Relative Survival Rates For Patients Research Articles

Evaluation and Prediction Analysis of 3- and 5-Year Relative Survival Rates of Patients with Cervical Cancer: A Model-Based Period Analysis.

Cervical cancer remains a threat to female health due to high mortality. Clarification of the long-term trend of survival rate over time and the associated risk factors would be greatly informative to improve the prognosis of cervical cancer patients. This retrospective study was based on data extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of the United States. The 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates of patients with cervical cancer during 2002-2006, 2007-2011, and 2012-2016 were analyzed. Period analysis was used to assess the variation in survival rate stratified by age, race, and socioeconomic status during the 15-year study period and then predicted the relative survival rate in the following period from 2017 to 2021. During 2002-2016, the 3-year relative survival rate of cervical cancer patients increased from 73.1% to 73.5% with a high jump between 2007 and 2011. This upward trend is expected to continue to 74.3% between 2017 and 2021. Patients older than 60 years, black ethnicity, or medium and high poverty status were likely to have a lower relative survival rate. This study confirmed the increased relative survival rate of cervical cancer patients over years and identified relevant risk factors. Targeted initiatives for elderly and socially underprivileged individuals may be able to mitigate inequality.

Survival analysis of malignant tumors in cancer registration areas of Hubei province in China, 2013 to 2015

Objective: To analyze the survival of newly diagnosed malignant tumors in cancer registration areas of Hubei Province from 2013 to 2015. Methods: From January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015, all newly diagnosed malignant tumors were collected from cancer registration areas in Hubei Province, and patients were followed up using a combination of active and passive methods. Cancer survival was analyzed using the strs package in Stata software. Observed and expected survival were calculated using the life table and Ederer Ⅱ methods, and the difference in survival rate of patients with different sex, age, urban and rural areas and different cancer species was compared. Results: From 2013 to 2015, 83 987 new malignant tumors were diagnosed in cancer registration areas in Hubei Province, including 45 742 males (54.46%) and 38245 females (45.54%). The overall 5-year relative survival rate was 41.46%, 34.43% for men and 49.63% for women. With the increase of age, the observed survival rate and relative survival rate of patients of different genders showed a decreasing trend. The 5-year relative survival rate of patients with malignant tumors was 47.58% in urban areas and 26.58% in rural areas. The observed survival rate and relative survival rate in rural areas were significantly lower than those in urban areas. The overall 5-year relative survival rates for common malignancies were 20.61% for lung cancer, 15.36% for liver cancer, 22.89% for esophageal cancer, 34.92% for gastric cancer, and 54.87% for colorectal cancer. In addition, the 5-year relative survival rates of common malignant tumors in women were 78.65% for breast cancer and 52.55% for cervical cancer. Conclusions: In Hubei Province, the survival rate of malignant tumors is different among different genders, regions, age groups and cancer species. Prevention and treatment and health education should be strengthened for malignant tumor patients in rural areas and those with high incidence and low survival rate such as liver cancer and lung cancer, and relevant strategies should be formulated according to the gender and age distribution characteristics of different cancer species.

Benefits of a novel automated digital platform to support cancer survivorship.

482 Background: Advances in treatment and early diagnosis have led to an increase in the 5-year relative survival rate for patients diagnosed with cancer. As of January 2022, there were 18.1 million cancer survivors in the United States, reflecting 5.4% of the total population. This number is projected to increase by 24.4%, to 22.5 million by 2032 (Cancer Facts and Figures 2023- American Cancer Society). Survivorship program needs include surveillance, member/ patient engagement, lifestyle changes and symptom management. Survivorship appointments make up >50% of the total return visits in oncology. There is a dire need for easy-to-use technology tools to help deliver high-quality survivorship care. Methods: We developed rules to automatically create a cohort of patients with Stage II and III colon cancer. The surveillance plan was developed by experts based on national guidelines. A separate set of rules drives the automatic generation of due dates for all elements of the care plan including laboratory tests, radiology examinations and clinical evaluations. A real-time dashboard clearly shows the care gaps. Tools were added to the dashboard to help with task completion. Results: The platform was successfully rolled out to 21 medical centers in Kaiser Permanente Northern California, an integrated healthcare system providing care for 4.4 million members. We experienced an increase in the completion for each of the surveillance elements needed for patients. Laboratory tests increased by 12.5%, radiology examinations by 8%, and clinical evaluations by 16%. Results have been sustained over the first year of use. Conclusions: We have successfully developed and operationalized a digital platform to sustainably support survivorship. This platform automatically identifies our survivorship cohort, informs the care team when care gaps exist and provides tools for task completion. Our care teams have used this platform successfully to outreach patients to ensure timely surveillance. This automatic platform reduces manual, redundant tasks previously performed by the care team. Further research is needed to explore the potential for this systems-based approach to reduce disparities in care. We plan to expand this to other cancers. Planned enhancements include automatic member reminders, lifestyle recommendations and symptom management.[Table: see text]

B-374 Early Prediction of Recurrent Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Using ATR-FTIR in Urine Samples

Abstract Background Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) represents approximately 80% of all cases of bladder cancer. It consists primarily of low-grade tumors but has been associated with a high recurrence rate. The high recurrence rate is a significant challenge in its management and treatment plan. Recurrence can occur within months of initial treatment and can lead to more invasive treatment, including surgery combined with additional rounds of chemotherapy. Although the 5-year relative survival rate for patients with NMIBC is around 90%, the risk of recurrence is also high, with up to 70% of patients experiencing a recurrence within 5 years of initial treatment. For this reason, ongoing surveillance and monitoring are critical for people with NMIBC. Invasive cystoscopy, the current standard of care for NMIBC diagnosis and surveillance, can be uncomfortable and painful and carry the risk of complications such as bleeding, infection, and bladder perforation. The development of a fast and non-invasive biopsy-based assay would significantly improve the management of NMIBC. A liquid biopsy-based assay would provide a less invasive alternative that could be used to monitor the disease and detect recurrence while reducing the need for invasive cystoscopy. Methods A fast liquid biopsy-based assay is used with urine samples to enhance the detection of cancer-specific biomarkers. Here, we describe a fast spectroscopic approach for detecting NMIBC recurrence in urine samples. Before the cystoscopy examination, urine samples from 62 previously diagnosed NMIBC patients were collected at their follow-up appointments. Fourier transforms infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra were acquired from urine samples using the direct application. Utilizing parameter grid searching, spectral processing, and normalization were enhanced. Multivariate and principal component analyses (PCA) were employed to examine the technical variability. Results Cystoscopy outcomes of 62 NMIBC patients (41 cancer-free, 21 recurrences) were documented and used as a reference to our non-invasive approach. We examined the performance of 35 machine learning models using a training set (70%) and a held-out test set (30%). A Regularized Random Forests (RRF) model attained an AUROC of 0.92 with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 77%. The variable importance and predictive ROC spikes around 2912 cm−1 have confirmed the peak of lipid CH2 asymmetrical stretching. An additional spike is also observed around 2980 cm−1, reflecting the stretching vibrations of methyl hydrocarbon chains. Analyzing processed spectra clearly reveals spectral differences between recurrence and NMIBC-free samples. Together, our results suggest an altered lipid profile in urine samples of the recurrent NMIBC patients. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing the CH2 lipid asymmetrical fingerprint on the FTIR spectra in the range of 2800 to 3000 cm−1, indicating the recurrence of NMIBC. Because of this explicit fingerprint, this liquid-biopsy spectroscopic technique can offer a promising non-invasive diagnostic tool for the early detection of recurrent NMIBC.

EIF4A3-regulated hsa_circ_0001445 can inhibit the progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma via hsa-miR-432-5p-dependent up-regulation of RGMA expression

ABSTRACT Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a common malignant tumor in the head and neck, the 5-year relative survival rate of patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer was estimated to be 61% from 2012 to 2018. An increasing number of studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a key role in the occurrence and development of cancer and may function as cancer biomarkers and new therapeutic targets. At present, the research on the relationship between circRNAs and LSCC is still in its infancy and needs further exploration. In this study, we found a circRNA (hsa_circ_0001445) associated with LSCC based on bioinformatics analysis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay indicated that the expression of hsa_circ_0001445 was down-regulated in LSCC tissues and cell lines. Notably, the expression of hsa_circ_0001445 was negatively correlated with aggressive clinicopathological features and poor prognosis. Then, functional experiments found that overexpression of hsa_circ_0001445 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of LSCC cells and tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), biotin-labeled probe pull-down, luciferase reporter assay and western blot experiments were employed and found that EIF4A3 reduced the expression of hsa_circ_0001445, and the direct binding of hsa_circ_0001445 to hsa-miR-432-5p attenuated the inhibitory effect of hsa-miR-432-5p on RGMA. In summary, our research suggests that hsa_circ_0001445 may be used as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for LSCC.

Adjuvant treatment in advanced melanoma: How far have we come?

Adjuvant treatment in advanced melanoma: How far have we come?

Epidemiology of Urologic Cancer in Korea: Nationwide Trends in the Last 2 Decades

Purpose: This study assessed recent trends in the incidence of urologic cancer and patient survival in Korea.Materials and Methods: The incidence of urologic cancer in Korea was calculated based on the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database and the South Korean Statistical Information Service Database. Data from 2000 to 2020 were used to determine the incidence, death, prevalence, and survival rates of urologic cancer.Results: Urologic cancer was diagnosed in 27,514 cases, accounting for 11.1% of the total cancer incidence. In 2020, there were 16,815 prostate cancer cases, 5,946 kidney cancer cases, and 4,753 bladder cancer cases. The age-standardized rate (ASR) for the incidence of prostate, kidney, and bladder cancer increased from 2000 to 2020. The overall ASR was 56 per 100,000 in 2020. In 2000, the ASRs for prostate, kidney, and bladder cancer were 2.9, 3.1, and 4.8 per 100,000, respectively, whereas they were 32.7, 11.6, and 9.3 per 100,000, respectively, in 2020. Urologic cancer has also seen a steady increase in the death rate, prevalence rate, and relative survival rate over the past 20 years. The 5-year relative survival rates for patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, kidney cancer, and bladder cancer during the 5-year period from 2015 to 2019 were 94.4%, 84.7%, and 76.5%, respectively. Among urologic cancers, prostate cancer had the highest survival rate, and bladder cancer had the lowest.Conclusions: The survival rate for urologic cancer is increasing; however, the incidence and prevalence rates continue to rise.

Breast Cancer Statistics in Korea, 2019.

This article provides an annual update of Korean breast cancer statistics, including the incidence, tumor stage, type of surgical treatment, and mortality. The data was collected from the Korean Breast Cancer Society registry system and Korean Central Cancer Registry. In 2019, 29,729 women were newly diagnosed with breast cancer. Breast cancer has continued to increase in incidence since 2002 and been the most common cancer in Korean women since 2019. Of the newly diagnosed cases in 2019, 24,820 (83.5%) were of invasive carcinomas, and 4,909 (16.5%) were of carcinoma in situ. The median age of women with breast cancer was 52.8 years, and breast cancer was most commonly diagnosed in the age group of 40-49 years. The number of patients who have undergone breast conserving surgery has continued to increase since 2016, with 68.6% of patients undergoing breast conserving surgery in 2019. The incidence of early-stage breast cancer continues to increase, with stage 0 or I breast cancer accounting for 61.6% of cases. The most common subtype of breast cancer is the hormone receptor-positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative subtype (63.1%). The 5-year relative survival rate of patients with breast cancer from 2015 to 2019 was 93.6%, with an increase of 14.3% compared to that from 1993 to 1995. This report improves our understanding of breast cancer characteristics in South Korea.

Artificial Intelligence in Endoscopic Ultrasound for Pancreatic Cancer: Where Are We Now and What Does the Future Entail?

Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In the United States (US), the overall 5-year relative survival rate for pancreatic cancer during the 2012-2018 period was 11.5%. However, the cancer stage at diagnosis strongly influences relative survival in these patients. Per the National Cancer Institute (NCI) statistics for 2012-2018, the 5-year relative survival rate for patients with localized disease was 43.9%, while it was 3.1% for patients with distant metastasis. The poor survival rates are primarily due to the late development of clinical signs and symptoms. Hence, early diagnosis is critical in improving treatment outcomes. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has gained immense popularity in gastroenterology. AI-assisted endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) models have been touted as a breakthrough in the early detection of pancreatic cancer. These models may also accurately differentiate pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis and autoimmune pancreatitis, which mimics pancreatic cancer on radiological imaging. In this review, we detail the application of AI-assisted EUS models for pancreatic cancer detection. We also highlight the utility of AI-assisted EUS models in differentiating pancreatic cancer from radiological mimickers. Furthermore, we discuss the current limitations and future applications of AI technology in EUS for pancreatic cancers.

Analysis and prediction of relative survival trends in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the United States using a model-based period analysis method.

BackgroundSurvival rates are usually used to evaluate the effect of cancer treatment and prevention. This study aims to analyze the 5-year relative survival of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in United States using population-based cancer registry data.MethodsA period analysis was used to evaluate the improvement in long-term prognosis of patients with NHL from 2004 to 2018, and a generalized linear model was developed to predict the 5-year relative survival rates of patients during 2019–2023 based on data from the SEER database stratified by age, sex, race and subtype.ResultsIn this study, relative survival improved for all NHL, although the extent of improvement varied by sex, age group and lymphoma subtype. Survival improvement was also noted for NHL subtypes, although the extent varied, with marginal-zone lymphoma having the highest 5-year relative survival rate (92.5%) followed by follicular lymphoma (91.6%) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (87.3%). Across all subtypes, survival rates were slightly higher in females than in males. Survival rates are lower in the elderly than in the young. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that black patients had lower NHL survival rates than white patients. Survival rates for NHL were higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Patients with extra-nodal NHL had a higher survival rate than patients with nodal NHL.ConclusionOverall, patient survival rates for NHL gradually improved during 2004–2018. The trend continues with a survival rate of 75.2% for the period 2019–2023. Analysis by NHL subtype and subgroups indicating that etiology and risk factors may differ by subtype. Identification of population-specific prevention strategies and treatments for each subtype can be aided by understanding these variations.

Targeting the Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway of Cancer Stem Cells to Treat Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma is an aggressive malignant brain tumor, and its five-year relative survival rate for patients is only 6.8 percent. In addition, almost all glioblastomas recur even after intensive treatments including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, which are believed to be attributed to cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small population of cells existing in a tumor with ability to self-renewal and differentiation. Of multiple signaling pathways, sonic hedgehog signaling is one critical pathway involved in CSCs regulation. Therefore, targeting the sonic hedgehog signaling represents a novel therapy to treat glioblastomas, and significant efforts have been made in recent years to develop the sonic hedgehog signaling inhibitor drugs. This article specifically focuses on recent advances in the sonic hedgehog signaling inhibitor drug development by targeting multiple components of the signaling cascade including sonic hedgehog ligand, Smoothened (SMO) and GLI. Those inhibitors hold a great promise to destroy glioblastoma CSCs and prevent and treat tumor recurrence in the future.

Direction of diagnosis and treatment improvement in colorectal cancer

Background: Cancer is a major public health problem and the leading cause of death in Korea since 2000. Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Therefore, early detection through screening, surgical techniques improvement, anticancer drugs, adjuvant treatment, and medical resources advancement is important to reduce colorectal cancer-related mortality.Current Concepts: In Korea, the 5-year relative survival rate of patients with colorectal cancer is approximately mid-70%, which is superior to other developed countries, such as the United States, United Kingdom, and Japan, with 60% to 68% because of the well performed screening program and technical improvement. Efforts are underway to conduct active endoscopic treatment for early colorectal cancer and identify cases requiring surgery. Minimally invasive surgery has evolved beyond conventional applications into disease-specific methods, and the robotic system has an important role for evolvement. Performing metastatic colorectal cancer efforts is necessary to improve the survival rate through active surgical treatment and gene therapy.Discussion and Conclusion: Eventually, the role of the patient’s genetic information in diagnosing and treating colorectal cancer is expected to increase. In some cases, diagnosing colorectal cancer using a non-invasive method is already realized. Active surgical treatment based on personal characteristics contributes in improving the treatment outcomes for difficult-to-treat metastatic colorectal cancer. After the period of overall colorectal cancer treatment results improvement, we will undertake the precision treatment era.

Abstract 1780: Functional inhibition of RNA-binding protein HuR reverses chemotherapeutic resistance in triple-negative breast cancer

Abstract The 5-year relative survival rate of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is lower than the overall patients with breast cancer. The primary systemic treatment for TNBC remains to be chemotherapy. But chemoresistance frequently develops with the conventional usage of chemotherapy drugs, which results in poorer prognosis and higher recurrence of TNBC than other subtypes of breast cancer. Therefore, to improve the treatment for TNBC, overcoming chemoresistance is a critical challenge to conquer. The RNA-binding protein Hu antigen R (HuR) is a posttranscriptional regulator. It can stabilize target mRNAs through binding to U- or AU- rich elements mainly in 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of mRNA and upregulate their translation level in most cases. The encoded proteins of HuR target mRNAs are implicated in multiple cancer hallmarks, including chemotherapeutic sensitivity. The cytoplasmic accumulation of HuR is reported to contribute to chemoresistance in multiple cancer cells, and HuR inhibition sensitizes cancer cells to chemodrugs. We hypothesize that inhibition of HuR function by disrupting its interaction with mRNA can accelerate the decay of target mRNAs and thus reduce the translation level of proteins responsible for chemoresistance. Recently, our lab identified a small molecule HuR inhibitor, KH-3, which potently inhibits HuR function by disrupting HuR-mRNA interactions. In this study, KH-3 is used as a tool compound to investigate the roles HuR plays in chemoresistance development and evaluate whether HuR inhibition can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy for TNBC cells. Two MDA-MB-231 cell sublines resistant to docetaxel (231-TR) or doxorubicin (231-DR) were generated in our lab. Compared to the parental cell line, two sub-lines exhibit similar sensitivity to KH-3, and KH-3 re-sensitizes chemoresistant cells to docetaxel or doxorubicin in the MTT-based cytotoxicity assay and the colony formation assay, indicating that HuR inhibition can overcome the acquired chemoresistance. The in vivo efficacy studies in orthotopic xenograft mouse models of human TNBC confirm that KH-3 synergizes docetaxel treatment. Regarding to mechanisms of action, several HuR direct target mRNAs implicated in chemoresistance were found upregulated in the resistant cells, which were reversed by KH-3 treatment. Detailed molecular mechanisms are now under investigation. This study suggests that HuR inhibition is a promising strategy to overcome the challenge of chemoresistance of TNBC. Citation Format: Lanjing Wei, Qi Zhang, Cuncong Zhong, Jeffrey Aubé, Danny R. Welch, Xiaoqing Wu, Liang Xu. Functional inhibition of RNA-binding protein HuR reverses chemotherapeutic resistance in triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1780.

Analysis and Prediction of the Survival Trends of Patients with Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Model-Based Period Analysis, 2001-2015.

BackgroundClear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide whose poor prognosis results in a serious disease burden on patients. The changing trend of the long-term relative survival rates (RSRs) of patients with ccRCC was analyzed in this study to evaluate their treatment results over a 15-year period.MethodsThis study is a retrospective study, which assessed and predicted the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of patients with ccRCC during 2001-2005, 2006-2010, 2011-2015, and 2016-2020 using data extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Period analysis was used in this study to analyze the data from the SEER database and to assess survival differences according to age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status (SES) during the 15-year study period by comparing Kaplan-Meier curves.ResultsDuring 2001-2015, the 5-year RSR of patients with ccRCC increased from 78.4% to 83.0%, and the generalized linear model predicted that the 5-year RSR increased to 85.7% during 2016-2020. The RSR of patients with ccRCC differed significantly with SES, race, sex, and age. Compared with male patients, the survival advantage of female patients decreased as their age increased. The RSR of all patients with ccRCC was also lower in patients with a lower SES and of black race.ConclusionThis study found an improvement in the RSR of patients with ccRCC during 2001-2020. Understanding the change trend of the survival rate of patients with ccRCC is helpful to improve the design of clinical trials. It also provides basic data and a scientific basis for evaluating the harm of ccRCC on the health of affected patients and the effect of cancer prevention, and developing cancer prevention plans.

Recent Estimates and Predictions of 5-Year Survival in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Model-Based Period Analysis.

Background:The overall incidence and mortality of gastric cancer have steadily declined in the United States over the past few decades, but it is still a serious disease burden for patients. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate the latest survival rate of gastric cancer.Methods:Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, this study analyzed the age-standardized relative survival rates and survival trends of gastric cancer cases in 2007–2011 and 2012–2016 using period analysis, and the survival rate 2017–2021 was predicted using a generalized linear model based on the period analysis.Results:During 2007–2016, the 5-year relative survival rate of patients with gastric cancer continued to rise, and the same trend was observed in 2017–2021. The 5-year overall age-standardized relative survival rates in 2007–2011, 2012–2016, and 2017–2021 were 38.3%, 40.6%, and 42.9%, respectively. However, despite these favorable trends, the overall relative survival of patients with gastric cancer remains at a low level. There were significant differences in the relative survival rates of patients with gastric cancer in terms of age, sex, race, primary site, stage, and socioeconomic status. Notably, the survival rate of patients with distant-stage gastric cancer remains very low (10%).Conclusion:We found that the survival rate of patients with gastric cancer showed different degrees of improvement in each subgroup. However, the overall relative survival rate of patients with gastric cancer remains low. Analyzing the changes of patients with gastric cancer in the last 10 years will be helpful in predicting the changing trend of cancer in the future. It also provides a scientific basis for relevant departments to formulate effective tumor prevention and control measures.

Evaluation and Prediction Analysis of 3- and 5-Year Survival Rates of Patients with Cecal Adenocarcinoma Based on Period Analysis.

BackgroundCecal adenocarcinoma has a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis, thereby bringing serious disease burden to patients. The long-term survival rate of patients with cecal adenocarcinoma deserves us to explore more deeply. In addition, appropriate methods that evaluate the survival outcome of cecal adenocarcinoma are few.MethodsThis study used the data provided by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to evaluate and predict the survival rates of patients with cecal adenocarcinoma from 2002 to 2016 and from 2017 to 2021, respectively. The cohort of population taken are all older than 20 years old, which is from National Cancer Institute. The period analysis was used to check the data in the SEER database. Reliable results could be obtained using period analysis, which provided important information for prevention and treatment strategies.ResultsFrom 2002 to 2016, the relative survival rate of patients with cecal adenocarcinoma increased yearly. Compared with those in previous 15 years, the relative survival rate between 2017 and 2021 still increased but to a low extent. The relative survival rates of patients with cecal adenocarcinoma were remarkably different in terms of age, sex, race, differentiation grade, stages, and socioeconomic status. Even if there is a significant improvement, the survival rate of patients with distant-stage cancer is at a very low level.ConclusionUnderstanding the survival rate of patients with cecal adenocarcinoma in the past 15 years is helpful in predicting the future trend and providing basic data and scientific basis to evaluate the harm of cecal adenocarcinoma to patients’ health, prepare cancer prevention plans, and evaluate the effect of cancer prevention and treatment by exploring the differences in survival rate corresponding to different ages, sexes, races, differentiation grades, stages, and socioeconomic status.

Trends in the Incidence and Survival Rates of Colorectal Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma in the South Korean Population: Analysis of the Korea Central Cancer Registry Database.

Objective: Signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a rare histopathological subtype of colorectal cancer (CRC) constituting approximately 1% of CRC cases. This study analyzed the incidence and survival rates of colorectal SRCC. Methods: We analyzed the incidence and survival rates of colorectal SRCCs based on patients’ data of the Korea Central Cancer Registry. Results: The age-standardized incidence rates of colon and rectum SRCC in 2017 were 0.17 and 0.07 individuals per 100,000, respectively. Between 1993 and 2017, the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year relative survival rates of patients with colon SRCC were 65.6%, 49.0%, 38.9%, 34.9%, and 33.0%, respectively, while those of patients with rectum SRCC were 69.6%, 47.8%, 38.5%, 32.8%, and 29.4%, respectively. According to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results summary stages, the 5-year relative survival rates of colon SRCC between 1993 and 2017 were 70.4% for the localized stage, 41.0% for the regional stage, and 7.0% for the distant stage, while those for rectum SRCC were 60.7%, 34.4, and 3.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Although the incidence of colorectal SRCC is extremely low in South Korea, it has been increasing in recent decades. As the prognosis of colorectal SRCC is extremely poor; clinicians should be aware of the differential diagnosis of SRCC in colorectal cancer cases.

Survival trends in chronic lymphocytic leukemia across treatment eras: US SEER database analysis (1985-2017).

In this population-based study, we used the SEER database (1985-2015) to examine survival outcomes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients followed up to the era of advanced treatments including targeted therapies. Data were extracted for patients 15years or older with a primary diagnosis of CLL. A period analysis was performed to estimate 5- and 10-year relative survival rates for patients diagnosed during different calendar periods from 1985 to 2015. A mixture cure model was used to examine long-term survivors' proportions among patients diagnosed in 1985-2015 and for two cohorts diagnosed in 2000-2003, followed up to 2012 and 2004-2007, and followed up to 2015. Cox proportional hazard modeling was used for the two cohorts to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of death adjusted for gender and age. The 5-year and 10-year age-adjusted relative survival rate ranged between 73.7 and 89.4% and from 51.6% to "not reached," respectively, for calendar periods of 1985-1989 to 2010-2014. The long-term survivor proportions varied by age and gender from 0 to 59%. The HRs (95%CI) for the 2004-2007 cohort in comparison to the 2000-2003 cohort were 0.58 (0.43-0.78), 0.58 (0.48-0.70), 0.57 (0.49-0.0.67), 0.68 (0.54-0.85), and 0.83 (0.68-1.02) for the age categories of 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, 75-84, and ≥ 85years, respectively. Overall, relative survival improved significantly for CLL patients diagnosed between 1985 and 2015. These improvements were markedly better following the introduction of targeted therapies.

Stage-specific trends in incidence and survival of cutaneous melanoma in the Netherlands (2003–2018): A nationwide population-based study

ObjectiveTo examine stage-specific trends in the incidence and survival of cutaneous melanoma in the Netherlands between 2003 and 2018, as well as the uptake of the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and novel drugs during that period. MethodsData were obtained from the nationwide population-based Netherlands Cancer Registry for all patients diagnosed with invasive primary cutaneous melanoma (n = 60,267). We presented age-standardized incidence rates, the proportion of patients with an SLNB, the proportion of patients who received a novel drug (for their primary diagnosis) and one- and five-year relative survival rates. ResultsBetween 2003 and 2018, the incidence rate increased from 10.9 to 23.9 for men and from 15.6 to 27.3 for women. This increase reflected the increasing incidence rate of patients with stage I and III. The proportion of patients with an SLNB increased from 23% to 64%. A reasonable increase was observed in the proportion of patients with a positive outcome (from 2% to 11%). For patients with stage IV, there was a shift from chemotherapy towards novel drugs as from 2013. The five-year relative survival rate increased from 81% to 92% for men and from 88% to 96% for women. This increase reflected the increasing five-year relative survival rate of patients with stage II, III, and IV. ConclusionWe observed an increase in incidence for patients with stage I and III and an improvement in survival for patients with stage II, III and IV. These trends can be partly explained by the introduction of the SLNB and the novel drugs.

Glutathione S-Transferase M3 Is Associated with Glycolysis in Intrinsic Temozolomide-Resistant Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant primary brain tumor. The 5-year relative survival rate of patients with GBM remains <30% on average despite aggressive treatments, and secondary therapy fails in 90% of patients. In chemotherapeutic failure, detoxification proteins are crucial to the activity of chemotherapy drugs. Usually, glutathione S-transferase (GST) superfamily members act as detoxification enzymes by activating xenobiotic metabolites through conjugation with glutathione in healthy cells. However, some overexpressed GSTs not only increase GST activity but also trigger chemotherapy resistance and tumorigenesis-related signaling transductions. Whether GSTM3 is involved in GBM chemoresistance remains unclear. In the current study, we found that T98G, a GBM cell line with pre-existing temozolomide (TMZ) resistance, has high glycolysis and GSTM3 expression. GSTM3 knockdown in T98G decreased glycolysis ability through lactate dehydrogenase A activity reduction. Moreover, it increased TMZ toxicity and decreased invasion ability. Furthermore, we provide next-generation sequencing–based identification of significantly changed messenger RNAs of T98G cells with GSTM3 knockdown for further research. GSTM3 was downregulated in intrinsic TMZ-resistant T98G with a change in the expression levels of some essential glycolysis-related genes. Thus, GSTM3 was associated with glycolysis in chemotherapeutic resistance in T98G cells. Our findings provide new insight into the GSTM3 mechanism in recurring GBM.