Relations Of Age Research Articles

SIZE-SPECIFIC DOSE ESTIMATES IN PEDIATRIC BRAIN CT IN RELATION TO AGE AND WEIGHT.

The size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) is used for radiation dose management in computed tomography (CT) and represents patient's absorbed dose more accurately than volume CT dose index. The relationship between SSDE and age or weight was investigated using 980 pediatric brain CT scans. Monolinear, power, and bilinear functions were fitted to the plots of SSDE against age or weight, and SSDE was estimated using the obtained functions. SSDE showed a biphasic increase with increasing age and weight: a rapid initial increase and subsequent a slow increase. Bilinear and power functions were successfully fitted to the plots, and mean estimation errors were close to 0, irrespective of the age or weight group. The standard SSDE values estimated from the obtained functions agreed well with the median values for each age or weight group. The curve-fitting method is expected to aid radiation dose management for pediatric brain CT using SSDE.

The genetic contribution of the X chromosome in age-related hearing loss.

Age-related (AR) hearing loss (HL) is the most common sensory impairment with heritability of 55%. The aim of this study was to identify genetic variants on chromosome X associated with ARHL through the analysis of data obtained from the UK Biobank. We performed association analysis between self-reported measures of HL and genotyped and imputed variants on chromosome X from ∼460,000 white Europeans. We identified three loci associated with ARHL with a genome-wide significance level (p < 5 × 10-8), ZNF185 (rs186256023, p = 4.9 × 10-10) and MAP7D2 (rs4370706, p = 2.3 × 10-8) in combined analysis of males and females, and LOC101928437 (rs138497700, p = 8.9 × 10-9) in the sex-stratified analysis of males. In-silico mRNA expression analysis showed MAP7D2 and ZNF185 are expressed in mice and adult human inner ear tissues, particularly in the inner hair cells. We estimated that only a small amount of variation of ARHL, 0.4%, is explained by variants on the X chromosome. This study suggests that although there are likely a few genes contributing to ARHL on the X chromosome, the role that the X chromosome plays in the etiology of ARHL may be limited.

Rare-variant association analysis reveals known and new age-related hearing loss genes.

Age-related (AR) hearing loss (HL) is a prevalent sensory deficit in the elderly population. Several studies showed that common variants increase ARHL susceptibility. Here, we demonstrate that rare-variants play a crucial role in ARHL etiology. We analyzed exome and imputed data from white-European UK Biobank volunteers, performing both single-variant and rare-variant aggregate association analyses using self-reported ARHL phenotypes. We identified and replicated associations between ARHL and rare-variants in KLHDC7B, PDCD6, MYO6, SYNJ2, and TECTA. PUS7L and EYA4 also revealed rare-variant associations with ARHL. EYA4, MYO6, and TECTA are all known to underline Mendelian nonsyndromic HL. PDCD6, a new HL gene, plays an important role in apoptosis and has widespread inner ear expression, particularly in the inner hair cells. An unreplicated common variant association was previously observed for KHLDC7B, here we demonstrate that rare-variants in this gene also play a role in ARHL etiology. Additionally, the first replicated association between SYNJ2 and ARHL was detected. Analysis of common variants revealed several previously reported, i.e., ARHGEF28, and new, i.e., PIK3R3, ARHL associations, as well as ones we replicate here for the first time, i.e., BAIAP2L2, CRIP3, KLHDC7B, MAST2, and SLC22A7. It was also observed that the odds ratios for rare-variant ARHL associations, were higher than those for common variants. In conclusion, we demonstrate the vital role rare-variants, including those in Mendelian nonsyndromic HL genes, play in the etiology of ARHL.

MP25-02 THE NORMAL HEALTHY URINARY MICROBIOME IN THE MAPP NETWORK STUDY: RELATION TO GENDER, AGE AND MENOPAUSAL STATUS

You have accessJournal of UrologyInfections/Inflammation/Cystic Disease of the Genitourinary Tract: Kidney & Bladder I (MP25)1 Sep 2021MP25-02 THE NORMAL HEALTHY URINARY MICROBIOME IN THE MAPP NETWORK STUDY: RELATION TO GENDER, AGE AND MENOPAUSAL STATUS J. Curtis Nickel, Alisa Stephens, A. Lenore Ackerman, Jennifer Anger, Henry LaI, and Garth D Ehrlich J. Curtis NickelJ. Curtis Nickel More articles by this author , Alisa StephensAlisa Stephens More articles by this author , A. Lenore AckermanA. Lenore Ackerman More articles by this author , Jennifer AngerJennifer Anger More articles by this author , Henry LaIHenry LaI More articles by this author , and Garth D EhrlichGarth D Ehrlich More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002022.02AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: To understand the role of the urinary microbiome in disease states and interpret non-culture-based diagnostic urine testing, we must have a better understanding of the microbiome in asymptomatic healthy individuals. We examined the impact of gender, age, and hormonal status on the healthy human urinary microbiome in asymptomatic control subjects enrolled in the multi-institution NIDDK Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain Network (MAPP) study. METHODS: Asymptomatic healthy controls, recruited to be age- and sex-matched to patients in the Trans-MAPP Epidemiology and Phenotyping Study, provided midstream urine collection for PCR-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry identification of urinary microbiota. The microbiomes of male and female participants were described and analyzed for differences in composition and diversity at the species and genus level by sex, age, and, in females, by hormonal status. RESULTS: The total number of species detected was 66 with mean of 1.2 species (sd 1.1) per male (n=97; mean age =43) and 2.3 (sd 1.3) per female (n=110, mean age = 38) in asymptomatic healthy controls. Species and genera diversity analyses showed significantly greater richness and diversity in females. In regard to species (Figure), Bifidobacterium subtile, Lactobacillus crispatus, and Lactobacillus johnsonii were more predominant in females. The genera Bifidobacterium, Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, and Corynebacterium were more predominant in females. While for males the most prevalent organisms included Staphylococcus and Propionibacterium, only Propionibacterium approached a significant difference between genders. No significant difference in the presence and/or diversity of micro-organisms with hormonal status could be observed. Sex-specific age trends, particularly diversity, were larger for females than males (Figure). CONCLUSIONS: The urinary microbiome of healthy asymptomatic subjects differed between genders and age in females, but not hormonal status. Gender differences may be attributable to the detection of urethral/vaginal organisms in females and prostate organisms in males. These findings will better allow us to interpret the results of microbiome reports in the midstream urine specimens of patients with urinary symptoms. Source of Funding: NIH/NIDDK © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 206Issue Supplement 3September 2021Page: e453-e454 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information J. Curtis Nickel More articles by this author Alisa Stephens More articles by this author A. Lenore Ackerman More articles by this author Jennifer Anger More articles by this author Henry LaI More articles by this author Garth D Ehrlich More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...

SARS-COV-2: RT-PCR CYCLE THRESHOLD (CT) VALUE AT DIAGNOSIS AND ITS RELATION TO AGE AND SEX IN ASSAM, INDIA

COVID-19 (corona virus disease 2019) is a global public health emergency caused by a new corona virus with severe acute respiratory syndromelike characteristics (SARS-CoV-2). We aimed to evaluate whether gender and age are major risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. For the study, 300 positive cases diagnosed during the period of July 2020 to September 2020 were included. Results showed that 69% of study samples were male of which 84% were in the &gt;51 years old age group. And 31% of study samples were female of which 63% were in the 4-19 years old age group. ANOVAresults indicated that the means of Ct values varied signicantly between age groups (F=2.703; p-value= 0.045). The lower Ct values were recorded in males (29.01±4.35) in comparison to females (29.84±3.98) while, the difference between the means of the two groups was not signicant. Our study concluded that males have higher viral load than females and for both sexes, age was found to be a signicant risk factor for severity of COVID-19.

Histopathological Pattern of Surgically Treated Thyroid Diseases

Background: Thyroid diseases are quite common and clinically important not only because they affectthe functions of other organs but also since most cases are eminently treatable. The incidence of thyroiddiseases varies from one geographical region to another. he present study was carried out to identify thehistopathological pattern of surgically treated thyroid disease in our setup and their frequency in relation toage and sex of the patients and to compare our findings with similar works in Iraq and globally.Materials and Methods: Total of 97 thyroidectomy case from Tikrit provine, Iraqwere included in thisstudy. Clinical, gross, and histopathological data were reviewed and analyzed.Results: Most of thyroid lesions were encountered at the age of 31-40 years. The most common thyroidlesion is multinodular goiter (40.21%). All thyroid diseases were more common in women than in menwith a male to female ratio of 1:5.93. Neoplastic lesions were found in 12.37% of cases (7.22% follicularadenoma; 5.15% thyroid carcinoma).Conclusion: Results of this study are comparable with several studies on thyroid diseases in other areasof Iraq and globally. Multinodular goiter need to be prevented by appropriate measures since Multinodulargoiter of prolonged duration in iodine deficient areas poses a risk factor for the development of follicularcarcinoma.

Psychological Perception Towards Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19) Among General Public In Tamilnadu State, IndiaAn Exploratory Analysis

Background: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is an infectious respiratory disease and it begins to spreadglobally. In India, the first COVID-19 case was detected in Kerala and then it slowly starts spreading variousparts of India. Due to the rapid spreading of coronavirus (COVID-19) the people become more panic and itaffects the psychological health of the people.Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the psychological perception of the people towards COVID-19among general public in Tamilnadu, India.Materials and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among 170 subjects in Tamilnadu based onthe simple random sampling method and their psychological perception towards COVID-19 were assessedby using a 15 item questionnaire. The data were analyzed and tabulated using descriptive statistics and chisquare test. P<0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.Results: There was a statistically significant difference was found in sleep quality(p=0.04), scared ofbeing treated indifferently (p=0.01) and financial loss (p=0.002) among males and females. No statisticallysignificant difference was found in the overall psychological perception towards COVID-19 in relation toage and gender.Conclusion: Majority of the people had a moderate level of stress towards the disease.This paper points outthe importance to address psychosocial impact of COVID-19 to reduce the vulnerability of this condition byenhancing better coping and resilience of the public.

Psychological Perception Towards Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19) Among General Public In Tamilnadu State, IndiaAn Exploratory Analysis

Background: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is an infectious respiratory disease and it begins to spreadglobally. In India, the first COVID-19 case was detected in Kerala and then it slowly starts spreading variousparts of India. Due to the rapid spreading of coronavirus (COVID-19) the people become more panic and itaffects the psychological health of the people.Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the psychological perception of the people towards COVID-19among general public in Tamilnadu, India.Materials and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among 170 subjects in Tamilnadu based onthe simple random sampling method and their psychological perception towards COVID-19 were assessedby using a 15 item questionnaire. The data were analyzed and tabulated using descriptive statistics and chisquare test. P&lt;0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.Results: There was a statistically significant difference was found in sleep quality(p=0.04), scared ofbeing treated indifferently (p=0.01) and financial loss (p=0.002) among males and females. No statisticallysignificant difference was found in the overall psychological perception towards COVID-19 in relation toage and gender.Conclusion: Majority of the people had a moderate level of stress towards the disease.This paper points outthe importance to address psychosocial impact of COVID-19 to reduce the vulnerability of this condition byenhancing better coping and resilience of the public.

Identifying blood-specific age-related DNA methylation markers on the Illumina MethylationEPIC® BeadChip

The past decade has seen rapid development in DNA methylation (DNAm) microarrays, including the Illumina HumanMethylation27 and HumanMethylation450 (450K) chips, which have played an essential role in identifying and evaluating age-related (AR) DNAm markers in different tissues. Recently, a new array, the Illumina MethylationEPIC (EPIC) was introduced, with nearly double the number of probes as the 450K (∼850,000 probes). In this study, we test these newly added probes for age association using a large cohort of 754 DNAm profiles from blood samples assayed on the EPIC BeadChip, for individuals aged 0–88 years old. 52 AR CpG sites (Spearman’s abs(rho) >0.6 and P-value <10−83) were identified, 21 of which were novel sites and mapped to 18 genes, nine of which (LHFPL4, SLC12A8, EGFEM1P, GPR158, TAL1, KIAA1755, LOC730668, DUSP16, and FAM65C) have never previously been reported to be associated with age. The data were subsequently split into a 527-sample training set and a 227-sample testing set to build and validate two age prediction models using elastic net regression and multivariate regression. Elastic net regression selected 425 CpG markers with a mean absolute deviation (MAD) of 2.6 years based on the testing set. To build a multivariate linear regression model, AR CpG sites with R2 > 0.5 at FDR < 0.05 were input into stepwise regression to select the best subset for age prediction. The resulting six CpG markers were linearly modelled with age and explained 81% of age-correlated variation in DNAm levels. Age estimation accuracy using bootstrap analysis was 4.5 years, with 95% confidence intervals of 4.56 to 4.57 years based on the testing set. These results suggest that EPIC BeadChip probes for age estimation fall within the range of probes found on the previous Illumina HumanMethylation platforms in terms of their age-prediction ability.

Nasopalatine Canal Revisited: An Insight to Anterior Maxillary Implants

Purpose: The study was performed to evaluate variability in nasopalatine canal using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in relation to age and gender. The study also provides an insight while considering anterior maxillary implants. Materials and Methods: The study included 200 subjects aged between 19 and 67 years who were divided into the following 3 groups: 1) 19 - 34 years old; 2) 35 - 49 years old; 3) >50 years old. The male and female subjects were 104 and 96 respectively. After obtaining a prior consent, CBCT was performed using a standard exposure and patient positioning protocol. The CBCT volume was sliced in three planes (X, Y, and Z) and was sequentially analyzed for the location, morphology and morphometric dimensions of the nasopalatine canal. The correlation of age and gender with all the variables were evaluated. Results: The present study revealed statistically significant differences in the length of the nasopalatine canal based on the age group. The slanted and the cylindrical variety of the nasopalatine canal were commonly observed in the study. However, no statistical differences were noted in the other variables such as number of openings at the nasal fossa, diameter of the incisive fossa, angulation of the canal as viewed in the sagittal sections and antero-posterior dimensions of the canal in the sagittal sections. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the variability observed in the anatomy and morphology of the nasopalatine canal which is an important landmark for placing dental implants in the anterior maxillary region.

The Impact of Selected Aspects of Life on the Incidence of Back Pain in Relation to Age of Patients

&lt;b&gt;Intodruction:&lt;/b&gt; The most common reasons for back pain in modern society include inadequate physical activity, obesity and lack of basic knowledge on the correct positions of the spine. There are also other reasons such as pathological changes including damage and degeneration of annular fibers in the spinal disk, posttraumatic back pain and incorrect posture. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;b&gt;Materials and methods:&lt;/b&gt; On the basis of a survey study on the population of 240 individuals (120 males and 120 females) we aimed to answer the following questions: how body index, physical activity, type of profession and education level correlate with the frequency of back pain in relation to age. Furthermore, responders reported the most commonly injured spine regions and types of treatments. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results and Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Obese individuals more often suffer from back pain. Moderate physical activity is beneficial on spine prophylaxis. Aging correlates with higher risk of back pain. Back pain is the most commonly reported in the lumbar region. Common painkiller medications and restricted physical activity represent main treatments of back pain. Visiting a doctor, physiotherapy and therapeutic massage are less common. These conclusions hold true for both males and females.

Prevalence of Canine Parvo Viral Infection in Dogs in and around Navsari District of Gujarat State, India

A total of 145 faecal samples were collected from the dogs suspected for canine parvovirus (CPV) infection over a period of one year from April, 2016 to March, 2017. The faecal samples were screened by HA, Scan Vet Parvo kit and PCR. Out of 145 dog faecal samples screened, 63 samples were positive with an overall prevalence of 43.44 %. Breed wise analysis of data indicated higher prevalence in indigenous breeds (46.67%) than the exotic breeds (42.00%). CPV infection in relation to age was highest (54.05%) in 0-2 months and least (30.43%) in above 4-6 months old dogs. Sex wise analysis revealed the higher prevalence (48.15%) in female dogs than male (40.66%). Month wise prevalence of CPV infection was found highest (65.00%) in February and lowest (12.50%) in June. The prevalence of CPV infection was high (44.03%) in unvaccinated dogs than the vaccinated dogs (36.36%). The findings suggested need of adopting rigorous control and preventive measures against this disease particularly in young dogs.

A multi-tissue age prediction model based on DNA methylation analysis

Age related tissue-specific DNA methylation markers have been identified in many studies, which can be used to estimate the chronological age of an unknown biological sample’s donor. However, if these markers have been used on the wrong type of tissue, they will give an inaccurate age estimation. This research has therefore examined HumanMethylation450 (HM450) BeadChip-based profiles retrieved from the NCBI repository, with the aim of identifying a set of universal DNA methylation markers across forensically relevant tissues. By using elastic net regression, it was possible to identify 10 age-related (AR) DNA methylation markers across 41 samples coming from five types of tissue (whole blood, saliva, semen, menstrual blood, and vaginal secretions). The average predictive accuracy of the constructed model based on training data is 3.8 years. In an independent dataset of 24 samples from four types of tissues (blood, saliva, menstrual blood, and vaginal secretions), the mean absolute deviation for the menstrual blood and vaginal fluid is 6.9 years, 5.6 years for buccal swabs, and 7.8 years for blood. The overall multi-tissue accuracy rate based on bootstrap analysis was 7.8 years (95% Confidence Interval 6–9.7 years). The identified multi-tissue age prediction model has the potential to assist forensic investigations without the requirement to identify the sample body fluid type.

Need for orthodontic treatment among children in Foča

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Introduction. Orthodontic treatment is a common dental procedure in developedcountries. Assessment of orthodontic treatment need is importantfor health services planning and population trends monitoring. The aim ofthis study was to assess the need for orthodontic treatment among childrenin Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina.Methods. The study involved 81 students of two primary schools in themunicipality of Foča, aged 11-13 years. The subjects underwent clinicalexaminations, the dental impressions were taken, study models were madeand analyzed, and digital photographs of anterior dentition were taken too.Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) was used to assess theneed for orthodontic treatment. The number of orthodontists, which wouldbe sufficient to meet the needs of this population of children, was estimated.Results. ICON index results showed that 56.8% of children needed orthodontictreatment. There was no statistical significance in the need for orthodontictreatment between the subjects of different gender and age. The study showedthat 22.2% of boys and 34.6% of girls needed orthodontic treatment. In relationto age, 21% of eleven- and 21% of twelve-year-olds needed orthodontictreatment and 14.8% of thirteen-year-olds. The incidence of crowding was80.2%. Crossbite was present in 23.5% of examined students, open bite in 2.5%,deep bite in 29.6% and irregular dental esthetics anterior teeth in 28.4%. ClassII/1 malocclusion was found in 39.5% of children, II/2 class in 9.9%, class I in38.3%, while class III malocclusion was found in 9.9% of examined children.Conclusion. The study shows that a large percentage of children in Foča needorthodontic treatment. Percentage of the need for orthodontic treatment ishigher in comparison to most of the countries in Europe and the world. Thedevelopment of prevention programs and early caries therapy can greatlyreduce the need for orthodontic treatment.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

Poor Sleep, Anxiety And Depression Among The Maritime And Health Sciences Higher School Students

Aim of the study was to evaluate the associations among poor sleep, anxiety and depression in relation to age and year of studying among the students. Methods. The study sample consisted of 400 Klaipeda State University of Applied Sciences students (96.8% female) and 393 The Lithuanian Maritime Academy students (78.9% male), from 18 to 46 years of age. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used for subjective sleep quality evaluation. Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale was used to identify depression and anxiety. PSQI score ≤ 5 was evaluated as good sleep quality; &gt; 5 – poor sleep. HAD score from 0 to 7 was evaluated as no depression or anxiety, score &gt;7 indicated depression and/or anxiety. Additional questions about respondents’ age, gender, study programme and year of the studying were used. The Chi-square test or Fisher exact tests were used to estimate association between categorical variables. Student’s t test was used to compare means and z criteria was used to test the difference in two population proportions. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors influencing poor sleep. Results. Health sciences students, as compared to maritime students, had higher prevalence of poor sleep (69.8% vs 45.0%) and anxiety (55.5% vs 41.7%). Depression score was higher among the students with poor sleep, as compared to good sleep, respectively 4.38 vs 3.20 (20 yrs), 5.16 vs 3.29 (21 yrs), 5.38 vs 3.22 (≥ 22 yrs). Anxiety score was higher among the students with poor sleep, as compared to good sleep, respectively 7.89 vs 6.11 (18-19 yrs), 8.73 vs 6.12 (20 yrs), 10.40 vs 6.51 (21 yrs), 10.58 vs 6.40 (≥ 22 yrs). The risk of poor sleep was significantly decreased by the studying marine sciences (OR=0.365) and increased by anxiety (OR=1.172), p&lt;0.001. Conclusions. Poor sleep and anxiety were more prevalent among the students of Health Sciences, as compared to students of Lithuanian Maritime Academy. Anxiety and depression mean scores were significantly higher among the students who had poor sleep, as compared to the ones who had good sleep in all age groups, during the first, second and third year of studies. Risk of poor sleep was increased by anxiety, however maritime studies had positive effect on sleep quality.

ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION

Objectives: To determine the frequency of hyperuricemia in patients withessential hypertension. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive. Period: Six months study.Setting: Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. Patients and Methods: All the patients withessential hypertension visited at cardiac OPD / admitted in the ward were further evaluated forserum uric acid level. The data was analyzed in SPSS 16 and the frequency and percentage wascalculated. Results: During six months study period, total one hundred and eighty (180) patientswith essential hypertension were recruited and study for uric acid level. The mean age ±SDfor overall population was 52.84±8.72 whereas it was 55.83±7.93 and 50.75±8.95 in male andfemale population respectively. The mean ± SD of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)in overall population was 160.50 ± 12.74 and 100.70±5.95 respectively. The mean ±SD serumuric acid level in overall population was 13.74±4.83 while it was 11.74±6.44 and 14.43±4.31 inmale and female population respectively). The male population was predominant in relation toage (p=0.02), the hyperuricemia was identified in 117/180 (65%) patients and it is statisticallysignificant in context to age (p&lt;0.01) and gender (p&lt;0.05) whereas mean ±SD of systolic anddiastolic blood pressure was also significant in relation to hyperuricemia. Conclusion: There isa relationship between hyperuricemia and hypertension and shown that the serum uric acid levelwas significantly increased in patients with essential hypertension.

English

Objectives: To determine the frequency of hyperuricemia in patients withessential hypertension. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive. Period: Six months study.Setting: Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. Patients and Methods: All the patients withessential hypertension visited at cardiac OPD / admitted in the ward were further evaluated forserum uric acid level. The data was analyzed in SPSS 16 and the frequency and percentage wascalculated. Results: During six months study period, total one hundred and eighty (180) patientswith essential hypertension were recruited and study for uric acid level. The mean age ±SDfor overall population was 52.84±8.72 whereas it was 55.83±7.93 and 50.75±8.95 in male andfemale population respectively. The mean ± SD of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)in overall population was 160.50 ± 12.74 and 100.70±5.95 respectively. The mean ±SD serumuric acid level in overall population was 13.74±4.83 while it was 11.74±6.44 and 14.43±4.31 inmale and female population respectively). The male population was predominant in relation toage (p=0.02), the hyperuricemia was identified in 117/180 (65%) patients and it is statisticallysignificant in context to age (p&lt;0.01) and gender (p&lt;0.05) whereas mean ±SD of systolic anddiastolic blood pressure was also significant in relation to hyperuricemia. Conclusion: There isa relationship between hyperuricemia and hypertension and shown that the serum uric acid levelwas significantly increased in patients with essential hypertension.

Prevalence and patterns of chronic disease multimorbidity and associated determinants in Canada.

Multimorbidity is increasingly recognized as a key issue in the prevention and management of chronic diseases. We examined the prevalence and correlates of chronic disease multimorbidity in the general adult Canadian population in relation to age and other key determinants. We extracted data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2011/12 on 105 416 Canadian adults. We analysed the data according to the number of multimorbidities (defined as 2+ or 3+ diseases from a list of 9) and examined the determinants of multimorbidity using regression analyses. Our findings show that 12.9% of Canadians report 2+ chronic diseases and 3.9% report 3+ chronic diseases. Those reporting 3 or more chronic diseases were more likely to be female, older, living in the lowest income quintile and to have not completed high school. In the overall population, social deprivation is associated with a 3.7 odds of multimorbidity, but when examined across age groups, the odds of multimorbidity were notably higher in middle age, 7.5 for those aged 35 to 49 years and 5.4 for those aged 50 to 64 years. As the proportion of Canadians living with multiple chronic diseases increases, we need to assess chronic disease from a holistic perspective that captures multimorbidity and upstream factors, to facilitate broader and more context-appropriate associations with healthy living, quality of life, health care costs and mortality. Special consideration should be given to the role that social deprivation plays in the development of multimorbidity. Canadians living in the lowest socioeconomic group are not only more likely to develop multimorbidity, but the onset of multimorbidity is also likely to be significantly earlier.

Discrepant expression of cytokines in inflammation- and age-related cataract patients.

PurposeInflammatory cataracts secondary to Behcet's disease (BD) or Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) are thought to result from a pathological dysregulation of cytokines that is different from that of age-related (AR) cataracts. However, little is known about the function of cytokines in the development of inflammatory cataracts. The purpose of this study was to identify possible differences in cytokine expression in inflammation- and age-related cataract patients.MethodsAnalysis techniques involving the concomitant use of a cocktail of antibody-coated non-magnetic beads were used to determine the cytokine expression profiles of BD, VKH and AR cataract patients. Furthermore, anterior chamber aqueous flares and inflammatory cells were quantitatively measured with a laser flare cell meter (LFCM).ResultsThe expressions of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were analyzed in aqueous humor (AqH), phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated and non-PHA-stimulated cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the three types of cataract patients. IL-6 and IFN-γ were identified above the detection limits, but, among the BD and VKH cataract patients, only the levels of IL-6 were significantly higher in both the AqH and PBMC non-PHA cultures compared with the levels observed in the AR cataract patients. In contrast, IFN-γ was significantly elevated in the AqH of the BD cataract patients compared with the VKH and AR cataract patients. In the PHA-stimulated PBMC cultures, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-17A were significantly increased, and the IL-6 level was significantly higher in the VKH patients than in the BD and AR cataract patients. The correlation analyses of the cytokines and inflammation indexes of the AqH obtained with the LFCM revealed that only IL-6 was significantly correlated with the inflammation index.ConclusionDistinct expression profiles of cytokines and the correlations of these profiles with in vivo inflammatory indexes for inflammatory and AR cataract patients were identified.

Necessity for introducing the procedure of percutaneous aortic valve implantation in the Province of Vojvodina

Percutaneous aortic valve implantation is an alternative that offers hope to patients who are too old or sick to undergo the conventional surgical aortic valve replacement. The aim of this study was to determine the number of high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis, hospitalized at the Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, who are the candidates for percutaneous aortic valve implantation. The paper prospectively analyzed all patients diagnosed to have severe aortic stenosis who had been hospitalized at the Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases from April 1st, 2011 to October 31st, 2012. Each of these patients was analyzed in relation to the inclusive criteria for percutaneous aortic valve implantation. We analyzed the distribution of these risk factors in relation to age and gender, and the presence of aortic valve replacement surgery by age groups. In the period from April 1st, 2011 to October 31st, 2012, 374 patients diagnosed to have severe aortic stenosis were hospitalized at the Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases. The group of patients older than 80 years had a higher percentage of those patients with low ejection fraction of the heart, chronic pulmonary hypertension and mitral regurgitation. On the other hand, when the total number of surgical aortic valve replacement was taken into consideration with respect to age, there was a significant decrease in their number in the group of patients older than 75 years (41.6%), especially in the age group over 80 years (90.2%). The data obtained in this study indicate a high percentage of conservatively treated patients with severe aortic stenosis and high operative risk in patients over 75 years. These data confirm the necessity for the implementation of percutaneous aortic valve replacement in the Province of Vojvodina.