Relative Biological Value Research Articles

Intensity-modulated proton radiotherapy spares musculoskeletal structures in regional nodal irradiation for breast cancer: a dosimetric comparison.

Regional nodal irradiation (RNI) for breast cancer delivers radiation in proximity to the shoulder and torso, and radiation exposure may contribute to long-term upper extremity and postural morbidity. To date, no studies have assessed the differential dosimetric impact of proton versus photon radiation on shoulder and torso anatomy. This study examined clinically relevant musculoskeletal (MSK) structures and assessed the dose delivered with each modality. Ten MSK structures were contoured on IMPT (intensity-modulated proton therapy) and VMAT (volumetric modulated arc therapy) plans for 30 patients receiving RNI. Relevant dose metrics were compared for each of the structures. Intensity-modulated proton therapy dose was calculated using the relative biological effective value of 1.1. Hypo-fractionated plans were scaled to the equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions (EQD2) using an alpha/beta ratio of four. Wilcoxon signed rank sum tests compared doses. Select three-dimensional and optimised VMAT plans were also informally compared. Each of the 10 structures received a statistically significantly lower dose with the use of IMPT compared with VMAT. Differences were greatest for posterior structures, including the trapezius, latissimus dorsi and glenohumeral joint. Mean absolute differences were as great as 23 Gy (supraspinatus D5cc) and up to 30-fold dose reductions were observed (deltoid D50cc). An average 3.7-fold relative dose reduction existed across all structures. Measures of low/intermediate dose (V15Gy and D50cc) showed the largest differences. Intensity-modulated proton therapy results in statistically lower radiation exposure to relevant shoulder and torso anatomy compared to photon radiation for patients requiring RNI. Prospective study is needed to correlate functional outcomes with radiation dose.

The Development and Adaptation of a Predictive Model of Full-Factor Optimisation of the Basic Probiotic Fermented Dairy Product Technological Process

Introduction: In the conditions of rapidly developing markets and the increasing needs of the population for new types of products with long shelf life, there is a need to expand their range, further improve their quality and biological value, and modernize traditional technologies. The main means of achieving these goals is to increase the efficiency and quality of scientific research and accelerate the introduction of scientific achievements in industry. The latter will make adjustments to accelerate the development of effective technologies of whole-milk products. The use of new methods of experiment planning in order to optimize technological processes will reduce the duration of research on the creation of new types of products.Purpose: The article is devoted to the research related to the development and adaptation of a predictive (mathematical) model for optimization of the technological process of probiotic fermented dairy product production. This approach will allow to ensure the design of a certain set of formulations for probiotic fermented dairy product, in which the relative biological value (RBV) will correspond to the maximum value at satisfactory given process parameters.Materials and Methods: The objects of research were: probiotic fermented dairy product manufactured in accordance with the developed mathematical model of the process. The search of specialized literature was carried out using electronic databases: E-library, Scopus, MDPI, Science Direct. Mathematical processing of experimental data for the development of the probiotic fermented dairy product model was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2010 (Microsoft Corporation, Ink.) with the "Solution Search" add-in, as well as specialized software packages TableCurve 2D v.5.01 (SYSTAT Software, Ink.) and Wolfram Mathematica 10.2 (Wolfram Research, Ink.).Results: A mathematical model for optimization of the technological process of probiotic fermented dairy product production was developed. A full-factor experiment (FFE) was conducted, in which the mass fraction of sucrose ( , %) and fat-protein index (r) - the ratio of the mass fraction of fat to the mass fraction of protein in the normalized mixture in the intervals from 0 to 10 and from 0 to 1.5%, respectively, were taken as independent factors. RBV was taken as the resultant factor. Based on the results of the research, a refined mathematical description of the dependence of RBV indicator on the mass fraction of sucrose and fat-protein index was obtained. The set of data on the influence of the mass fraction of sucrose on the dynamics of local maximum of RBV and the dynamics of the corresponding values of the mass fraction of fat showed that the maximum of RBV equal to 244.866% corresponded to the mass fraction of sucrose equal to 7.31%. The latter corresponded to the optimum fat-protein index of 1.241. In order to ensure maximum RBV, the lower limit of the mass fraction of fat had to correspond to 3.475%. The analysis of the FFE data showed the presence of additional corrective factors of RBV indicator dependence on fat and protein mass fraction indices. To refine the developed model taking into account additional factors, a correction factor (Q) was introduced into it.Conclusion: Approbation of the optimization model of the technological process of probiotic fermented dairy product production and the obtained mathematical dependencies can serve as a criterion for the formation of a set of formulations for the production of sugar-containing fermented dairy products with a high potential of relative biological value. It should be taken into account that the definition area of this approach is limited in terms of mass fraction of fat in the range from 0.06 to 4.84% and mass fraction of protein - from 2.8 to 3.9%. With this approach (model development) it is possible to analyze promising modes for the studied process, which in real conditions at the experimental stage are not always possible to obtain. The development of this model will significantly reduce the duration of research on the optimization of the technological process.

Assessment of the amino and fatty acid composition and biological value of meat of broiler chickens taken by “Subtiform” probiotic bio preparation

Probiotics are widely used for intensive technologies of growing broiler chickens due to their ecologically harmless properties, increasing productivity and obtaining safe and high-quality meat products. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the probiotic biopreparation Subtiform on the amino and fatty acid composition and biological value of chicken meat after drinking the probiotic biopreparation Subtiform in different doses. Broiler chickens from 28 to 42 days of age were given the probiotic bio preparation Subtiform, which contains Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis at 2.5 × 109 CFU/g and dry milk serum per 20 birds in a cage: control - birds were not given probiotics with water; experiment 1 – 0.5 g/10 dm3 of water; experiment 2 – 2.0 g/10 dm3 of water; experiment 3 – 4.0 g/10 dm3 of water. The total content of amino acids in the breast meat of broiler chickens slightly increased in experiment 1 – by 1.71 % (Р < 0.01), in experiment 2 – by 3.57 % (Р ≤ 0.001), in experiment 3 – by 12.35 % (Р ≤ 0.001). The content of essential amino acids in breast meat was increased – 5.39 ± 0.04 mg/100 mg (Р ≤ 0.001) due to an increase in the content of methionine – 1.7 times (Р ≤ 0.01), leucine – by 1.3 times (Р ≤ 0.001), lysine and isoleucine – 1.2 times compared to the control group; the content of substituted amino acids also increased – 9.07 ± 0.04 mg/100 mg (Р ≤ 0.001) due to an increase in the content of aspartic acid – 1.2 times (Р ≤ 0.01), glutamic acid – 1.13 times (Р ≤ 0.01), as well as a decrease in glycine content – by 1.2 times (Р≤0.01) compared to the control group. The protein-quality index in experiment 3 was higher due to the increased content of tryptophan – 0.37 ± 0.025 mg/100 mg of meat (Р ≤ 0.001) and oxyproline – 0.06 ± 0.002 mg/100 mg of meat (Р ≤ 0.001). A positive effect of the probiotic biological preparation of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis on the fatty acid composition of the meat of broiler chickens of the research groups was established. The highest total content of saturated fatty acids to the total content of fatty acids in percentage was in experimental group 3 – 38.39 ± 0.002 %, which accordingly increased by 8.11 % compared to the control group (35.51 ± 0.002 %), due to the increase due to the increase in palmitic, stearic, iso-stearic content. The content of monounsaturated acids was characterized by the content of myrostolenic, palmitoleic, heptadeceneic, oleic, gondoic, and erucic nervonic acids. The highest content of monounsaturated fatty acids in experimental group 3 is 43.77 ± 0.002 % (Р≤0.001) due to an increase in the content of 43.77 ± 0.002 % (Р ≤ 0.001) of palmitoleic, oleic and gondoic acids. The increase in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the meat of broiler chickens in experimental sample 3 was the highest – 25.16 ± 0.02 % (Р ≤ 0.001) due to the increase in the content (Р ≤ 0.001) of linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic fatty acids. The highest total content of omega-3 was in experimental groups of broiler chicken meat 2 and 3, respectively – 1.03 ± 0.001 % (Р ≤ 0.001) and 1.30 ± 0.001 % (Р ≤ 0.001) and omega-6, respectively – 22.98 ± 0.014 % (Р ≤ 0.001) and 23.40 ± 0.015 % (Р ≤ 0.001). The ratio ∑Omega-6/∑Omega-3 was – 22.31 and 18.00 in experimental groups 2 and 3, respectively. An increase in the relative biological value of meat (103.85 %) was observed when using Tetrachimena piriformis in a dose of the probiotic biopreparation Subtiform – 4.0 g/10 dm3 of water. The practical value of the research lies in the use of the probiotic biopreparation Subtiform to increase the biological value of meat and improve the amino acid and fatty acid profile.

Estimation of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the 177Lu − DOTA − iPSMA radiopharmaceutical

Relative biological effectiveness is a radiobiological parameter relevant in radiotherapy planning and useful in evaluating the physiological impact of radiation in different tissues. Targeted radionuclide therapy allows the selective and specific deposition of higher radiation doses in a noninvasive way and without collateral effects through the administration of radiopharmaceuticals. Lu−DOTA−177(hydrazinylnicotinoyl−Lys−(Nal)−NH−CO−NH−Glu) also called Lu−iPSMA177 is a third generation radiopharmaceutical composed by a peptide that recognizes the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a membrane protein overexpressed in several types of cancer and that mediates the radiopharmaceutical's recognition of cancer cells. The present study reports radiobiological parameters of Lu−iPSMA177 and demonstrates the superiority of targeted radiopharmaceuticals over external radiotherapy treatment options in terms of their relative biological effectiveness. The relative biological effectiveness value of 1.020±0.003 for the LINAC, estimated by fitting the linear-quadratic model equation to the resulting survival curves, was like those of 1.25±0.04,1.060±0.005and1.00±0.04 obtained by an alternative method in relation to the mean lethal doses at 90, 80 or 60 survival percent respectively. While the relative biological effectiveness values of 5.65±0.13,4.72±0.27and2.87±0.19 estimated for Lu−iPSMA177 were significantly higher than those for the LINAC. The results confirm that the biological effect produced by the deposition of a radiation absorbed dose delivered by the LINAC can be induced with a quarter of that dose using Lu−iPSMA177 due to the energy distribution, dose-rate and energy fluence.

Of Men and Mice: Using Terrestrial Radiation Epidemiology Methods to Inform Analysis of Animal Models for Space Radiation Risk Assessment.

Prediction of cancer risk from space radiation exposure is critical to ensure spaceflight crewmembers are adequately informed of the risks they face when accepting assignments to ambitious long-duration exploratory missions. Although epidemiological studies have assessed the effects of exposure to terrestrial radiation, no robust epidemiological studies of humans exposed to space radiation exist to support estimates of the risk from space radiation exposure. Mouse data derived from recent irradiation experiments provides valuable information to successfully develop mouse-based excess risks models for assessing relative biological effectiveness for heavy ions that can provide information to scale unique space radiation exposures so that excess risks estimated for terrestrial radiation can be adjusted for space radiation risk assessment. Bayesian analyses were used to simulate linear slopes for excess risk models with several different effect modifiers for attained age and sex. Relative biological effectiveness values for all-solid cancer mortality were calculated from the ratio of the heavy-ion linear slope to the gamma linear slope using the full posterior distribution and resulted in values that were substantially lower than what is currently applied in risk assessment. These analyses provide an opportunity to improve characterization of parameters used in the current NASA Space Cancer Risk (NSCR) model and generate new hypotheses for future animal experiments using out-bred mouse populations.

Toxicological characteristics of raw milk with different contents of 17β-estradiol

Despite the benefits and biological value of dairy products, they can also be a source of dangerous substances of natural and artificial origin. Such substances include the estrogen hormone 17β-estradiol, an excessive amount of which causes oncological diseases and reproductive system dysfunction. A study was conducted to determine the toxicological evaluation of raw milk with different 17β-estradiol content on the culture of the ciliate Tetrachymena pyriformis. The content of 17β-estradiol was determined by enzyme immunoassay using the RIDASCREEN®17β-őstradiol test system (Art-Biopharm/R-Biopharm, Darmstadt, Germany). During the determination of acute toxicity, under the condition of the content of 17ß-estradiol in the raw milk in the amount from 20.0 to 2500 pg/ml, no changes in motor activity, body shape and inhibition of reproduction of ciliates were observed. At the content of 17ß-estradiol in milk in the range of 5000.0−5500.0 pg/ml, a slowdown in the motor activity of ciliates was observed without changing the nature of the movement. Thus, the amount of 17ß-estradiol in milk greater than 5000.0 pg/ml causes a minor effect on the vital activity and motor activity of Tetrachymena pyriformis ciliates. During 96 hours of the existence of ciliates in milk, chronic toxic effects on cells were not observed for the content of 17ß-estradiol from 20.0 to 2500.0 pg/ml. Addition of 17ß-estradiol to raw milk in the amount of 5000.0 to 5500.0 pg/ml caused a chronic toxic effect on ciliates, as a result of which the total score in all determined indicators increased to 2 points. Thus, raw milk with an amount of 17ß-estradiol from 5000.0 to 5500.0 pg/ml may exhibit some chronic toxic effect on the cells of the ciliated infusoria. It was established that the relative biological value of raw milk with a content of 17ß-estradiol up to 2500.0 pg/ml was from 98.6 to 97.7 %, and in samples of raw milk with the maximum amount of the hormone (5000.0−5500.0 pg/ml) decreased by an average of 10 % to 89.22 %. Therefore, if the amount of 17ß-estradiol in milk is more than 5000.0 mg/ml, a chronic toxic effect on Tetrachymena pyriformis cells is possible.

The risk-based control of the safety and quality of freshwater fish for sale in the agri-food market

Scientifically substantiated and experimentally proven the feasibility of conducting proper risk-based control of the safety and quality of freshwater fish in the Kyiv region's agro-food markets following the regulatory document's requirements, developed by express, improved methods for determining freshness and microstructural examination of muscle tissue. At organoleptic assessmentUkrainian scaly carp, crucian carp, and pike perch were fresh, and rotan was of dubious freshness. Regarding pH value, Nesler number, and qualitative reaction to the content of ammonia and ammonia salts with ’Nesler’s reagent, the meat of Ukrainian scaly carp, crucian carp, and pike perch corresponded to fish of a fresh degree. For rotan meat, its dubious freshness was established. In the photometric determination of the studied fish's freshness, the optical density of the supernatant correlated with the quality indicators for the content of ammonia and ammonia salts. An improved benzidine test with a filtrate from the gills of the mouth confirms the doubtfulness of the freshness of the fish. The studied fish samples corresponded to the standard indicators according to microscopic indicators and the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms. By determining the chemical parameters of the studied fish, it was found that the mass fraction of water in meat was the highest in rotan (78.30 ±0.13%) and was accompanied by the smallest mass fraction of dry matter (21.70 ±0.09), the proportion of proteins (16.96 ±0.06), indicators of fat in meat (3.01 ±0.06%) and formed the lowest indicator of its relative biological value – 92.5%. In benign fish with organoleptic indicators, a microstructural study of muscle tissue revealed significant changes in its structure with atrophy of individual muscle fibers and growth in these areas of connective, mainly fatty tissue.

Relative Biological Effectiveness Values of Spot-scanning Proton Beam Therapy at Shonan Kamakura General Hospital.

This study aimed to confirm the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values of the proton beam therapy (PBT) system installed in Shonan Kamakura General Hospital. Clonogenic cell-survival assays were performed with a human salivary gland (HSG) cell line, a human tongue squamous-cell carcinoma cell line (SAS), and a human osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63). Cells were irradiated with proton beams and X-rays with different doses (1.8, 3.6, 5.5, and 7.3 Gy for proton beams, and 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy for X-rays). Proton beam irradiation used spot-scanning methods and three different depths (at the proximal, center, and distal sides of the spread-out Bragg peak). RBE values were obtained from a comparison of the dose that resulted in a surviving fraction of 10% (D10). D10 of proton beams at the proximal, center, and distal sides and X-rays in HSG were 4.71, 4.71, 4.51, and 5.25 Gy, respectively; those in SAS were 5.08, 5.04, 5.01, and 5.59 Gy, respectively; and those in MG-63 were 5.36, 5.42, 5.12, and 6.06 Gy, respectively. The RBE10 values at the proximal, center, and distal sides in HSG were 1.11, 1.11, and 1.16 respectively; those in SAS were 1.10, 1.11, and 1.12, respectively; and those in MG-63 were 1.13, 1.12, and 1.18, respectively. RBE10 values of 1.10-1.18 were confirmed by in vitro experiments using the PBT system. These results are considered acceptable for clinical use in terms of therapeutic efficacy and safety.

Linear Energy Transfer and Relative Biological Effectiveness Investigation of Various Structures for a Cohort of Proton Patients With Brain Tumors

PurposeThe current knowledge on biological effects associated with proton therapy is limited. Therefore, we investigated the distributions of dose, dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LETd), and the product between dose and LETd (DLETd) for a patient cohort treated with proton therapy. Different treatment planning system features and visualization tools were explored. Methods and MaterialsFor a cohort of 24 patients with brain tumors, the LETd, DLETd, and dose was calculated for a fixed relative biological effectiveness value and 2 variable models: plan-based and phenomenological. Dose threshold levels of 0, 5, and 20 Gy were imposed for LETd visualization. The relationship between physical dose and LETd and the frequency of LETd hotspots were investigated. ResultsThe phenomenological relative biological effectiveness model presented consistently higher dose values. For lower dose thresholds, the LETd distribution was steered toward higher values related to low treatment doses. Differences up to 26.0% were found according to the threshold. Maximum LETd values were identified in the brain, periventricular space, and ventricles. An inverse relationship between LETd and dose was observed. Frequency information to the domain of dose and LETd allowed for the identification of clusters, which steer the mean LETd values, and the identification of higher, but sparse, LETd values. ConclusionsIdentifying, quantifying, and recording LET distributions in a standardized fashion is necessary, because concern exists over a link between toxicity and LET hotspots. Visualizing DLETd or dose × LETd during treatment planning could allow for clinicians to make informed decisions.

Modification of Biotesting-Based Fermented Dairy Product Design for Curd and Curd Products

The key trends driving the global dairy market are shelf-life extension and generating consumer demand for new products. Healthy diets and special foods meet the criteria based on the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score, while other factors affecting the digestibility and actual biological value of the protein are not considered. Express biological evaluation tests are very important for choosing the optimal formulation and efficient manufacturing process in order to maximize the biological value (BV). Such tests adequately represent the food properties: safety, nutrition value, digestibility, health benefits, etc. This study deals with the procedures for the quick biological evaluation of dairy products using indicator organisms. We adapted the relative biological value evaluation procedure, involving Tetrahymena pyriformis, for curd (cottage cheese) and curd products. The experiments showed that the most significant parameters are the milk pasteurization temperature and the curd heating temperature. The full factorial experiment identified the optimal curd production conditions to maximize the relative biological value (RBV): 81 °C milk pasteurization temperature and 54 °C curd heating temperature using the acid method of curd production. With these parameters, the RBV is at least 282%. Biotesting confirmed the optimal curd product component ratio of 60% curd to 40% fermented dairy beverage.

Development and Application of the First Carbon Ion Therapy System in China

At present, heavy ion is an ideal radiation for cancer treatment, and carbon ion is used in the treatment of many kinds of cancer due to its higher relative biological effect value. In 2019, Wuwei heavy ion center built the first medical heavy ion accelerator-carbon ion radiotherapy system in China, and obtained the registration license from the National Medical Products Administration, and officially received cancer patients in March 2020. This study introduced the development and application of the first carbon ion radiotherapy system in China.

Lung-Cancer Risk in Mice after Exposure to Gamma Rays, Carbon Ions or Neutrons: Egfr Pathway Activation and Frequent Nuclear Abnormality

Lung is one of the high-risk organs for radiation-induced carcinogenesis, but the risk of secondary lung-cancer development after particle-beam therapy and the underlying mechanism(s) remain to be elucidated. To investigate the effects of particle-beam radiation on adjacent normal tissues during cancer therapy, 7-week-old male and female B6C3F1 mice were irradiated with 0.2-4 Gy of gamma rays (for comparison), carbon ions (290 MeV/u, linear energy transfer 13 keV/µm), or fast neutrons (0.05-1 Gy, mean energy, ∼2 MeV), and lung-tumor development was assessed by histopathology. Mice irradiated with ≥2 Gy of carbon ions or ≥0.2 Gy of neutrons developed lung adenocarcinoma (AC) significantly sooner than did non-irradiated mice. The relative biological effectiveness values for carbon ions for lung AC development were 1.07 for male mice and 2.59 for females, and the corresponding values for neutrons were 4.63 and 4.57. Genomic analysis of lung ACs revealed alterations in genes involved in Egfr signaling. Hyperphosphorylation of Erk and a frequent nuclear abnormality (i.e., nuclear groove) were observed in lung ACs of mice irradiated with carbon ions or neutrons compared with ACs from non-irradiated or gamma-ray-irradiated groups. Our data indicate that the induction of lung AC by carbon ions occurred at a rate similar to that for gamma rays in males and approximately 2-to 3-fold greater than that for gamma rays in females. In contrast, the effect of neutrons on lung AC development was approximately 4- to 5-fold greater than that of gamma rays. Our results provide valuable information concerning risk assessment of radiation-induced lung tumors after particle-beam therapy and increase our understanding of the molecular basis of tumor development.

Comparative analysis of sweet cherry cultivars on their ecological and biological indicators

Sweet cherries are slightly more demanding than sour cherries. It is grown in warmer areas around the world. The relative ecological values obtained for the varieties obtained by extensive data collection differ slightly from the leading descriptions. Warm and demanding. The woody parts tolerate the cool of the winter quite well, the flower buds are damaged by the spring frosts. Its water demand is medium, in the case of 550 mm of annual rainfall, it adorns well on loose soils with good nutrient supply. Airy ground, neutral soil (pH 5.5-7.5) is optimal, but not suitable for areas with strongly calcareous, stagnant, stagnant groundwater. From the start of ripening, sudden rainfall, stormy winds and birds can cause great damage. Highlighting the world’s leading varieties in the study (Bing, Rainier, Chelan, Van and Burlat) (Iezzoni et al., 1991, Faust & Surányi, 1997) - according to relative ecological and biological values, the most popular cherries are mainly they differed from the other varieties based on TB and KB. Open pollination and with it, the productivity of the varieties exceeded the overall variety average precisely because of the breeding objectives. Certainly, the analysis of historical varieties, the oldest landscape and local varieties based on relative ecological and biological values can help further pomological-ecological research.

Slaughter condition, safety and quality of slaughter products of turkeys of meat productivity in the use of prebiotic drug Аctigen

Ukraine's food security is due to the production of a sufficient number of high-quality, environmentally friendly, high-quality food products of animal origin, including poultry products. The purpose and objectives of the study. To analyze the slaughter condition, safety, and quality of slaughter products of meat turkeys in the direction of productivity when using the prebiotic drug actigen. The object of study was turkeys of the BIG-6 breed. The prebiotic Actigen was added to the essential diet of turkeys in the following doses: from the 1st to the 21st day: 0.4; 0.8 and 1 g/kg of feed; from the 22nd to the 42nd day: 0.4; 0.6 and 0.8 g/kg of feed; from the 42nd to the 120th day: 0.2; 0.4 and 0.7 g/kg of feed. Mixing prebiotics with compound feed was performed with a feed mixer on the farm for compound feed production. The bird had free access to food and water throughout the fattening. According to DSTU 3143:2013, carcasses of broiler turkeys of experimental groups belong to the first category of fattening. The macrostructural characteristics of the organs of broiler turkeys in the experimental groups correspond to the age norm of the bird. Organomacroscopic characteristics of slaughter products of broiler turkeys of all experimental groups do not differ significantly. When determining the organoleptic characteristics of broiler turkey meat after using the prebiotic Actigen, it was established that Volodar LLC, Kyiv region, sells quality products that meet the requirements of the current National Standard. In the study of microbiological and microscopic indicators of broiler turkey meat after the use of the prebiotic Actigen, it was found that the microbiological indicators of MAFANM content in broiler turkey meat of Volodar LLC of the experimental group were 2.12 ± 0.25 × 103 and control groups 2.98 ± 1.07 × 103 according to the norms 1×106 CFU/g – fresh turkey, i.e., met the requirements of the current National Standard. It was found that the broiler turkeys' meat after using the prebiotic Actigen had a higher relative biological value – 100.0 %, compared with the control group of 95.0 % (P < 0.05). The number of Tetrahymena pyriformis cells grown on a nutrient medium with broiler turkey meat after three hours of incubation in the experimental group was 100.0 ± 5.3 – due only to motile cell forms. A similar trend remained after six hours of incubation. Infusoria had the shape of a regular shoe; they are mobile. Therefore, no adverse effect of samples of the meat of turkey broilers of Volodar LLC on the morphophysiological parameters of ciliates of Tetrahymena pyriformis was found, which indicates that the studied meat of the experimental groups is not toxic.

Технология и качество фитоконфет из ламинарии японской

The developed technology of producing phyto-candies from Japanese kelp provides the high organoleptic characteristics, nutritional and biological values of the products. The phyto-candy formulations contain 60% kelp, 14% honey, dried fruits (apricots, prunes, dates, mangoes). Preliminary kelp heat treatment, including threefold short-term kelp boiling sessions at 85-95 °C, provides a dense but not rigid kelp structure. Adding 2% of citric acid at the second boiling session helps to remove the pronounced taste and smell of algae. Under processing kelp slightly loses moisture. It has been found that fresh kelp contains 94.5% of water before treatment; after treatment the amount 
 of water in it is 90.6-91.3%. In pretreatment kelp slightly loses the mineral substances, the amount of which after processing makes 1.31%. Under heat treatment the amount of mannitol in luminaria decreases almost twice, nevertheless 7.74% of mannitol remains. Adding a citric acid to the boiling water during kelp processing causes the increase 
 of alginic acids in it. In the fresh kelp the alginic acid content was 27.44%, and after processing - 33.87%. The relative biological value of phyto-candies produced from Japanese kelp varies within 70.8-78.2% depending on the formulation. The maximum increase in Tetrahymena pyriformis infusoria and a higher relative biological value were observed in phyto-candies prepared according to the formulations including dried apricots and prunes. When storing phyto-sweets from Japanese kelp at 0-6 °C and humidity of 75% during 9 months, the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms did not exceed the maximum permissible norms and varied within 0.1 ∙ 101 CFU/g at the beginning of storage - 4.9 ∙ 104 CFU/g at the end of the storage period. Bacteria of the E. coli group, S. aureus, mold, or yeast were not detected.

High-Accuracy Relative Biological Effectiveness Values Following Low-Dose Thermal Neutron Exposures Support Bimodal Quality Factor Response with Neutron Energy.

Theoretical evaluations indicate the radiation weighting factor for thermal neutrons differs from the current International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommended value of 2.5, which has radiation protection implications for high-energy radiotherapy, inside spacecraft, on the lunar or Martian surface, and in nuclear reactor workplaces. We examined the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of DNA damage generated by thermal neutrons compared to gamma radiation. Whole blood was irradiated by 64 meV thermal neutrons from the National Research Universal reactor. DNA damage and erroneous DNA double-strand break repair was evaluated by dicentric chromosome assay (DCA) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay with low doses ranging 6–85 mGy. Linear dose responses were observed. Significant DNA aberration clustering was found indicative of high ionizing density radiation. When the dose contribution of both the 14N(n,p)14C and 1H(n,γ)2H capture reactions were considered, the DCA and the CBMN assays generated similar maximum RBE values of 11.3 ± 1.6 and 9.0 ± 1.1, respectively. Consequently, thermal neutron RBE is approximately four times higher than the current ICRP radiation weighting factor value of 2.5. This lends support to bimodal peaks in the quality factor for RBE neutron energy response, underlining the importance of radiological protection against thermal neutron exposures.

Methodological Approach to Designing Fermented Dairy Products with Optimal Biological Value.

The development of food products implies ensuring the optimal composition and ratio of the basic components, as well as their technological compatibility. A priori, the quality of raw materials, the optimal formula of the product and the efficiency of the technological process determine the quality of products, including biological value. The use of whole-cell sensors such as infusoria Tetrahymena pyriformis is most productive for screening biological studies. At present, for a comprehensive assessment there are no data on the use of simplest technology of fermented dairy products and the design of their biological value. The purpose of this research is to develop a methodology for creating whole-milk products of optimal biological value using the express method of biotesting. The research object was yogurt with the ratio of the mass fraction of fat and protein in the range of 0.36 ÷ 1.5, sucrose in the range of 5 ÷ 10%. An express method for determining the relative biological value of fermented dairy products using test organisms and an original methodology for creating whole-milk products of optimal biological value have been developed. A software has been developed to calculate formula of the product optimized for the following indicators: the relative biological value of the product, the cost of raw material and basic materials. The methodology is a tool to assist industry organizations in improving production technologies and quality management systems.

Human mesenchymal stromal cells maintain their stem cell traits after high-LET particle irradiation - Potential implications for particle radiotherapy and manned space missions.

The influence of high-linear energy transfer (LET) particle radiation on the functionalities of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the effects of proton (1H), helium (4He), carbon (12C) and oxygen (16O) ions on human bone marrow-MSCs. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis induction were examined by flow cytometry, and DNA damage was quantified using γH2AX immunofluorescence and Western blots. Relative biological effectiveness values of MSCs amounted to 1.0-1.1 for 1H, 1.7-2.3 for 4He, 2.9-3.4 for 12C and 2.6-3.3 for 16O. Particle radiation did not alter the MSCs' characteristic surface marker pattern, and MSCs maintained their multi-lineage differentiation capabilities. Apoptosis rates ranged low for all radiation modalities. At 24h after irradiation, particle radiation-induced ATM and CHK2 phosphorylation as well as γH2AX foci numbers returned to baseline levels. The resistance of human MSCs to high-LET irradiation suggests that MSCs remain functional after exposure to moderate doses of particle radiation as seen in normal tissues after particle radiotherapy or during manned space flights. In the future, in vivo models focusing on long-term consequences of particle irradiation on the bone marrow niche and MSCs are needed.

Ветеринарно-санитарная оценка качества и безопасности мяса кроликов при применении кормовой добавки «Абиотоник»

This article presents materials on the study of a multicomponent preparation based on vitamins, amino acids and trace elements «Abiotonic» when used in rabbit breeding. The results of organoleptic, physico-chemical, microbiological studies are displayed. The toxicity and relative biological value of rabbit meat after the application of the feed additive «Abiotonic» were studied. According to the results of the studies, the organoleptic parameters of rabbit meat of the control and experimental groups did not differ and characterized it as benign, meeting the requirements of GOST 20235.0–74 “Rabbit meat. Sampling methods. Organoleptic methods of quality assessment”. According to the results of microbiological studies, no pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora were found. The obtained results of organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological studies indicate that the use of the feed additive «Abiotonic» did not have a negative impact on the quality of rabbit meat. Animal meat is safe, non-toxic, has a high biological value and meets all the parameters regulated by regulatory documents in the Russian Federation.

Meat productivity of Belarus agricultural poultry in the prevention of mycotoxicoses with zeolite-containing feed additives

The article presents our research results of the influence of various additives-sorbents on the broiler chickens meat productivity. Currently, the fight against mycotoxins in feed and the syndrome of sudden broilers death at the final stage of fattening is an urgent problem. In the conditions of a poultry farm in the northern region of the Republic of Belarus an enriched zeolite-containing component based on tripoli was introduced into the broiler chickens mixed feed. At the end of the technological period of growing the cross "Ross-308" broiler chickens the comparative effect of feed additives "Vami-Lactulose" and "Kiskad" on their meat productivity was studied. It was found that the feed additives introduction had a positive effect on the absorption of feed nutrients and their assimilation by the poultry body as well as the blocking and elimination of toxic components. In the end, the energy of the consumed feed contributed to the formation of broiler chickens high meat qualities. In the production conditions an increase of the 1st grade carcasses yield in the experimental groups by 2.2-3.7% was recorded which had a positive effect on the poultry meat production efficiency. During the anatomical cutting of carcasses an increase in the meat indices of broilers of the experimental groups was recorded compared with the control including offal output of the category 1, slaughter output, the output of the gutted carcass, edible parts, muscles as a whole and individual muscle groups. There were no significant differences in organoleptic indices in the samples of poultry meat of the control and experimental groups. The relative biological value of meat obtained from experimental broiler chickens was higher in the pectoral muscles by 6.2-6.9 %, femoral - by 7.0-8.6% and liver - by 7.4-8.8 %. Based on the conducted production tests on the introduction of mycotoxicosis prevention in the agro-industrial complex with new zeolite-containing feed additives it was established that the feed additives "Vami-Lactulosa" and "Kiskad" developed by us contribute to the stimulation of broiler chickens meat productivity and the production of environmentally friendly food. Meat of the experimental groups poultry is of good quality and meets the requirements of international standards (GOST and STB).