Relational Traits Research Articles

Virtual influencer marketing: Evaluating the influence of virtual influencers’ form realism and behavioral realism on consumer ambivalence and marketing performance

The existing literature examines VIs’ utilitarian, personal, and relational traits, but a gap exists in interface design understanding. This study employs avatar marketing and ambivalence theories to explore how VIs’ design elements (VI’s varying form realism and behavioral realism design) induce ambivalent emotions (eeriness and coolness) and impact VI marketing performance (follow and purchase intentions). Two experimental studies were conducted, using ANCOVA, multiple regression, and PROCESS macro analyses. In Study 1, utilizing contemporary VIs from the market, it was revealed that a VI exhibiting mid (vs. low) form realism triggered heightened perceptions of both eeriness and coolness, with these effects being magnified under the condition of high (vs. low) behavioral realism. In Study 2, using VIs generated through the StyleGAN AI technique, it was validated that those with high (vs. low) form realism were associated with decreased perceptions of eeriness and increased coolness, particularly when combined with high (vs. low) behavioral realism. Additionally, our findings emphasized the negative impact of eeriness and the positive influence of coolness on VI performance outcomes. In summary, our study reveals the significant role of VI interface designs in VI marketing performance, highlighting consumers' mixed emotions as crucial mediators in this context. Additionally, our findings highlight the negative impact of eeriness and the positive influence of coolness on VI performance. Its primary contribution is uncovering VIs’ interface designs as significant factors in VI marketing performance, while recognizing consumers’ ambivalent emotions as vital mediators in this relationship.

My social comfort zone: Attachment anxiety shapes peripersonal and interpersonal space

Following positive social exchanges, the neural representation of interactive space around the body (peripersonal space; PPS) expands, whereas we also feel consciously more comfortable being closer to others (interpersonal distance; ID). However, it is unclear how relational traits, such as attachment styles, interact with the social malleability of our PPS and ID. A first, exploratory study (N=48) using a visuo-tactile, augmented reality task, found that PPS depended on the combined effects of social context and attachment anxiety. A follow-up preregistered study (N= 68), showed that those with high attachment anxiety demonstrated a sharper differentiation between peripersonal and extrapersonal space, even in a non-social context. A final, preregistered large-scale survey (N= 19,417) found that people scoring high in attachment anxiety prefer closer ID and differentiate their ID less based on feelings of social closeness. We conclude that attachment anxiety reduces the social malleability of both peripersonal and interpersonal space.

An attachment-based framework for disordered personality development: Implications for intersubjective psychodynamic psychotherapy.

Infant-caregiver dyads show high heterogeneity in terms of compatibility. Several lines of evidence indicate that the modalities by which areas of good and poor fit were emotionally recognized and managed by caregivers influence the infant's personality development, the integration of their personality traits, the overall sense of authenticity, as well as the modalities of transference that typically manifest during psychodynamic psychotherapy. Within an intersubjective framework, the relationship between patient and psychotherapist will inevitably recreate compatibility issues, although the specific areas of incompatibility will likely differ from the scenarios present in the caregiver relationship. In other words, emotional friction may originate from personality traits that were not problematic in the first place. The author hypothesizes that disclosure of the challenges associated with the management of areas of incompatibility will not only promote emotional honesty within the dyad, but also offer an excellent opportunity for introjection. Such disclosures are not at risk of being interpreted as an attempt to build an intersubjective experience, but represent a window into authenticity, which in turn enables patients to develop awareness of their personality and relational traits, along with the challenges and vulnerabilities that occur when such traits interface with otherness.

How to avoid others and influence people: Attachment orientations predict leader prototypicality in ad hoc teams

The existing literature has explored the role and importance of personality traits in leader prototypicality. However, limited research exists concerning the link between personality traits and leader emergence or prototypicality in ad hoc teams. Based on the relational leadership and attachment literature, we examine whether leader attachment orientations can serve as antecedents of leader prototypicality in ad hoc teams. Utilizing an ad hoc problem-solving task featuring a round-robin design in a sample of 197 participants, we find that individuals with a dominant avoidant attachment orientation were more likely to be perceived as leader-like or leader prototypical. In comparison, individuals with a dominant anxious attachment orientation were much less likely to emerge as leader prototypical. We interpret these findings in alignment with attachment theory and relational leadership and discuss the role of relational personality traits in ad hoc teams with no formally appointed leader.

My Tweets Bring All the Traits to the Yard: Predicting Personality and Relational Traits in Online Social Networks

Users in Online Social Networks (OSNs,) leave traces that reflect their personality characteristics. The study of these traces is important for several fields, such as social science, psychology, marketing, and others. Despite a marked increase in research on personality prediction based on online behavior, the focus has been heavily on individual personality traits, and by doing so, largely neglects relational facets of personality. This study aims to address this gap by providing a prediction model for holistic personality profiling in OSNs that includes socio-relational traits (attachment orientations) in combination with standard personality traits. Specifically, we first designed a feature engineering methodology that extracts a wide range of features (accounting for behavior, language, and emotions) from the OSN accounts of users. Subsequently, we designed a machine learning model that predicts trait scores of users based on the extracted features. The proposed model architecture is inspired by characteristics embedded in psychology; i.e, it utilizes interrelations among personality facets and leads to increased accuracy in comparison with other state-of-the-art approaches. To demonstrate the usefulness of this approach, we applied our model on two datasets, namely regular OSN users and opinion leaders on social media, and contrast both samples’ psychological profiles. Our findings demonstrate that the two groups can be clearly separated by focusing on both Big Five personality traits and attachment orientations. The presented research provides a promising avenue for future research on OSN user characterization and classification.

A geographic framework for assessing neolocalism: the case of Texas cider production

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to propose a new conceptual framework intended to offer scholars a tool for assessing the geographic qualities among the myriad expressions of neolocalism reflected by craft food producers. Our objectives were to determine the extent to which Texas craft cider producers employ neolocal traits in the identity and marketing of their products and place; to examine how and under what conditions does the role of neolocalism and the traits employed in Texas craft cider production vary by location, reflecting local sites and situations; and to discover whether geographic, relational, or value-based traits hold greater influence when employing neolocalism in Texas craft cider. Incorporating geographic, relational, and values of proximity along with identified neolocal traits, we created a visual representation of neolocal engagement, the neolocal product model. The model visually demonstrates how Texas craft cider producers’ ability to conscientiously create a locally embedded product imbued with neolocal traits is affected by how the producers situate themselves within a local food network, reflect local resources and values, and present their cidery within a chosen landscape.

Do Relational and Self-Definitional Traits Influence Deep Brain Stimulation Device Preference?

Personality psychodynamics have been shown to influence individual responses to psychiatric treatments, including medication. Increasingly, neuromodulation therapies have become available for severe and treatment-resistant depression. This study aims to evaluate patient response to an implanted neurostimulator battery within the framework of relational versus self-definitional personality traits. Relational development is interpersonally oriented and disruptions along this pathway lead to dependency on others for a sense of security and self-worth. Self-definitional development is characterized by autonomy strivings and disruptions lead to self-critical feelings of failing to meet expectations. Patients drawn from a larger study of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for treatment-resistant depression were switched from a non-rechargeable to a rechargeable battery type to maintain stimulation therapy. This switch entailed taking greater personal responsibility for device maintenance and allowed for fewer battery replacement surgeries. Twenty-six patients completed the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ) and a questionnaire surveying their preference for DBS battery type. Results show that the DEQ dependency subscale, and more specifically the neediness component of the subscale, is associated with patient preference for the non-rechargeable battery. This suggests that individuals with higher relational needs prefer treatment options that increase contact with and need for medical caregivers and may prioritize this aspect of an intervention over alternative considerations. In contrast, individuals with more self-critical personality traits did not have a battery type preference, indicating that self-definitional needs were not predictive of battery preference. The link between an individual's personality psychodynamics and response to biomedical interventions, including neuromodulation and treatments that incorporate medical devices, deserves further attention.

Weber’s Alternative Theory of Action

AbstractThe present paper aims to unearth the rudiments of an alternative theory of action in Weber. Centring on salient descriptions of scientific practice found in Weber, I argue that one finds so-called “relational” impulses in these instances, which are at odds with the Kantian, subject-centred and dualist perspectives pervading much of Weber’s thought.The paper consists of two parts. In the first—critical—part, after a short sketch of my relational approach, I cite some well-known “Kantian” passages in Weber’s work and demonstrate their undesirable theoretical and empirical consequences. I investigate Weber’s “official” theory of action and understanding, his concepts of rationality and psychology, and his understanding of technological mediation. In the second—positive—part, I delve into Weber’s understanding ofcreativity, investigating relational traits in Weber’s descriptions of scientific practice and experience. I then demonstrate how Weber’s late concept ofpersonalityis based on relational and object-oriented attitudes. Further, I investigate how the two dimensions of creativity and personality merge in his concept ofSachlichkeit. Finally, I provide certain biographical observations and discuss the conflict between existentialist and relational interpretations of Weber. At the very end of the paper, I discuss some general implications of the relational perspective.

Nurse Leadership Style, Nurse Satisfaction, and Patient Satisfaction: A Systematic Review.

The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize current evidence on nursing leadership styles, nurse satisfaction, and patient satisfaction. Results suggest that relational leadership traits contribute to greater nurse satisfaction whereas task-oriented styles may decrease nurse satisfaction. Minimal information for the connection between nursing leadership and patient satisfaction was found.

Terrorism in the Evolution Wars: Mass Media and Human Nature

ABSTRACTAntievolutionist and New Atheist pundits invoke the specter of terrorism in widely distributed mass media. Notably, allusions to terrorism within such Evolution Wars communications are frequently associated with discourse on human nature, morality, and values. Such discourse includes references to substantive and relational traits linked with human distinctiveness, as well as the moral implications of evolution and religion. This paper examines broadcasts disseminated by the most media vocal Darwin skeptics and New Atheists, revealing the ways in which the dread of terrorism is married to discussions of evolutionary theory.

Like family: Network coevolution and the emergence of altruism

ABSTRACTAltruism is difficult to explain in an evolutionary context—the mechanisms of selection appear to favor selfishness. Existing scholarly work addressing this puzzle relies on structural and behavioral assumptions that severely limit generalizability. The model presented in this article circumvents the need for such assumptions by incorporating an evolving network component to natural selection. Through a process of coevolution of individual and relational traits, many of the exogenous assumptions of previous models of the evolution of cooperation are realized endogenously within a simulated population. Such endogeneity allows a more precise examination of conditions under which cooperation arises, but also a clearer understanding of how those conditions themselves arise. The model is specified analytically, and interpretation is carried out on simulated outcomes.

Interfirm Relational Strategies and Innovation: the Role of Interfirm Relational Traits and Firm Resources

Building on relational and resource-based perspectives, this article investigates the indirect effect of interfirm relational strategies (relational proclivity and capability) on firm platform innovation, through their association with key interfirm relational traits (information flows and relational embeddedness). Given differences in firm usage and deployment of resources, the authors examine the moderating effects of two firm-level strategic levers critical to the innovation process: marketing intensity and R&D intensity. The test of this conceptual model uses primary and secondary data from 237 firms operating in high-tech industries. The results indicate that relational proclivity and capability positively influence interfirm relationship traits of information flows and relational embeddedness. These traits then have profound effects on firm platform innovation. In terms of moderation, the authors demonstrate that marketing intensity improves the ability of relational embeddedness to enhance platform innovation, whereas R&D intensity improves the ability of information flows to enhance platform innovation. The authors conclude with implications for marketing theory and practice.

Followers' agreeableness and extraversion and their loyalty towards authentic leadership.

Effective leaders understand that loyal followers are the key for success. To win their loyalty, leaders usually build social exchange relationships with them, through a wide range of behaviours, such as honouring agreements or using open and transparent communication. However, the effect of these behaviours on their followers' loyalty can differ depending on followers' individual differences, especially in relational traits such as agreeableness and extraversion. We explored the moderating role of followers' agreeableness and extraversion in the relationship between authentic leadership (using transactional leadership as reference group) and followers' loyalty. A two-wave experiment, where 224 participants with and without work experience were randomly assigned to either a transactional or authentic leadership style condition was conducted. Our results show that followers in the authentic leadership condition had higher levels of loyalty toward their leader. Moreover, followers' agreeableness played a negative moderating role in this relationship whereas extraversion played a positive moderating role in it. Our results indicate that followers' characteristics influence the effect of situational factors on their attitudes, such as loyalty, providing support for the need of a more integrative approach to leadership, where followers need to be considered as active elements of this process ofinfluence.

The Effects of the Socio-economic Resources, Psychological and Relational Traits on Marital Satisfaction and Stability of Korean Baby Boomers: A Focus on Gender Differences

The Effects of the Socio-economic Resources, Psychological and Relational Traits on Marital Satisfaction and Stability of Korean Baby Boomers: A Focus on Gender Differences

Viewing relational aggression through multiple lenses: temperament, personality, and personality pathology.

Dispositional trait frameworks offer great potential to elucidate the nature and development of psychopathology, including the construct of relational aggression. The present study sought to explore the dispositional context of relational aggression across three dispositional frameworks: temperament, personality, and personality pathology. Participants comprised a large community sample of youth, aged 6 to 18 years (N = 1,188; 51.2% female). Ratings of children's relational aggression, temperament, personality, and personality pathology traits were obtained through parent report (86.3% mothers). Results showed convergence and divergence across these three dispositional frameworks. Like other antisocial behavior subtypes, relational aggression generally showed connections with traits reflecting negative emotionality and poor self-regulation. Relational aggression showed stronger connections with temperament traits than with personality traits, suggesting that temperament frameworks may capture more relationally aggressive content. Findings at the lower order trait level help differentiate relational aggression from other externalizing problems by providing a more nuanced perspective (e.g., both sociability and shyness positively predicted relational aggression). In addition, there was little evidence of moderation of these associations by gender, age, or age2, and findings remained robust even after controlling for physical aggression. Results are discussed in the broader context of conceptualizing relational aggression in an overarching personality-psychopathology framework.

The Phenomenon of Character Development in a Distance Education Course

Rarely are character development-related aims espoused by higher education reflected in the design and delivery of distance education programs. Further, literature exploring the character development aspects of distance education is sparse. This study finds that the instructor and students in a fantasy literature distance course perceived myriad kinds of character development related to performance, moral, relational, and spiritual character traits and strengths. This paper considers implications for character development in distance education and directions for future research.

The Role of Relational Communication Characteristics and Filial Piety in Mate Preferences: Cross-cultural Comparisons of Chinese and US College Students

Previous cross-cultural mate preference studies have employed researcher-generated lists of traits constructed from Western samples. Yet people from different cultures may prefer traits that do not appear on the lists. Unexamined, too, is the importance of relational communication characteristics and filial piety in partner preferences. To examine similarities and differences in mate preferences, two studies were conducted with 277 college students from China and the United States. In Study I, responses from an open-ended question indicated that both groups listed honesty, physical attractiveness, ambitious and considerateness as preferred traits. Chinese students listed filial piety as one of their three most preferred traits in a partner. Study 2 explored the relative importance of students' preferred traits. As hypothesized, Chinese students valued social status and filial piety more highly than US students. Both groups preferred the relational communication traits of steadfast support and authentic ity over social status and physical attractiveness

Cartographic modeling: The role and importance

Aim and sense of cartographic modeling is to represent essential, typical and characteristically attributes of mapping territory. Cartographic modeling is applying in two phases: 1. trough theoretical modeling and creating mind models (by notice relevant factors of space, modeling is in cartographer’s mind) and 2. trough practical modeling and making prototype model (continuing and objectification of mind model) which one has bigger degree of concrezation and experimented role. The maps are mathematical and logical models, which are not just representing the contents of the real space, but also their specific and relational traits which can’t be seen at first sight. Atlas is modeled contexture contents of treated thematic of space on optimal map union. Atlases are higher form of cartography. Modern computer's technology and specific software make possible better and faster making of all kinds of maps, atlases and spatial analysis connections and relationships among all elements of contents from concrete space which is, until now, demand much more time or they can not imagine.

Imagining a Medieval English Nation ed. by Kathy Lavezzo

REVIEWS troubling to a modern liberal understanding of the social good, and she usefully shows how and why they might be misread without taking account of the two hermeneutical types she has invoked. She also shows, again usefully, how much richer the thinking and writing about these texts become when one keeps always in the front of one’s mind the ordering principle (the glass bowl) that gives and constrains the meanings of the texts. For example, she makes a good point that the hermeneutical Jew, as revealed in certain personal and relational traits of the Jewish characters in the texts, shows a far greater resistance to the totalizing image of transformation that was, in the high theology of the period, supposed to accompany baptism/conversion. This point owes a great deal to an analogy or parallel between the hermeneutical Jew and what I think the author might be willing to call the hermeneutical Alien (stranger to the community) and hermeneutical Racial (the darkskinned ‘‘presence’’ or otherwise racialized presence defined, following recent medieval historiography, according to less somatically obvious distinctions). Finally, to see the past and past texts through these newly aware eyes of the hermeneutical Other is not to condemn the past for its mistakes (‘‘to seek moral reckonings,’’ p. 171), but to ‘‘seek ethical understandings’’ of it. This is a book that one must return to from time to time to elicit its nuggets of insight. It is sometimes a beautiful read, but almost never an easy one. Returning to it, however, can be a genuinely rewarding experience. William Chester Jordan Princeton University Kathy Lavezzo, ed. Imagining a Medieval English Nation. Medieval Cultures 37. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2004. Pp. xxxiv, 356. $68.95 cloth, $24.95 paper. Emphasis must fall on the ‘‘imaginary’’ part of Kathy Lavezzo’s title, since concepts of ‘‘nation’’ and ‘‘nationhood’’ are a good deal less present in this volume than the title would seem to imply. Actually, the commendably headstrong contributors are at their best when they jettison the doubtfully applicable concept of medieval nationhood altogether PAGE 331 331 ................. 11491$ CH13 11-01-10 14:02:40 PS STUDIES IN THE AGE OF CHAUCER and strike out on their own. ‘‘Nation’’ is really only gesturally present, as Aranye Fradenburg pursues her recent interest in the underpinnings of sacrifice (with patria hailed as one of its justifications); when Andrew Galloway considers the contributions of Higden and Walsingham to monastic historiography; when Jill Havens reflects on the Lollards as an imagined community within the realm; when Peggy Knapp asks what ‘‘imagination’’ actually meant in the later Middle Ages—to think only of the first four contributions. Although this collection’s blurb declares it to be ‘‘unusually coherent,’’ I would tend to argue otherwise, in favor of the unruliness of its talented contributors, and their commendably centrifugal offerings, as its greater asset. For all its inner diversity, this collection nevertheless does have a recurrent topic, preliminary or incidental to its stated one, and somewhat more agreeably indigenous to the Middle Ages. This is the subject of ‘‘community,’’ in all its ramifications, and most of the contributors turn to it with evident relief. After pondering the possibility that Higden’s interest in English varietas is itself a form of alienated national consciousness , Galloway turns to Walsingham, whose ‘‘most powerful sections access into his notions of English community’’ (p. 75). Havens observes that the polemic of Lollard texts ‘‘sets up an ideal of an imagined community , united by a belief in the ability of the English language to convey sacred truth’’ (p. 100). Kathleen Davis concerns herself with spatial and temporal disjunctions in Chaucer’s Parliament of Fowls, as they create an ‘‘alogical’’ zone in which various impossibilities can be imagined—a completed poem, a consummated marriage, and a harmonious community. Larry Scanlon’s restorative reassertion of Langland’s political radicalism grounds itself on ideals of community and the ‘‘true commons.’’ In his assertion of parallels between Edward III’s and Langland ’s views of the problems and potentialities of monetary exchange, Vance Smith gesturally invokes the concept of a ‘‘national economy,’’ but is more actively concerned with the contribution of the merchants as a group...

Women’s entry into management: comparing women managers and non‐managers

Examines the hypotheses that high instrumentality, adaptive coping, and low work/family pressure are predictive components of women’s managerial advancement. A profile analysis demonstrated that the managerial profile was characterized by high instrumentality and low relationality accompanied by high adaptive work coping. On the other hand, the non‐managerial profile was characterized by low instrumentality and high relationality accompanied by low adaptive work coping and high maladaptive work coping. A LISREL path analysis was tentatively used to test the causal influence of internal (instrumental and relational) traits, work/family pressure, and coping on women’s managerial advancement. The results showed that the strongest predictor of managerial emergence was the instrumental factor, while work/family pressure and coping style had no impact.