Relationship Problems Research Articles

Brain alterations in adolescents with first-episode depression who have experienced adverse events: evidence from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Adverse life events constitute primary risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD), influencing brain function and structure. Adolescents, with their brains undergoing continuous development, are particularly susceptible to enduring impacts of adverse events. We investigated differences and correlations among childhood trauma, negative life events, and alterations of brain function in adolescents with first-episode MDD. The study included 23 patients with MDD and 19 healthy controls, aged 10-19 years. All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and were assessed using the beck depression inventory, childhood trauma questionnaire, and adolescent self-rating life events checklist. Compared with healthy controls, participants with first-episode MDD were more likely to have experienced emotional abuse, physical neglect, interpersonal relationship problems, and learning stress (all p' < 0.05). These adverse life events were significantly correlated with alterations in brain functions (all p < 0.05). This study contributes novel evidence on the underlying process between adverse life events, brain function, and depression, emphasizing the significant neurophysiological impact of environmental factors.

Cognitive–behavioural conjoint therapy versus prolonged exposure for PTSD in military service members and veterans: results and lessons from a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Background: Military personnel and veterans are at heightened risk for exposure to traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as intimate relationship problems associated with PTSD. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative efficacy of CBCT and PE in improving intimate relationship functioning in active duty military personnel or veterans and their intimate partners; both conditions were hypothesized to significantly improve PTSD. Method: In this study, 32 military service members or veterans with PTSD and their intimate partners were randomized to receive either Cognitive–Behavioral Conjoint Therapy for PTSD (n = 15; CBCT; [Monson, C. M., & Fredman, S. J. (2012). Cognitive-behavioral conjoint therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: Harnessing the healing power of relationships. Guilford]), a trauma-focused couple therapy, or Prolonged Exposure (n = 17; PE; [Foa, E. B., Hembree, E. A., Dancu, C. V., Peterson, A. L., Cigrang, J. A., & Riggs, D. S. (2008). Prolonged exposure treatment for combat-related stress disorders – provider’s treatment manual [unpublished]. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania]), a front-line evidence-based individual treatment for PTSD. Results: There were significant challenges with recruitment and a significant difference in dropout from treatment for the two therapies (65% for PE; 27% for CBCT). Treatment dropout was differentially related to pre-treatment relationship functioning; those with below average relationship functioning had higher dropout in PE compared with CBCT, whereas those with above average relationship functioning did not show differential dropout. In general, CBCT led to relational improvements, but this was not consistently found in PE. Clinician- and self-reported PTSD symptoms improved with both treatments. Conclusions: This study is the first to test a couple or family therapy against a well-established, front-line recommended treatment for PTSD, with expected superiority of CBCT over PE on relationship outcomes. Lessons learned in trial design, including considerations of equipoise, and the effects of differential dropout on trial analyses are discussed. This trial provides further support for the efficacy of CBCT in the treatment of PTSD and enhancement of intimate relationships.

Unravelling Causes and Mitigating Suicidal Tendencies in Male Educators in Zimbabwe's Rural Regions: A Comprehensive Analysis

This qualitative study aims to explore the underlying causes of suicidal tendencies among male educators in Zimbabwe's rural regions and identify the strengths of current interventions targeting this issue. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select 15 knowledgeable participants who possessed relevant experiences and expertise. The study employed focus group discussions to generate data, which was subsequently analysed using content thematic analysis. The research questions addressed in this study were two-fold: (1) What are the underlying causes, including work-related, psychosocial, and personal factors, that contribute to the emergence of suicidal tendencies among male educators in Zimbabwe's rural regions? (2) What are the strengths of the current interventions targeting suicidal tendencies among male educators in these regions? The analysis of the data revealed two key findings. Firstly, the study identified multiple causal factors contributing to the emergence of suicidal tendencies among male educators in Zimbabwe's rural regions. These factors encompassed work-related challenges such as heavy workload, insufficient resources, and inadequate support systems. Additionally, psychosocial factors such as stigma, social isolation, and emotional distress were identified. Personal factors like financial difficulties and relationship problems were also found to contribute to suicidal tendencies. Secondly, the study identified several strengths within the current interventions targeting suicidal tendencies among male educators in Zimbabwe's rural regions. Notably, the provision of mental health support services, including counselling and awareness campaigns, was found to be a valuable aspect of the existing interventions. Moreover, the study highlighted the significance of community involvement and collaboration between educational institutions, healthcare providers, and relevant stakeholders in addressing this critical issue. Based on the findings, two key recommendations emerge. Firstly, it is crucial to enhance the existing support systems for male educators in rural regions, focusing on addressing work-related challenges and providing adequate resources and support. This may include workload management strategies, professional development opportunities, and the establishment of comprehensive mental health support networks. Secondly, there is a need for increased awareness and de-stigmatization of mental health issues among male educators. This involves implementing targeted awareness campaigns to promote mental well-being, fostering a supportive and inclusive work environment, and encouraging open dialogue on mental health concerns.

Emotional and relational problems of adolescents with and without a migrant background in Europe: a systematic review.

Mental health of migrant adolescents is a topic that has been widely studied in the past decades. Emotional and behavioural problems are amongst the most explored areas; however, little attention has been paid to the relational sphere, which represents another key aspect of mental health and is paramount during adolescence. This systematic review analysed the available evidence on emotional and relational problems comparing adolescents with and without a migrant background in Europe between 2010 and 2021. The search was conducted in four databases using a common search strategy composed of terms addressing adolescence, migrant population, and emotional and relational problems. Three rounds of screening produced 36 eligible studies. Factors affecting both types of problems were identified and categorised using thematic synthesis, dividing them into factors affecting both types of problems jointly or separately and analysing them according to three systemic levels affecting the adolescents' lives (intrapersonal, interpersonal and external). Critical analysis of the results pointed to mixed findings, with a mild tendency in migrant-background adolescents to portray more emotional problems than their native peers and a stronger tendency for relational problems in the same direction. Several limitations were identified and, along with the conclusions, point to suggestions for future research focusing on studying relational problems as a key component of mental health and its link to emotional problems. Further suggestions entail designing studies that target adolescents with different migrant-background profiles and cultural origins to establish differences between them and identify additional factors affecting emotional and relational problems during the pre-migration and transit phases of the migratory journey to help prevent the onset of these problems.

The Use Of Couple Marriage Counseling Techniques

Problems in marital relationships often lead to disharmony in the household, which in turn can negatively affect family members, especially children. Therefore, marriage counseling services by a professional such as a counselor are important. The Couple Marriage Counseling technique aims to prevent and overcome problems in marital relationships. The qualitative method is an appropriate approach to explore the subject's experience and context in depth. This study aims to explore the history, understanding, purpose, benefits, techniques, and effectiveness of marriage counseling. The history of the use of this technique shows the evolution and adaptation of counseling practices, while a precise definition is needed for in-depth understanding. The changing objectives of marriage counseling with social and cultural changes also need to be explored, along with the benefits derived and specific techniques used in its implementation. Evaluation of the effectiveness of marital counseling is important to assess the success of this intervention in resolving marital problems and strengthening the bond between spouses. This research aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the practice of marital counseling as well as its relevance in the current societal context.

Predictors of sexual satisfaction among patients with chronic pain.

Sexual satisfaction is an important aspect of quality of life. Chronic pain, depression and anxiety, and relational problems correspond with higher risk for sexual difficulties. Less is known about how risk factors for sexual dysfunction and other problems-such as medical conditions, pain severity, and medication side effects-affect the sexual satisfaction of people with chronic pain. Using a biopsychosocial framework, this study explored factors related to sexual satisfaction among patients presenting for evaluation of chronic pain. Researchers used a hierarchical multiple regression analysis to model potential predictors of sexual satisfaction. Variables analyzed were demographic features, medical history, average pain severity, depressed mood, anxiety, and perceived significant other support. Data collection involved administration of retrospective questionnaires and chart review. The sample included male and female participants (N = 134) presenting for evaluation at a multidisciplinary pain rehabilitation clinic. Medical history (i.e., medical conditions, surgical history, and medications) and clinical self-report variables (i.e., pain severity, depressed mood, anxiety, and perceived significant other support) were associated with sexual satisfaction. In this sample, antidepressant use and higher pain severity were unique predictors of lower sexual satisfaction. Married marital status and higher levels of perceived significant other support were predictive of greater sexual satisfaction. Findings highlight the importance of understanding the unique impact of biopsychosocial variables on the sexual satisfaction of patients presenting for evaluation at a multidisciplinary pain rehabilitation clinic. Further exploration of protective factors that account for sexual satisfaction among individuals with chronic pain may help inform screening, referrals, and treatment.

Exploring the dynamics of physician-patient relationships: Factors affecting patient satisfaction and complaints.

This review identifes the factors influencing the relationship between physicians and patients that can lead to patients' dissatisfaction and medical complaints. Utilizing a systemic approach 92 studies were retrieved which included quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method studies. Through a thematic analysis of the literature, we identified three interrelated main themes that can influence the relationship between physicians and patients, patients' satisfaction, and the decision to file a medico-legal complaint. The main themes include patient and physician characteristics; the interpersonal relationship between physicians and patients; and the health care system and policies, with relevant subthemes. These themes are demonstrated in a descriptive model. The review suggests areas of focus for physicians who may wish to increase their awareness around the potential sources of relational problems with their patients. Identifying these issues may assist in improvements in the therapeutic relationship with patients, can reduce their medico-legal risk, and enhance the quality of their clinical practice. The findings can also be utilized to support andragogical principles for medical learners. The article can serve as a structured framework to identify potential problems and gaps to design and test effective interventions to mitigate these potential relational problems between physician-patient.

Different facets of addiction from a systemic perspective: a case report

IntroductionMany individuals who suffer from one or multiple substance use disorders often also struggle with another co-morbid psychiatric condition, primarily anxiety disorders. As substance dependency develops, the loss of self-control becomes a pivotal issue, leading to challenges in self-esteem and self-respect. These challenges subsequently give rise to problems in interpersonal communication and close relationships. In addition to the biological model of substance use problems and highly manualized approaches, it is crucial to have a systemic understanding of the patient’s situation and appropriate treatment settings. This understanding allows for the proper consideration of individual differences and requirements, ultimately enabling better treatment and prevention strategies.ObjectivesOur aim is to present a comprehensive case that shows various facets of addiction and introduce a systemic therapy concept of an integrative/systemic day clinic from Germany.MethodsThrough a detailed case presentation, we will introduce a systemic-psychotherapeutic day-clinic concept from a psychiatric training hospital in Wunstorf, Germany.ResultsCase: In the case of a 48-year-old female patient initially diagnosed with recurrent depressive disorder, it was later revealed that she also deals with alcohol addiction and its interconnectedness with sex addiction. Shame and a lack of self-esteem in relationships played a central role in her journey. She does not perceive herself to be loved but to be harmed, which led to many violent sexual acts that increased her feelings of shame. Systemic therapeutic approaches like family constellations were applied, helping her to experience her child-ego states. This profound insight propelled her willingness to change. She began prioritizing self-care, learning to like, accept, and eventually love herself. Aromatherapy aided in calming and maintaining focus. The patient learned to redefine her emotions, aligning them with reality, thereby enabling the adaptive fulfillment of her needs.Conclusions Our interdisciplinary team at the day clinic employs therapeutic approaches like dynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and systemic therapy to thoroughly understand the patients and their conditions. This case underscores the significance of an individually tailored treatment drawing from diverse therapeutic concepts, especially in patients with addiction. The combination of different therapeutic approaches facilitates a profound engagement with the patient, potentially resulting in more intensive therapeutic work and a higher rate of success which should be evaluated in future studies.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Development and Validation of a Simple Risk Calculator for Alcohol-Related Adverse Outcomes: Results from a Composite Scale Approach in a Nationally Representative Sample

AbstractWe tested how 5 simple variables, routinely collected in primary care (i.e., the 3 AUDIT-C items, age, and sex), could constitute a clinician-friendly risk calculator tool of the 3-year risk of several alcohol-related adverse outcomes (i.e., alcohol use disorder, withdrawal symptoms, occurrence of tremors or seizures, and alcohol related interpersonal relationship problems, legal problems, and psychological problems) among non-alcohol-dependent individuals consuming alcohol. Data were drawn from a nationally representative sample of US adults, the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (wave 1, 2001–2002; wave 2, 2004–2005). We used scaled and rounded composite scoring systems to combine information derived from these predictors and quantify the risks for each subject. Analyses were limited to 16,710 respondents without a lifetime history of alcohol use disorder who completed both interviews and had consumed alcohol during the year prior to wave 1 (development sample N = 8355, validation sample N = 8355). The risk equations calibrated well (Hosmer and Lemeshow test p values ≥ 0.072) and showed good predictive values (C indices ranging from 0.727 to 0.872) in the validation sample. This risk calculator can be clinically useful in primary care for identification of at-risk individuals, encourage respondents to reduce their drinking, and improve prevention.

The Effect of Depression on Smartphone Addiction: The Medicating Effects of Interpersonal Problem in Korean Adolescents

IntroductionProblematic smartphone use is twice as common among teenagers as it is among adults. Smartphone addiction is associated with anxiety, depression, attention deficit disorder, impulsivity, and sleep problems, among other issues.ObjectivesTo assess whether interpersonal relationship problems mediate the relationship between smartphone addiction and depression among adolescents (ages 12-17) currently enrolled in middle and high school.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 653 middle and high school students living in Wonju, South Korea between September 1 and November 30, 2019. Depression was measured by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). In order to evaluate smartphone addiction, the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Form Version (SAS-SV) was used. To examine interpersonal problems, the Korea Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex scale (KIIP-SC) was employed. We used the dplyr package to check for skew, kurtosis, and create density plots. Scatterplots and Pearson correlation analysis were used to examine the relationships between the main variables. For the mediation analysis, we used the 8 sub-scales of KIIP-SC (Domineering, Vindictive, Cold, Socially avoidant, Nonassertive, Exploitable, Overly Nurturant, Intrusive) as mediators and conducted a mediation analysis with 10,000 bootstrap samples using the lavaan package in R, version 4.2.2. Each analysis was evaluated based on a 95% confidence interval to determine significance.ResultsDepression, interpersonal problems, and smartphone addiction exhibited significant positive correlations with each other. The direct effect of smartphone addiction was found to be significant. The association between depression and smartphone addiction was mediated by the KIIP-HI (Nonassertive), the KIIP-JK (Exploitable) and the KIIP-NO (Intrusive).ConclusionsInterpersonal problems mediate the relationship between depression and smartphone addiction. Identifying the high-risk group is essential for treatment strategy development.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Peer Victimization, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, and Chronic Pain: A Longitudinal Examination

Chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS) co-occur at high rates in youth and are linked to worse pain outcomes and quality of life. While peer victimization has been posited as a mechanism underlying the PTSS-pain relationship in youth, empirical evidence suggests that it may exacerbate both PTSS and pain. The present study aimed to longitudinally examine PTSS as a mediator in the relationship between peer victimization at baseline and pain-related outcomes at 3 months in youth with chronic pain. Participants included 182 youth aged 10 to 18 years recruited from a tertiary-level children’s hospital in Western Canada. At baseline, participants completed measures to assess pain (intensity and interference), peer victimization (relational and overt), and PTSS. The pain was reassessed at a 3-month follow-up. Primary hypotheses were tested utilizing a series of mediation analyses with PTSS as a proposed mediator in the associations between peer victimization and pain outcomes. Youth PTSS mediated the relationship between higher baseline relational victimization and higher 3-month pain interference while controlling for baseline pain interference. Three-month pain intensity was not correlated with peer victimization; thus, pain intensity was not included in the analyses. These findings reveal that PTSS may be an underlying factor in the co-occurrence of peer victimization and chronic pain in youth. Further research is needed to better understand the role of peer victimization in the maintenance of chronic pain to ensure appropriate, effective, and timely interventions that address the social and mental health issues impacting the lives of these youth as well as their pain. PerspectivePTSS may be an underlying factor in the co-occurrence between peer victimization and chronic pain in youth, highlighting the need to assess for both peer relationship problems and PTSS in youth with chronic pain.

구비공식구로 본 &lt;새끼 서 발&gt; 설화의 인물 성격과 서사적 의미

This provides an in-depth analysis of the characters and narrative significance of the Korean folktale Saekki Seo-Bal(An Unfinished Short Straw Rope) focusing on the oral-formulaic phrases of characters “Eating a meal in the warmer part and pooping in the colder part in the same room.” This oral-formulaic phrase, “Eating a meal in the warmer part and pooping in the colder part in the same room,” is fixedly and regularly combined with the folktales Saekki Seo-Bal and Chamkkaenamu(Sesame Tree). Therefore, the characters in the two folktales were named “Saekki Seo-Bal” type characters.&#x0D; The oral-formulaic phrase which appears in the character of Saekki Seo-Bal, is an essential binding element of the introductory narrative structure, linking to the success narrative of the ending section. This oral-formulaic phrase is not a rhetorical expression representing the character’s lazy behavior but a metaphorical expression of the character's deliberation or plan ahead of his social initiation. In other words, it defines the protagonist as an active person with emergent thinking who prepares to become independent from his mother and move into the world rather than as a problematic person with a lazy personality. This study interprets the folktale Saekki Seo-Bal, which is combined with the oral-formulaic phrase “Eating a Meal in the Warmer Part and Pooping in the Colder Part in the Same Room” as an initiation tale depicting a son growing from an individual to a social being.&#x0D; The social initiation process of characters consists of three stages: the preparatory stage for initiation, the stage of accumulating experiences and growth, and finally, social approval. In the first stage, characters prepare for social initiation through acts of oral-formulaic phrases. They demonstrate qualities as beginners in society by engaging in activities with materials provided by the community, such as “twisting straw ropes” in Saekki Seo-Bal and “sowing seeds” in Chamkkaenamu. The second stage appears in the narrative where the protagonist acquires the maiden who will become his wife through continuous bartering, starting with the “Saekki Seo-Bal.” Therefore, the character accumulates experience in solving problems in relationships with various others and grows into a social being with experience narratives that can solve any problem. In the third stage, the character’s abilities are tested through a “riddle bet” while returning to the community with the maiden who will become his wife. He eventually protects his wife and gains the approval of the social community as a marriage ritual.

THE IMPACT OF PROFITABILITY AND LEVERAGE ON TAX AGGRESSIVENESS WITH INCOME SMOOTHING AS THE MEDIATOR

Information asymmetry and differences in interests between agents and principals are unavoidable problems in agency relationships. Agents with better information than other parties try to maximize their benefits by managing or manipulating reported accounting numbers. Profitability and leverage are common considerations for companies in carrying out income smoothing so that profits are stable and the company looks in good condition in the eyes of stakeholders. In addition, it is also related to the size of the corporate tax burden, so both can be factors that influence the level of corporate tax aggressiveness. This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect effects of profitability and leverage on tax aggressiveness and test the mediation of income smoothing on the effect of profitability and leverage on tax aggressiveness. The research sample was determined using a purposive sampling technique of 26 consumer non-cyclical sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2020. Data were analyzed using the WarpPLS 7.0 analysis tool. The results of this study show that profitability and leverage affect tax aggressiveness. However, income smoothing does not affect tax aggressiveness. Income smoothing could not mediate the effect of profitability and leverage on tax aggressiveness. There is no indirect effect between profitability and leverage on tax aggressiveness.

아동용 또래 거부민감성 단축형 척도의 타당화

This study aims to develop a short form of the Peer Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (PRSQ; Choi, 2023) and assess its psychometric properties. A sample of 463 children in the 5th and 6th grades from elementary schools participated in the study. Self-report data were collected using questionnaires on peer rejection sensitivity, in-secure friendship attachment, and peer relationship problems. Exploratory factor analyses yielded a short form of the PRSQ consisting of 17 items with four factors including re-jection expectation, anger/depression, interpretation bias, and anxiety/withdrawal. Correlation analyses demonstrated strong associations between scores of the original and the short forms. The short form of the PRSQ exhibited high internal consistency and split-half reliability. Furthermore, it displayed appropriate criterion-related validity, with substantial associations with the CRSQ. Children in the top 30 percent of insecure friend-ship attachment and peer relationship problems scored significantly and practically higher on peer rejection sensitivity than those in the bottom 30%, supporting the known-group validity of the short form. The short form of the PRSQ serves as a valuable instrument for measuring peer rejection sensitivity of school-age children within research and counsel-ing settings.

Assessment of Behavioral Disorders in Iranian Children with Functional Constipation

Background: Functional constipation (FC) is a common issue in pediatric healthcare, causing significant physical and emotional distress for patients and their families. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of behavioral issues in children diagnosed with functional constipation, exploring their characteristics and relationship with various factors. Methods: We conducted a case-control study involving 107 children and adolescents (aged 2 to 18 years) with chronic functional constipation as the case group and 107 children without this condition as the control group. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was employed to evaluate different aspects of behavioral patterns. Results: The comparison of various behavioral components assessed by the SDQ between the case and control groups revealed significantly higher average scores for emotional symptoms (0.85 ± 0.81 vs. 0.55 ± 1.03, P = 0.019), peer relationship problems (1.76 ± 2.23 vs. 0.76 ± 1.18, P = 0.001), and prosocial behavior (8.12 ± 1.87 vs. 7.42 ± 1.64, P = 0.002) in children with chronic functional constipation. Within the chronic constipation group, peer relationship issues were more common in boys, whereas girls exhibited more problems with prosocial behavior. Moreover, issues related to hyperactivity/inattention and prosocial behavior were more frequent in older children with chronic constipation. Conclusions: Chronic functional constipation in children is strongly associated with behavioral changes and problems, which are influenced by the demographic and anthropometric features of the patients.

Gender-specific pathways in mental health crisis in adolescents, from consultation to (in)voluntary admission: a retrospective study

BackgroundA strong increase in mental health emergency consultations and admissions in youths has been reported in recent years. Although empirical evidence is lacking, gender differences in risk of admission may have contributed to this increase. A clearer understanding of the relationship, if any, between gender and various aspects of (in)voluntary care would help in more evidence-based service planning.MethodsWe analysed registry data for 2008–2017 on 3770 outpatient emergencies involving young people aged 12 to 18 years from one urban area in the Netherlands, served by outreaching psychiatric emergency services. These adolescents were seen in multiple locations and received a psychosocial assessment including a questionnaire on the severity of their problems and living conditions. Our aims were to (a) investigate the different locations, previous use of mental health service, DSM classifications, severity items, living conditions and family characteristics involved and (b) identify which of these characteristics in particular contribute to an increased risk of admission.ResultsIn 3770 consultations (concerning 2670 individuals), more girls (58%) were seen than boys. Boys and girls presented mainly with relationship problems, followed by disruptive disorders and internalizing disorders. Diagnostic differences diminished in hospitalisation. More specifically, disruptive disorders were evenly distributed. Suicide risk was rated significantly higher in girls, danger to others significantly higher in boys. More girls than boys had recently been in mental health care prior to admission. Although boys and girls overall did not differ in the severity of their problems, female gender predicted admission more strongly. In both boys and girls severity of problems and lack of involvement of the family significantly predicted admission. Older age and danger to others significantly predicted admission among boys, whereas psychosis, suicidality and poor motivation for treatment predicted admission among girls.ConclusionThere are different pathways for youth admission, which can partly be explained by different psychiatric classifications as well as gender-specific differences with regard to age, suicide risk, danger to others and the influence of motivation for treatment. Finally, for both genders, family desire for hospitalisation is also an important predictor.

HAK-HAK PEREMPUAN PASCA PERCERAIAN DALAM PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN NEGARA MUSLIM (INDONESIA, MALAYSIA, MESIR, DAN TURKI)

ABSTRACT&#x0D; Divorce is a problem in the marriage relationship that is considered as the final way. Problems regarding divorce are enshrined in conventional fiqh regulations to laws in the Muslim world. Based on the normative study of Islamic law, one of the implications of divorce is the guarantee of the rights that must be fulfilled by the husband after divorce for the former wife and children in the marriage bond. These rights are nafkah iddah, nafkah mut'ah, nafkah nadliyah to hadhanah. For this reason, researchers are interested in studying the topic of women's rights after divorce based on the perspective of conventional fiqh and the laws on marriage that occur in Muslim countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Egypt and Turkey, using three analytical glasses. This research uses library research and descriptive analytical approach to examine and analyze phenomena based on literature. So that the results can be found that based on vertical analysis glasses can be known about the comparison between family law and the legislation of each Muslim country. Based on horizontal studies, it can be found that there are similarities between Indonesia and Malaysia, while in Egypt the divorce process must be registered with the knowledge of the wife, and Turkey provides advice on wishes before taking the divorce route. Based on the diagonal study, the four countries are solid and strong in carrying out in accordance with the regulations that have been determined.

Psychedelic-assisted therapy for people with gambling disorder?

Gambling disorder is a severe mental health and behavioural problem with harmful consequences, including financial, relationship and mental health problems. The present paper initiates discussion on the use of psychedelics combined with psychotherapeutic support as a potential treatment option for people living with a gambling disorder. Recent studies have shown promising results using psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) to treat anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and various substance use disorders. Considering the similarities in the underlying psychosocial and neurobiological mechanisms of gambling disorder and other addictive disorders, the authors suggest that psychedelic-assisted therapy could be effective in treating gambling disorder. The paper also underscores the need for further research into the viability and effectiveness of psychedelic-assisted therapy for gambling disorder.

Common Mental Disorder and Associated Factors among Women Attending Antenatal Care Follow-Up in North Wollo Public Health Facilities, Amhara Region, Northeast Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Common mental health disorders (CMD) during pregnancy are a public health concern because of the implications for the mother and infant's health during pregnancy and after birth. The prevalence and factors related to common mental disorders vary globally. Therefore, this study assessed the magnitude and factors associated with common mental disorder among pregnant women attending ANC follow-up in North Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in North Wollo, Amhara Region, Northeast Ethiopia. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 777 study participants. The common mental disorder was assessed by using SRQ-20. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Logistic regression analysis was done to identify the independent variables associated with common mental disorders. Independent variables with a p value less than 0.05 were considered significantly associated with CMD. The magnitude of CMD was 18.1% (95% CI: 15.5, 21.0). Factors significantly associated with CMD were the educational level of participants (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.48), husband's educational status (AOR = 11.13, 95%: 4.18, 29.66), unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.26, 5.09), self-reported complication on the current pregnancy (AOR = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.21), self-reported complication during the previous delivery (AOR = 3.38, 95% CI: 1.39, 8.18), undernutrition (AOR = 2.19, 95%: 1.26, 3.81), high psychosocial risk (AOR = 20.55, 95% CI: 9.69, 43.59), having a legal issue (AOR = 2.06, 95%: 1.12, 3.79), and relationship problem (AOR = 7.22, 95% CI: 3.59, 14.53). Conclusions and Recommendation. One in five pregnant women has common mental disorder. Educational status of the participants and their spouses, unplanned pregnancy, self-reported complication during current and previous pregnancy, psychosocial risk, and legal and relationship problems were the main determinants of common mental disorders. Therefore, screening pregnant women for mental disorders and provision of necessary mental health services are recommended to minimize the adverse health outcome of CMD during pregnancy.

Problems in peer relationships and low engagement in romantic relationships in preterm born adolescents: effects of maternal warmth in early childhood.

This study examined whether maternal warmth in early childhood moderates the association between preterm birth and problems in peer relationships and low engagement in romantic relationships in adolescence. We studied 9193 individuals from the Millennium Cohort Study in the United Kingdom, 99 (1.1%) of whom were born very preterm (VPT; < 32weeks of gestation) and 629 (6.8%) moderate-to-late preterm (MLPT; 32-36weeks gestation). Maternal warmth was reported by the mothers when their children were 3years old. Peer relationship problems were reported by both the participants and their mothers at 14 and 17years. Further, participants reported their engagement in romantic relationships at 14 and 17years. All outcome variables were z-standardized, and the moderation effect was examined via hierarchical linear regressions. Compared to full-term birth, both MLPT and VPT birth were associated with lower engagement in romantic relationships at 17years of age (b = .04, p = .02; b = .11, p = .02, respectively), and VPT birth was associated with increased peer relationship problems at 14 (b = .29, p = .01) and 17years of age (b = .22, p = .046). Maternal warmth in early childhood was similarly associated with lower peer relationship problems in MLPT, VPT and full-term born adolescents. However, there was no influence of maternal warmth on engagement in romantic relationships at 17years of age. There is no major modifying effect of maternal warmth in early childhood on the association between PT birth and peer relationship problems and low engagement in romantic relationships at 14 and 17years of ages.