Related Variables Research Articles

Maternal Stress Mediates Association of Infant Socioemotional Development with Perinatal Mental Health in Socioeconomically Vulnerable Peruvian Settings.

Increased maternal mental health during the perinatal period has been widely associated with a variety of positive outcomes for both mothers and infants. However, no studies in Peru have yet focused on studying maternal mental health and related psychological variables during this stage. Thus, the aim of this study was to test a model to associate a mother's parental stress with infant socioemotional difficulties and maternal mental health. The sample included 988 mothers of infants aged 6 to 18 months from Peru, all from socioeconomically vulnerable settings. The findings showed that infant socioemotional difficulties were associated with poorer maternal mental health through the mother's parental stress (χ2(7) = 28.89, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.03). These results provide a better understanding of the key elements associated with maternal mental health during the perinatal period in Peru and offer valuable insights for developing interventions and support strategies for socioeconomically vulnerable mothers and their young children.

Modeling of functional language interpreter with metaprogramming

The purpose of the research consists of modeling an interpreter for a functional programming language with metaprogramming capabilities and analyzing ways to implement primitive operators based on macros.Methods. A formal model of a functional language interpreter, which is a subset of Common Lisp, was developed with denotational semantics, which allows you to accurately describe the behavior of the interpreter when calculating language elements such as quoting, accessing variables, sequence of actions, branching, assignment, abstraction, application.Results. Based on denotational semantics, the architecture of a functional language interpreter with metaprogramming capabilities was developed. Numbers, symbols, pairs, strings and arrays were chosen as the basic types of objects. To store objects, a tag architecture was used, where the low-order bits of the object address are always zero, so they can store the object type code and the tag bit. Objects are allocated and freed automatically: a mark and cleanup algorithm is used for garbage collection. Using macros, branching operators, complete and incomplete, selection operator, and block operators of related variables were implemented. Conclusion. As a result of the work, a functional language interpreter with metaprogramming capabilities was implemented. Using macros, primitive operators of condition, selection, and a block of related variables were implemented. Using these operators as an example, it is shown that using metaprogramming, only basic forms and primitives can be built into the interpreter, and the other operators can be implemented using metaprogramming, which makes it possible to simplify and reduce the amount of interpreter code.

Contextual similarities in psychological flexibility: the Brazil-Portugal transcultural adaptation of Psy-Flex

Psychological Flexibility is an essential concept in Contextual Behavioural Sciences. The development of instruments is vital for its study, and it is an opportunity to reflect on this concept. Among the measures of this construct, Psy-Flex shows promise due to comprehensiveness in assessing the six facets of psychological flexibility and its pragmatic value. In the present study, we sought to translate Psy-Flex to Portuguese and adapt it transculturally for use in Portugal and Brazil. The translation was done independently by Brazilian and Portuguese researchers, and a consensus procedure was done to identify a synthesis. A total of 873 adults from Portugal and Brazil were involved in this study. The participants completed several questionnaires with ACT-related measures (e.g., cognitive fusion, mindful attention) and instruments measuring conceptually related variables (e.g., positive mental health). The results show good psychometric properties of PsyFlex. The one-factor structure of the original instrument was confirmed in both the Portuguese and Brazilian samples. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good fit of the model to the data (CFI = 0.985, RMSEA = 0.055) of both countries. Furthermore, the Psy-Flex showed convergent validity with related measures in a conceptually expected way. As a transcultural instrument, we argue that both the similarities and differences across samples suggest the broad human nature of psychological flexibility while retaining its context sensitivity.

Assessment of Water Intake among Chinese Toddlers: The Report of a Survey.

Toddlerhood (aged 13~36 months) is a period of dietary transition, with water intake being significantly influenced by parental feeding patterns, cultural traditions, and the availability of beverages and food. Nevertheless, given the lack of applicable data, it is challenging to guide and evaluate the water intake of toddlers in China. In this study, our objectives were to assess the daily total water intake (TWI), evaluate the consumption patterns of various beverages and food sources contributing to the TWI, determine the conformity of participants to the adequate intake (AI) recommendation of water released by the Chinese Nutrition Society, and analyze the various contributors to the daily total energy intake (TEI). The data for the assessment of water and dietary intake were obtained from the cross-sectional dietary intake survey of infants and young children (DSIYC, 2018-2019). A total of 1360 eligible toddlers were recruited in the analysis. The differences in related variables between two age groups were compared by Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-Square test. The potential correlation between water and energy intake was examined utilizing age-adjusted partial correlation. Toddlers consumed a median daily TWI of 1079 mL, with 670 mL (62.3%, r = 0.752) derived from beverages and 393 mL (37.7%, r = 0.716) from foods. Plain water was the primary beverage source, contributing 300 mL (52.2%, r = 0.823), followed by milk and milk derivatives (MMDs) at 291 mL (45.6%, r = 0.595). Notably, only 28.4% of toddlers managed to reach the recommended AI value. Among these, toddlers obtain more water from beverages than from foods. The median daily TEI of toddlers was 762 kcal, including 272 kcal from beverages (36.4%, r = 0.534) and 492 kcal from foods (63.6%, r = 0.894). Among these, the median daily energy intake from MMDs was 260 kcal, making up 94.6% of the energy intake from beverages (r = 0.959). As the pioneer survey on TWI of toddlers in China based on nationally representative data, attention to the quality and quantity of water intake and actions to better guide parents by both individuals and authorities are eagerly anticipated. Additionally, the revision of the reference value of TWI for Chinese toddlers is urgently required.

Motion robust coronary MR angiography using zigzag centric ky-kz trajectory and high-resolution deep learning reconstruction.

To develop a new MR coronary angiography (MRCA) technique by employing a zigzag fan-shaped centric ky-kz k-space trajectory combined with high-resolutiondeep learning reconstruction (HR-DLR). All imaging data were acquired from 12 healthy subjects and 2 patients using two clinical 3-T MR imagers, with institutional review board approval. Ten healthy subjects underwent both standard 3D fast gradient echo (sFGE) and centric ky-kz k-space trajectory FGE (cFGE) acquisitions to compare the scan time and image quality. Quantitative measures were also performed for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) as well as sharpness of the vessel. Furthermore, the feasibility of the proposed cFGE sequence was assessed in two patients. For assessing the feasibility of the centric ky-kz trajectory, the navigator-echo window of a 30-mm threshold was applied in cFGE, whereas sFGE was applied using a standard 5-mm threshold. Image quality of MRCA using cFGE with HR-DLR and sFGE without HR-DLR was scored in a 5-point scale (non-diagnostic = 1, fair = 2, moderate = 3, good = 4, and excellent = 5). Image evaluation of cFGE, applying HR-DLR, was compared with sFGE without HR-DLR. Friedman test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, or paired t tests were performed for the comparison of related variables. The actual MRCA scan time of cFGE with a 30-mm threshold was acquired in less than 5min, achieving nearly 100% efficiency, showcasing its expeditious and robustness. In contrast, sFGE was acquired with a 5-mm threshold and had an average scan time of approximately 15min. Overall image quality for MRCA was scored 3.3 for sFGE and 2.7 for cFGE without HR-DLR but increased to 3.6 for cFGE with HR-DLR and (p < 0.05). The clinical result of patients obtained within 5min showed good quality images in both patients, even with a stent, without artifacts. Quantitative measures of SNR, CNR, and sharpness of vessel presented higher in cFGE with HR-DLR. Our findings demonstrate a robust, time-efficient solution for high-quality MRCA, enhancing patient comfort and increasing clinical throughput.

Ongoing Decline in Continuity With GPs in English General Practices: A Longitudinal Study Across the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Relationship continuity of care has declined across English primary health care, with cross-sectional and longitudinal variations between general practices predicted by population and service factors. We aimed to describe cross-sectional and longitudinal variations across the COVID-19 pandemic and determine whether practice factors predicted the variations. We conducted a longitudinal, ecological study of English general practices during 2018-2022 with continuity data, excluding practices with fewer than 750 patients or National Health Service (NHS) payments exceeding £500 per patient. Variables were derived from published data. The continuity measure was the product of weighted responses to 2 General Practice Patient Survey questions. In a multilevel mixed-effects model, the fixed effects were 11 variables' interactions with time: baseline continuity, NHS region, deprivation, location, percentage White ethnicity, list size, general practitioner and nurse numbers, contract type, NHS payments per patient, and percentage of patients seen on the same day as booking. The random effects were practices. Main analyses were based on 6,010 practices (out of 7,190 active practices). During 2018-2022, mean continuity in these practices declined (from 29.3% to 19.0%) and the coefficient of variation across practices increased (from 48.1% to 63.6%). Both slopes were steepest between 2021 and 2022. Practices having more general practitioners and higher percentages of patients seen the same day had slower declines. Practices having higher baseline continuity, located in certain non-London regions, and having higher percentages of White patients had faster declines. The remaining variables were not predictors. Variables potentially associated with greater appointment availability predicted slower declines in continuity, with worsening declines and relative variability immediately after the COVID-19 lockdown, possibly reflecting surges in demand. To achieve better levels of continuity for those seeking it, practices can increase appointment availability within appointment systems that prioritize continuity.Annals Early Access article.

Impact of surgeon variability on outcomes after total shoulder arthroplasty: an analysis of 2188 surgeons

BackgroundThere has been limited evaluation of surgeon-specific factors on outcomes after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). The goals of this study were (1) to determine the impact of surgeon procedural volume, career duration, practice type, and fellowship training on TSA outcomes at 2-year follow-up and (2) to evaluate the relative importance of surgeon variables in relation to patient variables in influencing outcomes. MethodsThe PearlDiver Mariner database was queried to identify all surgeons who performed a minimum of 11 TSA procedures from 2010 to 2018. An Internet search of publicly available data was performed to determine the career duration, practice type, and fellowship training of each surgeon. Multivariate logistic regression models were built to determine the relationship between surgeon-specific variables and 2-year surgical complications and revisions and 90-day readmissions. Variable importance of patient-specific and surgeon-specific factors was determined by the Akaike information criterion increase of these models. ResultsA total of 2188 surgeons who performed 93,122 TSA procedures were identified in this database. Higher reverse TSA surgical volume was associated with fewer surgical complications and revisions, although such a relationship was not observed for anatomic TSA. Revision after anatomic TSA was more common among surgeons who were in their first 5 years of practice. There was a higher risk of surgical complication and readmission among academic surgeons, but this did not equate with a higher risk of revision. The impact of these surgeon-specific factors on outcomes was small in relation to patient-level variables, such as age, sex, and number of medical comorbidities. ConclusionSurgeon procedural volume, career duration, and practice setting influence the surgical complication, revision, and readmission rates after TSA. The impact of surgeon factors was small relative to patient variables, highlighting the importance of patient selection in mitigating adverse outcomes.

Psychodynamic Psychotherapy with Adolescents: Endings and their Association with Sociodemographic Characteristics and Symptoms

ABSTRACT Child and adolescent psychopathology prevalence is a topic of discussion worldwide, affecting 14% of this population globally. Psychodynamic psychotherapy is one approach for the treatment of those conditions. However, besides qualified provision of psychodynamic psychotherapy being hard to reach, dropout is also a relevant issue, occurring in up to 72% of cases. The present study aimed to assess the predictive role of sociodemographic, family, and symptom variables in relation to treatment endings (i.e. non-adherence, dropout, completion) for 747 adolescents who received psychodynamic psychotherapy, through multinomial logistic regression and binary logistic regression. Family income, source of referral, motivation, and baseline clinical complaint were significantly different among ending types. Dropout cases presented higher rule-breaking behavior and externalizing problems scores when compared to treatment completers. Patients with higher family income, motivation for treatment, and presenting internalizing symptoms were more likely to be treatment completers.

Assessment of spatial air quality on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia utilizing environmetric techniques.

The presence of harmful substances in the atmosphere poses significant risks to the environment and public health. These pollutants can come from natural sources like dust and wildfires, or from human activities such as industrial, transportation, and agricultural practices. The objective of this study was to assess air quality on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia by analyzing historical data from the Department of Environment, Malaysia. Daily measurements of PM10, O3, SO2, NO2, and CO were collected from eight monitoring stations over 11years (2011-2021) and analyzed using environmetric techniques. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA) classified two stations as belonging to the high pollution cluster (HPC), three stations as part of the moderate pollution cluster (MPC), and three stations as the low pollution cluster (LPC). Discriminant analysis revealed a correct assignment rate of 90.50%, indicating that all five parameters were able to differentiate pollution levels with high significance (p < 0.0001). Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to validate the pattern of air quality variables in relation to the identified clusters (HPC, MPC, and LPC). The results showed that two verifactors (VFs) were extracted in HPC and LPC, while three VFs were identified in MPC. The cumulative variance explained by the PCA for HPC, MPC, and LPC was 69.43%, 82.32%, and 62.16%, respectively. Finally, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used to forecast the air pollutant index (API) levels, using the R2 and RMSE performance metrics. The PCA-MLP Model A yielded an R2 value of 0.8470 and an RMSE of 6.6470, while PCA-MLP Model B achieved an R2 value of 0.8591 and an RMSE of 6.3000, both indicating a significant and strong correlation.

Efficacy of Xuebijing injection for the treatment of acute lung injury: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundManagement guidelines for acute lung injury (ALI) are extremely limited. Xuebijing, a traditional Chinese medicine, exerts therapeutic effects in patients with ALI; however, supportive evidence is currently insufficient. Material and methodsA systematic literature search of seven electronic databases for randomised controlled trials assessing the efficacy of Xuebijing injections in patients with ALI, published from inception to March 31, 2024, was performed. The Risk of Bias assessment tool recommended by The Cochrane Collaboration was used for quality evaluation. Review Manager version 5.3 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) was used for analysis. Dichotomous variables are expressed as relative risk (RR) and continuous variables as standardised mean difference (SMD). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic and a funnel plot was used to visually assess publication bias. ResultsSixteen studies comprising 1327 patients were included. Xuebijing injection improved oxygenation index (SMD 1.08 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.79–1.38]), reduced the incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (RR 0.56 [95 % CI 0.42–0.74) and all-cause mortality (RR 0.48 [95 % CI 0.34–0.67]), and decreased serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (SMD -1.33 [95 % CI -1.50 to −1.17]) and interleukin-6 levels (SMD -1.35 [95 % CI -1.52 to −1.17]). The funnel plot indicated no publication bias. ConclusionXuebijing injection may be an effective treatment for ALI. However, this needs to be further confirmed in well-designed, large-sample, randomised controlled trials.

Oncologic outcomes after Total Mesometrial Resection (TMMR) or treatment according to current international guidelines in FIGO (2009) stages IB1-IIB cervical cancer: an observational cohort study

According to international guidelines, standard treatment (ST) with curative intent in cervical cancer (CC) comprises radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy in early stages (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2009 IB1, IIA1), adjuvant chemoradiation is recommended based on risk factors upon final pathology. Definitive chemoradiation is recommended in locally advanced stages (FIGO 2009 IB2, IIA2, IIB). Total mesometrial resection (TMMR) with therapeutic lymph node dissection (tLND) without adjuvant radiation has emerged as a promising treatment. Here we compare oncologic outcome by TMMR+tLND or ST. In this observational cohort study, women treated according to international guidelines were identified in the population-based registries from Sweden and women treated with TMMR were identified in the Leipzig Mesometrial Resection (MMR) Study Database (DRKS 0001517) 2011-2020. Relevant clinical and tumour related variables were extracted. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) by ST or TMMR was analysed with log-rank test, cumulative incidence function and proportional hazard regression yielding hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for relevant confounders. Between 2011 and 2020, 1007 women were included in the final analysis. 733 women were treated according to ST and 274 with TMMR. RFS at five years was 77.9% (95% CI 74.3-81.1) and 82.6% (95% CI 77.2-86.9) for the ST and TMMR cohorts respectively (p=0.053). In early-stage CC, RFS was higher after TMMR as compared to ST, 91.2% vs 81.8% (p=0.002). In the adjusted analysis, TMMR was associated with a lower hazard of recurrence (HR 0.39; 95% CI 0.22-0.69) and death (HR 0.42; 95% CI 0.21-0.86) compared to ST. The absolute difference in risk of recurrence at 5 years was 9.4% (95% CI 3.2-15.7) in favor of TMMR. In locally advanced CC, no significant differences in RFS or OS was observed. Compared to ST, TMMR without radiation therapy was associated with superior oncologic outcomes in women with early-stage cervical cancer whereas no difference was observed in locally advanced disease. Our findings together with previous evidence suggest that TMMR may be considered the primary option for both early-stage and locally advanced cervical cancer confined to the Müllerian compartment. This study was supported by grants from Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland (Sweden) and Region Stockholm (Sweden).

Socio-Economic, Socio-Personal and Demographic Profiling of KVK-Based Vermicompost Training Participants: Evidence from Bihar, India

Vermicompost is essentially a varied blend of decomposed farm waste, food waste, and worm castings, organically produced using different species of earthworms. This nutrient-dense organic fertilizer is gaining significant attention amid climate change concerns and the push for organic farming. Agricultural experts are increasingly advising farmers to transition from synthetic fertilizers to organic manures, prompting the need for training programs on vermicomposting to educate farmers about this valuable practice. This research aimed to examine the socioeconomic, demographic, and socio-personal characteristics of farmers who participated in three recent vermicomposting training sessions organized by three Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) in Bihar, India. This study adopted cross sectional survey design. The rationale behind this part of the project is to understand the various attributes of the training participants which could contribute in different ways to the adoption of vermicomposting. It also sought to reveal the status of those variables in relation to the adoption scenario amongst the current farming communities in those three districts. The study was carried out in three districts of Bihar—Samastipur, Muzaffarpur, and Madhubani—with a sample size of 150 farmers. Surveys were conducted in two blocks from each of these districts, selected purposefully. Data analysis was performed using statistical tools in SPSS to calculate the index for each individual farmer. A varied socio-demographic profile of the respondents was revealed who participated in the KVK-based vermicomposting training and it also provided a snapshot of the farming communities of the specific regions. This analysis concludes that the training sessions at three different KVKs attracted a diverse group of farm participants, characterized by varying demographic, socioeconomic, and socio-personal attributes. It is noteworthy that the majority of farmers who attended the vermicomposting training programs were small-scale and marginal farmers, with only a small percentage having high income levels. It is recommended to encourage stakeholder farmers to adopt this technology by providing training and support tailored to their socio-demographic profiles, as this could potentially increase the adoption rate among farmers.

The relative brain signal variability increases in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease but not in schizophrenia

Overlapping symptoms between Alzheimer’s disease (AD), behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), and schizophrenia (SZ) can lead to misdiagnosis and delays in appropriate treatment, especially in cases of early-onset dementia. To determine the potential of brain signal variability as a diagnostic tool, we assessed the coefficient of variation of the BOLD signal (CVBOLD) in 234 participants spanning bvFTD (n = 53), AD (n = 17), SZ (n = 23), and controls (n = 141). All underwent functional and structural MRI scans. Data unveiled a notable increase in CVBOLD in bvFTD patients across both datasets (local and international, p < 0.05), revealing an association with clinical scores (CDR and MMSE, r = 0.46 and r = −0.48, p < 0.0001). While SZ and control group demonstrated no significant differences, a comparative analysis between AD and bvFTD patients spotlighted elevated CVBOLD in the frontopolar cortices for the latter (p < 0.05). Furthermore, CVBOLD not only presented excellent diagnostic accuracy for bvFTD (AUC 0.78–0.95) but also showcased longitudinal repeatability. During a one-year follow-up, the CVBOLD levels increased by an average of 35% in the bvFTD group, compared to a 2% increase in the control group (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that CVBOLD holds promise as a biomarker for bvFTD, offering potential for monitoring disease progression and differentiating bvFTD from AD and SZ.

Incentive-salience attribution is attenuated in spontaneously hypertensive rats, an animal model of ADHD

Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) have been extensively studied as an animal model of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) because they show some of the defining features of that disorder, like some forms of impulsivity and hyperactivity. However, other characteristics of the disorder, like a deficit in motivation, have been scarcely studied in the SHR strain. In the present report, we studied in 45 SHR and 45 Wistar rats as a comparison group, the capacity of attribution of incentive salience to a stimulus predictor of reinforcement, which has become a central concept in the study of motivation. We employed the Pavlovian Conditioned-Approach (PCA) task, in which a lever is presented 8 s before a pellet is delivered. The attribution of incentive salience is indicated by responses to the lever, in contrast to the absence of attribution of incentive salience, which is indicated by entrances to the pellet receptacle. For quantifying the attribution of incentive salience, we employed the PCA index, which integrates three related variables for each type of response, lever presses and entrances to the feeder: 1) the number of responses, 2) the latency to the first response, and 3) the probability that at least one response occurred during the presence of the lever. SHR showed lower levels of PCA, suggesting a deficit in the attribution of incentive salience to the lever. This finding replicates the results reported by previous research that compared SHR’s performance in the PCA task against that of Sprague-Dawley rats.

Families of Children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Variables Associated with Family Quality of Life.

This study investigated the predictors that might influence the perception of families having a member with a disability regarding their quality of life (FQOL). The sample consisted of 320 family members from the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia. The overall results showed that participants' satisfaction with FQOL was at a moderate level. Further results indicated that variables associated with severity, type of disability, and the mother's age and education were significant predictors of the FQOL. These results emphasize the importance of considering the variables that impact FQOL, such as the severity and type of disability, and mother's related variables, when directing support to families with a member with a disability. The recommendations and limitations of the study were discussed.

Internet gaming disorder and the alternative five factor personality model: a study in a Spanish community sample

BackgroundThis study was designed to examine the prevalence and relationships between the Internet gaming disorder (IGD) behaviors, suggested by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), and personality traits.Participants and procedureA sample community of 1,548 subjects, 707 men and 841 women, with a mean age of 40.90 and 38.89 years, respectively, was evaluated.ResultsThe results showed that only 7 subjects (0.5%) exceeded the cut-off point of 75 points to be classed as “disordered gamers” proposed by Fuster et al. (2016) in Spain. This study demonstrates the unidimensionality of the IGD-20, so it can be used as an ordinal dimensional measure to study the relationship between IGD symptoms and other related variables such as per-sonality in community samples. A multiple linear regression analysis revealed that up to 8% of the variance of the Internet Gaming Disorder-20 scale (IGD-20), as a dimensional scale, can be explained by low activity, high aggressiveness, introver-sion, non-planning impulsivity, sensation seeking, neuroticism and impulsiveness (attention impulsivity) using the Alterna-tive Five Factor Model (AFFM) of personality and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11).ConclusionsThis study shows that the prevalence of IGD in the Spanish population is similar to that of other Western countries. The unidimensionality of the IGD-20 allows its use in correlational studies to examine the relationship between Internet gam-bling behaviors and personality variables. The implications of these personality profiles are discussed in relation to the psy-chological and clinical mechanisms involved in Internet gaming disorder.

Adolescent suicidal ideation: dissecting the role of sex in depression and NSSI predictors

BackgroundSuicidal ideation (SI) is increasingly prevalent among adolescents, often arising from depression and linked with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Previous studies have noted significant sex differences in the manifestation and predictors of SI, depression, and NSSI.AimThis study aims to analyze and compare the relationships between SI, depression, and NSSI among male and female adolescents, examining whether these associations differ based on sex.MethodsA total of 368 adolescents (M = 15.43, SD = 1.22, about 56.2% female participants), both from clinical and school settings, were assessed for SI, depression, NSSI, and other related variables. Network analysis was utilized to explore the interconnections among these variables, focusing on identifying sex-specific patterns. Logistic regression was used to confirm the findings from the network analysis.ResultsThe network analysis revealed significant sex differences in the relationships between SI, depression, and NSSI. In the female network, the edge weights between SI and NSSI (0.93) and between SI and depression (0.31) were much higher compared to the male network (0.29 and 0, respectively). Centrality indices (strength, betweenness, closeness, and expected influence) for SI, NSSI, and depression were also higher in the female network. Logistic regression confirmed these findings, with depression being a potential predictor of SI only in females (OR = 1.349, p = 0.001) and NSSI having a stronger influence on SI in females (OR = 13.673, p < 0.001) than in males (OR = 2.752, p = 0.037).ConclusionThe findings underscore the necessity of considering sex differences when predicting suicidal ideation from depression and NSSI in adolescents. Intervention and prevention strategies should be tailored to address these distinct patterns in male and female adolescents.

A rural teledentistry care experience: a geriatric approach to assessing oral health status and treatment needs in older adults from a Mapuche community in Chile.

Limited attention has been given to oral health challenges faced by older Indigenous populations, especially in rural settings, where disparities exist. This study aims to assess oral health in a rural Mapuche community in southern Chile, utilizing geriatric technology support, and exploring the connection between geriatric health and oral well-being to fill a gap in this context. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 76 independent older adults from a rural Mapuche community who required dental care. Assessments were in a remote care setting gathering extensive data including comprehensive geriatric assessments, medical and dental conditions using a geriatric teledentistry platform (TEGO®). Statistical analysis involved descriptive analysis, logistic regression, and both multiple correspondence analysis and k-means cluster analysis. The sample comprised individuals with limited formal education and a high degree of vulnerability. Geriatric assessments unveiled cognitive deterioration, frailty, depression risk, and multimorbidity. A distribution of the DMFT index, number of remaining teeth, number of occluding pairs, number of teeth with restorative needs and other relevant clinical findings was conducted based on sociodemographic, and medical-geriatric-dental characteristics, and additionally, a Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis of Dentition Variables in Relation to Geriatric Assessments was performed. The dental burden was substantial, with an average DMFT index of 25.96 (SD 4.38), high prevalence of non-functional dentition (89.3%), periodontal disease (83%), xerostomia (63.2%) and oral mucosal lesions (31.5%). Age, lower education, depression, daily medication number and sugary consumption frequency were associated with a decreased average number of teeth (p < 0.05). Multiple correspondence analysis and k-means cluster analysis identified 4 clusters, with the edentulous and functional dentition groups being the most distinct. This study uncovers a substantial dental burden and intricate medical-geriatric conditions interlinked among Indigenous older adults in a rural Chilean Mapuche community. The implementation of a geriatric technological ecosystem in the community enabled the resolution of less complex oral health issues and facilitated remote consultations with specialists, reducing the necessity for travel to health centers. This underscores the need for innovative dental public health initiatives to address health disparities and improve the overall well-being of older Indigenous adults.

Developing Machine Learning-based Control Charts for Monitoring Different GLM-type Profiles With Different Link Functions

ABSTRACT In certain situations, the quality of a process is determined by dependent variables in relation to independent variables, often modeled through a regression framework referred to as a profile. The practice of monitoring and preserving this relationship is known as profile monitoring. In this paper, we propose an innovative approach that uses different machine-learning (ML) techniques for constructing control charts and monitoring generalized linear model (GLM) profiles with three different GLM-type response distributions of Binomial, Poisson, and Gamma, and by examining different link functions for each response distribution. Through our simulation study, we undertake a comparative analysis of different training methods. We measure the charts’ performance using the average run length, which signifies the average number of samples taken before observing a data point that exceeds the predefined control limits. The result shows that the selection of ML control charts is contingent on the response distribution and link function, and depends on the shift sizes in the process and the utilized training method. To illustrate the practical application of the proposed ML control charts, we present two real-world cases as examples: a drug–response study and a volcano-eruption study, to demonstrate how each ML chart can be implemented in practice.

OVERVIEW OF THE CANINE PARVOVIRUS TYPE 2: ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION

Parvo in dogs is caused by canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), a highly contagious viral disease in dogs that often causes high mortality and is mainly transmitted through the gastrointestinal tract. Nowadays, the variants identified include CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c. This pathogen has appeared in most countries around the world, including Vietnam. Its host range varies with each type of variant, and its relative frequency and genetic variability also vary between countries. The research provides an overview of key information regarding themolecular structure, origin, evolution, and pathophysiology of CPV-2, drawing on 30 published study results from various countries worldwide. This paper helps to identify risk factors that contribute to CPV-2 disease. In addition, the research also synthesizes research on advanced diagnosis, treatment, and CPV-2 vaccine development, serving as a basis for veterinarians, veterinary students, and breeders to control and limit the impact of upper enteritis caused by CPV-2.