Relaxation Programs Research Articles

Effect of psychoeducational program and relaxation training on critical care nurses’ stress regarding care of patients with delirium

Background: Critical care nurses (CCNs) face difficulties and stress when caring for patients with delirium, and the level of delirium-related stress may be related to gaps in their knowledge and skills. Aim: This study aimed to assess the impact of a psychoeducational and relaxation program on reducing the stress of CCNs caring for patients with delirium in intensive care units (ICUs) in Taiz city, Yemen. Methods: From June to the end of December 2022, a quasi-experimental study was conducted among 60 CCNs from two ICUs of Al-Thawra Hospital in Taiz. Demographic characteristics were collected using a pre-designed data collection sheet, and the levels of CCNs’ stress were measured using the Delirium Nursing Stress Scale (DNSS). To assess the impact of the developed psychoeducational and relaxation program, stress levels were measured before and after the program, as well as at a 3-month follow-up for long-term impact. The association of demographic characteristics with delirium-related stress was also studied. Data were then analyzed using appropriate statistical tests at a significance level of <0.05. Results: Before the program, the mean score of CCNs’ stress was 60.48 ± 9.51, corresponding to a moderate stress level of 86.7%. However, this score was significantly reduced to 30.98 ± 4.35 immediately after the program and was sustained at 33.13 ± 5.31 3 months after the program, corresponding to a mild stress level. The highest mean score of CCNs’ stress related to caring for patients with delirium was observed before the program for all causes of stress on the DNSS, being 4.95 ± 1.77 for the nursing environment, 9.37 ± 2.16 for relationships with peers, 14.40 ± 4.02 for knowledge about delirium, and 31.77 ± 5.78 for nursing practice and work. However, the mean stress scores related to all these causes showed a significant reduction after the program (2.85 ± 0.95, 4.70 ± 1.33, 7.20 ± 1.67, and 16.23 ± 2.80, respectively) and at the 3-month follow-up (3.15 ± 1.05, 4.95 ± 1.23, 7.67 ± 1.66 and 17.37 ± 3.57, respectively). On the other hand, the mean score of total stress for all DNSS items showed a significant reduction from 60.48 ± 9.51 before the program to 30.98 ± 4.35 after the program and 33.13 ± 5.31 at the 3-month follow-up. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean scores of delirium-related stress before and after the program, or at the 3-month follow-up for any of the demographic characteristics of CCNs. Conclusion: Psychoeducational and relaxation programs have a positive impact on stress reduction in CCNs caring for patients with delirium, improving the standard of care provided to these patients. Regular assessment of CCNs for delirium-related stress and educating them to acquire knowledge and skills are recommended to reduce this stress when caring for delirious patients.

The Effect of Benson Relaxation Technique on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in Pregnant Women.

Relaxation programs can be effective in establishing psychological tranquility for maternal and fetal health. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of this low-cost, effective, easy method on the stress, anxiety, and depression in pregnant women. This randomized clinical trial study was conducted from July 2015 to July 2016. Seventy pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy were included in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to 2 groups of 35 subjects using a random number table. Participants in group 1 received relaxation training and group 2 received routine care. A demographic questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were completed before and 1 and 2 months after the intervention. The SPSS software version 18 was used for data analysis. There were significant differences in the mean difference of the total DASS score (14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4 to 32) as well as the scores of stress (4; 95% CI : 1 to 10), anxiety (6; 95% CI: 2 to 10), and depression (6; 95% CI: 2 to 12) 2 months after the intervention between the 2 groups. The Benson relaxation technique decreased DASS-21 scores in the intervention group.

The Phenomenon of Psychosomatic Disorders Among Students at Al Kamal Islamic Boarding School, Tambaksari Subdistrict, Kuwarasan District, Kebumen

Islamic boarding schools are educational institutions aimed at providing teachings and understanding of Islamic religion. The life within a boarding school differs greatly from the outside world, which can be shocking for new students. When new students enter a boarding school, they undergo a drastic transition from a free life to a life full of rules. This drastic change often causes many students to feel uncomfortable and experience stress. The stress experienced by students can lead to problems such as anxiety, inability to concentrate during lessons, and psychosomatic disorders. Psychosomatic disorders have also occurred at Al Kamal Islamic Boarding School in Tambaksari, Kuwarasan District, Kebumen. The phenomenon of psychosomatic disorders at Al Kamal Islamic Boarding School has been experienced by several students, showing symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and unexplained pain. These psychosomatic disorders can be addressed through relaxation programs for students at the boarding school. This relaxation program aims to provide education and socialization about psychosomatic disorders, including their causes, symptoms, and ways to overcome them. After receiving education and socialization at Al Kamal Islamic Boarding School, students have knowledge about psychosomatic disorders and how to overcome them. Students also engage in relaxation activities to prevent and minimize psychosomatic disorders.

Effect of mHealth-based relaxation program on stress coping and anxiety levels in mothers of children with cancer: A randomized controlled study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the effects of a mHealth-based relaxation program on anxiety and stress coping levels in mothers of children with cancer. MethodsThis randomized controlled, single-blind, parallel-group trial was conducted in the pediatric hematology-oncology unit of a university hospital. The study was completed by 50 mothers (intervention group: n = 25; control group: n = 25). The mothers in the intervention group participated in a mHealth-based relaxation program for eight weeks (including progressive muscle relaxation, guided imagery, and the four-leaf clover of mindfulness). Videos of the relaxation program were sent to mothers’ WhatsApp accounts. The mothers in the control group received routine care. The State-Trait Anxiety and Stress Coping Scales were administered during the first and eighth weeks. The registration number of this study on ClinicalTrials.gov is NCT05807295. ResultsMothers who participated in the relaxation program had lower anxiety levels and higher stress-coping scores than those in the control group (p < 0.05). ConclusionProgressive muscle relaxation exercises, guided imagery, and cognitive-based therapeutic approaches were effective in reducing mothers’ anxiety and stress coping. Practice implicationsPediatric oncology nurses can apply mHealth-based relaxation programs to support caregivers, particularly mothers. In this way, ensuring the continuity and integrity of care is easy.

Stress Relief Measurements in Young Adults and Adolescents&amp;#8212;A Comparative Pilot Study with Different Relaxation Programs

Stress Relief Measurements in Young Adults and Adolescents&amp;#8212;A Comparative Pilot Study with Different Relaxation Programs

Implementation of a workplace protection system and its correlation with experiences of workplace violence: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundWhile customer interactions are inherent and essential aspects of the service industry, instances of violence against service workers have brought social attention to the need for a system to ensure their protection. In South Korea, a protection system for the health of service workers has been implemented to prevent this type of violence and its negative consequences. This study conducted a comparative analysis to clarify the impacts of this protection system across a sample of service workers. We collected data on their general characteristics, occupational characteristics, and experiences with the service protection system to determine how those factors were related to workplace violence, with a focus on whether the system has reduced such occurrences.MethodsWe collected self-reported survey data over 28 days (March 2 to March 30, 2020), resulting in 1,349 (99.3%) responses for our final analysis. We conducted a chi-square test and logistic regression analysis to investigate the general and occupational characteristics, experiences of violence, and experiences with the worker protection system.ResultsWe found workplace violence is more observed among males, older workers, electronic equipment repairers, irregular workers, and those who worked for extended periods. On the other hand, we found a reduction in the occurrence of workplace violence in businesses that provided service workers with regular counseling from professional counselors, had designated persons responsible for grievance procedures, and/or had grievance procedure committees. We found the lowest likelihood of workplace violence in businesses that operated stress relaxation programs (all p < 0.01).ConclusionsThis study identified a correlation between the adoption of the protection system for service workers and the prevalence of workplace violence. We also clarified the effects of the service protection system and developed a plan for its expansion.Key pointsThis study clarified the correlation between the adoption of the protection system for service workers and the occurrence of workplace violence. Along with our investigation of the protection system’s effects, these findings provide a basis for expanding Korea’s existing worker protection system.

The The impact of credit relaxation policies on sustainability performance of MSMEs

This research should explore the mechanisms through which credit relaxation policies influence sustainability performance and the conditions under which these policies are most effective during the pandemic covid-19, the most crisis MSMEs are Facing. This research is very urgent for elevate government policy with continuous improvement, especially for credit relxation policy. This research focuses on the impact of credit relaxation policies on the sustainability performance of MSMEs. Data analysis of 123 respondents was conducted using smart-PLS03 software. Research results show that the cost relaxation program, directly and indirectly, affects SMEs'SMEs' sustainability performance. Furthermore, various relaxation programs significantly affect SMEs' sustainability performance and have the highest contribution. The finding of the credit relaxation policy positively influences the sustainability performance of MSMEs in Indonesia, especially in the Jabodetabek area. This means that the better the credit relaxation policy set by the government during the pandemic, the more sustainable performance of MSMEs, especially in Indonesia, can be encouraged.

The Positive Effect of The Forest Environment in The Ecotherapy Healing Forest Program on The Physical and Mental Health After COVID-19

This research is aimed at students who are currently experiencing excessive coursework and high emotional stress after COVID-19. Where if these conditions are not immediately addressed, it can cause mental illness. The Ecotherapy Healing Forest program offers several activities in it, such as relaxation programs to relieve stress, walks in the forest, and sensory elements to be given to the participants. In this study, 44 student participants were used from class 2018 – class 2021 at Kapuas Sintang University. Participants will be measured their blood sugar levels and oxygen saturation by medical personnel, and given the DASS 42 questionnaire to measure participants’ stress levels. Measurements will be accrued out 5 repetitions of the Ecotherapy Healing Forest program at different times. The results of this study revealed that there was a significant decrease in blood sugar levels, oxygen saturation and stress levels in the participants after participating in the Ecotherapy Healing Forest program. However, for smoking students, the Ecotherapy Healing Forest treatment does not have a significant effect on oxygen saturation values. Therefore, the authors propose Ecotherapy Healing Forest as a non-pharmacological intervention to relieve stress while improving physical health (blood sugar levels and oxygen saturation) for students.

INTELLECTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UKRAINE IN WARTIME

In this paper we have made an attempt of statistical analysis: we extracted the types of businesses related to IE using open data on the site of State Statistics Service of Ukraine. As a result, the most significant components of IE turned out to be Information and Telecommunication (27% of the total turnover), Financial and insurance activities (27%), and Professional, scientific and technical activities (26%). Real estate transactions - 18%, percentage of Education appeared to be insignificant (1%), as well as percentage of Arts, sports, entertainment and recreation (1%). We have outlined their problems and possible solutions. IT sphere is the biggest and highly developed type of IE in Ukraine, rapidly growing despite the war. Its main problems are devastation of premises and equipment, power outages, while the solutions are relocation, focus on military programs, and opening offices abroad, in the EU countries. The main problems of Finance and insurance activities are credit losses, uneven inflow of new funds, and power outages. The solutions are Regulatory relaxation and Government support programs. The main problems of Professional, scientific and technical activities are the occupation of scientific and educational institutions, temporary relocation of scientists, limited access to equipment, loss of scientific information, etc. The main solutions are International projects for supporting Ukrainian scientists in Ukraine and abroad. The real estate market decreased nearly three times during the full-scale war due to Decreasing purchasing power of people and high risks of buying property. The main solution is the state program eOselya of preferential mortgage for certain categories of citizens. The main problems of Education are devastation of premises, equipment, and brain drain. The main solutions are relocation, remote work, and international aid. To sum it up, for IE development in Ukraine, especially during the war, we suggest the next measures. First and foremost, to implement statistical accounting by aggregating the types of activities actually related to IE, and ensure that correct data are available for each statistical period. Second, to develop special governmental program of support of IE during the war, especially of the most vulnerable activities, such as Education and Professional, scientific and technical activities. Only under these conditions will IE in Ukraine grow and become a driver of innovative change during the war and after the victory.

Effectiveness of Stress Management and Relaxation Training in Reducing Negative Affect and Improving Quality of Life of Women with Breast Cancer

Background: At 2005, stomach, gullet, breast and prostate cancer were diagnosed as the leading causes of cancer among Iranian population. The purpose of this pilot study with follow-up and control groups was to investigate the effectiveness of stress management and relaxation training for Women with Breast Cancer (B-SMART) in reducing the negative affect and improving quality of Life of women with breast cancer.&#x0D; Methods: The population of the study were all the women with breast cancer who referred to Mostafa Khomeyni Hospital and 18 patients based on inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly allocated to experimental group (9 patients) and control group (9 patients). The stress management and relaxation training program for women with breast cancer was performed on the experimental group during 10 weekly sessions. PANAS questionnaire for Negative Affect and QLQ -C30, QLQ-Br23 questionnaires for quality of life, were completed by both groups before, after and 2 months after program.&#x0D; Results: The data analyzed using Variance for repeated measures (tests of within Subjects effects and between Subjects effects) revealed that B-SMART led to a significant decrease in negative affect and improvement in some subscales of quality of life in experimental group after training and 2 months later in comparison with the control group.&#x0D; Conclusion: Stress management and relaxation programs for women with breast cancer will increase their quality of life and psychological status.

Implementation and evaluation of an individualized physical exercise promotion program in people with manifested risk factors for multimorbidity (MultiPill-Exercise): a study protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial

BackgroundMultimorbidity is a major problem in Europe, increasing the need for prevention and rehabilitation programs. In Germany no guidelines have been developed that focus on patients with multiple chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Benefits of physical activity (PA) and exercise in NCDs have been proven, but most interventions focus on single conditions. The evaluation of the effectiveness, efficiency and safety of PA programs in patients suffering from multiple NCDs and the feasibility of the implementation within the health care service remain open research questions.MethodsThe multi-site randomized controlled pragmatic trial includes 320 sedentary subjects with at least two of the following NCDs, either manifested or in a pre-stage with evident risk factors: Cardio-vascular disease, Diabetes mellitus type 2, knee/ hip osteoarthritis and obesity. Participants will be recruited from general practitioners and medical specialists and randomized to standard care of a statutory health insurance or MultiPill-Exercise. Standard care includes a choice of one or a maximum of two 8- to 12-week health programs, including nutrition, exercise, relaxation or special disease management programs. MultiPill-Exercise is based on the bio-psycho-social health model, considering a person-oriented perspective in light of given individual characteristics and context factors. The 24-weeks intervention focuses on aerobic and strengthening exercises in line with the WHO PA recommendations. Psychological and pedagogical elements along with behavior change techniques are implemented to ease the initiation and maintenance of exercise participation and lifestyle change, including nutrition. Primary outcome will be short- and long-term PA measured with the European Health Interview Survey-Physical Activity Questionnaire (EHIS-PAQ). Secondly, the effectiveness of the program on generic, disease specific, economic, and exercise behavioral parameters, as well as program adherence and safety will be evaluated.DiscussionResults of this trial evaluate the PA intervention program in people with multiple NCDs in a real-life scenario. It will serve as a proof of concept with the opportunity of translation into routine practice. This approach, as a multi-site RCT with its rigorous methods and standardized operating procedures for the conduction of the intervention, will allow valid conclusions for the implementation of PA interventions in people with multimorbidity.Trial registrationThe trial was registered at www.drks.de (ID: DRKS00025033) on 30th September 2021.

Foreign language anxiety of an Ecuadorian polytechnic university’s English undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeThis research aimed to identify the levels of stress students experience, the different sources that generate them and the relationship between the stress levels and the students' gender.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-methods design was used, focusing on the quantitative stage. The qualitative section was designed to obtain supporting information. 86 Ecuadorian undergraduate polytechnic students enrolled in an English course took part in this study. Quantitative data are obtained using the Telecollaborative Foreign Language Anxiety Scale (T-FLAS), while online interviews supply insight from students.FindingsThe present research identified four types of anxiety related to emergency remote teaching (ERT). Communication anxiety is one of them that has also been found in regular foreign language classes (Horowitz et al., 1986). However, the actual contribution is regarding the other three sources of ERT-related anxiety: Online interaction anxiety, ERT anxiety and technology anxiety. Also, it was identified that girls experience higher anixety levels than men do.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation of this study is the T-FLAS, a tool that has not been widely used. However, as Fondo and Jacobetty (2020) reported, other papers have made use of this novel tool. Another limitation to this research is the number of participants; although it is not very small, it might not be considered large enough for generalization purposes. Also, this study was limited by its scope, which only looked at the relationship between the students' genders and anxiety levels.Practical implicationsFirst, this researcher recommends that language departments use the survey at the beginning of each semester. That way, there will be a clear idea of the sources of anxiety students are experiencing, and measures can be taken to lower those anxiety-causing factors. Also, this study shows students experiencing a high level of anxiety when they are required to interact with their peers using a foreign language. Thus, supplying practice through guided discussions and role-plays should allow learners to reduce their anxiety levels and perform better during these kinds of exchanges in the short term.Social implicationsAnother issue reported by this study is the feelings of uneasiness when turning cameras on to do an exercise or taking quizzes and exams, as learners feel like their classmates and teachers are invading their homes. It is recommended that the Student Welfare Department of the educational institutions deal with this and other issues. They can design intervention, relaxation and yoga programs for students who are feeling anxious to help them lower those feeling and allow them to have better interactions in class during these times of remote learning.Originality/valueThis paper's originality lies in the fact that it looks at anxiety from the point of view of the COVID-19 pandemic and the move it had to be made to the digital realm. It identifies three factors that are new and related 100% to emergency remote teaching–learning. It is also valuable as it is looking at data emerging for a South American country, as data are scarce from this continent and especially from Ecuador.

Effect of Benson’s Relaxation Technique on Post-operative Stress and Pain among Women Undergone Abdominal Hysterectomy

Introduction: Relaxation programs can be effective in establishing psychological tranquility for patients after surgery [1]. Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus and its surrounding structures [2]. The vast majority of individuals who undergo surgery endure post-operative pain, which is not only excruciating and distressing, but can also lead to problems and a longer recovery time. Pain worsens stress reactions, resulting in increased tissue breakdown, coagulation, and fluid retention, all of which are detrimental to patient recovery [3].&#x0D; Background: Women's reproductive health is a worldwide issue with far-reaching impacts for the health, well-being, and development of the entire population [4]. A hysterectomy is performed on about 300 women out of every 100,000 [5]. Younger women may be depressed following a hysterectomy since they have squandered their fertility [6]. Dr. Herbert Benson developed the Benson relaxation technique, which is a type of meditation that focuses on muscle relaxation followed by focused breathing to relieve stress [7].&#x0D; Objective: 1.To assess the stress and pain among women undergone abdominal hysterectomy in experimental group. 2. To assess the stress and pain among women undergone abdominal hysterectomy in control group. 3. To assess the efficacy of benson’s relaxation technique in stress and pain among women undergone abdominal hysterectomy in experimental group. 4. To find out association between stress and pain score with selected demographical variables in experimental group. 5. To find out association between stress and pain score with selected demographical variables in control group.&#x0D; Methodology: A pretest post-test control group and experimental group research design was adopted to assess the efficacy of benson’s relaxation technique on stress and pain among women undergone abdominal hysterectomy. In this study 100 women who fulfill the inclusion criteria were selected by purposive random sampling technique to collect data from selected hospitals of wardha. Secondary outcome involve evaluation of efficacy of benson’s relaxation technique given to the experimental group.&#x0D; Expected Results: This study is mainly planned to evaluate efficacy of benson’s relaxation technique on stress and pain among women undergone abdominal hysterectomy. Hence, it is expected that the stress and pain may reduced around 60% after providing benson’s relaxation technique to women undergone abdominal hysterectomy. The conclusion will be drawn from the results and will be published in peer review journal.

Improving Stress Management and Sleep Hygiene in Intelligent Homes

High stress levels and sleep deprivation may cause several mental or physical health issues, such as depression, impaired memory, decreased motivation, obesity, etc. The COVID-19 pandemic has produced unprecedented changes in our lives, generating significant stress, and worries about health, social isolation, employment, and finances. To this end, nowadays more than ever, it is crucial to deliver solutions that can help people to manage and control their stress, as well as to reduce sleep disturbances, so as to improve their health and overall quality of life. Technology, and in particular Ambient Intelligence Environments, can help towards that direction, when considering that they are able to understand the needs of their users, identify their behavior, learn their preferences, and act and react in their interest. This work presents two systems that have been designed and developed in the context of an Intelligent Home, namely CaLmi and HypnOS, which aim to assist users that struggle with stress and poor sleep quality, respectively. Both of the systems rely on real-time data collected by wearable devices, as well as contextual information retrieved from the ambient facilities of the Intelligent Home, so as to offer appropriate pervasive relaxation programs (CaLmi) or provide personalized insights regarding sleep hygiene (HypnOS) to the residents. This article will describe the design process that was followed, the functionality of both systems, the results of the user studies that were conducted for the evaluation of their end-user applications, and a discussion about future plans.

Branch-and-Reduction Algorithm for Indefinite Quadratic Programming Problem

This paper presents a rectangular branch-and-reduction algorithm for globally solving indefinite quadratic programming problem (IQPP), which has a wide application in engineering design and optimization. In this algorithm, first of all, we convert the IQPP into an equivalent bilinear optimization problem (EBOP). Next, a novel linearizing technique is presented for deriving the linear relaxation programs problem (LRPP) of the EBOP, which can be used to obtain the lower bound of the global optimal value to the EBOP. To obtain a global optimal solution of the EBOP, the main computational task of the proposed algorithm involves the solutions of a sequence of LRPP. Moreover, the global convergent property of the algorithm is proved, and numerical experiments demonstrate the higher computational performance of the algorithm.

HUBUNGAN RESTRUKTURISASI PERJANJIAN PEMBIAYAAN KONSUMEN SEPEDA MOTOR DENGAN POJK NO.11/POJK.03/2020 TENTANG STIMULUS PEREKONOMIAN NASIONAL

The government enforces various kinds of regulations in providing protection to the public, one of which is through the Financial Services Authority (OJK) by issuing POJK Number 11 / POJK.03 / 2020 concerning National Economic Stimulus as a Countercyclical Policy on the Impact of the Spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019. This regulates the implementation of the relaxation policy. against debtors affected by the new Corona Virus or Covid-19 outbreak. The restructuring carried out by the financing institution is carried out in accordance with the guidelines issued by the OJK based on POJK Number 11 / POJK.03 / 2020. However, the implementation is left to the policies of each financing institution, the relief scheme may vary, among others, in the form of lowering interest rates, adjusting principal or interest installments, extension of time or other matters determined by the bank or financing institution. This regulation does not regulate sanctions against banks / financing companies that do not provide restructuring / relaxation programs for debtor customers, because they are not coercive, the language used in this POJK is "can" not "must".

I do not want to smile! A response to customer mistreatment

Building upon social exchange theory and personality models, this study aimed to examine why and to what extent experiencing customer incivility leads employees to engage in emotional deviance. More precisely, we argued that negative emotions would act as a mediator in this relationship and that employees’ resilience would moderate this mediation. A total of 419 frontline employees participated in this study. Using the latent moderated structural equations method, this research showed that negative emotions mediated the relationship between customer incivility and emotional deviance. Moreover, as expected, employees’ resilience moderated the indirect effect of customer incivility on emotional deviance through negative emotions. More specifically, the indirect effect emerged as weaker for resilient as compared to non-resilient individuals. Overall, this study offers several practical implications for managers and organizations. Specifically, it proposes that managers and organizations should offer training programs to improve stress management and emotion regulation, such as relaxation, mindfulness techniques, and resilience-building programs.

Resistance training as an acute stressor in healthy young men: associations with heart rate variability, alpha-amylase, and cortisol levels

Regular resistance training has been shown to have many physiological and psychological health benefits. However, the underlying physiological processes are not yet fully understood. One explanation is that resistance training acts like an acute stressor and modulates physiological pathways that are associated with the stress response such as the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This was systematically investigated in our study. Participants were 45 healthy men who had been doing resistance training regularly for at least nine months. Salivary α-amylase and heart rate that were used as markers for SNS activity increased during the training and decreased afterwards. PNS activity that was assessed by means of heart rate variability parameters decreased during the training and increased after it. Salivary cortisol that was used as marker for HPA axis activity decreased throughout the session. Furthermore, an improvement of positive affect was found after the training. However, additional analyses indicated that the physiological response patterns were found for participants who chose upper-body exercises (in contrast to lower-body exercises) only. Therefore, we were able to show that an upper-body resistance training acts partially like an acute stressor which leads to the typical SNS and PNS – but not HPA axis – stress responses. We conclude that resistance trainings might be an alternative to classical relaxation programs which would have the additional advantage that it is a physical training at the same time. However, more research is needed to develop specific trainings which entirely fulfill this goal.

Prevalence and determinants of tension headache among medical students during their clinical years at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, 2019

Background: Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common primary headache disorder among medical students. It affects academic performance and the quality of the student's daily lives. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of TTH and associated factors among students at King Abdulaziz University (KAU) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study involved students at KAU in the academic years from 4th to 6th grades during the calendar year of 2019. For sampling purposes, we adopted a stratified proportional random sampling technique, and for data collection, we used a self-administered questionnaire. We defined TTH according to the diagnostic criteria in the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3b) from the International Headache Society (HIS). Results: A total of 387 medical students were approached, 50.1% were females, and 49.9% were males; their mean age was 22.8 ± SD 1.4. The lifetime TTH was 43.9%, and the 1-year prevalence TTH was 28.9%, these included both frequent TTH 25% and infrequent TTH 73%. Only 2% suffered from chronic TTH. Female sex was an unconfounded predictor for TTH, and sleeping for less than 8 hours/night was significantly associated with TTH (p Conclusion: tension-type headache is a common problem among medical students. It is highly recommended to provide a stress-free study environment, stress management courses, and relaxation programs. Keywords: Tension-type headache, Prevalence, Medical students, Saudi Arabia.

The Therapy of Aggressivness of Persons with Mental Handicap Combined with Further Mental Diseases

The main purpose of the research work is to prove the link between the guided regular activation and relaxation practised by users of the Regime Community Housing (people with a mental handicap in combination of other mental diseases and aggressive behaviour) and the amount of aggressive behaviour that comes along with a crisis intervention of the caring staff. The research highlights the quantity. As a tool for gathering the research data was used the information system of the social services eQuip. From the research is obvious that when users regularly practice ventilation and they participate in the activation programs along with going through the anxiety therapy as a part of guided relaxation programs, the amount of crisis interventions of the caring staff in Regime Community Housing gradually decreases. In the research period /2014-2017/ the number of crisis intervention dropped up to 56%. As a benefit of the research is considered the increase of competencies in the area of the regulation of their own behaviour, which creates good conditions for the reduction of antipsychotic medication therapeutic doses given to individual users of the service. During the research period, the antipsychotic medication in six out of eight users was reduced by 59%.