Social Relations Research Articles

Efforts to Increase Learning Activity in History Subjects According to the Learning Styles of Class X-2 Students at SMA Negeri 3 Medan

This research was conducted because the learning activity of students in class X-2 of SMA Negeri 3 Medan in history subjects was very low. The aim of this research is to increase students' active efforts in learning history. This research was conducted in the odd semester of the 2024/2025 academic year. This research uses the Kemmis and Taggart model. Data collection techniques through student observation and questionnaires. The data processing technique in this research uses descriptive analysis with percentages. The indicators assessed in this research are problem solving, expressing opinions, cooperation and social relations, and discipline. The results of this research show an increase in student learning activity in class X-2 from pre-cycle, cycle I and a very good improvement in cycle II.

Effect of whole-process high-quality nursing on the quality of life of acute pancreatitis patients and the mechanism of miR-126-5p/HOXC8 axis promoting the progression of acute pancreatitis.

The current research was designed to investigate the impact of whole-process high-quality nursing on acute pancreatitis (AP) patients' quality of life as well as the mechanism of miR-126-5p/HOXC8 axis promoting AP progression. One hundred AP patients admitted to our hospital were chosen and separated into control group (CG, n=50) and study group (SG, n=50). The CG took the routine nursing, while the SG adopted the whole-process high-quality nursing. Besides, cerulein (CE) was treated in AR42J cells to establish an experimental model of AP. The proliferation, apoptosis along with inflammation of CE-treated AR42J cells were assessed. The outcomes manifested that in contrast to the CG, the recovery time of bowel sound, the improvement time of abdominal distension, the improvement time of abdominal pain, the exhaust time and the defecation time in the SG presented shorter, the anxiety and depression scores in the SG presented lower, the WHOQOL-100 scores of patients in the SG presented higher in the fields of physiology, psychology, environment and social relations, the total incidence of complications of the SG presented lower, and the total nursing satisfaction of the SG was better. Besides, miR-126-5p presented upregulation in CE-stimulated AR42J cells, and miR-126-5p inhibition increased the proliferation along with repressed the apoptosis and inflammation in CE-stimulated AR42J cells. Moreover, HOXC8 could be the target mRNA of miR-126-5p, and HOXC8 elevation promoted the proliferation along with repressed the apoptosis and inflammation in CE-stimulated AR42J cells. In addition, rescue assays further validated that HOXC8 silence offset the protective impact of miR-126-5p repression on AP cell damage. In conclusion, our study indicated that whole-process high-quality nursing could promote the quality of life of AP patients, and revealed that miR-126-5p inhibition relieved CE-stimulated AR42J cells injury caused by AP via targeting HOXC8. Our study might offer novel insights for AP treatment and nursing.

The significance of feeling needed and useful to family and friends for psychological well-being during adolescence.

Social relationships offer the opportunity to provide support and resources to others. Feeling needed and useful to others has been understudied during adolescence, despite being shown to predict health and well-being during adulthood. The current study examined this underappreciated way in which family and peer relationships may shape psychological well-being during adolescence. A cross-sectional sample of high school students across the United States completed an on-line questionnaire during school hours in the fall of 2020. The sample consisted of 1301 adolescents averaging 15.94 (SD = 1.24) years in age in the ninth through twelfth grades, with 48.4% identifying as female, 47.3% as male, and 3.2% reporting either other gender identities or preferring not to answer (1%). Participants identified as Hispanic or Latino (40.2%), European American (19.8%), African American (14.7%), Multiethnic (9.2%), Asian American (7%), Other Ethnicities (7.8%), and 1.3% did not report their ethnicity. Feeling needed and useful was predicted by both helping and receiving support from others, strongly predicted better psychological well-being, and mediated associations of helping and receiving support with well-being. Males reported feeling more needed by their family as compared to females, and both reported higher levels of being useful to their family than those with other gender identifications. Like adults, adolescents have a need to contribute and feel needed in their social worlds. Studies of close relationships should incorporate the ways in which youth provide resources and support to others in their lives as well as the sense of feeling needed and useful derived from those activities.

Mild hypothermia therapy alleviates neuronal damage and repairs cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through the SIRT1/AMPK pathway.

Cerebrovascular disease, one of the high-risk diseases worldwide, is high in morbidity, disability, mortality, and recurrence rates, which brings many harms to human beings such as physical and mental harm, economic losses, and impairment of social relations. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is one of the most common pathological manifestations, with mild hypothermia therapy being the most commonly used treatment in clinical practice. In this study, the research team established a CIRI animal model and found that the neuronal apoptosis rate was significantly increased, accompanied by significant ferroptosis, increased inflammation and oxidative stress damage in brain tissue, and obviously inhibited SIRT1/AMPK pathway. However, after mild hypothermia treatment, the pathological changes of CIRI rats were significantly reversed, and the SIRT1/AMPK pathway was reactivated. Therefore, mild hypothermia may achieve the purpose of CIRI repair by activating the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway, and targeted regulation of the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway may be a research direction for optimizing mild hypothermia therapy or developing new treatment plans for CIRI.

A survey on temporal knowledge graph embedding: Models and applications

Knowledge graph embedding (KGE), as a pivotal technology in artificial intelligence, plays a significant role in enhancing the logical reasoning and management efficiency of downstream tasks in knowledge graphs (KGs). It maps the intricate structure of a KG to a continuous vector space. Conventional KGE techniques primarily focus on representing static data within a KG. However, in the real world, facts frequently change over time, as exemplified by evolving social relationships and news events. The effective utilization of embedding technologies to represent KGs that integrate temporal data has gained significant scholarly interest. This paper comprehensively reviews the existing methods for learning KG representations that incorporate temporal data. It offers a highly intuitive perspective by categorizing temporal KGE (TKGE) methods into seven main classes based on dynamic evolution models and extensions of static KGE. The review covers various aspects of TKGE, including the background, problem definition, symbolic representation, training process, commonly used datasets, evaluation schemes, and relevant research. Furthermore, detailed descriptions of related embedding models are provided, followed by an introduction to typical downstream tasks in temporal KG scenarios. Finally, the paper concludes by summarizing the challenges faced in TKGE and outlining future research directions.

Are we allowed to win this time: new warrior culture in action and government betrayal in the American Rifleman 1975–2023

The emergence of New Warrior culture in the post-Vietnam era has largely been unexplored by sociology of culture. While recent research on the NRA has explored significant aspects of gun culture such as advertising, narratives, as well as ratings of gun empowerment etc., less work has investigated how the NRA facilitated changes not only in gun culture but in the “systems of social relations” between gun owners and the government but also in “systems of meaning” in how gun owners understand their guns. This paper argues that the NRA’s use of Native American warrior narratives, combined with other New Warrior narratives, maps onto Swidler’s unsettled time. Merging classic warrior narratives based in service to the nation alongside extensive use of Native American warriors, the NRA leveraged warrior narratives as a way of facilitating the transformation of warrior identity from one who defends the nation to one that is prepared to fight their government. In this way, the NRA was able to communicate antigovernment narratives without openly embracing the conspiratorial antigovernment ideals espoused by some factions of the militia movement by changing warrior cultural narratives from defending the nation to fighting against its government.

Chronotopes of Transnational Literacies: How Youth Live and Imagine Social Worlds in their Digital Media Practices

AbstractThis study explores the transnational literacies that contribute to creating online social connections among migrant youth that may support their development and navigation of life across countries. We examine how social connectedness is semiotically constructed through time–space framing among two youth of Chinese descent who were participants of a larger study of the digital media practices of young people in an urban high school. We build on the concept of chronotope (Bakhtin, 1981) and scholarship of transnational literacies to understand the space–time dimensions of digital literacy practices, specifically how youth create the spatiotemporal context or frame of reference for their actions and positionings with others across geographical distances. Using a case study approach with data from interviews and observations, we analyzed how the youth depicted their transnational social relations within particular time–space frames. Qualitative and discourse analyses of the youths' narrative accounts show that they positioned themselves in proximity with their transnational peers within particular time–space contexts that supported their actions and emotions, and how they made sense of events, issues, practices, and their own identities as transnational individuals. The youths' ideas of schooling and education, and attunement to nationalistic ideologies, were developed through multiple chronotopes in their social connections across countries. This study offers implications for how an attention to the transnational spatiotemporal frame of youths' discourse and narrative may give us a more nuanced understanding of the subjectivity, knowledge, and perspective they derive from their experiences of movement and connection across borders.

A new similarity in clustering through users' interest and social relationship

Clustering is a basic technology in data mining, and similarity measurement plays a crucial role in it. The existing clustering algorithms, especially those for social networks, pay more attention to users' properties while ignoring the global measurement across social relationships. In this paper, a new clustering algorithm is proposed, which not only considers the distance of users' properties but also considers users' social influence. Social influence can be further divided into mutual influence and self influence. With mutual influence, we can deal with users' interests and measure their similarities by introducing areas and activities, thus better weighing the influence between them in an indirect way. Separately, we formulate a new propagation model, PR-Threshold++, by merging the PageRank algorithm and Linear Threshold model, to model the self influence. Based on that, we design a novel similarity by exploiting users' distance, mutual influence, and self influence. Finally, we adjust K-medoids according to our similarity and use real-world datasets to evaluate their performance in intensive simulations.

Social cognition, psychosocial development and well-being in galactosemia

BackgroundClassic galactosemia is a rare inherited metabolic disease with long-term complications, particularly in the psychosocial domain. Patients report a lower quality of social life, difficulties in interactions and social relationships, and a lower mental health. We hypothesised that social cognition deficits could partially explain this psychological symptomatology. Eleven adults with galactosemia and 31 control adults participated in the study. We measured social cognition skills in cognitive and affective theory of Mind, and in basic and complex emotion recognition. We explored psychosocial development and mental well-being.ResultsWe found significant deficits on all 4 social cognition measures. Compared to controls, participants with galactosemia were impaired in the 2nd-order cognitive theory of mind, in affective theory of mind, and in basic and complex emotion recognition. Participants with galactosemia had a significant delay in their psychosexual development, but we found no delay in social development and no significant decrease in mental health.ConclusionSocial cognition processes seem impaired among our participants with galactosemia. We discuss the future path research may follow. More research is needed to replicate and strengthen these results and establish the links between psychosocial complications and deficits in social cognition.

The Relationship Between Teacher Collaboration and Instructional Practices, Instructional Climate, and Social Relations

There is growing consensus about the importance of teacher collaboration. Less clear are the mechanisms by which teacher collaboration can positively impact student achievement. We address this gap by examining two questions using panel data methods. First, does the degree to which teachers collaborate predict future growth in conditions relevant to student learning, including teachers’ instructional practice, instructional climate, and trust relations? Second, does growth over time in collaboration affect growth in these outcomes? We find evidence that both collaboration at baseline and its growth over time are positive predictors of change in teacher practice, instructional climate, and trust relations.

Сопоставительный анализ категории обращения в русском и японском языках (новая редакция)

This article undertakes a comparative analysis of address forms in the Russian and Japanese languages. As address constitutes a linguistic universality, numerous commonalities in speech functioning, syntactic peculiarities, as well as phonetic, morphological, and semantic developments of linguistic units used in vocative positions were discovered in Russian and Japanese. However, some significant differences were identified. For instance, address forms in Japanese, to a greater extent than in Russian, are associated with expressing social hierarchy relations. Consequently, Japanese speakers tend to avoid using address forms when communicating with unfamiliar people (whose social status is unclear). In familial interactions, juniors are addressed by their names, while elders are referred to using kinship terms. In business sphere, superiors are addressed by their titles, while inferiors are addressed by their surnames with added necessary politeness suffixes. In the Russian language, a wide range of figurative and metonymic means are employed as address forms, and their list is not limited. There even exist specific grammatical constructions characteristic of the vocative position. In the Japanese language, the freedom in employing vocative means, akin to Russian, is only present in poetic style. In colloquial Japanese, the utilization of figurative and metonymic means is restricted.

Unraveling gender disparities in arbitrators' social networks: differential effects of centrality and tie strength on career outcomes among independent contractors

PurposeThe prevalence of independent contractors in the US workforce is growing. This research examines the social environment and career outcomes of labor and employment arbitrators, a unique profession of high-skilled and high-status independent contractors who play a significant role in facilitating organizational justice. Previous research has focused on the employment relationships that independent contractors have with hiring organizations and the characteristics of individuals who become independent contractors; however, little attention has been given to how relational factors influence the career outcomes of high-skilled independent contractors or how such influences differ by gender. Building upon theories of social networks and unequal network returns (UNR), our study investigates the informal social relationships among arbitrators, the association between interpersonal relationship patterns and arbitrators’ career success, and how these associations vary based on gender.Design/methodology/approachA social network survey is used to collect the social networks, attitudes and fee information of 407 labor and employment arbitrators working in North America. A multi-level regression analysis was used to examine the proposed relationships among social networks, gender and career outcomes of the arbitrators.FindingsWe discovered that occupying a central position within advice networks is positively associated with occupational satisfaction. On the other hand, having strong ties is associated with achieving high employment arbitration fees. Notably, we found that the advantages of strong ties for arbitration fees are comparatively weak for female arbitrators relative to their male counterparts.Originality/valueThis research examines the relationship between social networks and career outcomes for independent contractors in the unique context of arbitrators. It further highlights inequalities experienced by female arbitrators in a male-dominated profession where their social networks offer fewer rewards relative to their male counterparts.

Social relationship factors, depressive symptoms, and incident dementia: a prospective cohort study into their interrelatedness.

Different aspects of social relationships (e.g., social network size or loneliness) have been associated with dementia risk, while their overlap and potentially underlying pathways remain largely unexplored. This study therefore aimed to (1) discriminate between different facets of social relationships by means of factor analysis, (2) examine their associations with dementia risk, and (3) assess mediation by depressive symptoms. Thirty-six items from questionnaires on social relationships administered in Wave 2 (2004/2005) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (n = 7536) were used for exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Factors were then used as predictors in Cox proportional hazard models with dementia until Wave 9 as outcome, adjusted for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors. Structural equation modeling tested mediation by depressive symptoms through effect decomposition. Factor analyses identified six social factors. Across a median follow-up time of 11.8 years (IQR = 5.9-13.9 years), 501 people developed dementia. Higher factor scores for frequency and quality of contact with children (HR = 0.88; p = 0.021) and more frequent social activity engagement (HR = 0.84; p < 0.001) were associated with lower dementia risk. Likewise, higher factor scores for loneliness (HR = 1.13; p = 0.011) and negative experiences of social support (HR = 1.10; p = 0.047) were associated with higher dementia risk. Mediation analyses showed a significant partial effect mediation by depressive symptoms for all four factors. Additional analyses provided little evidence for reverse causation. Frequency and quality of social contacts, social activity engagement, and feelings of loneliness are associated with dementia risk and might be suitable targets for dementia prevention programs, partly by lowering depressive symptoms.

The role of previous experience in the analysis of the psychological contract and its outcomes during the socialization process: a signalling theory perspective

Psychological contract theory has largely neglected the role of previous experience. In this study, we examine how previous work experience influences outcomes of communication with organizational insiders during organizational socialization among healthcare staff. We develop a model based on signalling theory, within which information acquisition during socialization is associated with psychological contract fulfilment, which is in turn is related to better health, happiness, and social relationships. Moderated mediation analysis based on data collected at entry and three months later confirms indirect effects between three types of information acquisition and three employee outcomes via the mediating role of psychological contract fulfilment. Importantly, these indirect effects are present only for inexperienced newcomers. Our findings build on signalling theory and add to knowledge about how the psychological contract forms during early socialization. They also suggest that organizations should pay particular attention to inducting inexperienced newcomers.

Unsupervised discovery of family specific vocal usage in the Mongolian gerbil.

In nature, animal vocalizations can provide crucial information about identity, including kinship and hierarchy. However, lab-based vocal behavior is typically studied during brief interactions between animals with no prior social relationship, and under environmental conditions with limited ethological relevance. Here, we address this gap by establishing long-term acoustic recordings from Mongolian gerbil families, a core social group that uses an array of sonic and ultrasonic vocalizations. Three separate gerbil families were transferred to an enlarged environment and continuous 20-day audio recordings were obtained. Using a variational autoencoder (VAE) to quantify 583,237 vocalizations, we show that gerbils exhibit a more elaborate vocal repertoire than has been previously reported and that vocal repertoire usage differs significantly by family. By performing gaussian mixture model clustering on the VAE latent space, we show that families preferentially use characteristic sets of vocal clusters and that these usage preferences remain stable over weeks. Furthermore, gerbils displayed family-specific transitions between vocal clusters. Since gerbils live naturally as extended families in complex underground burrows that are adjacent to other families, these results suggest the presence of a vocal dialect which could be exploited by animals to represent kinship. These findings position the Mongolian gerbil as a compelling animal model to study the neural basis of vocal communication and demonstrates the potential for using unsupervised machine learning with uninterrupted acoustic recordings to gain insights into naturalistic animal behavior.

The hidden costs of informal caregiving: a concept analysis

Background“The hidden costs of informal caregiving” is an interdisciplinary concept. While caregivers make a significant contribution to the process of caregiving, they sacrifice their leisure time, and incur risks of dropping out of the job, impaired mental and physical health, and decreased well-being within the context of caregiving. Those invisible sacrifices are often overlooked and described as hidden costs of informal caregiving. However, the conceptualisation of hidden costs of informal caregiving has not yet been clarified and scientifically assessed. The research aimed to clarify the concept of hidden costs of informal caregiving and develop an operational definition.MethodsWalker and Avant’s concept analysis was conducted. Databases of CBM, CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Econlit, CINAHL and ProQuest were searched with the term “hidden costs of informal caregiving”. Information about the uses of the concept, defining attributes, model cases, antecedents, consequences and empirical referents of hidden costs of informal caregiving was extracted and synthesized.ResultsA total of 25 articles were included. The six defining attributes of hidden costs of informal caregiving were identified as including “undertaken by informal caregivers”, “the time costs of caregiving”, “costs of career development” “physical well-being costs”, “mental well-being costs” and “social relationship costs”. Personal characteristics of the caregivers and care recipients, along with caregiving attributes, were among the antecedents. The consequences of hidden costs of informal caregiving resulted in negative influences which included poor quality of life, life-altering decisions, options for the type of care, some degree of economic hardship, decreased compliance with treatment plans and monetary value informal caregivers are willing to pay to be replaced.ConclusionThis concept analysis decisively illuminated the hitherto nebulous concept and expanded the contents of hidden costs of informal caregiving, which will foster a deeper appreciation of the invisible cost of caregivers. Moreover, it will provide a reference for the study of the hidden costs of informal caregiving in future, contribute to the development of assessment tools and theoretical models of hidden costs of informal caregiving, and create a basis for designing an evidence-based care program.

Interactions between neural representations of the social and spatial environment.

Even in our highly interconnected modern world, geographic factors play an important role in human social connections. Similarly, social relationships influence how and where we travel, and how we think about our spatial world. Here, we review the growing body of neuroscience research that is revealing multiple interactions between social and spatial processes in both humans and non-human animals. We review research on the cognitive and neural representation of spatial and social information, and highlight recent findings suggesting that underlying mechanisms might be common to both. We discuss how spatial factors can influence social behaviour, and how social concepts modify representations of space. In so doing, this review elucidates not only how neural representations of social and spatial information interact but also similarities in how the brain represents and operates on analogous information about its social and spatial surroundings.This article is part of the theme issue 'The spatial-social interface: a theoretical and empirical integration'.

THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON SOCIAL INTERACTIONS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WITH FAMILY &amp; SOCIAL CIRCLE

The current study aimed to investigate the effects of social media on social interactions among university students in KP with family and social circle. The objectives include, to examine the new pattern of social media for social relationship, association of gender communication pattern with family and social circle with respect to social interactions by using the survey research design. A sample of 900 students (270 male &amp; 630 female) were selected over stratified sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect the primary data. The descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The study concluded that majority of the male students frequently communicate with friend whereas female students sometime communicate with friends. Majority of male and female students frequently communicate with classmate. The majority of male and female students communicate with peers and never communicate with classmate. Majority of male and female students sometime communicate with religious scholar. Therefore, the study concluded that both male and female frequently interact through the social media with family and social circle but still physical interactions exist with in family.

Legal integrity of public authorities

This article is devoted to the study of the state of management activity of public authorities in Ukraine, as well as to the disclosure of such a social and legal phenomenon as the term “integrity of public authorities”, providing its legal definition, and revealing its meaning. It was noted that the first steps on the way to fundamentally reforming the old system of public power with the support of our European allies, starting in 2014, were carried out in Ukraine through the initiation of relevant reforms, of which 18 are key reforms. In order to implement the aforementioned, appropriate amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine and relevant laws were drafted. Thus, the movement towards the specified goal, the implementation of the aforementioned reforms by the public authorities of Ukraine depends entirely on its capacity, integrity, primarily in the field of law, in the spheres of lawmaking and law application, i.e. ensuring the supremacy of law over state arbitrariness. The article reveals the concept of “integrity” as a psychological factor, which is based on the tendency to be organized, responsible and hardworking, and also notes its connection with the law, and the legal category “legal integrity”, which is closely related to professional ethics. Related to legal integrity is legal ethics, which plays a certain role and importance of moral principles in the sphere of justice and law enforcement, as well as in other human activities related to law. Attention is focused on the fact that the analysis of the state of implementation of the planned reforms by the public authorities of Ukraine indicates a very slow progress in the fulfillment of the corresponding obligations regarding democratic transformations in the state, since a certain part of them have not been implemented so far. At the same time, new challenges have appeared during the wartime period, the implementation of which largely depends on the “legal integrity of the public authorities”, which, in turn, can affect the speed of military aid to Ukraine from our allies. First of all, this concerns the need to complete the planned reforms. It is emphasized that one of the negative dynamics, which is surprisingly important for Ukraine, is the slowing down of reforms in the security and defense sector. This is one of the most important public administration reforms, the purpose of which is to strengthen the quality of security sector management (SSC) by means of effective and efficient security provision under conditions of democratic supervision and control. In parallel with it, the reform of the defense industry should be carried out. One of the reasons for the mentioned shortcomings is the absence of a state personnel policy, which leads to the occurrence of grave consequences for national security, to the occurrence of acts of corruption, theft of state funds, and state treason. It was established that the confirmation of the above is only a fragmentary involvement of public authorities of civil society in the normative regulation of public life, regarding the regulation of social relations in the relevant spheres of life, as well as the involvement of citizens in the development and adoption of management decisions, which does not correspond to the provisions of Article 25 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Evidence of ignoring the rights and interests of citizens on the part of the public authorities is the legislative, regulatory “deterioration” of the pension legislation in 2018 regarding persons released from military service, which was performed without involving citizens in the discussion; the veteran movement of the security and defense sector was split by the authorities. A significant shortcoming of the functioning of public authorities is that in their activities they often do not perceive the modern European democratic principle of orienting authorities to the fulfillment of social requests of society regarding its further development, but instead act on the contrary – offer and lobby their personal vision of directions for the further development of society, which often does not coincide with society’s aspirations and leads to the emergence of social conflicts. And therefore, only in the case of sharpening attention to emerging social problems, in compliance with the obligations assumed to adhere to European democratic principles, the public authorities have the opportunity to jointly solve existing problems with civil society, thereby consolidating society and increasing the efficiency of public administration.

The transition from children to young people living with home mechanical ventilation

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to examine how young people living with Home Mechanical Ventilation experience the transition from childhood to young adulthood in relation to everyday life, perceived health and transition into adult professional healthcare. Methods Nine young adults (three females and six males aged 18–31) were interviewed, and data was primary analysed using phenomenological hermeneutics. In the actual study, data was reworked using secondary analysis as described by Beck. Two interviewees were ventilated invasively and six non-invasively, and one was treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Results The results are presented in two main categories. First; moving towards adulthood; and second, To handle changes in health and healthcare contacts. The study highlights the importance of ongoing social relations and being part of a socializing and physically active community. The transfer from paediatric to adult healthcare was solid and worked out well but was a process in which the participants struggled to find their own voice. Conclusions The transition into adulthood is a sensitive and challenging time for young people with HMV, but stable, close relationships and a well-organized transfer can enable this group to feel safe and able to find and use their own voice.