Relaxation Strategies Research Articles

A concurrent multiscale method based on smoothed molecular dynamics for large-scale parallel computation at finite temperature

A concurrent atomic-to-continuum multiscale method for finite-temperature simulation with large-scale parallel computation is developed. Seamless and stable coupling between molecular dynamics (MD) method and continuum-based material point method (MPM) is achieved with the aid of mesoscopic smoothed molecular dynamics (SMD) method. Novel techniques are proposed to filter spurious high-frequency reflections and bridge different thermal descriptions in atomistic and continuum models by adopting the efficient Markovian generalized Langevin equation (GLE) with newly designed drift matrix. Besides, an effective relaxation strategy is developed to fully relax the multiscale model to thermodynamic equilibrium state. The concurrent multiscale method can be effectively parallelized within the parallel computation framework of particle-grid dual discretization, and its efficiency when executing on large-scale computation clusters is analyzed in detail. The contact-sliding and particle impact examples are calculated with the proposed method to demonstrate its superiority as an effective numerical tool in the practical applications.

Two-Dimensional Phase Unwrapping Based on Residual Prediction Neural Network

Two-dimensional phase unwrapping (2-D PU) is a crucial step in interferometric signal processing. The accuracy of phase unwrapping (PU) will significantly affect subsequent processing. Existing algorithms perform poorly in areas with rapid terrain changes or with low coherence. In order to solve the above problems, this letter proposes a method of using a neural network to predict residuals, followed by the minimum <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L^{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -norm algorithm for phase reconstruction. The network for predicting residuals is called residual prediction network (RPNet). To construct more complex loss terms, the continuous relaxation strategy is applied to its training. The proposed method overcomes the effects of noise and terrain changes due to the accurate prediction of residuals. The compensated phase gradients enable the minimum <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L^{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -norm algorithm to reconstruct phases more accurately. The experimental results performed on simulation and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

A Directional Heuristics Pulse Algorithm for a Two Resources Constrained Shortest Path Problem with Reinitialization

&lt;p style='text-indent:20px;'&gt;In this paper, the path planning problem of UAV flight error correction is studied, and a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is proposed to solve the resource constrained shortest path problem (RCSPP-R) with reinitialization, and its resource accumulation can be reinitialized to zero at the reset node. Since RCSPP-R is a NP-hard problem, Pulse algorithm is used to solve the proposed model. Aiming at the high computational cost of pulse algorithm, three pruning strategies are proposed to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm, namely, preprocessing strategy based on direction constraint to reduce the search space, dynamic relaxation strategy to improve the quality of boundary, and heuristic search strategy to optimize the node expansion sequence. Then the time-consuming of the algorithm and the number of dominant solutions are used as evaluation indexes for comparison. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm can deal with this problem more reliably. Specifically, compared with the Label Correction algorithm, the original Pulse algorithm and the Ant Colony algorithm, there are advantages in the number of superior solutions, and compared with the above three algorithms, the time consumption is reduced by 31.64%, 88.52% and 83.5% respectively.&lt;/p&gt;

Waterbed inspired stress relaxation strategies of patterned silicon anodes for fast-charging and longevity of lithium microbatteries

Our pattern strategy draws inspiration from the structure of “waterbeds”, achieving stress relaxation, thereby enabling fast-charging capabilities and ensuring the longevity of lithium microbatteries.

A stress relaxation strategy for preparing high-quality organic–inorganic perovskite thin films via a vapor–solid reaction

A post-vapor treatment was developed to alleviate compressive strains in perovskite thin films grown by vapor–solid reaction. Perovskite solar cells based on these films achieved an improved power conversion efficiency of over 22%.

Finding Lego Bricks With Our Eyes and Our Hands

Visual search is the act of looking for—and hopefully finding—something that is important or that you need. You probably do this every day, like when you must find your backpack before heading off to school. Sometimes you can find what you are looking for just by using your eyes, but other times also you have to use your hands, like when you are looking for a pencil in a cluttered drawer. This is called “interactive search” because it involves interacting with the search environment by moving things around with your hands. In our study, we investigated how to make people better interactive searchers by asking them to find specific LEGO bricks in trays full of bricks. We found that people are actually better at this task when they direct their attention and actively search for targets, vs. when they use a relaxed search strategy.

Inexact inner–outer Golub–Kahan bidiagonalization method: A relaxation strategy

AbstractWe study an inexact inner–outer generalized Golub–Kahan algorithm for the solution of saddle‐point problems with a two‐times‐two block structure. In each outer iteration, an inner system has to be solved which in theory has to be done exactly. Whenever the system is getting large, an inner exact solver is, however, no longer efficient or even feasible and iterative methods must be used. We focus this article on a numerical study showing the influence of the accuracy of an inner iterative solution on the accuracy of the solution of the block system. Emphasis is further given on reducing the computational cost, which is defined as the total number of inner iterations. We develop relaxation techniques intended to dynamically change the inner tolerance for each outer iteration to further minimize the total number of inner iterations. We illustrate our findings on a Stokes problem and validate them on a mixed formulation of the Poisson problem.

Improvement of Energy Storage Properties of NaNbO3-Based Ceramics through a Relaxation Strategy

NaNbO3 (NN) is a widely studied antiferroelectric ceramics in recent years. However, NN ceramics always exhibit a square P-E loop with larger P r, originating form an irreversible antiferroelectric-ferroelectric (AFE-FE) phase transition under an applied electric field and limit the further development. In this paper, a novel lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramic, (1−x)NaNbO3-x(0.5Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3−0.5Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3) [(1−x)NN-xBNBST, x = 0, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30], was designed and prepared via a local random field relaxation strategy. Dielectric testing show that the addition of BNBST significantly improved the relaxor behavior of the NN, which is effective for enhancing the W rec and η of NN-based ceramics. When x = 0.2, the ceramic obtains a high recoverable energy storage density (W rec = 2.024 J cm−3) and energy storage efficiency (η = 63%) at a low electric field of 130 kV cm−1. Meanwhile, the polarization-electric field (P-E) hysteresis loops and charge-discharge results of the sample with x = 0.2 at different temperatures and frequencies show that it is a prospective material for pulsed energy storage capacitors.

Teacher knowledge of anxiety and use of anxiety reduction strategies in the classroom

The current study examined elementary (or primary) school teachers’ knowledge of student anxiety and evidence-based anxiety reduction strategies, whether this knowledge was associated with their use of evidence-based anxiety reduction strategies in the classroom, and correlates of teacher knowledge and use of anxiety reduction strategies in the classroom. Fifty-one volunteer elementary teachers (98% female; 98% White) participated and completed questionnaires about: themselves and work-related factors (e.g., years of teaching experience, self-efficacy), knowledge of student anxiety and anxiety treatment (e.g., core manifestations of anxiety such as physiological arousal, behavioural avoidance, and anxious thoughts), and use of anxiety reduction strategies in the classroom (e.g., relaxation strategies, encouraging the use of coping self-talk, and gradual exposure to feared situations). Results indicated that the average score on the knowledge assessment was 57% and knowledge levels were unrelated to self-reported use of anxiety reduction strategies. The most robust correlate of knowledge of anxiety and use of anxiety reduction strategies was teachers’ perceived personal accomplishment. Findings suggest additional teacher training to increase knowledge about student anxiety and use of evidence-based anxiety reduction strategies in the classroom is warranted.

Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on pulmonary compliance and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a randomized control trial

BackgroundTo observe the effects of different positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation strategies on pulmonary compliance and complications in patients undergoing robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostate surgery.MethodsA total of 120 patients with the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Class I or II who underwent elective robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy were enrolled. We randomized the patients divided into divided into three groups of 40 patients each: PEEP0, PEEP5, or PEEP10. Master Anesthetist used volume control ventilation intraoperatively with an intraoperative deep muscle relaxation strategy. Respiratory mechanics indexes were recorded at six time-points: 10 mimuts after anaesthesia induction, immediately after pneumoperitoneum establishment, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, and at the end of pneumoperitoneum. Arterial blood gas analysis and oxygenation index calculation were performed 10 mimuts after anaesthesia induction, 60 mimuts after pneumoperitoneum, and after tracheal extubation. Postoperative pulmonary complications were also recorded.ResultsAfter pneumoperitoneum, peak inspiratory pressure (Ppeak), plateau pressure (Pplat), mean pressure (Pmean), driving pressure (ΔP), and airway resistance (Raw) increased significantly, and pulmonary compliance (Crs) decreased, persisting during pneumoperitoneum in all groups. Between immediately after pneumoperitoneum establishment, 30 min, 60 min, and 90 min, pulmonary compliance in the 10cmH2OPEEP group was higher than in the 5cmH2OPEEP (P < 0.05) and 0cmH2OPEEP groups(P < 0.05). The driving pressure (ΔP) immediately after pneumoperitoneum establishment, at 30 min, 60 min, and 90 min in the 10cmH2OPEEP group was lower than in the 5cmH2OPEEP (P < 0.05) and 0cmH2OPEEP groups (P < 0.05). Sixty min after pneumoperitoneum and tracheal extubation, the PaCO2 did not differ significantly among the three groups (P > 0.05). The oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) was higher in the PEEP5 group than in the PEEP0 and PEEP10 groups 60 min after pneumoperitoneum and after tracheal extubation, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). In postoperative pulmonary complications, the incidence of atelectasis was higher in the PEEP0 group than in the PEEP5 and PEEP10 groups, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe use of PEEP at 5cmH2O during RARP increases lung compliance, improves intraoperative oxygenation index and reduces postoperative atelectasis.Trial registrationThis study was registered in the China Clinical Trials Registry on May 30, 2020 (Registration No. ChiCTR2000033380).

Discrete Joint Semantic Alignment Hashing for Cross-Modal Image-Text Search

Supervised cross-modal image-text hashing has aroused extensive concentrations in comprehending the correspondence between vision and language for data search tasks. Existing methods learn the compact hash codes by leveraging a given image-text data pairs or supervised information to explore such correspondence. However, they still confront obvious drawbacks. First, there is no engagement between multiple semantic information that yields the suboptimal search performance. Second, most of them adopt continuous relaxation strategy by discarding the discrete constraints, which results in large binary quantization errors. To deal with these problems, we propose a novel supervised hashing method, termed Discrete Joint Semantic Alignment Hashing (DJSAH). Specifically, it builds a connection between semantics (a.k.a. class labels and pairwise similarities) by the joint semantic alignment learning. And thus the high-level discriminative semantics can be preserved into the hash codes. Besides, a well-designed discrete optimization algorithm with linear computation and memory cost is developed to reduce the information loss of the hash codes with no need for relaxation. Extensive experiments and analyses on three benchmark datasets validate the superiority of the proposed DJSAH against several state-of-the-art hashing methods.

Accelerated convergence strategy of weighted least squares method for image reconstruction

The weighted least squares algorithm is effective in image reconstruction, in which the weight is determined by a covariance matrix of model error. To speed up the iterative convergence speed of the WLS method, we express the WLS iterative formula in a matrix form with an iterative relaxation coefficient and propose relaxation strategies based on minimizing the spectral radius of the iterative matrix. The numerical simulations demonstrate that the relaxation strategies proposed in this paper have the better reconstruction performances.

BNAS-v2: Memory-Efficient and Performance-Collapse-Prevented Broad Neural Architecture Search

In this article, we propose BNAS-v2 to further improve the efficiency of broad neural architecture search (BNAS), which employs a broad convolutional neural network (BCNN) as the search space. In BNAS, the single-path sampling-updating strategy of an overparameterized BCNN leads to terrible unfair training issue, which restricts the efficiency improvement. To mitigate the unfair training issue, we employ a continuous relaxation strategy to optimize all paths of the overparameterized BCNN simultaneously. However, continuous relaxation leads to a performance collapse issue that leads to the unsatisfactory performance of the learned BCNN. For that, we propose the confident learning rate (CLR) and introduce the combination of partial channel connections and edge normalization. Experimental results show that 1) BNAS-v2 delivers state-of-the-art search efficiency on both CIFAR-10 (0.05 GPU days, which is <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> faster than BNAS) and ImageNet (0.19 GPU days) with better or competitive performance; 2) the above two solutions are effectively alleviating the performance collapse issue; and 3) BNAS-v2 achieves powerful generalization ability on multiple transfer tasks, e.g., MNIST, FashionMNIST, NORB, and SVHN. The code is available at <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><uri>https://github.com/zixiangding/BNASv2</uri></monospace> .

Optimization of Vocal Singing Training Methods Based on Multimedia Data Analysis

This paper constructs a vocal singing training optimization model based on multimedia data analysis and conducts in-depth research and analysis on the optimization of vocal singing training methods using multimedia data analysis system. For the problems of poor real-time and large analysis error of the traditional system, a massive real-time multimedia data analysis system based on DSP is designed, with high-speed DSP as the core architecture, multipoint modeling of the experimenter, and data extraction and fusion processing are completed with model association characteristics as the analysis basis. The experimental results show that the real-time performance and accuracy of the system are improved by 15.14% and 13.42%, respectively. To address the time-space domain consistency problem in traditional time series data forecasting, two high-order time series forecasting algorithms based on tensor decomposition are proposed in this paper: the multilinear orthogonal autoregressive model and the multilinear constrained autoregressive model. Using the local structure information of the data to reduce the dimensionality of the data is more beneficial to extract the true low-dimensional representation of the data. Most current supervised cross-modal retrieval methods use a strict binary label matrix (i.e., 0 and 1); however, the interval between labels 0 and 1 is small, which may increase the risk of classification errors. To solve some of the above existing problems, a two-stage hashing method based on smooth matrix decomposition and label relaxation is proposed, which proposes a novel label relaxation strategy that can adaptively control the interval between label intervals and can reduce the quantization loss by about 5.21%. The multimedia data analysis vocal singing training optimization model designed in this paper can improve enhance students’ motivation and accuracy and provide technical support and a rational basis for vocal singing practice and overall musical expression.

Adverse childhood experiences, stress, and resilience among early childhood teachers

Early childhood teachers play a critical role in supporting young children's cognitive, social, and emotional development. Unfortunately, teachers’ abilities to promote young children's well-being can be hindered by their own stress. Teachers can experience both workplace stressors as well as chronic stressors from adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Very little is known about whether different sources of teacher's stress have independent effects on their functioning. The present study examines whether workplace stress and history of ACEs are unique or redundant predictors of teacher resilience and classroom behavior, including teacher-child interaction quality, child classroom misbehavior, and staff affect regulation. Data were collected from female teachers (N = 718) across 101 childcare centers. Teachers (Mage = 39.26, SD = 13.69) completed self-report assessments on their history of ACEs, workplace stress, and resilience. For a subsample of teachers (n = 58) classroom behavior was observationally coded in the classroom. Controlling for student-teacher ratio and center type, both a higher number of ACEs and workplace stress were associated with lower levels of resilience. Only a history of ACEs was associated with observed teacher-child interaction quality and child classroom misbehavior, not workplace stress. Although there are some limitations to the measurement of retrospective ACEs, the present study offers some promising findings regarding the impact of ACEs on teacher functioning. The present findings suggest that addressing trauma-specific stress is important for early childhood teacher interventions, beyond general relaxation and stress management strategies.

PENGGUNANAAN TEKNIK ENDORPHINE MESSAGE TERHADAP PENURUNAN NYERI PERSALINAN PADA IBU BERSALIN KALA I

in the labor process, pain during labor due to uterine tightening, expansion along with the occurrence of a thinning cervix, along with the process of descent of the fetus during labor. Pain during labor causes anxiety and discomfort to the mother in the process of giving birth. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of endorphin massage as a pain reliever during labor. Competency 3 (Pregnancy Care) basic knowledge of paragraph 22 (relaxation techniques and strategies to relieve pain in preparation for labor and birth). Non-pharmacological therapy that is very effective in reducing the intensity of labor pain is endorphin massage. The design applied in this study is a literature review study, researchers found about the effectiveness of endorphin massage in as many as (n=20) journals after entering the inclusion criteria in this study articles that could be used as many as (n=10) articles. After conducting a review of all the journals that the researchers studied, they obtained the same result, namely that endorphin massage is very effective as an alternative to reduce labor pain for pregnant women who are in the first stage of labor.&#x0D;

A comparative study of 3D cumulant and central moments lattice Boltzmann schemes with interpolated boundary conditions for the simulation of thermal flows in high Prandtl number regime

Thermal flows characterized by high Prandtl number are numerically challenging as the transfer of momentum and heat occurs at different time scales. To account for very low thermal conductivity and obey the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition, the numerical diffusion of the scheme has to be reduced. As a consequence, the numerical artefacts are dominated by the dispersion errors commonly known as wiggles. In this study, we explore possible remedies for these issues in the framework of lattice Boltzmann method by means of applying novel collision kernels, lattices with large number of discrete velocities, namely D3Q27, and a second-order boundary conditions.For the first time, the cumulant-based collision operator is utilised to simulate both the hydrodynamic and the thermal field. Alternatively, the advected field is computed using the central moments’ collision operator. Different relaxation strategies have been examined to account for additional degrees of freedom introduced by a higher order lattice.To validate the proposed kernels for a pure advection-diffusion problem, the numerical simulations are compared against analytical solution of a Gaussian hill. The structure of the numerical dispersion is shown by simulating advection and diffusion of a square indicator function. Next, the influence of the interpolated boundary conditions on the quality of the results is measured in the case of the heat conduction between two concentric cylinders. Finally, a study of steady forced heat convection from a confined cylinder is performed and compared against a Finite Element Method solution.It is known from the literature, that the higher order moments contribute to the solution of the macroscopic advection-diffusion equation. Numerical results confirm that to profit from lattice with a larger number of discrete velocities, like D3Q27, it is not sufficient to relax only the first-order central moments/cumulants of the advected field. In all of the performed benchmarks, the kernel based on the two relaxation time approach has been shown to be superior or at least as good as counter-candidating kernels.

A restart local search algorithm with relaxed configuration checking strategy for the minimum [formula omitted]-dominating set problem

The minimum k-dominating set (MKDS) problem, an extension of the classical minimum dominating set problem, is a famous combinatorial optimization problem with a wide range of applications in real life. At present, there are only a few heuristic algorithms to solve this problem, research on such methods remains in its nascent stages, which cannot scale up and are time-consuming. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel local search algorithm to solve MKDS problem, which consists of three new ideas. First, to construct the high quality initial solutions, an efficient initial construction method is proposed. Unlike previous methods just based on vertex scores, this method considers both vertex scores and vertex neighbors’ states when selecting a vertex to add into the initial solution. Second, a relaxed configuration checking strategy is designed to avoid the cycling problem in neighborhood search. Thirdly, a vertex selection strategy is presented by combining the vertex score with the relaxed configuration checking strategy to determine which vertex should be added into or removed from the candidate solution. Based on these strategies, the effective local search algorithm namely RLS_RCC is proposed. RLS_RCC algorithm is evaluated against the famous commercial solver CPLEX, the classic algorithm GRASP and the state-of-the-art algorithm VSCC2 on three types of benchmark instances. The experimental results show that RLS_RCC algorithm is very competitive in terms of solution quality and computing time. Specifically, RLS_RCC obtains 40 new upper bounds of 54 general graph instances, 13 new upper bounds of 12 UDG groups, and 32 new upper bounds of 37 DIMACS instances for three k values.

EHealth and Web-Based Interventions for Informal Carers of People With Dementia in the Community: Umbrella Review.

BackgroundThe prevalence of dementia is increasing, and there are many associated problems that family members face as informal carers, including emotional, physical, and financial difficulties. There are benefits for a person with dementia to live at home for as long as possible, and therefore, supporting their informal carers is crucial. The growing interest in supporting carers through internet-based interventions is evidenced by the volume of systematic reviews on this topic. It is now appropriate to systematically examine this body of work and provide an overview of the literature.ObjectiveThis umbrella review aimed to identify the most effective internet-based intervention content and delivery method to support those caring for someone with dementia living in the community.MethodsPsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and PubMed were searched for systematic reviews examining the effectiveness of web-based interventions for informal carers of people with dementia. A total of 3 reviewers extracted data and evaluated the quality of the papers. To ascertain the extent to which the systematic reviews reported on the same evidence, the proportion of overlap between their included studies was calculated. Qualitative research findings were extracted and reported.ResultsA total of 21 papers were included in the study. The quality of the review papers was mainly rated as low to moderate, and 10% (2/21) of papers were of high quality. The findings suggest that multicomponent interventions were the most effective in supporting carers. These included combinations of cognitive behavioral therapy and relaxation strategies, educational resources, and online support groups. Interventions that were delivered on the web but included sessions with a personal element, such as telephone contact, showed the best results. When comparing the studies reviewed in all the review papers, a moderate overlap was noted. However, when comparing individual reviews with each other, they showed a high overlap of the included studies.ConclusionsMixed delivery methods and intervention content showed the most effective results in supporting those caring for people with dementia. However, many papers do not separate the results for differing intervention contents or delivery; this needs to be considered when drawing conclusions. There was an overlap among the studies included in the reviews. This suggests a lack of current research on the effectiveness of web-based interventions for people caring for a person with dementia. There was also a lack of consistency in the outcome measures across all papers. Future studies can involve updating research on the effectiveness of these interventions while distinguishing between different intervention types, thus creating guidelines for the use of standardized measures to enable comparisons of intervention effects and improve the scientific quality of the overall research.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42021241559; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=241559

A Non-Pharmacological Cough Therapy for People with Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Case Report.

To explore the feasibility of a non-pharmacological cough control therapy (CCT) customized for a client with interstitial lung disease (ILD). An 83-year-old female with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and chronic cough for 18 years treated previously with pharmacological treatment for the underlying lung disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease, as well as lozenges and breathing and relaxation strategies. Four cough education and self-management sessions (45-60 minutes each) facilitated by a physiotherapist and speech-language pathologist via videoconference were conducted. Session topics included mechanisms of cough in ILD, breathing and larynx role in cough control, trigger identification, cough suppression and control strategies, and psychosocial support towards behaviour change using motivational interviewing. The following assessments were conducted prior to and one week after the intervention: semi-structured interviews, Leicester Cough Questionnaire, King's Brief Interstitial Lung Disease questionnaire, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue Scale, modified Borg Scale for severity and intensity of cough, and the Global Rating of Change Questionnaire. Implementing the CCT was feasible. The client reported increased perceived cough control, a reduction in exhaustion from coughing bouts, and a better understanding of the mechanisms behind cough management and suppression. Improvements were also observed in cough-related quality of life, severity, and intensity.