Self-esteem Relationships Research Articles

Romantic intimacy and terror management: Examining the mediating roles of felt security, relational self-esteem, and relational worldview defense

Terror management theory posits that close relationships assuage existential mortality concerns because they foster attachment-based felt security, enhance self-esteem, and validate shared cultural worldviews. However, the relative buffering influence of these mechanisms remains relatively unknown and has sparked theoretical debate. Some theorists argue that felt security is central, whereas others suggest it does not offer unique protection from death awareness, independent of self-esteem and worldview validation. We conducted two experiments to clarify felt security’s role. Testing felt security on its own, it significantly mediated the association between death awareness and increased intimacy striving (Study 1). However, when tested alongside relational self-esteem and worldview validation, felt security again exerted a significant mediating effect in parallel with relational self-esteem, although only among female participants (Study 2). These results provide initial support for the subordinate tripartite model and functional independence claim put forth in recent years. We discuss the implications of these findings.

Self-Esteem and Adjustment to Retirement Among Retiree Teachers in Meru County, Kenya

Retirement poses psychological problem for many retirees. There is an increase in the number of retired teachers in Meru County in Kenya because majority of the pioneer teachers in Meru County have begun retiring since independence. It was necessary to establish the relationship between self-esteem and adjustment to retirement. The researcher established a relationship between self-esteem and adjustment to retirement among retiree teachers in Meru County. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The study sampled 318 respondents from a population of 1800 comprising of 600 retirees, 600 spouses of retirees and 600 close relatives of the retiree teachers. A sample of 318 respondents was selected to participate in the study. Data was collected from retiree teachers and their spouses through questionnaires. Interview schedules were used to collect data from retiree teacher close relative. Quantitative data was analyzed with the help of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23. Descriptive statistics included frequencies, percentages, standard deviation and mean. Inferential statistics used was wilcoxon signed rank test. Qualitative data collected was analyzed by classifying the responses into meaningful categories thematically. The findings of this study revealed that there is a significant relationship self-esteem and adjustment to retirement. The study recommends that Teacher Service Commission to organize pre-retirement training and counseling to prepare teachers to handle challenges that may affect their self-esteem in retirement. DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/68-05 Publication date: August 31 st 2020

Epistemic self-esteem of philosophers in the face of philosophical disagreement

Abstract Our paper consists of four parts. In the first part, we describe the challenge of the pervasive and permanent philosophical disagreement over philosophers’ epistemic self-esteem. In the second part, we investigate the attitude of philosophers who have high epistemic self-esteem even in the face of philosophical disagreement and who believe they have well-grounded philosophical knowledge. In the third section, we focus on the attitude of philosophers who maintain a moderate level of epistemic self-esteem because they do not attribute substantive philosophical knowledge to themselves but still believe that they have epistemic right to defend substantive philosophical beliefs. In the fourth section, we analyse the attitude of philosophers who have a low level of epistemic self-esteem in relation to substantive philosophical beliefs and make no attempt to defend those beliefs. We argue that when faced with philosophical disagreement philosophers either have to deny that the dissenting philosophers are their epistemic peers or have to admit that doing philosophy is less meaningful than it seemed before. In this second case, philosophical activity and performance should not contribute to the philosophers’ overall epistemic self-esteem to any significant extent.

Predicting a comprehensive operationalization of eating disorder recovery: Examining self-concept, personality, and negative affect.

Our goal was to examine potential predictors of a comprehensive operationalization of eating disorder recovery, characterized by physical, behavioral, and cognitive recovery, focusing on constructs related to self-concept, personality, and negative affect. Participants were women with a history of an eating disorder who provided data via survey and interview at two time points separated by about 7-8 years and who met criteria for an eating disorder diagnosis at baseline (N = 36). Logistic regression models revealed that self-esteem was a significant predictor of recovery status (OR = 1.12, p = .039) such that individuals with higher self-esteem at baseline demonstrated significantly greater odds of being in full recovery at follow-up. However, when self-esteem was considered in a set along with baseline imposter phenomenon and anxiety, no single construct emerged as a significant unique predictor of recovery in logistic regression analyses. These results highlight the potential importance of self-esteem in relation to recovery, with clinical implications related to bolstering self-esteem as part of eating disorder treatment. Future research should continue to explore predictors using a comprehensive operationalization of eating disorder recovery in larger, more diverse samples to optimally identify factors associated with achieving recovery.

Explicit and implicit attachment and the outcomes of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for depression

BackgroundAttachment theory predicts that patients who are not securely attached may benefit less from psychological treatment. However, evidence on the predictive role of attachment in the effectiveness of treatment for depression is limited.MethodsExplicit attachment styles, levels of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance, as well as implicit relational self-esteem and implicit relational anxiety were assessed in 67 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) receiving Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). ANOVA and hierarchical regression analyses were performed to investigate the predictive power of explicit and implicit attachment measures on treatment outcome.ResultsExplicit attachment avoidance at pre-treatment significantly predicted reduction of depressive symptoms following treatment. Reductions in attachment anxiety and avoidance from pre- to post-treatment predicted better treatment outcomes. Neither one of the implicit measures, nor change in these measures from pre- tot post-treatment significantly predicted treatment outcome.ConclusionsOur findings show that attachment avoidance as well as reductions in avoidant and anxious attachment predict symptom reduction after psychological treatment for depression. Future research should use larger sample sizes to further examine the role of attachment orientation as moderator and mediator of treatment outcome.Trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov; NCT01517503.

Self-esteem and visual attention in relation to congruent and non-congruent images: A study of the choice of organic and transgenic products using eye tracking

This study proposes a new model for understanding the behavior of consumers of organic products, using the theory of self-esteem and the congruence among images containing organic and transgenic attributes. The study employed image visualization metrics based on experiments using the eye tracking instrument. The methodological part was divided into two stages. The first was based on a Discrete Choice model, obtaining the following probabilities of the consumer choosing the product: +2.52%, −8.5%, +4.3%, −2.43%, and −5.2% for an increase in self-esteem, for the male gender, for the presence of an organic seal, for the presence of a transgenic seal, and for the presence of a seal that represents a large property, respectively. The second stage was based on hypothesis tests, as a complementary methodology to the first stage. In this context, the time metrics “total fixation of look” on the product and time of “first fixation” on the product for the organic vs. transgenic seals did not differ for individuals classified as having low self-esteem and in individuals of the male gender. As for women and for individuals with high self-esteem, these metrics were lower in the visualizations of an organic seal compared to the transgenic ones. We conclude that visual attention is influenced by the self-esteem and the congruency of the image in food decision. It is suggested that other studies should delve more deeply into applying the model to other behaviors and products.

Communion and self-esteem: No relationship? A closer look at the association of agency and communion with different components of self-esteem

Previous research has shown that self-esteem is dominated by agency, whereas communion shows no or only weak associations (Abele et al., 2016; Wojciszke, Baryla, Parzuchowski, Szymkow, & Abele, 2011). But does it really not matter for self-esteem if someone is honest or friendly? In our research, we will show that an in-depth analysis helps to resolve this question and provides new insights into the relationship of agency, communion, and self-esteem. Therefore, on the one hand, we differentiated the facets of agency (assertiveness and competence) and communion (warmth and morality). On the other hand, we looked at different components of self-esteem (performance, social, physical, and relational). We predicted communion to be related at least to social and relational self-esteem. This detailed analysis was conducted with different samples with altogether 2.357 participants stemming from six countries (Germany, France, Australia, Poland, China, and USA). Results showed that assertiveness dominates the performance, social, and physical components of personal self-esteem. While communion shows no strong association with personal self-esteem, as expected, warmth and morality have a substantial influence on relational self-esteem (in addition to agency). Thus, although agency definitively has a stronger impact on self-evaluation overall, communion is also related to self-esteem and important for a positive self-evaluation.

Self-reported Suicidality in Male and Female Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Rumination and Self-esteem.

Rumination and low self-esteem are associated with suicidality, and with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, rumination and self-esteem in relation to suicidality in adults with ASD have not been examined. This cross-sectional study (n = 75; 46 males and 29 females) investigates the relation of rumination and self-esteem to the absence/presence of suicidal ideation (SUIC+/-), history of attempted suicide (HAS), and severity of suicidality. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that self-esteem was significantly associated with SUIC+/-, whereas rumination was significantly associated with HAS. Multiple regression analysis showed that rumination and self-esteem were independently associated with severity of suicidality, but these lose their significant contribution, when statistically controlling for depression. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 66.6%; gender was not a significant factor.

Perceived Social Isolation and Self Esteem In Relation To Psychological Wellbeing of Hearing Impaired Individuals

Perceived Social Isolation and Self Esteem In Relation To Psychological Wellbeing of Hearing Impaired Individuals

Самооценка на емоционалната интелигентност – изследване сред учители

The digitalization of the modern world makes the topic of emotional intelligence more relevant. Emotional intelligence is becoming a basic characteristic of the modern man, and therefore the need to study, research and develop it in the educational environment is of utmost importance. There is still little talk about the emotional intelligence of teachers. This study is oriented towards them and their self-esteem in relation to this personal construct. Through self-assessment questionnaires, teachers determine their level of personal emotional awareness, emotional self-management, social emotional awareness and relationship management - the main markers of emotional intelligence. The results are linked to the sense of well-being and the problem of personal distress in teachers.

Percipirana samostigmatizacija pacijenata hospitaliziranih u Klinici za psihijatriju KBC-a Rijeka

The aim of this paper was to examine the self-stigmatizing attitudes of the examinees from the group of mentally ill patients and determine their level of self-esteem and self-efficacy while comparing their results with those of examinees from the control group from the general population. 176 participants were included in this research and divided into two groups. The first group (74 subjects) consisted of patients hospitalized at the Psychiatric Department of the Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka and the second, control group (102 subjects) was selected from a sample of the general population. The respondents were given a questionnaire that consisted of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the General Self- Efficacy Scale, while psychiatric patients were also given the questionnaire for assessing self-stigmatization which was designed for the purpose of this research. The first group (psychiatric patients) has statistically significantly lower levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy than the examinees from the general population. Our results show statistically significant negative correlation between the degree of self-esteem and self-efficacy in relation to perceived self-stigmatization. Those participants with lower levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy have more self-stigmatizing attitudes. These attitudes reflect the stereotypes about people with mental illness present in society and subsequently the acceptance and application of those stereotypes by the psychiatric patients, which are the preconditions for self-stigma. Self-stigmatization has farreaching consequences on the quality of life, life functionality, and the social interaction of affected individuals.

Anxiousness, Self-esteem, and Anxiety: Which Variable is a Predictor?

The paper deals with the issue on the relations of self-esteem, anxiousness and anxiety at teenagers. The aim of the research was to identify the influence of anxiousness on self-esteem and influence of self-esteem on anxiety within a sample of adolescents and intersexual difference in variables. The research sample consisted of 2 374 adolescents (females n = 1149) out of which 356 suffer from the symptoms of anxiety disorders (ADS; females n= 263). The variables were gained through the revised Rosenberg self-esteem scale and SUDS scales for anxiousness and anxiety findings. Using statistical analyses it was found that females reached a lower average score in self-esteem (t = 10.512; p <.001) and a higher average score in anxiousness (t = 10.132; p <.001). Similar results were achieved also at the sample of adolescents in variables of self-esteem (t = 3.611; p <.001) and anxiety (t = 5.845; p <.001). Furthermore, was found that there is a statistically significant predictable relation between research variables: anxiousness is a predictor of self-esteem (F = 2495.490, p<.001) at a non-ADS sample of respondents, whereby ADS respondents´ self-esteem is a significant predictor of anxiety (F = 83.810, p<.001).

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL ENTITLEMENT AND PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS

The article discusses conditional relationship between psychological entitlement and personality characteristics. We have considered the Big five personality traits; “Dark Triad”, personal self-esteem, relational self-esteem and collective self-esteem as personality characteristics. As a result of the analysis, it has been found out that personal self-esteem has the most predictive value for psychological entitlement, followed by the Narcissism, Machiavellianism, Openness and Neuroticism.

Positive representation of relational self-esteem versus personal self-esteem in Chinese with interdependent self-construal

Recent research has shown that relational self-esteem (RSE) carries important implications, especially in collectivistic cultures. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the neural mechanism underlying RSE and the behavioral and neural differences between RSE and personal self-esteem (PSE) in Chinese with interdependent self-construal. In Study 1, 581 participants completed a scale measuring RSE, the Rosenberg Personal Self-esteem Scale, and the Self-construal Scale. In Study 2, a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan was conducted with 42 participants while they evaluated whether they agreed with sentences concerning the relational self-worth, the personal self-worth and the semantics. Results of study 1 showed that individuals with higher interdependent self-construal were more likely to have higher RSE than PSE. The behavioral results of RSE and PSE in study 2 were consistent with the results of Study 1. Moreover, fMRI results showed that the activation of the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) was responsible for processing the positive representation of RSE versus PSE. More importantly, higher relational self-worth rating was related to more vmPFC activation among individuals with high interdependent self-construal. These results suggest that individuals with high interdependent self-construal have a more positive representation of RSE rather than PSE.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR INTERNAL YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENGHENTIAN PREMATUR ATAS PROSEDUR AUDIT

This study aims to analyze the internal factors that affect the premature sign-off. These internal factors are the locus of control, self-esteem in relation to ambition, turnover intentions and the auditor's experience of premature sign-off of audit procedure.This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 23 Non-Big-Four Public Accountant Firm in Jakarta and getting 108 auditors as respondents. The results of this study indicate that the locus of control has a significant value of 0.000. The significant value of the self-esteem in relation to ambition of0.099. While the significant result of turnover intention is 0.110. And the auditor's experience is 0.001. It was concluded that the proven locus of control had a positive effect on premature sign-off of the audit procedure, while there was insufficient evidence that self-esteem associated with ambition and stopping desire had a positive effect on the premature sign-off of audit procedures. Nor is it sufficient evidence that the auditor's experience negatively affects premature sign-off of audit procedures.Keywords : Premature sign off, Locus of control, Self esteem, Turnover intentions

Investigation of body image, self-esteem, and quality of life in women with urinary incontinence.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of urinary incontinence on body image, self-esteem, and quality of life. The study was conducted with 218 women with urinary incontinence. The study data were collected using the Socio-Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, Body Cathexis Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire. There was a weak, statistically significant, positive relationship found between the Body Cathexis Scale total average scores and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale total average scores of the women and a weak, statistically significant, negative relationship with the Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire total average scores. In addition, a weak, statistically significant, negative relationship was found between the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale total score averages and Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire total score averages. Significant effects were seen for body image score with pad usage; for self-esteem in relation to number of deliveries, duration, and frequency of urinary incontinence; and for incontinence quality of life and duration and frequency of urinary incontinence and pad usage. It was concluded that most of the women with urinary incontinence had negative body image and that more than half of them had moderate or low self-esteem and a moderate quality of life.

Pengaruh Karateristik Personal Auditor Pemerintah Terhadap Tingkat Penerimaan Penyimpangan Perilaku Dalam Audit

The compilation of this thesis aimed at knowing the influence between auditor's individual characteristics and their acceptance of dysfunctional audit behavior. This research used the sample totaling 120 respondents from the auditors, who work in government agencies in Jakarta. The available questionnaire was distributed by convenience methods. The analysis method of the data that was used structural equation modeling as a tool of analysis using the LISREL program. Results of the research showed that externality in auditor 's locus of control and turnover intention have significant positive relationships with the level of acceptance of dysfunctional behavior, while the self-rate auditor performance have insignificant negative relationships with the level of acceptance of dysfunctional behavior, and self-esteem in relation to ambition have insignificant positive relationships with the level of acceptance of dysfunctionul behavior.

Penghentian Prematur Atas Prosedur Audit Pada Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) di Semarang

The research was aimed to analyse the influence of time pressure, audit risk, materiality, review procedure and quality control, locus of control, self esteem in relation to ambition, turn over intention to premature sign-off of audit procedure. The population of this research were 243 auditors who worked at Public Accountant Firm in Semarang. While the samples of this research are 113 auditors. The technique sampling in this research is non probability sampling with purposive sampling method based of judgement sampling. The analysis technique used was multiple linear regression. The result of this research indicates that time pressure, locus of control, and turn over intention have positive significant influence on premature sign-off of audite procedure, but audit risk, materiality, review procedure and quality control, and self esteem in relation to ambition didn’t have influence on premature sign-off of audite procedure.

MATHEMATICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHILDREN THAT SHOWN ABOVE/BELOW AVERAGE SUCCESS AT THE MATHEMATICAL EDUCATION

In this study, we analyzed the emotional and conative characteristics of fourth grade students of elementary school as follows: motivation for learning math, situational interest in learning mathematics during teaching, mathematics anxiety, self-esteem in relation to academic achievement and attributions of success and failure in mathematics. In a sample of 200 students and 20 teachers were analyzed emotional and conative characteristics capable of above-average and below average in math-age students. The study used the descriptive method, a questionnaire and a test. The research results are presented graphically and in tabular form with an explanation and discussion. In the conclusion are set the directions which should further improve this insufficiently studied area.

The Football Boost? Testing Three Models on Impacts on Sports Spectators’ Self-Esteem

To explain the wide attraction to sports, self-esteem impacts of a live American college football game were investigated; testing hypotheses were derived from mood-as-information, social identity, and sociometer frameworks along with previous research on sports and self-esteem. A three-wave field study measured mood, group affiliation, and self-esteem among 174 students at two different universities, immediately before and on 2 consecutive days after the football teams of these universities played in a much anticipated game. Both self-esteem and mood were affected 2 days after the game; however, fans of the winning team showed increased self-esteem (with no related mood improvement) while fans of the defeated team showed decreases in mood (with no related self-esteem deflation). Both the game outcome and the social viewing context influenced self-esteem. Impacts on self-esteem were mediated by both mood and group affiliation changes.