Relations Theory Research Articles

The CNN effect in Indonesia: re-arguing the relevance of communication theories in international relations

The CNN effect in Indonesia: re-arguing the relevance of communication theories in international relations

EXAMINING POWERS THROUGH SURYANI’S REPRESENTATION AGAINST SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN WREGAS BHANUTEJA’S PHOTOCOPIER

This study examines the representation of woman against sexual violence in Photocopier, an Indonesian film directed by Wregas Bhanuteja. In film, women as sexual violence victims are often misrepresented through stereotyping as the helpless victims who need men’s help to deal with the situation or showing extreme violence against their perpetrators to exact revenge. If not stereotyped, women as sexual violence victims also tend to be fetishized as their victimized body often sexualized for erotic pleasures. In its protagonist, Sur, Photocopier took different approach by representing the victim as a woman with powers to fight against the sexual violence she experienced. This study focuses in examining how Sur exerts her powers and how those powers impacted the sexual violence case that she experienced. The study is conducted qualitatively using content analysis method which examines the visual aspects as well as dialogues from the film and applying Amy Allen’s theory of feminist power relation. The analysis identifies that Suryani possesses and exercises all three types of feminist power posed by Allen, which are “power-to,” “power-over,” and “power-with,” as a sexual violence victim. The study reveals that while the film tries to represent Sur as a powerful woman, she is also adjacently represented as a stereotypical powerless sexual violence victim who is helpless to fight against her perpetrators even after exercising all her powers both personally and collectively. However, such stereotypical representation may be necessary to show the reality of sexual violence victims and as a form of criticism against the mishandling of sexual violence case.

TO EAT, OR NOT TO EAT? A PSYCHOANALYTIC VIEW ON THE FOOD‐PARENT

Research shows eating disorders increase the mortality rate: anorexia nervosa has the highest mortality rate and yet an accurate morbidity rate of bulimia nervosa remains hidden. However, research on the endopsychic structural dynamics that perpetuate in patients with eating disorders is scant. This essay depicts the use of Fairbairn's theory of endopsychic personality structure in understanding anorexia nervosa, binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa. Fairbairn, of the independent group of British object relations theorists, provides a picture of the endopsychic structure based on the conscious and unconscious psychodynamics between partial ego/part‐object dyads. Using three case histories, the following pages illustrate the incessantly present endopsychic permutations of the aforementioned dynamics and the possibility of the entrapment in one of these or swinging from one to the other in eating disorders. The essay also shows that early traumatic experiences are present in the case history of individuals with any one of these eating disorders and despite their manifested behavioural differences, they result from the widening of fissures in the universal split in the psyche due to emotional and/or physical abuse. Finally, using Fairbairn's theory, the analysis in the essay explains the comorbidity of certain eating disorders and borderline personality structure.

Color Transfer for Images: A Survey

High-quality image generation is an important topic in digital visualization. As a sub-topic of the research, color transfer is to produce a high-quality image with ideal color scheme learned from the reference one. In this article, we investigate the mainstream methods of color transfer to provide a survey that introduces the related theories and frameworks. Such methods can be divided into three categories: statistical color transfer, semantic-based color transfer, and color transfer for special target. For these mainstream technical routes, we discuss the related research background, technical details, and representative methods. We also exhibit some new trends of the topic according to recent progress. Based on the comparisons, we discuss the unsolved issues of color transfer and potential solutions in future work.

Towards a resentment-driven model of intergroup conflict: using the incel phenomenon to conceptualize resentment as the driving factor for ideologically motivated extremism

ABSTRACT This article outlines a new model for the initiation of intergroup conflict, in which resentment is theorized as the motivating factor. This model – drawing from existing theories in social psychology and international relations – describes the process by which members of a group become willing to engage in violent conflict with a target group, beginning with feelings of resentment arising from a perceived experience of victimization. The model is then applied to the involuntary celibate (incel) ideology and the trend of mass shootings perpetrated by incels, with two case studies.

Developing Training Courses about Spiritual Leadership in Higher Education in Thailand: Critical Review

Purpose: Spiritual leadership launched into a significant topic in higher education globally; Thailand also desires to make positive social change sustainably in the World, the national higher education system is friendly identifying to a kind of leadership with spiritual growth, positive transformation, sustainability; however, the spiritual leadership is such one the higher education institutions in Thailand would like to search. Method: The study was a critical review; in literature searching, there were keywords such as spiritual leadership, higher education, curriculum, and Thailand. Then, the researcher synthesizes the pieces of literature to develop the critical reviews under compared analysis (diverse perspectives, advantages, and disadvantages); however, all documental resources were searched from qualified engines, such as Google Scholar, Research Gate, and online libraries. Results: The critical review found concepts of spiritual leadership with different perspectives in religion, business and higher education; then, the critical review also briefly introduced higher education in Thailand and why its higher education needs spiritual leadership and related training courses; however, the critical review disclosed the six types of training curriculums in developing spiritual leadership and general advantages and disadvantages in the training courses; finally, the researcher provided potential implications according to the major findings in the literature review, it may contribute practical suggestions to develop spiritual leadership in higher education in Thailand. Regarding the above necessary for developing spiritual leadership in higher education in Thailand, the researcher aimed to conduct a critical review, to fiful related theories in spiritual leadership concepts, what types of curriculums can assist spiritual leadership, what advantages and disadvantages in the curriculums, and why spiritual leadership suitably develop in Thailand. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study disclosed spiritual leadership there were different perspectives on its concepts; however, spiritual leadership in higher education refined as leadership encourages personal growth, positive transformation, and sustainability for individuals; then, the study found six types of training curriculums suitable for developing spiritual leadership in higher education in Thailand; according to Thailand's details in higher education and major findings, the researcher suggested potential implications to higher education institutions in Thailand for developing spiritual leadership, such as organizing the six curriculums into students.

Representation in International Relations, Impeachment of the President of Georgia, and European Integration

Abstract The 2017–2018 constitutional reform amended the Constitution of Georgia and changed the political system of the country. The president has the responsibility to represent the country in international relations, but only with the approval of the government. Constitutional norms are not specific, leaving room for different interpretations. Article 78 of the Constitution obliges constitutional bodies to use all measures for European integration. Under this constitutional obligation, the president met with European colleagues, though without governmental approval. This provoked the ruling party to initiate the process of impeachment. The Constitutional Court of Georgia concluded that the president breached the Constitution, but the parliament could not impeach the president. The paper analyses the role of presidential representation in international relations and its constitutional responsibility in the light of Georgia’s European aspirations.

Classification of artificial intelligence tools for civil engineering under the notion of complex fuzzy rough Frank aggregation operators

In recent days researchers have tried to handle the maximum information and use those techniques and methods in which there is no chance of data loss or loss of information is minimum. The structure like fuzzy set and complex fussy set cannot discuss the upper and lower approximations. Moreover, we can observe that a fuzzy rough set cannot discuss the second dimension and in this case, there is a chance of data loss. To cover all these issues in previous ideas, the notion of a complex fuzzy rough set in Cartesian form is the demand of the day because this structure can discuss the second dimension as well as upper and lower approximations. For this purpose, in this manuscript, we have developed the theory of complex fuzzy relation and complex fuzzy rough set in Cartesian form. Moreover, we have initiated the fundamental laws for complex fuzzy rough numbers based on Frank t-norm and t-conorm. The fundamental tools that can convert the overall input into a single output are called aggregation operators (AOs). So based on the characteristics of AOs, we have defined the notion of complex fuzzy rough Frank average and complex fuzzy rough Frank geometric AOs. The utilization of the developed theory is necessary to show the importance and validity of the delivered approach. So based on developed notions, we have defined an algorithm for this purpose along with an illustrative example. We have utilized the introduced structure for the classification of AI tools for civil engineering. Moreover, the comparative analysis of the delivered approach shows the advancement of the introduced structure as compared to existing notions.

On the Necessity to Transform the BRICS Trade Union Forum

The article is devoted to topical issues of improving the activities of the BRICS Trade Union Forum, which is especially important from the point of view of expanding this international organization and the need to optimize supranational social partnership in terms of deepening the trend of international regionalization. The existing problems of the trade union movement at the BRICS level are generated by the presence of various models of employee representation in labor relations in the BRICS countries and the absence of an international legal act on the principles of organization and functioning of trade unions in the BRICS countries. The solution to the problems is seen in the need to transform the format of the BRICS Trade Union Forum, its name, as well as to develop common approaches to the trade union movement, which, of course, will contribute to optimizing the legal regulation of the protection of workers’ labor rights in the BRICS countries.

Gender Development and Transgender Expressions through Loewald’s Eyes

Relational theorists have long recognized Hans Loewald as an important ancestor whose insights continue to yield value to current psychoanalytic issues. This paper locates Loewald in the historical context of psychoanalysis with particular attention to the Relational school and goes further in finding his predictive theorizing in the context of gender studies and gender transition. In detail, I discuss two core theoretical Loewaldian insights—ego and temporality—and apply them to both gender and sexuality, using clinical vignettes to highlight their value in practice.

The Politics of State Recognition: Norms, Geopolitics, and the East Pakistan Crisis

Abstract In recent years, International Relations theorists have observed a resurgence in geopolitical rivalry, much of which is coalescing around cases of contested statehood. Yet, while there is a considerable volume of work on state recognition, the field would benefit from incorporating alternate approaches to geopolitics. A common approach entails treating geopolitical interests as independent variables for comparison against other factors. However, in prioritizing the comparison of variables, such work tells us less about how particular geopolitical interests arise in connection to cases of contested statehood. This paper therefore instead proposes a discursive approach to geopolitical interests. Following this approach, theorists will be able to treat grand strategies in a similar manner to the way the recognition scholarship already treats norms—as ideas that shape the dynamics of recognition but seldom point directly to specific recognition stances. By enabling theorists to account for the role of choice, contingency, and contestation in mediating grand strategies, this approach yields more comprehensive explanations of geopolitical interest and state recognition. In advancing its discursive approach to geopolitics and state recognition, this paper engages and extends recent constructivist work on grand strategy. The paper then illustrates the approach using the example of US policy toward the 1971 East Pakistan Crisis.

Atomic Signaling: Exploring Likelihood of Success and Military Necessity through the Bargaining Model of War

Did the decision to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II meet the military necessity and likelihood of success criteria of the Just War Theory? Many scholars and ethicists have argued that they did not. We examine the decision through the rationalist models of war preferred by international relations theorists. We introduce a simple version of the bargaining model of war and tease out its essential differences with the models of war (and, therefore, military necessity) used by most Just War Theorists. Then, we reconstruct the decision to drop the bomb on Japan, focusing especially on information states, preference sets, and operational realities, to show that, if the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki does not meet military necessity and likelihood of success criteria, no other kind of military activity can.

A Realist Perspective of the Iraq War after 9/11

The theory of relation is based on power politics. It gives importance to power and is related to achieving peace through power. Morgenthau believes the realism perspective is based upon a human's intrinsic nature. Thomas Hobbes in 'reductionisms as purpose' claim that inherently humans are bad. Power optimization is driving political realism and the balance of power maintains it. It is supposed that in the global system, the conflict between states is characterized by anarchy. In essence, human nature is anarchic, due to that everyone is in competition. In this study, the researchers attempt to throw light on different features of realism. It is discussed that the international system is more or less anarchical, as there is undisclosed competition every time. It is delineated that leaders are mainly involved in power politics After 9/11, George W. Bush, in order to gain power without consulting other countries chose to go for the Iraq War.

O micie rozliczalności wyborczej

The article presents scientific research on certain assumptions concerning electoral accountability and provides conceptual insights. The central hypothesis is to demonstrate the illusory nature of accountability for the exercise of power once the electoral process comes to an end. An analysis is made of the character and epistemic value of electoral accountability as a myth – a creation structuring an image of political reality. The research is supported by empirical evidence from contemporary social studies. The purpose of the article is to show that the concepts of representation and accountability in political relations are mythical constructs; such an insight allows us to better understand the false expectations those constructions lead to. The study takes an international approach and contributes to worldwide deliberations on political representation.

Optimization of high-speed fixed-wing UAV penetration strategy based on deep reinforcement learning

The penetration decision of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is one of the key components for UAVs to detect or strike crucial targets in adversarial environments. Presently, most methods lack research on penetration decisions under unknown interception information. The executing UAV for decision-making is generally a simplified three-degree-of-freedom model. The decision format is often simplified to path point optimization, lacking control over the stability of complex model attitudes and exhibiting relatively poor robustness. This paper proposes a penetration relative motion theory and aircraft control method based on the six-degrees-of-freedom UAV model to reduce response errors between algorithm control decisions and actual flight control. Using a Markov decision process, a UAV penetration decision control method based on an attitude-overload control loop is designed. This method combines reinforcement learning techniques to enable autonomous penetration decision-making and control for UAVs facing active defense scenarios, enhancing the autonomy, accuracy, and generalization of UAV online decision-making. The paper concludes by implementing autonomous decision-making and control for UAV penetration through the integration of interceptor trajectory prediction with proximal policy optimization. This method reduces the dependency of penetration strategies on interceptor information, ensuring both the generalization ability of penetration strategy models under uncertain information and the consistency of decision stability. Through simulations and experiments, we verified that the penetration strategy based on the pre-sampling PPO method improves the penetration effect by 15.44 % on average and the hit rate by 18.48 %. Moreover, the probability of penetration in different scenarios exceeds 70 %, and the penetration effect is improved by more than 10 % in the case of multiple interceptors. This paper also analyzes the impact of interceptor spatial distribution and the quantity of interceptors on the effectiveness of UAV penetration decision-making.

Predicting COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake Using a Small and Interpretable Set of Judgment and Demographic Variables: Cross-Sectional Cognitive Science Study.

Despite COVID-19 vaccine mandates, many chose to forgo vaccination, raising questions about the psychology underlying how judgment affects these choices. Research shows that reward and aversion judgments are important for vaccination choice; however, no studies have integrated such cognitive science with machine learning to predict COVID-19 vaccine uptake. This study aims to determine the predictive power of a small but interpretable set of judgment variables using 3 machine learning algorithms to predict COVID-19 vaccine uptake and interpret what profile of judgment variables was important for prediction. We surveyed 3476 adults across the United States in December 2021. Participants answered demographic, COVID-19 vaccine uptake (ie, whether participants were fully vaccinated), and COVID-19 precaution questions. Participants also completed a picture-rating task using images from the International Affective Picture System. Images were rated on a Likert-type scale to calibrate the degree of liking and disliking. Ratings were computationally modeled using relative preference theory to produce a set of graphs for each participant (minimum R2>0.8). In total, 15 judgment features were extracted from these graphs, 2 being analogous to risk and loss aversion from behavioral economics. These judgment variables, along with demographics, were compared between those who were fully vaccinated and those who were not. In total, 3 machine learning approaches (random forest, balanced random forest [BRF], and logistic regression) were used to test how well judgment, demographic, and COVID-19 precaution variables predicted vaccine uptake. Mediation and moderation were implemented to assess statistical mechanisms underlying successful prediction. Age, income, marital status, employment status, ethnicity, educational level, and sex differed by vaccine uptake (Wilcoxon rank sum and chi-square P<.001). Most judgment variables also differed by vaccine uptake (Wilcoxon rank sum P<.05). A similar area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was achieved by the 3 machine learning frameworks, although random forest and logistic regression produced specificities between 30% and 38% (vs 74.2% for BRF), indicating a lower performance in predicting unvaccinated participants. BRF achieved high precision (87.8%) and AUROC (79%) with moderate to high accuracy (70.8%) and balanced recall (69.6%) and specificity (74.2%). It should be noted that, for BRF, the negative predictive value was <50% despite good specificity. For BRF and random forest, 63% to 75% of the feature importance came from the 15 judgment variables. Furthermore, age, income, and educational level mediated relationships between judgment variables and vaccine uptake. The findings demonstrate the underlying importance of judgment variables for vaccine choice and uptake, suggesting that vaccine education and messaging might target varying judgment profiles to improve uptake. These methods could also be used to aid vaccine rollouts and health care preparedness by providing location-specific details (eg, identifying areas that may experience low vaccination and high hospitalization).

Applying Relational Turbulence Theory to Parent-Child Political Conversations: The Role of (Dis)agreement About Christian Nationalism

ABSTRACT Christian nationalism, or the belief that America should be governed as a Christian country, is an influential yet fractious political philosophy. This investigation applied relational turbulence theory to understand how (dis)agreement about Christian nationalism may shape parent-child political conversations. A sample of 452 participants completed measures assessing (a) relational turbulence theory variables and (b) their and (c) their parents’ endorsement of Christian nationalism. The study’s results indicated that participants are particularly vexed when they reject Christian nationalism but their parents do not, which is associated with less frequent and more negative political conversations, as well as heightened relationship uncertainty and relational turbulence.

Construction of MXene/Bi2WO6 Schottky Junction for Highly Efficient Piezocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Unraveling Mechanism.

For the first time, a series of MXene (Ti3C2Tx)/Bi2WO6 Schottky junction piezocatalysts were constructed, and the piezocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity was explored. Optimal Ti3C2Tx/Bi2WO6 exhibits the highest piezocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 764.4 μmol g-1 h-1, which is nearly 8 times higher than that of pure Ti3C2Tx and twice as high as that of Bi2WO6. This value also surpasses that of most recently reported typical piezocatalysts. Moreover, related experimental results and density functional theory calculations reveal that Ti3C2Tx/Bi2WO6 can provide unique channels for efficient electron transfer, enhance piezoelectric properties, optimize the adsorption Gibbs free energy of water, reduce activation energy for hydrogen atoms, endow robust separation capacity of charge carrier, and restrict the electron-hole recombination rate, thus significantly promoting the efficiency of hydrogen evolution reaction. Ultimately, we have unraveled an innovative piezocatalytic mechanism. This work broadens the scope of MXene materials in a sustainable energy piezocatalysis application.

Double Hopf bifurcation analysis of time delay coupled active control system

In this paper, the stability analysis of double Hopf bifurcation is carried out based on the time delay coupled active control system by using the related theory of bifurcation analysis. We got the stability switching region of the system with respect to time delay. The time delay and coupling strength are selected as the bifurcation parameters, then the normal form of the coupled time delay active control system is obtained by using the multi-scale method, and the dynamic behavior near the bifurcation point is obtained. So the parameter region of the stable periodic solution and the stable quasi-periodic solution are obtained. The analytical solution of the system is then solved by using the multi-frequency homotopy analysis method (MFHAM) to verify the existence of the unstable periodic solution. Finally, numerical simulation is executed to verify the theoretical results.

Testing relational turbulence theory in daily life using dynamic structural equation modeling

Abstract Using dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM; Asparouhov et al., 2018), this study tests how partner disruptions of daily routines create a chaotic relational state through intensified emotions directed at partners, as posited by relational turbulence theory (RTT; Solomon et al., 2016). To test this affective process, individuals in dating relationships (N = 130) completed daily surveys for 30 days (T = 30; 3,478 total observations), measuring that day’s interference from their partner, anger experienced while interacting with their partner, and their relational turbulence. DSEM accounted for the intensive longitudinal aspects of the data while modeling three types of person-specific random effects: random intercepts to account for subject-specific averages; random slopes to account for subject-specific effects; and random variances to account for subject-specific volatility. RTT processes were supported, as greater than typical interference of routines in daily life predicted more relational turbulence that day via increased daily anger (controlling for the previous day’s levels). The use of DSEM allowed us to further test RTT by modeling person-specific inertia and volatility (for levels of interference, anger, and relational turbulence throughout a month). The use of a multilevel “location-scale” DSEM with random intercepts and random variances revealed that attachment avoidance and anxiety predicted a variety of person-specific features of the studied longitudinal processes: averages, inertia, and volatility over time. We provide our data and a supplemental primer to illustrate how to test communication theory with DSEM and model the intensive dynamics of daily life.