality of natural gelatin films for active food packaging applications, a combined strategy of crosslinking via Maillard reaction and blending enhancement incorporated with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was explored. In this study, when the mass ratio of gelatin to glucose was 10:1, Maillard reaction of crosslinked gelatin films was the highest, UV absorption and browning index reached the maximum. Infrared analysis showed that PVA could form strong interfacial interactions with gelatin matrix. The presence of PVA could significantly improve the toughness, water absorption, transparency, and oxygen barrier properties of crosslinked gelatin films. When the amount of PVA reached 5 %, elongation at break and oxygen barrier properties of crosslinked gelatin films were improved by 76.7 % and 47.9 % compared with pure crosslinked gelatin film. Even when the amount of PVA reached 10 %, UV absorption (at 315 nm) of crosslinked gelatin films still exceeded 98.7 %. The addition of PVA could accelerate the dissolution and swelling of crosslinked gelatin films, promoting the migration and release of active substances (Maillard reaction products (MRPs)). The two antioxidant activities tests (DPPH and ABTS method) achieved the highest radical scavenging rates of 71.6 % and 91.2 %, respectively, with corresponding PVA addition of 5 % and 7.5 %. After continuing to add PVA, antioxidant activities began to significantly decrease, which was directly related to the decrease in the generation of MRPs. Therefore, crosslinked gelatin films reinforced with appropriate amount of PVA can be considerable potential as active films for renewable food packaging applications.

Kajian Penggunaan Matriks Pada Formulasi Tablet Lepas Lambat

This research discusses the use of matrices in sustained-release tablet formulations to optimize the active substance release profile. Extended-release tablets are a type of tablet formulation designed to release the active substance gradually in the body over a certain period of time. The main purpose of sustained-release tablets is to maintain drug levels in the blood or target area over a longer period of time, compared to conventional tablets which release the active substance quickly after ingestion. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach which aims to deepen an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon being studied. As a result, selecting the right type of matrix proves to be crucial in achieving the expected therapeutic effectiveness. Polymer matrices, both natural and synthetic, play an important role in controlling the stability and efficiency of tablets and their ability to gradually release active substances.

Formulation of nanoemulsion parijoto fruit extract (Medinilla Speciosa) with variation of tweens stabilizers.

Nanotechnology has substantial potential for development due to its ability to modify surface characteristics and particle size, facilitating enhanced absorption of functional food compounds and controlled release of active substances to mitigate adverse effects. Nanoemulsion, a stable colloidal system formed by blending oil, emulsifier, and water, was identified as nanotechnology with promising applications. However, investigations into the impact of surfactants on characteristic nanoemulsions need to be more varied. This research gap necessitated further exploration in the advancement of nanotechnology-based foods. The parijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa), an indigenous plant species in Indonesia, has yet to undergo extensive scrutiny for its potential use as a functional and nutraceutical food. Anthocyanins, a principal compound in the parijoto fruit, had exhibited efficacy in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease diabetes, demonstrating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of nanoemulsion formulations derived from parijoto fruit extract and to evaluate an optimum condition with various tween surfactants. The findings from this investigation could furnish valuable insights for the further advancement of anthocyanin nanoemulsions from parijoto fruit extract. The results comprised the characterization of nanoemulsion particle size, polydispersity index, ζ-potential, conductivity, pH, and viscosity. Through mathematical modeling and statistical methods, RSM optimizes nanoemulsion by examining the relationships and interactions between independent and response variables. Furthermore, the characterization of nanoemulsion encompassed ζ-potential, polydispersity, particle size, conductivity, pH, and viscosity. Elevated surfactant concentrations resulted in diminished particle sizes and more uniform size distribution, albeit reaching a plateau where surfactant aggregation and micelle formation ensued. Increased concentrations of surfactant type, concentration, and parijoto extract impacted the physical characteristics of nanoparticle size and polydispersity. The optimal process conditions for nanoemulsion consisting of the type of Tween used are Tween 80, Tween concentration of 12%, and parijoto fruit extract concentration of 7.5%, yielding a desirability value of 0.74, categorizing it as moderate.

Effect of active carbonyl-carboxyl ratio on dynamic Schiff base crosslinking and its modulation of high-performance oxidized starch-chitosan hydrogel by hot extrusion 3D printing

The quest to develop 3D starch-based printing hydrogels for the controlled release of active substances with excellent mechanical and printing properties has gained significant attention. This work introduced a facile method based on crosslinking via Schiff base reaction for preparing bicomponent hydrogels. The method involved the utilization of customizable oxidized starch (OS) and chitosan (CS), enabling superior printing performance through the precise control of various active carbonyl-carboxyl ratios (ACR, 2:1, 1:1, and 2:3, respectively) of OS. OS-CS hydrogel (OSC) with an ACR level of 2:1 (OS-2-y%CS) underwent rearrangement during printing environment, fostering increased Schiff base reaction with a higher crosslinking degree and robust high structural recovery (>95 %). However, with decreasing ACR levels (from 2:1 to 2:3), the printing performance and mechanical strength of printed OSC (POSC) declined due to lower Schiff base bonds and increased phase separation. Compared with printed OS, POS-2-2%CS exhibited a remarkable 1250.52 % increase in tensile strength and a substantial 2424.71 % boost in compressive strength, enhanced shape fidelity and notable self-healing properties. Moreover, POS-2-2%CS exhibited stable diffusive drug release, showing potential application in the pH-responsive release of active substances. Overall, controlling the active carbonyl-carboxyl ratios provided an efficient and manageable approach for preparing high-performance 3D-printed hydrogels.

An “intelligent-sensing and targeted release” antimicrobial pickering emulsion for banana preservation

Conventional Pickering emulsions can kill microorganisms by slow release of active substances to prevent foodborne contamination; however, their low bactericidal efficiency due to the absence of bacterial inducibility is a problem that needs to be addressed. Inspired by the fact that the growth of bacteria depends on the consumption of proteins and polysaccharides by microbial enzymes, the present study prepared a novel Pickering emulsion capable of intelligent sensing and targeted release using chitosan (CS)-soy protein isolate (SPI) colloidal particles as stabilizers and plant essential oils as active substances. The Pickering emulsion demonstrated optimal performance in achieving these goals when prepared with a CS:SPI ratio of 1:4, an oil fraction of 40%, at a homogeneous speed of 25 000 rpm, and utilizing cinnamon oil as the plant essential oil. This was evidenced by the emulsion having the smallest droplet size and the greatest stability, which can increase the chances of coming into contact with microorganisms and avoid premature demulsification. Antibacterial experiments demonstrated that the emulsion could control the bacteria-mediated release of essential oils, realizing intelligent sterilization. Experiments on banana preservation showed that the released essential oils effectively delayed banana spoilage. These findings contribute to the development of intelligent food preservation systems.

Review on Recent Advances of Sustained Release Matrix Tablet

A pharmaceutical dosage called a sustain-release matrix tablet is made to distribute drugs over a longer length of time. The design of these tablets ensures a steady and regulated release of active substances, decreasing side effects and lowering dosage frequency while maintaining therapeutic efficacy. The main features and disadvantages of sustain-release matrix tablets will be covered in detail in this review article. We have talked about a number of evaluations, including the in tablet dimensions, hardness, friability, homogeneous drug content, weight fluctuation, and swelling index. Sustained release matrix tablets are useful in a wide range of therapeutic contexts when a steady and extended release of the drug is necessary to preserve therapeutic efficacy, enhance patient compliance, and reduce adverse effects. The particular medication, the demands of the patient, and the intended therapeutic result all influence the decision to take such tablets.

Self-assembly technology engineering multi-functional slow-release packaging system with self-starting program for prolonged preservation of perishable products

The inadequacies in the release kinetics of extant active packaging films and coatings present formidable challenges in addressing issues pertaining to food waste and food safety, particularly in the context of microbial infections that occur during the storage and transportation of food. In response to this pressing challenge, this work pioneered an innovative multifunctional packaging system, distinguished by its autonomous and sustained release properties, denoted as TA/CA-CS films. This innovative system is constructed through the self-assembly of acid-sensitive tannin-cinnamaldehyde multifunctional fillers (TA/CA) in conjunction with a judicious selection of a weakly acidic chitosan (CS) film substrate, endowed with an intrinsic “built-in initiator”. Given that the weak acidity of the CS film can trigger the reverse disassembly of TA/CA by destroying the dynamic C–O bonds that serve as bridges inside TA/CA, the TA/CA-CS film achieved the controlled and slow release of active substances. The TA/CA-CS films preserved the intended functionalities of both TA and CA components throughout the assembly-disassembly process, thereby manifesting enhanced antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. Notably, the DPPH· and ABTS·+ scavenging rate of the TA/CA0.3-CS film surpassed 89.7%, and its efficacy in eliminating bacteria and fungi exceeded 99.9%. Consequently, the TA/CA0.3-CS film exhibited exemplary preservation capabilities, significantly prolonging the shelf life of citrus by approximately 1.9 times. Furthermore, the augmented mechanical strength, heightened barrier properties, and demonstrated safety profile laid a robust foundation for its practical deployment. The gratifying attributes of the TA/CA0.3-CS film underscore its suitability for the efficient preservation of perishable products.

Development and application of mathematical modeling of thymol release from environmental-responsive potato starch active packaging films

Traditional active packaging materials are easily affected by the environment, resulting in their inability to release active substances in specified quantities at specified times and locations. In this study, MCM-41 was used as a thymol (THY) carrier and added to the potato starch (PS) matrix to design an intelligent release active packaging film based on storage microenvironment. MCM-41 encapsulation improved thermal stability of THY. THY–MCM-41 addition significantly improved the tensile strength (TS, 7.18 MPa) of the film (P < 0.05) and endowed the film excellent gas and water barrier protection. THY release was responsive to temperature and relative humidity (RH), and the First–order model better explained the THY release pattern (R2 > 0.980). The THY-MCM-41/PS film exhibited long-term antibacterial effect during 10-day storage due to the sustained release of THY. Additionally, strawberries packaged in the THY–MCM-41/PS film exhibited the best sensory characteristics during 5-day storage (25 °C and 50 % RH). Overall, the present THY–MCM-41/PS film provides a novel alternative for the sustained release of active substances in order to achieve the excellent preservation of goods such as fruits and vegetables.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПРОЦЕССОВ КОМПЛЕКСООБРАЗОВАНИЯ В ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ БИОДЕГРАДИРУЕМЫХ КОМПОЗИЦИЯХ

One of the possible directions of the development of targeted substance delivery systems is the creation and introduction of biodegradable polymers into production. Their distinctive feature is that they are capable of spontaneously gradually degradation in the body due to natural biochemical processes. There is an increasing spread pharmaceutical form, which use similar excipients in their technology – medicinal ocular insert. Modified cellulose, gums and rare-cross-linked acrylic polymers are used to create a biodegradable matrix base. In terms of development approach, ocular inserts can be divided into two groups according to the principle of matrix biodegradation. In non-biodegradable composites, the effect of prolongation of the therapeutic effect is observed due to the release of the active substance from the non-decomposing matrix. This fact can be confirmed by both pharmacopoeial and non-pharmacopoeial methods. The classic tests regulated by the Pharmacopoeia of the XV edition include the "Dissolution" test (GPM.1.4.2.0014 "Dissolution of solid pharmaceutical dose forms"), and for non–pharmacopoeial ones – dialysis through a semipermeable membrane according to Kruvchinsky or using Franz's dialysis cells. The analysis of the kinetics of dissolution helps to determine and select the most suitable matrix-forming agent to be used in the composition with other substances in the composition of ocular insert. Ocular inserts with a biodegradable matrix have a second factor that affects the release of active substances – the formation of complexes or associates between parts of the matrix and the active ingredient molecules. These intermolecular compounds can indirectly prolong the effect of the drug. All features must be taken into account in the development of ocular inserts, since they, among other things, help to model fundamentally new ways of targeted delivery of substances. In this case, it is necessary to develop a test for the second modified release factor, which would reliably determine the presence of complexation processes within the selected ocular inserts model.

Effect of Base Type Variation on Physicochemical Properties of Ambon Banana Peel (Musa Paradisiaca L) Methanol Extract Nanoemulsions Ointment

Ambon banana peel (Musa Paradisiaca L) contains flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins which have potential to be in the wound healing process. One of topical preparations suitable for wound healing is ointment. The ointment base can affect the release of active substances and absorption in the skin layers, since the release of the drug from its base is an important factor in the success of therapy. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of base type variations on the physicochemical properties of ointments from banana peel methanol extract nanoemulsions. Ambon banana peel extract was obtained by maceration using methanol solvent and made in the form of a nanoemulsion. Ambon banana peel extract nanoemulsion is then added to the ointment preparation with water-soluble, absorption and hydrocarbon base types. Ointments with variations in base types were observed for physicochemical properties including organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, pH and spreadability. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using One Way ANOVA. The results showed that variations in base type affected on organoleptic appearance, viscosity and spreadability but had no effect on the pH value and homogeneity. The absorption base produces a formula that meets the requirements for ointment preparations.

Preparation of β-cyclodextrin derivatives/metamizole inclusion complex nanofibers: Characterization, drug release, and wound scratch assay

Nanofibrous wound dressings fabricated by electrospinning have attracted significant research interest as they enable the controlled release of active substances at the wound site. The development of electrospun nanofibers with anti-inflammatory drugs, which demonstrate great potential for wound healing applications, is one of the main focuses of present research efforts. In this study, nanofibrous webs of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) loaded with metamizole (MMS) were fabricated by electrospinning. The prepared nanofibers were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, ultraviolet diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and photoluminescence analysis. The interactions of HPβCD and MβCD with MMS in aqueous solutions were studied using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, and the 1:1 MMS/CD inclusion complexes were theoretically analyzed at the PM3 level of theory. Furthermore, the drug release, biocompatibility, and wound scratch assay of the nanofibers were evaluated. In vitro drug release analysis revealed controllable release of MMS from the nanofibers. The CD nanofibers loaded with MMS showed good biocompatibility with skin fibroblasts. An in vitro wound scratch assay indicated that the nanofibers promoted fast wound closure with a rate of 98.66 ± 3.9%. In summary, the prepared nanofibrous webs are promising candidates for wound-dressing applications.

Biofunctionalized hydrogel composed of genipin-crosslinked gelatin/hyaluronic acid incorporated with lyophilized platelet-rich fibrin for segmental bone defect repair

Segmental bone defects can arise from trauma, infection, metabolic bone disorders, or tumor removal. Hydrogels have gained attention in the field of bone regeneration due to their unique hydrophilic properties and the ability to customize their physical and chemical characteristics to serve as scaffolds and carriers for growth factors. However, the limited mechanical strength of hydrogels and the rapid release of active substances have hindered their clinical utility and therapeutic effectiveness. With ongoing advancements in material science, the development of injectable and biofunctionalized hydrogels holds great promise for addressing the challenges associated with segmental bone defects.In this study, we incorporated lyophilized platelet-rich fibrin (LPRF), which contains a multitude of growth factors, into a genipin-crosslinked gelatin/hyaluronic acid (GLT/HA-0.5 % GP) hydrogel to create an injectable and biofunctionalized composite material. Our findings demonstrate that this biofunctionalized hydrogel possesses optimal attributes for bone tissue engineering.Furthermore, results obtained from rabbit model with segmental tibial bone defects, indicate that the treatment with this biofunctionalized hydrogel resulted in increased new bone formation, as confirmed by imaging and histological analysis. From a translational perspective, this biofunctionalized hydrogel provides innovative and bioinspired capabilities that have the potential to enhance bone repair and regeneration in future clinical applications.

Sustained release, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of modified porous starch-based biodegradable polylactic acid/polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate/thermoplastic starch active packaging film

Porous starch (PS) is a modified starch with commendable biodegradable and adsorption properties. PS exhibits poor thermal stability, and the aqueous solution casting method is conventionally used for PS-activated packaging films. This approach limits the large-scale production of films and makes it difficult to play the functions of porous pores. In this study, PS was prepared by enzymatic digestion combined with freeze-drying and adsorbed with clove essential oil (CEO) after cross-linking with sodium trimetaphosphate. Subsequently, a novel PLA/PBAT/TPS/ScPS-CEO sustained release active packaging film was prepared by blending PLA, PBAT, TPS, and ScPS-CEO using industrial melt extrusion. Compared with PS, ScPS effectively slowed down the release of CEO from the film, with the maximum release of active substances at equilibrium increasing by approximately 100 %, which significantly enhanced the persistence of the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The polylactic acid/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/thermoplastic starch/trimetaphosphate-crosslinked porous starch incorporated with clove essential oil (PLA/PBAT/TPS/ScPS-CEO) film could reduce the proteolysis, lipid oxidation and microbial growth of salmon, extending its shelf life by approximately 100 % at 4 °C. These results indicate that the ScPS can be used in fresh packaging material in practical applications.

Isoreticular metal-organic framework-3 post-synthetic modification: Application in a new active film based on sodium alginate and carvacrol for pork preservation

To achieve long-term effective protection of food by continuously controlling the release of active substances in an active film, IRMOF-3 was post-synthetic modified with benzoic acid (BA) to obtain BA-IRMOF-3. This modification enhanced the loading capacity of carvacrol (CA) and slowed down its release rate. Research on IRMOF-3 synthesis has found that increasing the proportion of metal nodes can improve its crystallinity. The post-synthesis modification of IRMOF-3 through amide reaction successfully enhanced the binding energy with CA from −5.1 kcal/mol to −6 kcal/mol, resulting in an improved CA loading rate of 28.62% ± 0.15% and delayed release. Furthermore, the BA-IRMOF-3/CA assembly was added to the sodium alginate matrix to prepare the active film BMC@SA, which improved the mechanical and physical properties of the film. The release and antibacterial/antioxidant properties were investigated. The results demonstrated that the active film BMC@SA exhibited significant sustained-release properties and antibacterial/antioxidant activities, reducing the growth of E. coli and S. aureus by 61.95% and 49.33% respectively. In refrigerated pork experiments, the film BMC@SA slowed down the color, weight, pH changes and inhibited microbial growth of fresh pork effectively, and extended the shelf life of pork from 6 d to 12 d, which demonstrated the potential application of active film BMC@SA in food preservation.