Relation Of Cause Research Articles

Learning Outcomes: Safety Education for Comprehensive School Pupils

This paper investigates the learning outcomes of comprehensive school pupils in the context of safety based on a quantitative research design. We considered learning and safety competence here as a combination of knowledge, skills and attitudes. We collected the data using two questionnaires, TUKO I (n=375) and TUKO II (n=272). Teachers and the third sector (NGO´s, non-governmental organizations) external experts carried out safety lessons and drills in four comprehensive schools in between two data collection periods.The results of this study show that about one third of the pupils had the good to excellent level of safety knowledge. A novel finding of this study is that during the intervention, the primary school pupils developed their safety attitude whereas the secondary school pupils improved their safety skills. Based on this pilot study, we can conclude that experiential learning and safety drills in schools might have an effect especially on safety attitudes and skills. However, there is a need for more research to understand the relations of cause and effect.

A New Model for the Impact of Knowledge Management on University Performance: Empirical Study Based on Student Opinions

The research topic addressed in this study concern the application of knowledge management systems (KMSs) in higher education institutions. While, in the first part of this work, a theoretical model of KMS was proposed, in this second part an empirical study is conducted to test this model. The proposed model has three main elements: inputs (different types of knowledge), process (the four functions: acquire, capitalise, disseminate and use) and outputs (the three performance perspectives: customer satisfaction, operational excellence and direction of the product). On the basis of a functional analysis we propose hypotheses, which allow us to study the relations of cause and effect between knowledge management (KM) and the performance of the university. The model is tested by surveys to be carried out in some Algerian universities by the students. After, a complete analysis (descriptive, exploratory (EFA), confirmatory (CFA), correlation, regression and finally SEM) of the data obtained by the completed questionnaires, the results permit to provide empirical evidence for some of the proposed hypotheses and confirm that KM has a positive effect on performance. A high intensity of KM activities has a significant positive influence, directly or indirectly, on university performance. The results of this empirical study indicate that policies encouraging (1) interactions between different actors, and (2) student participation in decision-making for the development of new programs/courses would increase student satisfaction and ensure pedagogical, management and openness excellence that ultimately contribute to performance of the university. Furthermore, KM must be programmed as part of the holistic management process of the university, and the activities of KM should therefore be managed in the same way as other university processes.

Organized derivatives market and economical growth: Relationship and impact

Derivatives have become common instruments for a wide range of users, including financial institutions, companies that manage assets, corporations, hedge funds. These instruments allow for speculative, arbitrage and hedging operations, which defines them as useful instruments to stimulate the growth of the efficiency of financial markets and the real economy. In this article based on 21 macroeconomic and financial indexes of the USA by test of Granger’s relation of cause and effect have been investigated influences of the exchange market of derivatives on indicators of economic growth of the USA. In this article is used a large amount of statistical data of time series and variables of macroeconomic and financial indices. The results of a research have confirmed positive correlation and causality of indicators of economic growth from use of exchange derivatives in real economy. It is received for the studied period of 2000-2015 proofs that the exchange market of derivatives of the USA positively influences the economic. The results obtained during the study can be used to substantiate the necessary measures aimed on the development of the derivatives market in Ukraine.

A proposed accounting framework to activate the role of the Federal Board of Supreme Audit in evaluating the universities performance

The objective of the research is to provide a mechanism that helps improve the performance of the Federal Board of Supreme Audit (FBSA) in evaluating the university performance by developing an accounting framework based on the balanced Scorecard. This framework has been validated by the questionnaire prepared by the Authors for this purpose. The sample of the study consisted of the auditors of the staff of the FBSA that specialists in the Iraqi universities performance evaluation during the year 2018. The flexibility of the balanced Scorecard structure has helped to design it in line with the university performance appraisal standards adopted by the staff of the FBSA. We found that there is a positive correlation between the four balanced Scorecard perspectives, which are hierarchically designed with a stakeholder perspective on the top, and are associated with a relationship of cause and effect with the other three perspectives (internal processes, learning, and growth, financial). The study also found that there is a positive significant effect on the use of the Balanced Scorecard, which is designed to enhance the effectiveness of the auditors of the FBSA in evaluating the university performance. The Authors suggest that further studies should be carried out for various samples of this framework, in order to reinforce the idea of using it to enhance university performance evaluation As well as to strengthen the performance of auditors in the FBSA of Iraq.

Processes of import substitution in the market of meat and dairy products in the context of economic policy

In article the complex assessment of modern policy of import substitution in the sphere of the agrofood market based on balance of its positive and negative effects is given. According to Rosstat and the Federal Customs Service the complex dynamic analysis of the meat and dairy markets in the context of key indicators — the price, import, export is carried out. Relationships of cause and effect of change of a condition of the food market in connection with introduction of economic sanctions are revealed. The conclusion that the policy of import substitution has to consider the potential risks and threats connected as with the possible accompanying growth of the food prices and deterioration of the food status of the least provided groups of the population, and with technical and technological dependence of domestic agricultural production on a foreign market is drawn. The main directions in which programs of support and stimulation are necessary are formulated.

Явление единой причинности кластерно-дипольной природы наблюдаемости области гидрофизических возмущений от подводного движущегося объекта лучом лазера и сигналом РЛС

Relationships of cause and effect which are the cornerstone of the phenomenon of observability of area of hydrophysical indignations from an underwater moving object, including its exit to a sea surface when lighting the area in the thickness of water by a laser beam and radiation of the sea surface over an object with a radar station signal are described in the article. In the stationary marine environment the laser beam creates a backscattering signal of a fixed level. In the area of hydrodynamic indignations from an underwater moving object the signal of a backscattering of variable brightness to the relevant structure and level of indignations is seen. The similar phenomenon of a backscattering of the electromagnetic radiation of radar station that creates glare effects on the screen of radar station in a zone of an exit of hydrodynamic indignations is observed on a water surface. It is shown that these phenomenons have similar nature caused by the change of dimensional orientation of dipoles of molecules and liquid crystals clusters of water in the field of the hydrodynamic indignations accompanying the moving of an underwater object. Establishing of this characteristic, in case of its confirmation by test data, meets the requirements of qualification of opening.

The disorders of physical development of children residing in the conditions of low-level contamination of the atmospheric air and drinking water by metals (lead, manganese, nickel, chrome, cadmium) on the example of the Perm region

There was executed a clinical laboratory study of 183 children residing in the conditions of constant low-level impact of a complex of such consumed from atmospheric air and drinking water metals as lead, manganese, nickel, chrome, cadmium) and 46 children residing in the conditions of sanitary-hygienically wellbeing of the habitat. The evaluation of Total Hazard Indices (THI) for conditions of chemical substances entering with atmospheric air and drinking water have revealed the excess of accepted values (THI>1) regarding to disorders of the central nervous system in children (THI amounted for up to 4.93) and disorders ofendocrine system (up to THI of 1.13). The results of chemical-analytical researches showed the blood content of lead, manganese, nickel, chrome, cadmium in children living in conditions of low-dose complex load to exceed the reference level by 1.3-2.2 times. In persistent multi-medium polymetallic load the number of children having physical development disorders was found to increase up to 1.2-1.6 times (body weight deficiency - up to 16.5%). There is determined a verified direct probabilistic relationship of cause and effect ofphysical development disorders in children with high blood content of manganese, nickel, and chrome. Exceeding content of lead, manganese, nickel, and chrome (1.3-9.4 times higher than the reference level and the comparative group) in bio-media of children makes a negative impact on the central and autonomous nervous system, creates disorders in protein-synthetic processes in liver, form early shifts of hypothalamo-hypophyseal regulation with further deterioration of physical development indices.

PHENOMICS. ETIOLOGY OF HUMAN ORGANISM FUNCTIONAL STATES UNDER THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

The article based on the analysis and synthesis of scientific works regarding the theory of adaptation offers the detailed description of the development of functional responses of the human organism under the impact of environmental factors. Three types of responses are considered: nonspecific reaction of human organism, specific response of the human organism and response of the human organism to specificity of a factor. The article is focused on form for the rationale for specific response of the human organism. It is due to the fact that in scientific literature in the capacity of such response it is often assumed the response of the human organism to specificity of an operating environmental factor. Development of responses is shown on the basis of a phenome - phenotypical model of the human organism. The model is described by norms of the response of the main systems of human organism and the scheme of an orientation of interaction of these systems among themselves. On its basis the logic of a pathogenesis of noninfectious diseases is considered. The development of both nonspecific, and specific responses of the human organism including responses to the specificity of a factor is show to occur according to the universal stereotypic scheme presented in the article. The purpose and the result of this work is the development of the common theory of adaptation of human organism to the impact of environmental factors. Knowledge of mechanisms of the development of changes of the functional condition of systems of the human organism in response to the risk factor opens a way to the creation of the mathematical model of the process of the prediction of functional violations promoting the development of noninfectious diseases and other adverse deviations from the state of health. Monitoring of the functional condition of human organism and knowledge of relationships of cause and effect of the functional changes will allow doctors, trainers and teachers to avoid the negative consequences in their practical activities

Determination of the smoothing ability of the vibration mixer on the basis of the correlation analysis

Now the increasing popularity is received by food semi-finished products from the bulk materials. With increase in volume of their production it is expedient to mix powdery materials in the mixers of continuous action. For the set working hours of the mixers of continuous action the movement of material in the device is considered to be casual stationary processes between which there is relationship of cause and effect. Key indicators for her assessment is the correlation coefficient, population mean and dispersion. Communication between entering and going out of the device signals is established by means of the equations of material balance, describing expenses of streams of bulk stochastic stationary functions X (t). Further, finding probabilistic characteristics of the entering and leaving signals, it is possible to judge "quality" of operation of the mixer or to select the required topology of streams in the hardware environment by comparison of the relations of their dispersions or mean square deviations. In this work the scheme of the movement of material streams in the mixer developed by us realizing a method of "consecutive dilution" is considered. By means of the system of the equations of the material balance displaying process of the movement of material in the mixers of continuous action of vibration type influence of recirculation on the smoothing properties of the device is considered. Values of size of the smoothing ability of S from recirculation coefficient ? and quantities of rounds of n are given. It is revealed that increase in the smoothing ability leads to increase of quantity of rounds, and respectively and dimensions of the mixers of continuous action of vibration type, therefore, it is expedient to use the mixer with quantity of rounds equal 6 and coefficient of recirculation equal 0.7 as at the same time the smoothing ability equal is enough 1753 for receiving qualitative ready mix at a ratio of components 1:50. By means of the correlation analysis it is possible to predict uniformity of a material stream at the device exit at the known values of the time spent in him of material, coefficients of recirculation and dispersion of an entrance signal.

Features of forecasting process in modern digital society

Proceeding from a variety of decision-making approaches in the project management sphere, the authors have made a hypothesis that Foresight is the most perfect and effective technology of forecasting the future in modern realities. The following tasks have been set to prove the fidelity of this judgment: to analyze Foresight concept regarding application of this method, to allocate and describe the main stages of Foresight development and to establish regularity and the reasons of bifurcation of this method based on these stages, to prove the need of Foresight application in the modern world especially in the project management sphere. The authors have established two opposite approaches to perception of a complex of actions during the research, which make Foresight so necessary for project management: present-future and future-present. The deep analysis of historical development of Foresight has allowed establishing relationship of cause and effect of this phenomenon. The assessment of compatibility of methods of Foresight in a percentage ratio for successful implementation of the project was carried out on the basis of scientists’ researches. Also, studying of this problem has shown that qualification and creativity are the main criteria for evaluation of efficiency when it comes to use of the whole complex of Foresight methods. This approach allows to optimize and rationalize project activities and to increase the general indicators of efficiency.

Asthma, obesity and targeted interventions: an update.

Obese asthma is now widely recognized as a phenotype of difficult asthma that is common and less responsive to traditional asthma treatments, so identifying specific treatments is increasingly important. Obesity can lead to asthma through a complex relationship of causes including mechanical, inflammatory, metabolic and genetic factors. Exercise programmes including pulmonary rehabilitation, weight loss via dietary restriction, exercise and bariatric surgery, or combinations of all of these can improve quality of life, symptoms, and exercise capacity, with reductions in medication use and exacerbations, and represent tailored treatment for this phenotype of severe difficult to treat asthmatic patients. Exercise programmes and pulmonary rehabilitation, weight loss programmes targeting 5-10% weight loss and bariatric surgery are effective treatments for the obese asthma phenotype.

Strategic Leadership Competencies and its Impact on Achieving Organizational Excellence via the Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment: A Case Study in National Center for Security and Crisis Management (NCSCM)

This study aimed at revealing the reality of the implementation of strategic leadership, in addition to test the relationship of cause and effect between strategic leadership and organizational excellence through the intermediate role of organizational commitment. The National Center for Security and Crisis Management was chosen as a targeted population of the current study; as an organization that has a big responsibility for practicing strategic leadership which is closely related to the workers of the Center. The study followed the analytical descriptive method by reviewing the theoretical literature and previous studies related to the current study variables.The questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting data from the members of the study population in the center which consisted of 160 members.The questionnaire consisted of (25) items for measuring strategic leadership, (27) items for measuring organizational excellence, and (9) items for measuring the organizational commitment, and the validity and reliability were verified. Arithmetical averages, standard deviations, simple regression coefficient, and multiple regression coefficients were used to test the hypotheses of the study and answer its questions. The results of the study showed a high level of strategic leadership as well as organizational excellence and organizational commitment. There was a significant impact of strategic leadership and organizational commitment on organizational excellence at the significance level of (α ≤ 0.05), and a significant impact of the intermediate factor at the significance level of (α ≤ 0.05). One of the main recommendations of the study for the National Center for Security and Crisis Management was "to identify future opportunities based on information from various sources".

The Problem of Causality in Object-Oriented Ontology

Abstract Object-oriented ontologists understand relations of cause and effect to be sensory or aesthetic in nature, not involving direct interaction between objects. Four major arguments are used to defend an indirect view of causation: 1) that there are analogies between perception and causation, 2) that the indirect view can account for cases of causation which a direct view cannot, 3) an Occasionalist argument that direct interaction would make causation impossible, and 4) that the view simply fits better with object-oriented ontology’s own premises. However, each argument is fallacious or otherwise unconvincing. The first affirms the consequent. The second fails because the relevant cases can easily be accounted for with a direct view. The third makes false assumptions about the relation between parts and wholes. And the fourth can also be used to argue against object-oriented ontology. Many of these problems can be traced to the methodological aspects of object-oriented ontology and might be avoided by emphasizing the role of non-argumentative justification in metaphysics.

ПРИЙМЕННИК ДѢЛӔ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ МОВІ XVI-XVII СТОЛІТЬ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ГРАМАТИКИ ТА СЕМАНТИКИ

The article analyzes the grammar point, which deals with question of functioning of the prepositions in the Ukrainian language from the XVI–XVIІ centuries, including works explored by L. Zyzanii, M. Smotrytskyi. Although these reviewed works do not contain any information about preposition дѣлӕ at that time, I. Uzhevych’s grammar fixes its variant длӕ. Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian language of the XIV–XV centuries indicates that the language unit дѣлӕ used as a preposition that expresses relations of purpose in postposition to noun and relations of cause in front position regarding the noun. Dictionary of the Ukrainian language of the XVI – first half of XVII century presents wider semantic structure of the preposition дѣлѧ (дѣля, дилѧ, диле, дѣли): purpose, cause and object relations. Also the article presents the specifics of functioning of the derivative preposition дѣлӕ, describes its paradigmatic relation-ships. The research based on the materials of Lviv Stauropegion Brotherhood documents dated the XVI–XVIІ centuries. It is examined a semantic structure, shown the compatibility of investigated preposition with the genitive case. We found that the largest part of preposition constructions with genitive case expressing the aim of action. Apart from that, there is one more specific feature: this linguistic unit could use before noun and after it, while the most of prepositions stand in front of the noun or pronoun. Preposition дѣлӕ has not broad semantic relationships: with the genitive case it expresses only two types of semantic relations (we submit it to the frequency of use): purpose and cause. In comparison with functioning of the preposition длӕ investigated preposition had narrow semantic structure and less extensive coverage in the texts of Lviv Stauropegion Brotherhood documents. In fact, we observe the process of functional extinction of the preposition дѣлӕ. Although it belonged to a very ancient language units, it archaized and did not use in the contemporary Ukrainian language.

Thrombosis and Hemostasis in Cancer. Scope of the Problem and Overview.

"The frequent concurrence of phlegmasia alba dolens with an appreciable cancerous tumor, led me to the inquiry whether a relationship of cause and effect did not exist between the two, and whether the phlegmasia was not the consequence of the cancerous cachexia." (translated from the original French). This famous quote, delivered in a lecture by Armand Trousseau in 1865, is widely recognized as the initial and insightful understanding of the relationship of thrombosis and cancer.Although the association of thrombosis with cancer has been recognized for over 150 years, only recently has there been meaningful advances in our understanding of the relationship. Contemporary translational research tools have greatly enhanced our understanding the unique aspects of the pathophysiology of the relationship; how cancer cells exploit multiple aspects of the coagulation system for primary and metastatic growth leading, leading to an increased thrombotic risk. Further, there has been a growing appreciation of the complexity of the treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis. The superiority of low molecular weight heparin over warfarin, published in 2003, represented the first important divergence from the approach to management of thrombosis in the non-cancer population. With the introduction of the new generation of anticoagulants, the direct oral anticoagulants, there has been continued evolution of management guidelines.This text presents a much needed and comprehensive update of the field of thrombosis and hemostasis in cancer. We are fortunate to have so many leading authorities contribute their expertise and insight into this work. In the following chapters, the reader will find insight and guidance that will enhance scholarship, as well as patient care.

THE TRANSFORMATIONS OF SLOPE SLIDE LANDSCAPES OF GREAT CAUCASUS: POSSIBILITIES OF DISCOVERING OF MAIN FACTORS

The Southeast extremity of the Great Caucasus which are entering into limits of Azerbaijan is characterized by high dynamism of exogenic relief forming processes, making essential impact on development of a landscape situation. Thereupon there is a necessity of working out of various methods for construction of scenarios of possible changes of a geo ecological situation in the various hills having fatal consequences, by revealing of relationships of cause and effect. With that end in view, in this work possibilities of forecasting of landslips in natural area of the Great Caucasus with use available various data and also visual supervision have been analysed.

НАУЧНОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ И ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ СИСТЕМЫ ОКАЗАНИЯ ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКОЙ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ ДЕТСКОМУ НАСЕЛЕНИЮ В УСЛОВИЯХ ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧНОГО РЕГИОНА

Subject. Complex studying and assessment of influence of potential is carried out risk factors on a secondary dentition of children in the conditions of particular territorial community and also are developed and introduced preventive and improving actions. Work purpose: studying of features of a secondary dentition of children in specific conditions of the habitat for the purpose of development of the priority directions of prophylaxis of violations of health of children and perfecting of methods of rendering the children's stomatologic help. Methodology. Studying of process of a secondary dentition at children of 4,5-11 years of Vladivostok is carried out. The beginning of eruption considered the perforation moment tooth of an alveolar gingiva with exposure of one hillock or cutting edge. Potential risk factors of the period of pregnancy of mother and childbirth, risk factors of the early childhood, social and economic, features of a way of life are studied. By means of the component konfirmatorny analysis identification of relationships of cause and effect in system habitat factors ‒ a secondary dentition is carried out. Results. The early secondary dentition at children is revealed. Signs of sexual dimorphism of an index of a tooth maturity are established. The greatest impact on a secondary dentition is exerted a factor of a delivery of children, by features of a way of life of boys and girls and also a delivery of their mothers during pregnancy. Conclusions. Materials of a research formed the basis of the developed regional standards of a secondary dentition which were introduced in work of the children's stomatologic organizations. The system of preventive actions providing accounting of regional features of a condition of the habitat, living conditions, deliveries is developed and also solves a number of practical problems of perfecting of the principles of medical observation and improvement of children.

Managing Dynamically Changing Traffic Flows

The brief analysis of publications in the field of transport development, the organization and management of urban passenger traffic in the conditions of constantly changing passenger traffics is carried out. The efficiency of using logistic methods is proved by optimization of public passenger transport of the megalopolis. The factors influencing regularity of passenger traffics formation and their dynamic spatial distribution taking into account the main communications between passenger formed points and service providers are revealed. For improvement of traffic flows management the relevance of development of new mathematical models and methods considering relationship of cause and effect between the input and output parameters is established. Methods of solving large-size problems in the conditions of difficult criterion function are considered. Advantages and the prospects of meta-heuristic methods application – genetic algorithms – are shown at the solution of the transport tasks characteristic of unstable streams.For solving the objective using a set of genes is proposed which elements represent a chromosome with a certain set of decisions. Restrictions are formulated and operators of casual changes for a work of genetic algorithm are defined. The algorithm allowing to define and range the key input parameters influencing process of providing transport services and to receive parameters for the output correlation analysis is obtained.

A competitividade entre destinos na era digital: Uma análise do potencial das mídias sociais no incremento da atratividade turística do destino Portugal

As ferramentas baseadas nas mídias digitais se tornaram indispensáveis na promoção turística e nesse cenário em que a competitividade é um imperativo, a Web e as redes sociais são os novos espaços de disputa entre os destinos. Neste trabalho se discute o papel das mídias digitais, em especial as redes sociais, na competitividade dos destinos por meio de uma apreciação das estratégias de promoção de Portugal. É também discutida a mudança provocada pelas redes sociais na maneira de pensar o marketing dos destinos. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, foram confrontados os resultados do destino Portugal com as ações nas redes sociais realizadas no período de 2011 a 2016. Buscou-se uma correspondência entre estratégias com base nas redes sociais e a competitividade. Foi possível afirmar a importância das redes sociais para o marketing de destinos, contudo sem respaldo para confirmar que sejam decisivas para a competitividade ou que haja uma relação explícita de causa e efeito.

Correlation and Path analysis for yield components in Dura oil palm germplasm

The purpose of this study was to evaluate linear correlations and their direct and indirect effects on the characters of production for oil palm germplasm. It were evaluated 34 accessions of the Germplasm of Oil Palm from Embrapa considering 37 variables among vegetative characters, bunch yield and bunch components. Data were collected, fortnightly, during consecutive eight years, from fourth to tenth year after planting. It was estimated the matrix of phenotypic and genotypic correlations, and its decomposition into direct and indirect effects through path coefficient analysis. Results showed that Total Bunch Weight at young (PTCFJ) and adult (PTCFA) phase, even as number of bunches at adult phase (NCFA), total bunch weight (PTC), bunch weight (Pcacho), bunch peduncle (PPED), fruit to bunch ratio (RFC), pulp to fruit ratio (RPF), oil percentage in wet pulp (POP), and laboratory oil extraction rate (TEL) had positive and significant correlation (p ≤ 0,05) with oil production per plant at adult phase (POFA): 0.55, 0.72, 0.35, 0,72, 0.49, 0.49, 0.37, 0.53, 0.34 and 0.69, respectively. As expected, there was a negative correlation (p ≤ 0.05) between POFA and the variables almond to fruit ratio (PerAM) (-0.47) and endocarp to fruit ratio (PEF) (-0.45). The path coefficient analysis showed that despite high positive and significant correlations between POFA and many variables evaluated, for few of these correlations was verified a relationship of cause and effect. Variables with significant correlations, and with high direct effect on POFA were NCFA (0,13 direct effect), PTCFA (0,53 direct effect), RFC (0,11 direct effect), RPF (0,10 direct effect), PEF (-011), POP (0,13 direct effect) and TEL (0,35). The variables with higher direct and/or indirect effect to increase the fresh fruit bunch production were PTCFJ and PTCFA. The latter is the most important variable for use in breeding programs and evaluation of the oil palm as it has positive and significant correlations and direct and/or indirect effect in the correlation value for the increase for both bunches production as well as oil palm production.