Relay Board Research Articles

Current and future trends in vertical transportation

In the middle of the 19th century, the invention of a safety device that prevented elevators from falling enabled the construction of tall buildings and skyscrapers. In the middle of the 20th century, control systems started to serve the given calls automatically by relay technology, and later by electro-mechanical systems. In the 1970s-80 s, software-based control systems invaded elevator technology. Passenger service levels improved with the application of mathematical methods such as artificial intelligence. When the old relay boards of the skyscrapers in New York were modernized by software-based group controls, passenger waiting times dropped to less than half. In this millennium, the need to reduce elevator core space has further increased, since a significant number of buildings already exceed 300 m. The challenge in constructing tall buildings is that elevator groups can occupy the rentable area of a building. At the elevator planning stage, elevator core space can be decreased by zoning the building. The latest trends include systems with several elevator cars running in the same shaft. With modern control systems, passenger journey times can be decreased and handling capacity increased. This article deals with mathematical methods used in elevator dispatching problems. Building traffic simulation is utilized to search for an elevator arrangement that saves the most space in an example building. The design criteria of the ISO 8100–32 standard are used in selecting the elevator arrangements.

Design and Development of an RTC Based Relay Board for Precision Control of Industrial Motors

An Arduino-based time-regulated electrical apparatus control mechanism undertakes the responsibility of activating and deactivating electric equipment as per a pre-set timetable. This exploration introduces an option to manual switching by elevating technology in a manner that is more secure and more user-efficient. It showcases an integrated clock that updates in real-time, turning the associated device on or off when real-time aligns with the scheduled time. The input control panel enables users to alter the switching schedule at their convenience, while the numeric display illustrates the current time. Key Word: Arduino, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), Temporal clock, Relay unit, control inputs.

Development of remote-controlled solar-powered pesticide sprayer vehicle

Pest species pose a significant threat to the agricultural industry as they can negatively impact crop productivity and result in potential financial losses due to damage. This research aims to address agricultural challenges in the local area and improve the efficiency of pesticide application. A solar-powered, remote-controlled, semi-automated knapsack sprayer vehicle has been developed to address this issue. It operates using a 100 AH battery that is charged by four 30W solar panels connected in tandem to produce 120 W, providing power to the motors and pump. The vehicle uses a 12 V hub motor to drive the back and steer the front and is equipped with a 12 V window regulator/wiper motor. The vehicle is controlled by a remote control and an HC-05 transmitter and receiver, programmed with an ATMEGA32A linked to a relay board. The vehicle utilizes a 116 psi ≈ 799.8 kPa pump for the sprayer. Results indicate that as the feed pressure increases, the flow rate steadily rises and reaches 4 L per minute at the 799.8 kPa pump. With a pump spray rate of 5 L per minute when increased and a pesticide tank capacity of 20 L, the vehicle can spray for a total of 4 min and cover 159 m. Employing a remote control reduces the need for manual labour, making pesticide spraying more consistent, efficient, and productive. The sprayer also saves time compared to traditional methods and poses no harm to the operator.

Relay demonstration on board for final year student

The present invention relates to a relay demonstration board, characterized by a microcontroller, numbers of relays are connected to the microcontroller by a plurality of switches, wherein the first relay is connected to a light bulb for controlling the lighting of the bulb and the second and third relay are connected to a DC motor for controlling the rotational direction of the motor. Accordingly, these objectives may be achieved by following the teachings of the present invention. This invention relates to a relay demonstration board for teaching and learning purpose. An electrical relay is an electromagnetic switch operated by a relatively small electric current that can control a much bigger current and thus enable both circuits to be electrically isolated from each other. Relays have been used in wide variety of applications such as home appliances, digital computers and automation system due to its simplicity, long life and high reliability. The project present invention relates to a relay demonstration board. It is developed to allow students to understand the function of relay and how to connect relay in circuit. The major components include three relays, one light bulb and one direct current (DC) motor. The relays are used for control purpose while the light bulb and DC motor are used as the output. Furthermore, the light can be connected in alternating current (AC) or DC circuit to show students how to connect AC circuit and DC circuit. Besides, this tool are invention can be connected to an external microcontroller such as an Arduino board to provide input and or signal to the circuit.

Design and Fabrication of Automatic Voltage Stabilizer using Relay-Based Tap Changing of Transformer

The growing demand for power, and fluctuations in the load present challenges for maintaining a stable and continuous voltage supply. A voltage stabilizer is an electrical appliance that is designed in such a way that it delivers a constant output voltage regardless of the variation in the input supply voltage. This research explores various measures aimed at stabilizing the voltage supply in the face of increasing power demand and fluctuations in load, to ensure a constant output voltage. To this end, a microcontroller-based Automatic Voltage Stabilizer is presented as a robust solution. A prototype of the device, with a power rating of 1kVA and operating at a frequency of 50 Hz, has been fabricated and includes components such as an autotransformer, relay board, voltage sensors, and an Arduino microcontroller. The autotransformer’s taping is adjusted in response to changes in the input voltage. Experimental results show that the prototype can effectively regulate the voltage output between 190V to 250V under a load of 300W.

Design and Implementation of Arduino Based Star Delta Starting, F/R Direction Control and Fault Protection of Three Phase Induction Motor

Three-phase induction motors have varied usage in industrial applications. At 50 Hz the most common reduced voltage starter is Star Delta. The popular applied method to minimize the start current of an induction motor is star to delta conversion. This project is designed to remotely control the starting of the induction motor through the star to delta conversion via mobile message command. The project also enables controlling of the forward and reverses motor direction along with phase fail and overload relay trip monitoring through the mobile communication system. The vital components of this project include a Two-channel relay board, a Magnetic Contactor, an Overload Relay, a Phase fail Relay, Timer Relay, Arduino Uno, and GSM SIM900A. The GSM module connected to the microcontroller sends a start command to the motor and after the system is ready the star to delta conversion happens after a certain time by an automatic timer relay. The user receives the current status of the motor and a call if any fault occurs during operation. This design of remotely Arduino controlled star delta starter, forward/ reverse motor movement, overload, and phase failure protection is safer to be used in factories and industries where the number of induction motors is widely popular.

Security Based Home Automation Using IoT Devices

The Internet of things, or IOT, is an arrangement of interrelated figuring gadgets, mechanical and advanced machines, items, creatures or individuals that are given remarkable identifiers and the capacity to move information over an organization without expecting human-to-human or human-to-PC association. One of these applications is home robotization which is utilized to control all electrical home machines naturally of by means of advanced mobile phones. This controls gadgets through a Boolean orders of valid and bogus to control to gadgets. These dampness levels for wet and dry conditions (cases) can be changed relying upon the plant necessities for plant development. This can be utilized to identify soil dampness when the dirt dampness shortage module plant watering gadget, so the plants in our nursery without individuals to make due. This aides in numerous ways like while are getting back to home and you need the AC to be on and be cooled before you happen to assuming that you neglect to turn of light or fan you want not again come to home and turn off them, rather than it you can handle with your advanced mobile phone when any place you are. This undertaking incorporates IFTTT, Blynk and Node MCU(ESP32) . At first the gadgets are associated with the Node MCU(ESP32) to the regarded ports then the sign from the Blynk application will give signs to the Node MCU(ESP32) then, at that point, the regarded port will give power supply to the gadget through Relay board and the gadget will turn on. The Blynk application is associated with google aide, through IFTTT. In IFTTT the google right hand and web hook is associated together to make this project achievement. Assuming the form in laud is given as a contribution to research aide then the gadget will turn on.

Portable fizzy extraction ion-mobility spectrometry system

Fizzy extraction (FE) is a technique that utilizes effervescence phenomenon to extract volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from liquid matrices for subsequent analysis. To induce effervescence, a liquid sample is first pressurized (at ∼ 150 kPa) with an extractant gas (here, nitrogen), and then rapidly depressurized. In this work, we combine an in-house-built FE system with a commercial ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS) module in order to develop a portable analytical platform for in-situ analysis of VOCs in liquid samples. The size and shape of the FE-IMS platform are similar to those of a typical airline catering trolley. Its operation is enabled by several electronic and electromechanical components (a single-board computer, two microcontroller boards, a relay board, six DC-DC converters, a pressure regulator, a solenoid valve, and a pinch valve). The platform can carry out the extraction procedure as well as acquire, process, and transmit the data to a cloud-storage service. A custom-designed graphical user interface allows the user to select one of the available operation modes: full spectrum mode, ion current profile mode, and cleaning mode. The interface also allows one to follow the analysis progress, display the final result, and upload it to the Internet cloud. The platform has been characterized using three standards: ethyl acetate, ethyl propanoate, and butanone; and their limits of detection are 4.51 × 10−8 M, 2.74 × 10−8 M, and 1.26 × 10−7 M, respectively. Furthermore, its ability to analyze real samples (alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages) has been demonstrated.

Home Automation Using Google Assistance

Abstract: This document has an automation proposal using voice via Google Assistant. Home Automation or Domestic a household automation term invented by Jim Hill has been significantly evolved. The Apple Home Kit is also significantly more expensive, over $100 (USD) more than the Google Home for a basic setup. Philips Hue, a smart light controlled by Google Assistant, Amazon Echo and Siri, Apple's voice assistant, costs around $145 (USD). So overall we can see here that to make our home smart we have to invest a lot, say around $250 (USD) for a basic setup. What if we could automate our home indoors (Smartphone cost is not included as it's supposed to belong to every individual these days) $10 (USD) and you can control up to 8 devices at the Google assistant help? Well, this document describes the implementation of such a system. Keywords: IOT, Nodemcu, Relay board, Google Assistance, IFTTT

Self-Reset Image Sensor With a Signal-to-Noise Ratio Over 70 dB and Its Application to Brain Surface Imaging

In this study, we propose a complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor with a self-resetting system demonstrating a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to detect small intrinsic signals such as a hemodynamic reaction or neural activity in a mouse brain. The photodiode structure was modified from N-well/P-sub to P+/N-well/P-sub to increase the photodiode capacitance to reduce the number of self-resets required to decrease the unstable stage. Moreover, our new relay board was used for the first time. As a result, an effective SNR of over 70 dB was achieved within the same pixel size and fill factor. The unstable state was drastically reduced. Thus, we will be able to detect neural activity. With its compact size, this device has significant potential to become an intrinsic signal detector in freely moving animals. We also demonstrated in vivo imaging with image processing by removing additional noise from the self-reset operation.

Development of keyless biometric authenticated vehicles ignition system

The vehicles are started or ignited using manual keys or sensor based keys. In two wheelers after placing keys the bike is started using either button or kicking method. The other vehicles are started using key cranking or key is placed in specific sensor control area and start button is pressed. The existing method makes any one can able to operate the vehicle if they have keys. The proposed method used to operate the vehicles only they are authorized. The authorization key is available in the controller memory. The proposed method uses dactylogram scanner to access the vehicles. The scanner scans the finger, if the person is authenticated immediately it allows the person to start the vehicles. The controller is attached with the relay electronic board which controls the ignition part. The proposed method uses ATMEGA 162. The device is able to access the vehicle by 3 persons. Only the specific 3 person finger prints are enrolled in the controller. The system is enabled with GSM access. If unauthenticated person access the finger print scanner, the vehicle is not ignited. The GSM module communicates the unauthenticated access attempt to the owner of the vehicles in the form of SMS. If the device is accessed with authenticated person and the vehicle is successfully started. In the meantime unauthorized person starts access with scanner, immediately message was received in the stored GSM mobile number. The average authentication time to start the vehicle is 3.81 s.

Speech Recognition based Industrial Cloud Robot for Service-Oriented Sustainable Manufacturing

Industrial Cloud Robotics is an amalgamation of cloud computing and an industrial robot to establish a service-oriented manufacturing system. Teleoperation of an industrial robot – the ability to control a robot from a remote location, is facilitated through this system. In this paper, a framework is proposed by utilizing speech recognition and industrial cloud robots for the applications of sustainable manufacturing. We have used Google’s speech recognition services to control the robot manipulator. We have employed Android Speech API in a custom android application that receives the speech signal, transcribes, and forwards it to a server. The application can be viewed or accessed by any host computer, which primarily serves as a user. The monitoring unit and the data is fetched by the Robot Speech Interface unit via the internet and web sockets. The interface triggers the required action of the robot through the relay board actuation of the digital input facility of the robot. Through this work, it is realized that, despite the disturbances and noise interferences, speed and reliability are not compromised.

Home Automation using Thingspeak

Nowadays automation of the house is one of the fast growing branches of IoT. Everyone is interested in automating their houses. So this automation is normally made using arduino, relay board, HC-05, and other sensors. So our aim is to demonstrate home automation using thingspeak both auto and manual. In this we are using both automatic and manual mdes. so that users can switch between these modes easily and can run the appliances. to know whether the status of ac or heater is changed after giving the command we are displaying this information in a web page, it keeps updating for every few seconds so that you can easily check whether the appliances are switched on or off.

Optimal Model for Energy Management Strategy in Smart Building with Energy Storage Systems and Electric Vehicles

The aim of this work was to develop an optimal model for an energy management strategy in a real micro-grid, which involves a smart building, a photovoltaic system with storage, and a plug-in full electric vehicle. A controller based on a mathematical algorithm was the core of each strategy, which directly acted on a relay board managing the interconnection between the different elements comprising the micro-grid. The development of an optimization model involving binary variables required an efficient code that achieved solutions in a short time. The analyzed case-study corresponded to the solar energy research center (CIESOL) smart building, a bioclimatic building, that is located at the University of Almería (Spain), designated to research in renewable energies. Using the methodologies described in this work, the total cost of the smart building energy consumption was minimized by decreasing the power supplied from the grid, especially at peak hours. Highlighting the use of a simple model that provided better performance than the current state of the art methodologies. The optimal model for energy management strategy demonstrated the advantages of using classical optimization techniques to solve this specific optimization problem, compared to a rule-based controller. The linear modeling was capable of producing a simple algorithm with less code development and a reduction in the computational effort.

Controllable Automated Switch Using Raspberry Pi

A controllable automated switch is an internet-based, interconnected computer network that may control via a computer and a modem. This project designs a system that assists and provides support to the needs of people, also to help the elderly or disabled people live a more independent life as long as possible. This system is used to control the indoor and outdoor lights, monitor electrical switches, etc. This study utilized raspberry pi as the central device, a web server, a router, and an android application on any smartphone which would act as a user interface. The android devices would control the appliances using the internet and raspberry pi as the server system. This relay circuit board will control the home appliances. The researchers conclude that the systems are achieved by satisfying individuals who benefited the employees and society. The benefit of this system is to gain profit and save money when it comes to lights that they might unwittingly leave on during the day. It was recommended that the elderly and people with a disability control the appliances on their own through a mobile device and live a more independent life as long as possible. Moreover, to the school that this system will help the security and the safety of the institution. They would not worry about the safety of the students and faculties by monitoring the electrical switches on their devices.

Development of IoT based solution for monitoring & controlling of loads using Google Assistant with Home Security System

The main aim of this project is to make a cost effective device which is used to monitor and control the loads by using simple voice commands. Previously we have ALEXA, SIRI & GOOGLE HOME which makes us more expensive. Even now when technology is handy enough only the well to do people of the society are blessed with these new smart home devices, as these devices costs are a bit high. However, not everyone is wealthy enough to be able to afford a human assistant, or some smart home kit. Hence, the need for finding an inexpensive and smart assistant for normal families keeps growing. This project proposes such inexpensive system. It uses the Google Assistant, the IFTTT application, the remoteme.org cloud application and the NodeMCU microcontroller as the major components along with a relay board comprising of 4 relays along with different sensors are working in this. Natural language voice is used to give commands to the Google Assistant All of the components are connected over the internet using Wi-Fi which puts this system under the IoT. And also we monitor data in this that is we using the different sensors like IR sensors, LDR (Light Emitting Diode) sensors etc; Not only to monitor and control the Loads but also providing the Security System to the Home, whenever the thief or the visitor enter into the room the owners will get push notification in their smart phone and also capturing the photos of visitors and uploaded to the Google Drive.

Intelligent Protection System Against Vehicles’ Carbon Monoxide Gas Leakage by Using Arduino and Global System for Mobile Model

Gas leakage is a significant problem in industries, residential premises and gas powered vehicles. Carbon Monoxide is one type of harmful gas that generates out from vehicle’s AC when it is in ON mode, which can cause suffocation or death for all the passengers within less than hour that according to the science researchers. One of the proposed methods to upgrade safety standards and prevent accidents related to gas leakage is to install gas leakage detection inside the vehicles. This paper discusses the design of gas detection system to detect the presence of a dangerous Carbon Monoxide (Co) leak inside the cars using the MQ-7 gas sensor, and an alert is provided to two users by sending SMS to the programmed mobile numbers. Also, this system decreases the gas concentration by opening the car window using a relay board and motor. If the Co (MQ-7) sensor senses any gas leakage from the AC output of this sensor goes low, and the Arduino monitors this low signal, and it will identify the gas leakage.

OTOMATISASI TEKNOLOGI SMART HOME MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO BERBASIS INTERNET OFF THINGS (IoT)

"IOT-based Interactive Monitoring and Monitoring System for home automation" is another technological advance that can control and filter gadgets or other devices to control home automation remotely. Every automation business that uses an inserted system such as a PIC microcontroller provides an intelligent, inexpensive energy protection system, for homes, schools, hospital facilities or others. The main objective of this research is to plan and provide an interesting implementation point of IoT for home applications and also other means to control or control existing equipment in the house such as turning on / off lights, fans, gas, patterns, doors and others by using sensors, which serve to control. In general, we know that we use a number of equipment in homes, theaters, shopping centers, Convention Centers, Hotels and other facilities whose equipment we connect directly to electricity and consume power. Because of this, some equipment has failed due to excess voltage. Here, we use several components to control the excess voltage. In this model we use a micro controller (ATMEGA328P), which is connected to a nodemcu, 4-channel relay board, and liquid crystal display (LCD). Here the input is given to the micro controller via the LCD to display the temperature. The output of this signal is given to the micro controller where the pin becomes active when there is a problem finding room temperature. A 4-channel relay board is connected to control large equipment, meanwhile we connect switches to operate and nodemcu (Wi-Fi module) to control with remote access.

Design and Implementation of Microcontroller-Based Building Automation for Smart Computer Laboratory

This research provided device management automation for computer laboratories using Arduino. Some devices in computer laboratories such as Air Conditioners and LCD Projectors were always on while the device not used. It caused inefficient uses of electricity resulting in increased electricity bills and reduce the device lifetime. Device automation made the electronic devices work automatically. The first automation we applied on the Air Conditioner, the other one was on LCD Projectors. This schematic developed based on Arduino Uno R3 with several components such as the infrared transmitter, humidity sensor DHT11, relay board and I2C OLED display. Arduino Uno R3 provided as the central controller. The two methods of testing were used for measuring this system performance. The first test was done by testing the performance of the components used, such as the IR Transmitter, DHT11, relay board, and I2C OLED Display. The second test was done by testing the functionality of Arduino Uno R3 as a controller. This test resulted that the automation system can work properly with fully automatic control LCD projectors and air conditioners by periodically stabilizing room temperature and turning on the projector's LCD automatically when needed.

ISSN: 2278-3075 (Online), Volume-8 Issue-10, August 2019 3099 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number J96280881019/2019©BEIESP DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.J9628.0881019 Journal Website: www.ijitee.org A Conceptual AI-System Model for Home Automation and Smart Monitoring Based On Vision

Home automation is a rapidly increasing developmental area in the terribly present days attributable to the higher rate of affordability and ease. It provides the potential of controlling our homes and having the sides retort to events that are managed mechanically, it has become an extremely popular attribute due to its safety functions and reasons of value. We projected a model to introduce the whole automation of our house with a security system for our household. The ideal concept of this project is to ascertain an answer that can be achieved within a minimal budget. We got so used off shelf elements aspect that the amount reduced drastically. This study conjointly discusses the chosen literature, fashionable datasets, and concludes with the challenges within the domain at the side of a future direction. The main conceptual focus of this paper is to pose a system based design that demonstrates the interfacing between MATLAB with camera and Arduino board for observation and management of household instruments. In the projected system, Arduino board is interfaced with MATLAB victimization serial communication to regulate home appliances. Image acquisition device is interfaced to MATLAB which will ceaselessly show the status of the different type of household equipment on the Graphical computer program [GUI] designed in MATLAB. When the correct commands are dispatched from the MATLAB user interface, the corresponding household equipment is turned ON/OFF which are interfaced to Arduino through relay board. The system conjointly sends alert messages or signals if any abnormality is detected in the associate degree. The human motion recognition domain has been active for quite 20 years and has provided an oversized quantity of literature.