Related Complexes Research Articles

Polygenic Risk Score-Based Association Analysis Identifies Genetic Comorbidities Associated with Age-Related Hearing Difficulty in Two Independent Samples.

Age-related hearing loss is the most common form of permanent hearing loss that is associated with various health traits, including Alzheimer's disease, cognitive decline, and depression. The present study aims to identify genetic comorbidities of age-related hearing loss. Past genome-wide association studies identified multiple genomic loci involved in common adult-onset health traits. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) could summarize the polygenic inheritance and quantify the genetic susceptibility of complex traits independent of trait expression. The present study conducted a PRS-based association analysis of age-related hearing difficulty in the UK Biobank sample (N = 425,240), followed by a replication analysis using hearing thresholds (HTs) and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in 242 young adults with self-reported normal hearing. We hypothesized that young adults with genetic comorbidities associated with age-related hearing difficulty would exhibit subclinical decline in HTs and DPOAEs in both ears. A total of 111,243 participants reported age-related hearing difficulty in the UK Biobank sample (> 40years). The PRS models were derived from the polygenic risk score catalog to obtain 2627 PRS predictors across the health spectrum. HTs (0.25-16kHz) and DPOAEs (1-16kHz, L1/L2 = 65/55dB SPL, F2/F1 = 1.22) were measured on 242 young adults. Saliva-derived DNA samples were subjected to low-pass whole genome sequencing, followed by genome-wide imputation and PRS calculation. The logistic regression analyses were performed to identify PRS predictors of age-related hearing difficulty in the UK Biobank cohort. The linear mixed model analyses were performed to identify PRS predictors of HTs and DPOAEs. The PRS-based association analysis identified 977 PRS predictors across the health spectrum associated with age-related hearing difficulty. Hearing difficulty and hearing aid use PRS predictors revealed the strongest association with the age-related hearing difficulty phenotype. Youth with a higher genetic predisposition to hearing difficulty revealed a subclinical elevation in HTs and a decline in DPOAEs in both ears. PRS predictors associated with age-related hearing difficulty were enriched for mental health, lifestyle, metabolic, sleep, reproductive, digestive, respiratory, hematopoietic, and immune traits. Fifty PRS predictors belonging to various trait categories were replicated for HTs and DPOAEs in both ears. The study identified genetic comorbidities associated with age-related hearing loss across the health spectrum. Youth with a high genetic predisposition to age-related hearing difficulty and other related complex traits could exhibit sub-clinical decline in HTs and DPOAEs decades before clinically meaningful age-related hearing loss is observed. We posit that effective communication of genetic risk, promoting a healthy lifestyle, and reducing exposure to environmental risk factors at younger ages could help prevent or delay the onset of age-related hearing difficulty at older ages.

An Atypically Bent Isocyanide at Iron in a Tetrapodal Penta‐Carbene Framework

AbstractReduction of the previously reported Iron (III) complex PhCC4MeFeCl with sodium naphthalide forms the square pyramidal complex PhCC4MeFe (1), cleanly in moderate yield with short reaction times. The related diamagnetic complex PhCC4MeFe(CNtBu) (2) was prepared by addition of an equivalent of tert‐butylisocyanide to a solution of 1. XRD of 2 reveals a rare bent form of the isocyanide moiety with a C−N−C bond angle of 142.67(18)° consistent with sp2 hybridization at the N‐atom while IR spectroscopy reveals an atypically broadened isocyanide stretch at νCNR=1981 cm−1; taken together these metrics are demonstrative of the excellent donor ability of the dianionic penta‐carbene framework and point to a degree of metal‐to‐ligand π‐backbonding rarely seen at isocyanide complexes of iron.

Progress in Nonaqueous Molecular Uranium Chemistry: Where to Next?

There is long-standing interest in nonaqueous uranium chemistry because of fundamental questions about uranium's variable chemical bonding and the similarities of this pseudo-Group 6 element to its congener d-block elements molybdenum and tungsten. To provide historical context, with reference to a conference presentation slide presented around 1988 that advanced a defining collection of top targets, and the challenge, for synthetic actinide chemistry to realize in isolable complexes under normal experimental conditions, this Viewpoint surveys progress against those targets, including (i) CO and related π-acid ligand complexes, (ii) alkylidenes, carbynes, and carbidos, (iii) imidos and terminal nitrides, (iv) homoleptic polyalkyls, -alkoxides, and -aryloxides, (v) uranium-uranium bonds, and (vi) examples of topics that can be regarded as branching out in parallel from the leading targets. Having summarized advances from the past four decades, opportunities to build on that progress, and hence possible future directions for the field, are highlighted. The wealth and diversity of uranium chemistry that is described emphasizes the importance of ligand-metal complementarity in developing exciting new chemistry that builds our knowledge and understanding of elements in a relativistic regime.

EFEKTIVITAS SISTEM PELAYANAN RAKYAT SIDOARJO (SIPRAJA) SEBAGAI PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI DESA GEMPOLSARI KABUPATEN SIDOARJO

The Sidoarjo Regency Government presents innovative public service products based on electronic technology in the form of applications, namely the Sidoarjo People's Service System (SIPRAJA). This research aims to measure the effectiveness of SIPRAJA as a public service in Gempolsari Village, Sidoarjo Regency. The quantitative research method used is one variable in a descriptive approach based on the theory of innovation characteristics according to Rogers which requires a sample of 100 respondents. This research has the results that the indicators of relative superiority, compatibility, complexity, testability and observability are very effective. So, the overall conclusion is that the effectiveness of SIPRAJA in Gempolsari Village, Sidoarjo Regency with a final result of a percentage value of 69% is included in the very effective category.

Single walled carbon nanotubes covalently functionalized by a ruthenium complex for photocatalytic oxidations

The covalent bonding of a ruthenium bipyridine complex derivative with the aromatic network of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) through a stepwise protocol is presented, thus yielding the sample SWNT-Ru. To do that, an-amino decorated phenanthroline is bonded to the nanotube by means of the diazonium chemistry protocol, providing anchoring points for discrete organometallic units as depicted by the solid characterization techniques employed. The hybrid material, able to emit upon excitation, is active in the visible light-driven photocatalytic oxidation of organic sulfides to sulfoxides. SWNT-Ru presents a wide scope being able to convert more than 10 substrates with different characteristics, including added-value chemicals, with a stable performance over more than 6 cycles without metal leaching and enhanced activity compared to related homogeneous complexes. A versatile character is also demonstrated since this hybrid catalyst follows both possible photooxidation mechanisms.

Photophysical Studies of a Zr(IV) Complex with Two Pyrrolide-Based Tetradentate Schiff Base Ligands.

The reaction of two equivalents of N,N'-bis(2-pyrrolylmethylidene)-1,2-phenylenediamine (H2bppda) with tetrabenzylzirconium provided the air- and moisture-stable eight-coordinate complex Zr(bppda)2. Temperature-dependent steady-state and time-resolved emission spectroscopy established weak photoluminescence (ΦPL = 0.4% at 293 K) by a combination of prompt fluorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) upon visible light excitation at and around room temperature. TADF emission is strongly quenched by 3O2 and shows highly temperature-sensitive emission lifetimes of hundreds of microseconds. The lifetime of the lowest energy singlet excited state, S1, was established by transient absorption spectroscopy and shows rapid deactivation (τ = 142 ps) by prompt fluorescence and intersystem crossing to the triplet state, T1. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations predict moderate ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) contributions of 25-30% for the S1 and T1 states. A comparison of Zr(bppda)2 to related zirconium pyridine dipyrrolide complexes, Zr(PDP)2, revealed important electronic structure changes due to the eight-coordinate ligand environment in Zr(bppda)2, which were correlated to differences in the photophysical properties between the two compound classes.

CORVET-specific subunit levels determine the balance between HOPS/CORVET endosomal tethering complexes

The closely related endolysosomal tethering complexes HOPS and CORVET play pivotal roles in the homo- and heterotypic fusion of early and late endosomes, respectively, and HOPS also mediates the fusion of lysosomes with incoming vesicles including late endosomes and autophagosomes. These heterohexameric complexes share their four core subunits that assemble with additional two, complex-specific subunits. These features and the similar structure of the complexes could allow the formation of hybrid complexes, and the complex specific subunits may compete for binding to the core. Indeed, our biochemical analyses revealed the overlap of binding sites for HOPS-specific VPS41 and CORVET-specific VPS8 on the shared core subunit VPS18. We found that the overexpression of CORVET-specific VPS8 or Tgfbrap1 decreased the amount of core proteins VPS11 and VPS18 that are assembled with HOPS-specific subunits VPS41 or VPS39, indicating reduced amount of assembled HOPS. In line with this, we observed the elevation of both lipidated, autophagosome-associated LC3 protein and the autophagic cargo p62 in these cells, suggesting impaired autophagosome-lysosome fusion. In contrast, overexpression of HOPS-specific VPS39 or VPS41 did not affect the level of assembled CORVET or autophagy. VPS8 or Tgfbrap1 overexpression also induced Cathepsin D accumulation, suggesting that HOPS-dependent biosynthetic delivery of lysosomal hydrolases is perturbed, too. These indicate that CORVET-specific subunit levels fine-tune HOPS assembly and activity in vivo.

The influence of efficiency pursuing on business streamlining 2.0

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop and validate the business streamlining (BS) model proposed in 2017.Design/methodology/approachThis study/paper develops and validates the qualitatively generated BS model, a conceptual model of service sourcing relationships, by testing it quantitatively. A survey was sent to chief exective officers, chief purchasing officers or facility managers in 764 private or public companies in Sweden with an annual turnover exceeding € 10m. The categories were tested and analyzed by means of factor analysis.FindingsThe BS model for managing service sourcing processes was confirmed to be significant overall, meaning that it is applicable irrespective of service sourcing context. The efficiency pursuing (EP) was found to have an interlinking role that calls for a revision of the BS model. Furthermore, the four categories tended to load pairwise.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough this cross-sectional study confirms the relevance of the BS model for managing service-sourcing processes, further studies should examine both the relative significance of its categories in different service-sourcing contexts and why the four main categories tend to pair.Practical implicationsThe results support that the model is flexible and adaptable to a wide range of service-sourcing circumstances. Irrespective of the relative complexity of facility management (FM) sourcing processes, the categories can be adapted to fit the service sourcing context. Thus, it can be used as a tool to analyze and facilitate strategic decision-making.Originality/valueThe paper validates that the BS model can represent the dynamics of different service-sourcing processes, regardless of the complexity of the context.

Synthesis of a 50-electron triangular ruthenium cluster containing a μ3-methylidyne ligand via the fragmentation of the Ru2 skeleton

A chloride salt of cationic triruthenium complex containing a μ3-methylidyne ligand, [{Cp*Ru(μ-Cl)}3(μ3CH)]+ (4; Cp* = η5-C5Me5)), was synthesized by the reaction of diruthenium tetrahydrido complex [Cp*Ru(μ-H)4RuCp*] (1) with chloroform in 91% yield. Although 4 contains a 50-electron configuration, an X-ray diffraction study of a tetraphenylborate salt of 4 demonstrated that 4 has a closed-triangular triruthenium skeleton with a Ru−Ru distance of ca. 2.87 Å, which is considerably longer than the Cl-bridged Ru−Ru distance in the related 48-electron μ3-methylidyne complex, [(Cp*Ru)3(μ3CH)(μ-Cl)2(μ-H)]+ (5; 2.757(1) Å). Complex 4 was also obtained by the reaction of triruthenium pentahydrido complex [{Cp*Ru(μ-H)}3(μ3H)2] (2) with CHCl3, and crossover experiments using 2 and [{CpEtRu(μ-H)}3(μ3H)2] (2-Et3; CpEt = η5-C5EtMe4) demonstrated that the cluster skeleton of 2 was broken during the reaction. These results are contrasted with the exclusive formation of dinuclear μ-chloromethylidyne complex, [(Cp*RuCl)2(μ-CCl)(μ-Cl)] (3), by the reaction of 1 with CCl4, and the number of nuclei of the product is suggested to be determined by the substituent at the methylidyne carbon. Although a triruthenium complex was not formed by the reaction of 3 with [Cp*RuCl]4, a heterobimetallic trinuclear μ3-methylidyne complex, [(Cp*Ru)2(Cp*Ir)(μ3CH)(μ-Cl)(μ-H)2] (9) was obtained by the reaction of 3 with [Cp*IrH4] along with substitution of the chloromethylidyne ligand by a hydride.

Molybdenum(VI) Nitrido Complexes with Tripodal Silanolate Ligands. Structure and Electronic Character of an Unsymmetrical Dimolybdenum μ-Nitrido Complex Formed by Incomplete Nitrogen Atom Transfer.

In contrast to a tungsten nitrido complex endowed with a tripodal silanolate ligand framework, which was reported in the literature to be a dimeric species with a metallacyclic core, the corresponding molybdenum nitrides 3 are monomeric entities comprising a regular terminal nitride unit, as proven by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). Their electronic character is largely determined by the constraints imposed on the metal center by the podand ligand architecture. 95Mo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and, to a lesser extent, 14N NMR spectroscopy allow these effects to be studied, which become particularly apparent upon comparison with the spectral data of related molybdenum nitrides comprising unrestrained silanolate, alkoxide, or amide ligands. Attempted nitrogen atom transfer from these novel terminal nitrides to [(tBuArN)3Mo] (Ar = 3,5-dimethylphenyl) as the potential acceptor stopped at the stage of unsymmetric dimolybdenum μ-nitrido complex 13a as the first intermediate along the reaction pathway. SC-XRD, NMR, electron paramagnetic resonance, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy as well as magnetometry in combination with density functional theory allowed a clear picture of the geometric and electronic structure of this mixed-valent species to be drawn. 13a is formally best described as an adduct of the type [(Mo[O])+III-(μN)-III-(Mo[N])+VI], S = 1/2 complex with (Mo[O])+III in the low-spin configuration, whereas related complexes such as [(AdS)3Mo-(μN)-Mo(NtBuAr)3] (19; Ad = 1-adamantyl) have previously been regarded in the literature as mixed-valent Mo+IV/Mo+V species. The spin population at the two Mo centers is uneven and notably larger at the more reduced Mo[O] atom, whereas the only spin present at the (μN) bridge is derived from spin polarization.

Gold(Ⅰ) organometallics with alkynyl and N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their medicinal and computational chemistry evaluation as prospective anticancer drugs

Gold(Ⅰ) organometallics of the type alkynylgold(Ⅰ)(NHC) (where NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) 5a – 5f and 6a/b were prepared and evaluated as prospective anticancer agents by computational and medicinal chemistry methods. DFT calculations showed similar stability for the series, with differing dipole moments, depending on the substituents on the alkynyl and the NHC ligands. Studies in cancer cell lines indicated in general that the complexes with the largest dipole moments exhibited the highest antiproliferative activity in comparison with structurally closely related complexes. Thus, complexes 5f, (with 4-fluoroethynylbenzene as alkynyl precursor), and 6b, (with mestranol as alkynyl precursor) containing the same methoxy‑substituted NHC ligand showed in general the strongest biological activity. Protein binding studies confirmed a high affinity to albumin (around 90 %) and cellular uptake studies indicated an increased uptake of the most active complex 5f.

KEY ASPECTS OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE CHARACTER OF COMPETITION ON THE UKRAINIAN FOOD MARKET

The set of opportunities of an agricultural enterprise to create competitive advantages make up the potential of its competitiveness. However, competitive advantages, especially those that can be characterized as sustainable, are formed on the basis of the mobilization of the economic potential of the enterprise, which is a set of opportunities for the long-term implementation of the main activity of the business entity. Accordingly, the study identified the place and role of the potential of competitiveness in the structure of the enterprise's potential and its relationship with the economic potential. In turn, it was established that the components of economic potential are production potential in combination with commercial and sales opportunities, the basis of all types of enterprise potential is resource potential, and the potential of product competitiveness and enterprise competitiveness is based on the economic potential of the enterprise, contributing to the growth of the latter. Agricultural producers face many problems that can prevent them from growing and selling their products profitably. The problem of ensuring the effective economic activity of the studied subjects of agricultural production lies in the relative complexity of the relationships between them within the framework of the current market environment. the market environment of the functioning of commercial structures is not homogeneous, and the levers of state regulation do not have an unequivocal effect on all operators of one or another commodity market at the same time. To increase productivity and expand participation in market relations, they absolutely need appropriate mechanisms and policy measures. In the current situation, it becomes necessary for each manufacturer to analyze its competitiveness and develop effective means to increase it. An important condition for ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises is the effective use of resources, personnel qualifications, achievements of modern management, innovative, financial and informational capabilities of the enterprise, which together represent its potential. State determination of the legal field of existence of market participants requires a clear understanding of the relevant state of their interaction and the development trends of this interaction. The consequences of agricultural regulation policy and the manifestation of market forces in relation to the productivity and evolution of the food industry vary depending on the field, direction of production, etc.

Photorelease of Nitric Oxide (NO) in Mono- and Bimetallic Ruthenium Nitrosyl Complexes: A Photokinetic Investigation with a Two-Step Model.

Two monometallic and three bimetallic ruthenium acetonitrile (RuMeCN) complexes are presented and fully characterized. All of them are built from the same skeleton [FTRu(bpy)(MeCN)]2+, in which FT is a fluorenyl-substituted terpyridine ligand and bpy is the 2,2'-bipyridine. The crystal structure of [FTRu(bpy)(MeCN)](PF6)2 is presented. A careful spectroscopic analysis allows establishing that these 5 RuMeCN complexes can be identified as the product of the photoreaction of 5 related RuNO complexes, investigated as efficient nitric oxide (NO) donors. Based on this set of complexes, the mechanism of the NO photorelease of the bimetallic complexes has been established through a complete investigation under irradiations performed at 365, 400, 455, and 490 nm wavelength. A two-step (A → B → C) kinetic model specially designed for this purpose provides a good description of the mechanism, with quantum yields of photorelease in the range 0.001-0.029, depending on the irradiation wavelength. In the first step of release, the quantum yields (ϕAB) are always found to be larger than those of the second step (ϕBC), at any irradiation wavelengths.

Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Complex-Protein Disulphide Isomerase Assemblies in the Thiol-Disulphide Exchange Reactions: Portrayal of Precursor-to-Successor Complexes.

The human Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Complex (hVKORC1), a key enzyme that converts vitamin K into the form necessary for blood clotting, requires for its activation the reducing equivalents supplied by its redox partner through thiol-disulphide exchange reactions. The functionally related molecular complexes assembled during this process have never been described, except for a proposed de novo model of a 'precursor' complex of hVKORC1 associated with protein disulphide isomerase (PDI). Using numerical approaches (in silico modelling and molecular dynamics simulation), we generated alternative 3D models for each molecular complex bonded either covalently or non-covalently. These models differ in the orientation of the PDI relative to hVKORC1 and in the cysteine residue involved in forming protein-protein disulphide bonds. Based on a comparative analysis of these models' shape, folding, and conformational dynamics, the most probable putative complexes, mimicking the 'precursor', 'intermediate', and 'successor' states, were suggested. In addition, we propose using these complexes to develop the 'allo-network drugs' necessary for treating blood diseases.

Reversible Photoinduced Ligand Substitution in a Luminescent Chromium(0) Complex.

Light-triggered dissociation of ligands forms the basis for many compounds of interest for photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT), in which medicinally active substances are released or "uncaged" from metal complexes upon illumination. Photoinduced ligand dissociation is usually irreversible, and many recent studies performed in the context of PACT focused on ruthenium(II) polypyridines and related heavy metal complexes. Herein, we report a first-row transition metal complex, in which photoinduced dissociation and spontaneous recoordination of a ligand unit occurs. Two scorpionate-type tridentate chelates provide an overall six-coordinate arylisocyanide environment for chromium(0). Photoexcitation causes decoordination of one of these six ligating units and coordination of a solvent molecule, at least in tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane solvents, but far less in toluene, and below detection limit in cyclohexane. Transient UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemical simulations point to photoinduced ligand dissociation directly from an excited metal-to-ligand charge-transfer state. Owing to the tridentate chelate design and the substitution lability of the first-row transition metal, recoordination of the photodissociated arylisocyanide ligand unit can occur spontaneously on a millisecond time scale. This work provides insight into possible self-healing mechanisms counteracting unwanted photodegradation processes and seems furthermore relevant in the contexts of photoswitching and (photo)chemical information storage.

Photochemistry of micro-solvated benzonitrile complexes with water/ammonia bordering on the formation of icy grains

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) act as condensation nuclei for water/ammonia molecules forming icy water clusters. In the context of small aromatic rings, we have theoretically examined complexes of benzonitrile with water/ammonia molecules in order to investigate the photochemical kinetics of the icy grain formation. First, we obtain the structure of energetically stable complexes containing different H-bonding patterns and analyze their effects in the infrared (IR) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectra, before and after ionization. Second, we evaluate the H-bonding reorientation kinetics of the complexes at low temperatures, which indicates that the process involving water occurs faster than the corresponding process involving ammonia. Finally, the thermal rate constants indicate which configurations are the most likely to be ionized under vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation. Our results are consistent with what has experimentally been observed for related complexes, and are useful as a starting point to investigate the process of the icy grains formation. This study provides insight into possible subsequent photochemical reactions occurring in the interstellar medium (ISM) or in jet-cooled molecular complexes.

A value analysis of longitudinal integrated clerkships: consideration of costs and benefits

ABSTRACT Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships (LICs) prioritise longitudinal relationships with faculty, patients, and place. Research shows that LICs benefit students and faculty, but most medical schools have limited LIC programmes. This is likely due to perceptions that LICs are more costly and complex than traditional block rotations (TBRs). The perceived cost versus evidence-based value related to clerkship education has not been examined in detail. Until recently, no ‘All-LIC’ medical school exemplars existed in the US, limiting the value of this model as well as the ability to examine relative cost and complexity. In this paper, we draw on our experience launching three ‘All-LIC’ medical schools in the United States – schools in which the entire clerkship class participates in a comprehensive clerkship-year LIC. We propose that the known benefits of LICs coupled with cost-mitigation strategies related to running an ‘All LIC’ model for core clinical clerkships, rather than block and LIC models simultaneously, results in a higher value for medical schools.

A volumetric, ultraacoustical study and computational study of molecular interactions in 4-aminoantipyrine-aqueous-β-cyclodextrin solutions

Present work reports experimental densities and corresponding apparent and standard partial molar volumes, ultrasonic velocities and isentropic, apparent and standard partial molar compressibilities of 4-Aminoantipyrine-aqueous-β-cyclodextrin (0.000 mol∙kg−1, 0.001 mol∙kg−1, 0.005 mol∙kg−1, 0.010 mol∙kg−1and 0.015 mol∙kg−1) solutions at different temperatures. Transfer properties like transfer volumes and compressions were calculated. The refractive indices of these systems were also measured. The computational properties such as solvation energy (ΔESol), relative stabilization energy (ΔERel), complexation energy (ΔEComp) and change in volume (ΔV) were computed using DFT. The results from volumetric and acoustical studies have been evaluated in terms of molecular interactions and their existence confirmed from experimental and computational studies. The values of transfer volumes and compressibilities indicate the hydrophilic-hydrophilic interactions between polar groups of 4-Aminoantipyrine and hydroxyl groups of β-cyclodextrin dominating over hydrophobic-hydrophobic interactions between the phenyl group of 4-Aminoantipyrine and hydrophobic interior of β-cyclodextrin.

An Insight into the Effect of Schiff Base and their d and f Block Metal Complexes on Various Cancer Cell Lines as Anticancer Agents: A Review.

Over the last few decades, an alarming rise in the percentage of individuals with cancer and those with multi-resistant illnesses has forced researchers to explore possibilities for novel therapeutic approaches. Numerous medications currently exist to treat various disorders, and the development of small molecules as anticancer agents has considerable potential. However, the widespread prevalence of resistance to multiple drugs in cancer indicates that it is necessary to discover novel and promising compounds with ideal characteristics that could overcome the multidrug resistance issue. The utilisation of metallo-drugs has served as a productive anticancer chemotherapeutic method, and this approach may be implemented for combating multi-resistant tumours more successfully. Schiff bases have been receiving a lot of attention as a group of compounds due to their adaptable metal chelating abilities, innate biologic properties, and versatility to tweak the structure to optimise it for a specific biological purpose. The biological relevance of Schiff base and related complexes, notably their anticancer effects, has increased in their popularity as bio-inorganic chemistry has progressed. As a result of learning about Schiff bases antitumor efficacy against multiple cancer cell lines and their complexes, researchers are motivated to develop novel, side-effect-free anticancer treatments. According to study reports from the past ten years, we are still seeking a powerful anticancer contender. This study highlights the potential of Schiff bases, a broad class of chemical molecules, as potent anticancer agents. In combination with other anticancer strategies, they enhance the efficacy of treatment by elevating the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy, surmounting drug resistance, and promoting targeted therapy. Schiff bases also cause cancer cell DNA repair, improve immunotherapy, prevent angiogenesis, cause apoptosis, and lessen the side effects of chemotherapy. The present review explores the development of potential Schiff base and their d and f block metal complexes as anticancer agents against various cancer cell lines.

Envisioning sustainable sanitation planning: a unified approach of diffusion of innovation and theory of planned behavior in predicting ecosan toilet adoption in Arba Minch City, Ethiopia

This study explores the adoption of ecological sanitation (ecosan) toilets in Arba Minch City, Ethiopia, using an integrated approach combining the diffusion of innovation (DOI) model and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The research aims to understand the complex associations between DOI variables (relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, trialability, and observability) and TPB constructs (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control) in predicting residents’ behavioral attitudes and intentions. Applying Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and bootstrapping techniques, the study investigates direct and indirect effects, offering a comprehensive analysis of the adoption process. The objectives include examining the influence of TPB and DOI constructs on residents’ intentions, unraveling direct and indirect effects on these intentions, and investigating variations among users of different toilet types in the city. The result of the study shows that attitude and perceived behavioral control are central to shaping intentions, aligning with TPB principles. Contextual factors like compatibility, relative advantage, and trayability reveal nuanced insights, deviating from conventional patterns. The study identifies attitude as a key moderator between DOI constructs and behavioral intention, enriching our understanding of the adoption process. In conclusion, the integrated DOI and TPB model provides nuanced perspectives on factors influencing behavioral attitudes and intentions toward ecosan toilet adoption. The crucial roles of perceived behavioral control and attitude underscore the importance of tailored interventions. The study’s insights are relevant for policymakers, practitioners, and development organizations working on sustainable sanitation practices in urban areas, contributing to broader sustainable development objectives.