Relative Risk Of Cancer Research Articles

Lung Cancer Risk in Relation to Jobs Held in a Nationwide Case-Control Study in Iran

Background: Globally, lung cancer is the most frequent occupational cancer, but the risk of lung cancer related to the occupations in Iran is not clear. We aimed to assess whether workers in various occupational groups would experience an increased lung cancer risk. Methods: We used the IROPICAN nationwide hospital-based case-control study including 658 incident lung cancer cases and 3477 controls. We assessed the risk of cancer in relation to ever working in major International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-68) groups and specific jobs, while controlling for individual potential confounders including cigarette smoking and opium consumption. Results: We observed elevated odds ratio (OR) for lung cancer in male construction workers (OR=1.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0- 1.8), and petroleum industry workers (3.2; CI, 1.1- 9.8), and in female farmers (2.6; CI, 1.3- 5.3), and female bakers (5.5; CI, 1.0, 29.8). The positive trend has been observed for the duration of employment as a construction worker in men (p trend < 0.004), and farming in women (p trend < 0.5). Increase risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was associated with ever construction industry workers for males (1.9; CI, 1.2- 3.0), whilst both SCC and adenocarcinoma subtypes were associated with working as farmers for females (3.8; CI, 1.4- 9.9), even more pronounced for adenocarcinoma (4.3; CI, 1.1- 17.2). Conclusion: Although we did observe association between some occupations and lung cancer, we recommend developing an occupational exposure assessment tool specific for working conditions in Iran to allow the study of specific occupational agents. Keywords: Occupational cancer, Lung cancer, Exposure, Carcinogen, Iran

Association between age at diabetes onset or diabetes duration and subsequent risk of pancreatic cancer: results from a longitudinal cohort and mendelian randomization study

The aim of the study is to estimate the incidence of pancreatic cancer among individuals with new-onset type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) and evaluate the relationship of pancreatic cancer risk with age at diabetes onset and diabetes duration. This longitudinal cohort study included 428,362 new-onset T2DM patients in Shanghai and Mendelian randomization (MR) in the east-Asian population were used to investigate the association. Incidence rates of pancreatic cancer in all patients and by subgroups were calculated and compared to the general population. A total of 1056 incident pancreatic cancer cases were identified during eight consecutive years of follow-up. The overall pancreatic cancer annual incidence rate was 55·28/100,000 person years in T2DM patients, higher than that in the general population, with a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 1·54 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1·45-1·64). The incidence of pancreatic cancer increased with age and a significantly higher incidence was observed in the older groups with T2DM. However, the relative pancreatic cancer risk was inversely related to age of T2DM onset, and a higher SIR of 5·73 (95%CI, 4·49-7·22) was observed in the 20-54 years old group. The risk of pancreatic cancer was elevated at any diabetes duration. Fasting blood glucose ≥10·0 mmol/L was associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer. MR analysis indicated a positive association between T2DM and pancreatic cancer risk. Efforts toward early and close follow-up programs, especially in individuals with young-onset T2DM, and the improvement of glucose control might represent effective strategies for improving the detection and results of treatment of pancreatic cancer. Chinese National Natural Science Foundation.

Physically fit with a higher cancer risk? Influences of cervical cancer screening among a sample of physically active women ages 21–49 living in the United States

To achieve the lowest risk level for various cancers, individuals would engage in several healthy lifestyle behaviors and age-eligible cancer screenings as recommended. Nonetheless, research has largely omitted exploration of concurrent primary and secondary prevention behaviors. This study was designed to explore influences of cervical cancer screening among physically active women who reported participation in recreational sports.U.S. based women between the ages of 21–49, who had never been diagnosed with cancer, were eligible to complete a web-based survey. Logistic regression analyses were conducted using SAS 9.4.On average, women were 31 years of age (N = 394) and self-identified as Black (51.3 %). Although low overall (30.7 %), higher odds of cervical cancer screening were associated with age (OR = 1.06, 95 % CI = 1.03–1.10), employment (OR = 2.43, 95 % CI = 1.14–5.18), knowledge of cancer-related risk behaviors (OR = 4.04, 95 % CI = 1.33–12.28), routine doctor’s visit (OR = 4.25, 95 % CI = 1.56–11.54), and team-based vs individual-based sport participation (OR = 1.95, 95 % CI = 1.13–3.34).Our study provides insight into the health profile of physically active women, ages 21–49, as it relates to risks for cervical cancer. Screening uptake among this diverse sample was much lower than the general population and national goals set by Healthy People 2030. Interventions should be tailored to increase knowledge of cancer-related risk behaviors, access to healthcare, and recommended cervical cancer screenings among even assumed-to-be healthy populations.

MECHANISMS OF RADIATION CARCINOGENESIS: WHAT IS REALLY INDUCED?

It has been difficult to understand why the relative risk for cancer decreases with an increase in time since an exposure to radiation. It was recently recognized that this decline can be explained by a parallel shift of the age-related cancer mortality curve toward younger ages. In fact, it has been known for many years that mouse survival curves exhibit a parallel shift toward younger ages following an exposure to radiation, but it was not recognized that the mutation induction theory is incompatible with this parallel shift. This is because a parallel shift in the survival curve implies that all the irradiated individuals are affected, but the mutation induction theory assumes that only a fraction of the irradiated individuals is affected following an exposure to radiation. Thus, it seems likely that the target of radiation action, which leads to carcinogenesis, is not restricted to epithelial cells but includes all of the surrounding cells leading to an altered microenvironment. Since it is repeatedly observed that radiation-exposed normal tissues can stimulate transplanted or spontaneously arising tumor cells to grow faster, worsen the malignant phenotypes and finally kill the host earlier than usual, an exposure to radiation seems most likely to cause tissue inflammation, which creates conditions favorable for the growth of spontaneously arising tumor cells. This new concept suggests that it might be possible to attenuate the extent of radiation carcinogenesis by intervening in tissue inflammatory processes.

Lung cancer risk in relation to jobs held in a nationwide case–control study in Iran

BackgroundGlobally, lung cancer is the most frequent occupational cancer, but the risk associated with the occupations or occupational environment in Iran is not clear. We aimed to assess occupations with...

Systematic review and meta-analysis of cancer risks in relation to environmental waste incinerator emissions: a meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies.

Various toxic substances can be generated from incinerators, exposing nearby residents, and epidemiological studies have shown wide variations in risk estimates for cancer risk in populations living close to incinerators. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a literature search and systematic review were conducted to identify studies conducted on general populations exposed to environmental incinerator emissions and cancer outcomes. Meta-analysis was performed according to the cancer types for which 2 or more studies were reported. Subgroup analysis was done for sex, the exposure estimation method, the study period, and the type of outcome. Eleven studies were found for the qualitative review and meta-analysis. Seven studies had a case-control design, and 4 had a cohort design. The pooled effect size was not significant for breast, colorectal, liver, lung, lymphohematopoietic, stomach, bladder, central nervous system, and laryngeal cancers, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, sarcoma, leukemia, and all cancers. In the subgroup analysis, the pooled effect size of laryngeal cancer in females was 1.82 (95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 3.01), although only 2 studies were identified. The meta-analysis did not provide evidence of an increased risk for any cancer among populations living near waste incinerators, except for laryngeal cancer in females. However, since relatively few studies were reviewed and some cancer types showed significant increases in individual studies, this evidence needs to be updated regularly.

Mastitis and Risk of Breast Cancer: a Case Control-Retrospective Study and Mini-Review.

Objective: To investigate a possible association between mastitis and breast cancer risk in a cohort of Greek women. Material and methods:A series of 343 women who visited two breast clinics in Greece and delivered live neonates were studied in our case-control retrospective study. The case group comprised women with breast cancer and the control group women without breast cancer. All participants were subjected to a clinical examination with breast ultrasound and those aged over 40 years underwent digital bilateral mammography. Results:The χ2 (chi-square) test was the statistical tool used by us. We noted a statistically significant relationship between mastitis and risk for breast cancer (p=0.04). Moreover, the relative risk for breast cancer among patients with mastitis was RR: 2.069. Conclusion:Our study showed a relation between mastitis and breast cancer. Mastitis could be a potential risk factor. Further studies with larger number of patients are mandatory in order to confirm this possible relationship.

32741 Investigating sun safety behaviors, beliefs, and skin cancer-related knowledge and risk factors in the Canadian population

Introduction: In Canada, cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the 8th most diagnosed malignancy and incidence rates for CM have increased steadily over the past years. However, despite this increase, there are only limited CM public health awareness campaigns in Canada. This translated into a decreased awareness of the seriousness of CM.

CN21 Early identification of cancer-related malnutrition in patients with colorectal cancer: Experts’ interviews

Early nutrition assessment is needed in order to identify and treat malnutrition at an early stage, as this can have a negative impact on treatment outcomes in terms of postoperative complications, chemotherapy efficacy and tolerability. Despite this scientifically knowledge, there is a need for improvement, as cancer-related risk of malnutrition is still too often not assessed and therefore not noticed early enough by health professionals and not treated adequately. The aim is the comparison of findings from a literature review on early identification of cancer-related malnutrition in patients with colorectal cancer with an analyses of daily clinical standard practice.

Social Determinants of Cancer Risk Among American Indian and Alaska Native Populations: An Evidence Review and Map.

Objectives:To explore current literature on social determinants of health (SDOH) and cancer among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations.Methods:We searched Ovid MEDLINE®, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases for articles published during 2000 to 2020, which included terms for SDOH and cancer occurrence in AI/AN populations. We derived the data extraction elements from the PROGRESS-Plus framework. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-Equity extension guided the evidence map.Results:From 2180 screened articles, 297 were included. Most were observational (93.9%), employed a cross-sectional design (83.2%), were categorized as cancer occurrence and surveillance research (62%), and included no cancer-related risk factors (70.7%). Race, gender, and place were the most frequently included PROGRESS-Plus categories. Religion, relationship features, and characteristics of discrimination were least common. Only 12% of articles mentioned historical/current trauma or historical context.Conclusions:Gaps exist in our understanding of SDOH as drivers of cancer disparities in AI/AN populations. Future studies in health equity science may incorporate historical and cultural factors into SDOH frameworks tailored for AI/AN populations.

Postmenopausal overweight and breast cancer risk; results from the KARMA cohort

PurposeTo study the risk of incident breast cancer and subtype-specific breast cancer in relation to excess body weight in a contemporary Swedish prospective cohort study, The Karolinska Mammography Project for Risk Prediction of Breast Cancer, KARMA.MethodsA total of 35,412 postmenopausal women attending mammography and included in the KARMA study provided baseline data on body mass index (BMI) and potential confounders. During eight years of follow-up, 822 incident invasive breast cancer cases were identified.ResultsWomen with overweight (BMI ≥ 25–< 30 kg/m2) constituting 34% of the study cohort had an increased risk of incident breast cancer with an adjusted Hazard Ratio (HRadj) 1.19 (95% CI 1.01–1.4). A similar, however, non-significant, association was found for women with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) conferring 13% of the cohort, with a HRadj of 1.19 (95% CI 0.94–1.5). Overweight was associated with risk of node-negative disease (HRadj 1.29, 95% CI 1.06–1.58), whereas obesity was associated with node-positive disease (HRadj 1.64, 95% CI 1.09–2.48). Both overweight and obesity were associated with risk of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) disease (HRadj 1.20, 95% CI 1.00–1.44 and HRadj 1.33, 95% CI 1.03–1.71, respectively), and low-grade tumors (HRadj 1.25, 95% CI 1.02–1.54, and HRadj 1.40, 95% CI 1.05–1.86, respectively). Finally, obesity was associated with ER+HER2 negative disease (HRadj 1.37, 95% CI 1.05–1.78) and similarly luminal A tumors (HRadj 1.43, 95% CI 1.02–2.01).ConclusionOverweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer, specifically ER+, low-grade, and for obesity, node-positive, high-risk breast cancer indicating a further need for risk communication and preventive programs.

Impacts of Outdoor Particulate Matter Exposure on the Incidence of Lung Cancer and Mortality.

Background and objectives: Long-term exposure to air pollution has been associated with lung cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the relative risk (RR) and hazard ratio (HR) of lung cancers and the prognostic implication of outdoor particulate matter (PM) pollution using a meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: We performed the meta-analysis using 19 eligible studies and evaluated the PMs, dividing into PM smaller than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and PM smaller than 10 µm (PM10). In addition, subgroup analyses, based on the increment of PM exposure, location, sex, smoking history, and tumor histology, were performed. Results: Lung cancer was significantly increased by exposure to PM2.5 (RR 1.172, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.002–1.371), but not PM10 exposure. However, there was no significant correlation between PM10 exposure and the incidence of lung cancers (RR 1.062, 95% CI 0.932–1.210). The all-cause and lung-cancer-specific mortalities were significantly increased by PM2.5 exposure (HR 1.1.43, 95% CI 1.011–1.291 and HR 1.144, 95% CI 1.002–1.307, respectively). However, PM10 exposure significantly increased the all-cause mortality, but not the lung-cancer-specific mortality. The lung-cancer-specific mortality was significantly increased by PM10 per 12.1 μg/m3 increment and in the Europe area. Conclusions: PM2.5 significantly increased lung cancer and the all-cause and lung-cancer-specific mortalities, whereas PM10 did not increase lung cancer or lung-cancer-specific mortality. However, PM10 increased the all-cause mortality and the PM10 per 12.1 μg/m3 increment and PM10 in the Europe area may increase the lung-cancer-specific mortality.

Cervical cancer prognosis and related risk factors for patients with cervical cancer: a long-term retrospective cohort study

This study aims to explore the recurrence rate and overall survival for patients with cervical cancer after the first treatment and the related risk factors. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on cervical cancer patients enrolled in a cancer specialist hospital in Hunan Province, China from January 1992 to December 2005 and followed up until December 2010. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the cumulative recurrence rate, and Cox proportional hazards model was utilized to identify risk factors associated with prognosis. A total of 4358 patients were enrolled with a median follow-up of 7.4 years (range 5–19 years), and 372 (8.5%) patients had cancer recurrence. The cumulative recurrence rate showed a rapid increase from 3.8% in the first year after discharge to 8.0% in the fifth year, and the recurrence rate remained relatively stable afterward reaching 9.7% and 10.8% in the 10th and the 15th year, respectively. The median time to recurrence was 15.5 months with an IQR of 5.5–40.0 months. The Cox regression showed that miscarriage, clinical stage, and treatment received were significantly associated with cervical cancer recurrence after adjustment for confounders. Patients with recurrence showed a significantly higher risk for mortality than those without recurrence (HR 2.79, 95% CI 2.42–3.22). This study depicted the long-term recurrence rate and survival after recurrence for patients with cervical cancer after the first treatment, and reported time to recurrence and risk factors related to recurrence. These findings may provide important evidence for designing targeted interventions for the treatment of cervical cancer.

The effect of metformin use on gastric cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Introduction: Gastric cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in the world. Various studies have so far been conducted to determine the risk of gastric cancer in relation to taking metformin. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis study aims to evaluate the relationship between the administration of metformin in type II diabetes patients and their risk of developing gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: All studies were cohorts. A comprehensive literature searches of the databases, including Cochrane, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar web browser was conducted using standard keywords. Data analysis of this meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 14 software and P&lt;0.05 was considered as a significant level for tests. Results: In a set of 17 cohort studies, including an overall number of 1383404 patients, it was concluded that metformin consumption had reduced the risk of gastric cancer in type II diabetes patients [OR: 0.80 (95% CI: 0.71-0.91)]. In these patients, the impact of metformin on overall survival rates was not statistically significant [OR: 0.71 (95% CI: 0.42-1.18)]. Data analysis revealed the effects of metformin on the risk of gastric cancer development, which involved a reduction [OR: 0.69 (95% CI: 0.44-1.07)] for those who had been taking metformin for less than five years, [OR: 1.04 (95% CI: 0.83-1.30)] for those who had been taking metformin for 5-10 years, and [OR: 0.71 (95% CI: 0.59-0.84)] for the patients who had a history of taking metformin for over 10 years. Conclusion: Metformin administration in type II diabetes patients resulted in the reduction of the risk of gastric cancer, but did not affect the overall survival rates. Furthermore, it was observed that type II diabetes patients, who had been treated by metformin for more than 10 years, had a 29% lower risk for gastric cancer.

Colorectal cancer in elderly-onset inflammatory bowel disease: a 1969-2017 Scandinavian register-based cohort study.

SummaryBackgroundPrevious research indicates that the increased relative risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is limited to young‐onset IBD.AimTo estimate risks of incident CRC and death from CRC in elderly‐onset IBDMethodsPatients diagnosed with IBD at age ≥ 60 years between 1969 and 2017 were identified using Danish and Swedish National Patient Registers and histopathology data. We linked data to Cancer and Causes of Death Registers and used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for CRC diagnosis and death compared to matched (by sex, age, and region) IBD‐free individuals.ResultsAmong 7869 patients with Crohn's disease followed for 54,220 person‐years, and 21,224 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) followed for 142,635 person‐years, 2.10% and 1.90% were diagnosed with CRC, compared to 2.26% and 2.34% of reference individuals (median follow‐up 6 and 7 years). The incidence of CRC was elevated during the first year after IBD diagnosis: 4.36 (95% CI = 3.33–5.71) in Crohn's disease and 2.48 (95% CI = 2.03–3.02) in UC, but decreased after the first year of follow‐up: 0.69 (95% CI = 0.56–0.86) and 0.78 (95% CI = 0.69–0.88). Once diagnosed with CRC, the risk of CRC death was similar for IBD patients and the general population.ConclusionThe excess risk of CRC in elderly‐onset IBD was probably due to bias and not observed beyond the first year. From 2010, the HR for CRC diagnosis more than 1 year after initial IBD diagnosis was lower than in the largely unscreened reference population, supporting the benefit of endoscopic screening and surveillance in patients with IBD.

Assessment of the Health Impacts of Pm2.5 on the Lungs (COPD, LC)

Abstract: This study involves the human health risk due to exposure to PM2.5 in the State of Uttar Pradesh during the years 2017, 2018, and 2019. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Portal was used for the values of Burden of Disease for the respective years and location. AIR Q+ Software is used for the calculation of the Relative Risk from which Population Attributable Fraction was estimated. By using the values of Attributable Burden of Disease we got the Mortality. From which we came the results that the values of relative risk (central) for Lung Cancer for the years 2017, 2018, and 2019 are 1.575,1.565, and 1.470 respectively, and the relative risk for COPD is 1.705, 1.696, and 1.601 for the year 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively.

Surveillance for Pancreatic Cancer in Chronic Pancreatitis

Pancreatic cancer can arise in the background of chronic pancreatitis (CP). The relative risks for pancreatic cancer in CP vary considerably according to other contributing factors such as disease duration, excess alcohol consumption, tobacco consumption, eating habits, physical activity, and late-onset diabetes. The incidence of pancreatic cancer is estimated to be about 10 per 105 per year, and the incidence and prevalence of CP are estimated to be 5-12 per 105 and 50 per 105 per year, respectively. The pooled relative risk estimates for pancreatic cancer in CP patients range from 2.7 to 13.3. Subsets of CP subjects with a family history of pancreatic cancer or those with newly developed diabetes over the age of 50 have a higher risk for pancreatic cancer. However, the prevalence of pancreatic cancer is not high enough to justify general screening of the adult CP population. Thus, it is necessary to select subsets of CP cohorts with a significantly high risk of pancreatic cancer. We need a better overall disease model that can define the interaction of multiple risk factors and their cumulative or potential effects on pancreatic cancer.

Ethical Issues in the US 1956 National Academy of Sciences BEAR I Genetics Panel Report to the Public.

This paper presents newly discovered evidence from the personal correspondence of four US National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Biological Effects of Atomic Radiation (BEAR) Genetics Panelists that their 1956 report to the public was written by a third party and was neither reviewed nor approved by the Panel prior to its publication and release to the public. The letters revealed that the 1956 Report contained serious errors and did not represent the views of the Panel. The failure of the US NAS to notify the public that the Report had not been reviewed and approved by the Panel represents a serious breach of ethics. Further ethical issues relate to the failure of the NAS to (1) correct the errors in the Report within an appropriately timely manner and (2) reveal the lack of approval by the Panel even after the Report's release. In light of these discoveries and the profound historical-and continuing-significance of the 1956 Report to all conventional cancer-related risk assessment processes, we opine that this ethical improbity must be acknowledged and that this document must be retracted by the NAS.

Analysis of scientific evidence on the effectiveness of immunomodulation in cancer: a systematic review

Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence from studies on the effectiveness of immunomodulation in cancer. Methodology: This is a systematic review that searched for studies in the respective databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, Cinahl, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Data Base, using descriptors in English, selected in the Medical Subject Headings- MeSH. Soon after cataloging, the studies were analyzed through the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials-CONSORT, and Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE), the study sample consisted of nine articles. Results: Analysis of the studies reveals that immunomodulators have an average efficacy rate of 56% for some neoplasms. It was also observed that some substances showed good efficacy in the immunomodulation axis, such as Vitamin D, which decreases the relative risk for colon, breast, and prostate cancer. Immunomodulation was successful in increasing the survival of patients with endocrine (52%) and dermatological (45%) cancers who had low-grade (57%) immunity-related adverse events (irAE). Conclusion: Immunomodulatory therapy is evidenced as an advance in cancer therapy for presenting promising results, showing effectiveness for certain neoplasms.

Estimating the Risk for Secondary Cancer After Targeted α-Therapy with 211At Intraperitoneal Radioimmunotherapy.

Intraperitoneal 211At-based targeted α-therapy (TAT) may hold great promise as an adjuvant therapy after surgery and chemotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer to eradicate any remaining undetectable disease. This implies that it will also be delivered to patients possibly already cured by the primary treatment. An estimate of long-term risks is therefore sought to determine whether the treatment is justified. Methods: Baseline data for risk estimates of α-particle irradiation were collected from published studies on excess cancer induction and mortality for subjects exposed to either 224Ra treatments or Thorotrast contrast agent (25% ThO2 colloid, containing 232Th). Organ dosimetry for 224Ra and Thorotrast irradiation were taken from the literature. These organ-specific risks were then applied to our previously reported dosimetry for intraperitoneal 211At-TAT patients. Results: Risk could be estimated for 10 different organ or organ groups. The calculated excess relative risk per gray (ERR/Gy) could be sorted into 2 groups. The lower-ERR/Gy group, ranging up to a value of approximately 5, included trachea, bronchus, and lung, at 0.52 (95% CI, 0.21-0.82); stomach, at 1.4 (95% CI, -5.0-7.9); lymphoid and hematopoietic system, at 2.17 (95% CI, 1.7-2.7); bone and articular cartilage, at 2.6 (95% CI, 2.0-3.3); breast, at 3.45 (95% CI, -10-17); and colon, at 4.5 (95% CI, -3.5-13). The higher-ERR/Gy group, ranging from approximately 10 to 15, included urinary bladder, at 10.1 (95% CI, 1.4-23); liver, at 14.2 (95% CI, 13-16); kidney, at 14.9 (95% CI, 3.9-26); and lip, oral cavity, and pharynx, at 15.20 (95% CI, 2.73-27.63). Applying a typical candidate patient (female, age 65 y) and correcting for the reference population mortality rate, the total estimated excess mortality for an intraperitoneal 211At-monoclonal antibody treatment amounted to 1.13 per 100 treated. More than half this excess originated from urinary bladder and kidney, 0.29 and 0.34, respectively. Depending on various adjustments in calculation and assumptions on competing risks, excess mortality could range from 0.11 to 1.84 per 100 treated. Conclusion: Published epidemiologic data on lifelong detriment after α-particle irradiation and its dosimetry allowed calculations to estimate the risk for secondary cancer after 211At-based intraperitoneal TAT. Measures to reduce dose to the urinary organs may further decrease the estimated relative low risk for secondary cancer from 211At-monoclonal antibody-based intraperitoneal TAT.