Authority Relations Research Articles

Публично-правовая ответственность: оценка современных взглядов в контексте утверждающегося в конституционной практике инновационного подхода

The postulation of the modern state as legal at the same time means the ability of a citizen to make public legal claims to the government as a whole and its power institutions. In relation to modern Russia, the problem of legally correct (responsible) behavior of the state and the entire system of public authorities in relations with citizens is fundamentally new. For a long time, the prevailing ideology of immunity of the state and other powerful public legal structures from responsibility turns out to be very «tenacious» in relation to new state-legal realities. Accordingly, the problem of responsibility of the state and public authorities for the violation of fundamental human and civil rights and freedoms in the specialized literature is considered mainly in the context of positive legal (political) responsibility outside of protective and coercive tools. It is obvious that overcoming views rooted in theory and practice predetermines the formation of a well-established mechanism of legal responsibility of public authorities in the state legal system as the most important guarantee of constitutional and legal protection (and protection) of fundamental rights and freedoms, countering corrupt behavior of public law officials, and the formation of trust in government institutions in society among the broadest segments of the population. The study of the problem of public liability in this sense is indeed one of the priorities of modern legal science, is a kind of its response to the challenges of the developing constitutional practice of modern Russia.

The Nature of Customer and Bank Protection against Information Technology Based Crime Modes in the Banking Sector

The process of globalization and the rapid development of the financial sector supported by advances in information technology have created a very complex financial system in the banking world. As technology develops, information technology-based banking services such as internet banking and other service supporting technology have become very important. Apart from having a positive impact, information and communication technology (ICT) in the banking sector also creates opportunities for crime to occur (cyber crime). The government has issued regulations to protect customers and banks from criminal acts in the banking sector related to electronic providers, namely in Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. However, the existence of the law in question does not provide legal certainty in the context of protecting customers and banks against technology-based crime modes. This writing examines the mode of information technology-based crime that occurs in the banking sector and the nature of protection for customers and banks in realizing justice. The research method used is a normative legal research type with a statutory approach, conceptual approach and philosophical approach. The findings in this paper are a protection model that includes the bank's responsibility to protect customer data, as well as the involvement of the government and related authorities to prevent and deal with cyber crime with the aim of maintaining public trust and ensuring fairness in banking services.

Tourism for Economic Prosperity in Gandaki Province of Nepal

Tourism is a multidimensional mega industry interconnected with hospitality services and facilities. It generates assorted business connectivity with transportation, accommodation, food and beverage, entertainment, nature, culture and adventure business and facilities. Obviously, tourism has some significant implications over the local economy at community as well as destination level. However, the variance of tourism impacts on various districts and provinces of Nepal mainly depends on the availability and abundance of tourism products, activities and the level of hospitality practices of the destinations. This study, therefore, is an attempt to analyze the potentiality of tourism as an opportunity for economic prosperity in Gandaki Province of Nepal based on the economic contributions of major tourism components of the province. The trend of visitors’ flow, people’s involvement in tourism as entrepreneurs, volume of revenue generation and the number of employment creation are major variants of analysis for this paper. The paper is based on qual-quan method of analysis with partial use of secondary date published from tourism related authorities and organizations whereas a focus group discussion of the leaders of tourism entrepreneurs’ associations and the representations of concerned authorities is the major source of primary information. The study has come up with the finding that there is a huge potentiality of tourism development and an ample opportunity for economic prosperity via tourism in Gandaki province and hence suggested to incorporate tourism in the plans and policies of the province as a crux of development mainly through the involvement of local community, enhancement of village tourism and promotion of adventure tourism activities and products in the province.

FROM TRADITION TO TRANSFORMATION: Decontextualization of Dayah in Aceh's Millennial Context

<p><strong>Abstract</strong>: This study investigates factors contributing to the decontextualisation of <em>dayah</em> as an Islamic educational institution in Aceh. Qualitative research methods, including observation, interviews, and document review, were used to collect data and gain insights into this phenomenon. This study highlights three findings: first, an authoritarian relationship between <em>teungku</em> (Islamic scholars) and students hinders meaningful connection and engagement; second, the use of hierarchical teaching methods further reinforces this disconnection, limiting opportunities for collaboration and active learning; third, outdated facilities present challenges in modernising and adapting <em>dayah</em> institutions. By addressing these factors, <em>dayah</em> institutions can effectively restore their connection with Acehnese youth and foster a comprehensive and contemporary Islamic education. It is recommended that <em>teungku</em> in Aceh integrate technology into their teaching methods, ensuring relevance and appeal to the young generation. This study also shows the need for <em>dayah</em> institutions in Aceh to adapt to the evolving educational landscape and embrace technological advancements. This research contributes to the discourse on educational transformation in Aceh by providing insights into the challenges and potential strategies for revitalizing <em>dayah</em> institutions in the face of a changing educational milieu.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: decontextualization, Islamic traditional learning, dayah, Aceh’s millineal</p>

The specifics and peculiarities of the confessional policy of the Russian Empire in Ossetia in the late XVIII – first half of the XIX centuries

This article is devoted to the study of the characteristic features of the confessional policy of the Russian administration of the North Caucasus on the territory of Ossetia in the late XVIII and the first half of the XIX centuries. The study analyzes the specifi cs of the spread of the Islamic religion in the Ossetian environment, the complex of external factors that contributed to this process, as well as the nature of interaction between Muslim and Christian Alan communities. In this paper, the features of the policy of the Russian authorities in relation to the Islamic and Orthodox communities of Ossetia are investigated. Moreover, the research disclose the role of the personal factor expressed in the various approaches of the governors of the North Caucasus such as A.P. Ermolov and M.S. Vorontsov to the scientifi c problem under consideration.

Positioning and authority construction through translational intertextuality in La Place’s Théâtre Anglois (1745–1749)

ABSTRACT Early modern translations often constituted a way for their authors to actively position themselves in the literary field and to establish their authority. Translators sought to capitalise on their association with renowned agents in the field, especially those involved in the translation process and the author of the source text. In the case of the Théâtre Anglois (1745–1749), the first French anthology of English plays, which is largely devoted to Shakespeare, novice translator Pierre-Antoine de La Place could definitely expect mixed reactions to his association with Shakespeare, and therefore sought to establish relational authority with a model translator and a model translation. He claimed in his preface that he was encouraged to produce a translation of ‘the English theatre’ by the considerable success of Brumoy’s Théâtre des Grecs (1730). This explicit reference activates an intertextual connection between the two translation projects, which is further played out at the paratextual and textual levels. In this article, I propose to examine the strategies implemented by La Place to effect a legitimising association with the Théâtre des Grecs, which was acknowledged and strengthened by numerous critics to the extent that La Place himself came to be regarded as a model translator.

Lessons from Founding a College: A Personal Perspective

“Higher education is in a critical period with a potential for rebalancing of internal and external relations of authority, power and responsibility in higher education governance. An important element in this transition has been a growing policy focus on the contributions of higher education institutions are expected to make to economic growth, job creation and innovation.”‐ Peter Maassen, “A New Social Contract for Higher Education?”

Эмоциональное выгорание и поведение в конфликте специалистов органов опеки и попечительства

<p style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">The article is prepared on the basis of the results of the final qualifying work and is devoted to the study of the relationship between emotional burnout and behavior in conflict among specialists of guardianship and guardianship authorities in relation to minors (hereinafter — OIP). The participants of the empirical study were 78 employees of the Department of Guardianship and Guardianship of the Department of Education of the Omsk City Administration, aged 22 to 65 years (the average age in the test sample is 40.10 ± 9.69 years). The average work experience of the subjects was 12.18 ± 5.41 years. The study was conducted using psychodiagnostic tools: the Thomas-Killman Questionnaire for Identifying Leading Behavior in a conflict situation, the Questionnaire for Professional (Emotional) Burnout (K. Maslach). It is shown that the statistical dependence of the features of emotional burnout with patterns of behavior in conflict is insignificant. The stage of emotional burnout — “emotional exhaustion” significantly correlates with the scale of behavior in conflict “compromise”. For the other two scales characterizing the stages of emotional burnout, there were no significant correlations with the characteristics of behavior in conflict situations.</span></p>

LOCAL GOVERNMENT ISSUES AFTER THE ENACTMENT OF LAW 11 OF 2020 ON JOB CREATION

With the enactment of Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, it provides new regulations regarding the division of authority between levels of government. There are several administrations of government affairs which were previously part of the authority of the Regency/City and later became the authority of the State. The administration of government consists of the implementation of mandatory government and the implementation of elective government which is divided between the central government, provincial regions and regency/municipal regions. Mandatory Government Affairs are divided into Mandatory Government Affairs relating to Basic Services and Mandatory Government Affairs which are not related to Basic Services. The relationship of authority between the Central Government and Regional Governments in the system of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia gave rise to the concepts of centralization and decentralization. The implementation of Regional Autonomy after the existence of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation took over the authority of the regional government, the authority of the Regional Government carried out by the Central Government can affect the existing government system in the region. Adjusted to the administration of government in the implementation of regional autonomy, this can affect local revenue which can have a negative impact on the area.

Ghana's basic education Headteacher leadership: critical discourse analysis of the Headteachers’ handbook

ABSTRACT The Ghana Education Service created the Headteachers' Handbook, a policy document that outlines Headteacher leadership practices. A recent review of Ghana's basic education Headteacher Leadership literature reported that these practices align within a hierarchy-horizontal leadership framework and are enacted within predetermined boundaries specific to the context. Therefore, this paper examined the Handbook's Forward, Introduction, Managing Your School, and Improving the Quality of Learning sections using Fairclough's (2001. Language and Power. 2nd ed. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education) three-stage approach to critical discourse analysis to identify how leadership is constructed and produced. The study shows that the Handbook constructs Headteacher leadership through relational authority, producing responsibilization, accountability, obligations and constraint roles. As such, Headteachers have discourse constraints and limitations when enacting leadership through this predetermined discourse. This paper provides a point of reference for present and potential researchers and Headteachers to theorize about the future of Headteacher leadership in Ghana.

Towards Effective and Fair Fisheries Law Enforcement: Efforts To Strengthen The Principle of Legal Certainty

This research discusses the authority to adjudicate fisheries criminal cases in the Republic of Indonesia State Fisheries Management area (WPPNRI) and the regulatory concept based on the principle of legal certainty. This research aims to analyze and discover the nature of the authority and regulatory concept for adjudicating fisheries criminal cases in Indonesia based on the principle of legal certainty. The method used in this research is a normative legal method using data collection techniques through literature study which are then analyzed through step-by-step descriptions of legal interpretation, systematization, evaluation, and legal argumentation. The research results show that the authority to adjudicate fisheries criminal cases at WPPNRI is absolute (absolute competence or attribution) to accept and decide fisheries disputes, and has relative authority (distribution or relative) based on the general court area. This regulatory concept is proposed by reconstructing Article 106 of the Fisheries Law so that the fisheries court becomes the only institution adjudicating fisheries cases. Establishing a fisheries court in each province is expected to end the dualism of authority and create legal certainty. Therefore, it's necessary to reconstruct Article 106 of the Fisheries Law by increasing the number of special fisheries courts, practitioners, and law enforcers to increase synergy between investigators and fisheries supervisors to protect fish resources and ensure their benefits for the welfare of the Indonesian people.

Why do Students Stay Still? The Functions of Authority Relations and Intersubjectivity in Disaster Situations

Why do Students Stay Still? The Functions of Authority Relations and Intersubjectivity in Disaster Situations

Kewenangan Mengadili Lembaga Peradilan di Indonesia Dan Titik Singgung Pengadilan Umum Dengan Pengadilan Agama

The court as an officially legitimate (legitimate) state institution is given the authority to examine, adjudicate, decide and resolve every dispute submitted to it. The Court's authority, practical and theoretical, is divided into two, namely absolute authority (absolute competency) and relative authority (relative competency, jurisdiction). The method used is literature review, which is a systematic, explicit and reproducible method for identifying, evaluating and synthesizing research works and ideas that have been produced by researchers and practitioners. The type of research that researchers used in preparing this article is research. Qualitative, this kind of research is descriptive and tends to use analysis with an inductive approach. This type of qualitative research is in the form of library research. As far as current practical experience is concerned, the authority of district courts and religious courts often experiences points of contact. Apart from historical factors, incomplete factors and lack of clear explanations in the law give rise to different interpretations regarding the authorities in certain cases. Moreover, the absolute authority of religious courts is based on the principle of Islamic personality, which means that submission to the provisions of Islamic law is the basis for the legitimacy of the authority of religious courts in certain cases. Submission to Islamic provisions as the basis for the meaning of Islamic personality no longer only means formal Muslims (based on legal identity), but also non-Muslims who submit themselves to the provisions of Islamic law. Below are several points regarding the authority of the District Court and the Religious Court.

Keeping the Iron Cage from Closing: How clashes over shared principles elicit collective authoring

When less hierarchical organizations attempt to avoid positional authority and rely more on the authority of shared principles, they are challenged to balance a relative open-endedness and sufficient consensus of those principles. However, situations inevitably arise when assertions about the principles clash, disturbing the sense of collective sharing of principles and so triggering tendencies to make the principles more rigid or default to positional rule. This paper explores how internal collective dialogue unfolds in such situations in the central online channels of three mid-sized Nordic software consultancies aspiring for less hierarchical, principles-based organizing. Our research reveals the emergence of “collective authoring”—peripheral participation that reacts to the distress stirred by the clash. The collective responds with tension-mediating remarks and, most markedly, with a polyphony of inquiries and musings that are attentive to what is unfolding but not stubbornly fortified with either side of the clash. We discover how this collective dialogue comes to embed the initial clash with the iteratively maturing and saturating soundscape of deliberations, gradually invoking a tacit sense of the collective understanding of the issue on the channels. The dialogues persist until the most acute sense of distress over the sharing of principles seems to dissolve. We discuss how our findings, by illuminating the role of “the collective,” contribute to the extant conceptions of relational authority and less hierarchical organizing.

The Elimination of Rupture: Social Authority's Attempt to Transcend Binary Distinctions

As a representative work of Coleman's theory of rational action, "Foundations of Social Theory" contains Coleman's ideological intention of building a bridge between the macro and the micro, in which the theory of social authority, as an integral part of the theory of rational action, is also an attempt to construct the micro-macro dichotomy in the generation of its authority relationship and authority system. Therefore, based on the methodology and research framework of Coleman's rational action theory system, we select the authority idea of the book "The Foundations of Social Theory" as the object of exposition, and try to comprehensively discuss Coleman's social authority idea through analyzing its middle-level theory of social authority from the aspects of foundation of social authority theory, the granting of authority, the social performance of authority and the overall characteristics of Coleman's social authority thoughts. It seeks to reveal Coleman's attempt to transcend the binary distinction between micro and macro at the authority level.

Anthropozoonotic parasitoses of dogs and cats in the urban ecosystem of Vladivostok, Russia

To investigate the role of domestic dogs and cats in the spread of parasitoses in the Vladivostok urban ecosystem. Biological materials from 782 dogs and 189 cats were used in the research, which were examined by methods of complete parasitological autopsy, microscopy and flotation of faecal samples using saturated solutions of zinc sulfate and sodium nitrate.Fourteen parasite taxa have been identified: nematodes (Nematoda) Ancylostoma caninum, Dirofilaria immitis, Toxascaris leonina, Toxocara canis, T. mystax, Uncinaria stenocephala, Taenia sp., T. hydatigena; tapeworms (Cestoda) Diphyllobothrium latum, Dipylidium caninum, Hydatigera taeniaeformis; flukes (Trematoda) Metagonimus sp.; and parasitic alveolates (Conoidasida) Cystoisospora sp., C. felis. The paper presents the values of the prevalence of infection and statistical reliability of their differences for different groups of animals, depending on gender and age. Nematodes were the core taxa of the parasitofauna identified. Explanations for the results obtained are offered and possible sources of human infection are described. Despite the fact that parasitic‐faunal complexes in the ecosystem of a modern city are much less branched and represented by fewer species than in the wild, there remains a high risk of human infection with zoonotic parasites in urban biocenoses due to the high level of intensive population interactions. Therefore, there is a requirement of high alertness of supervisory authorities in relation to anthropozoonotic parasitoses in an urban environment.

Significance and the Use of Legumes in Developing Weaning Foods With a Balanced Nutrition—A Review

ABSTRACTWeaning is a crucial stage in an infant's development when they gradually move from being breastfed to receiving complementary foods. The typical age for introducing weaning foods is 4–6 months. This period is often characterized by rapid weight gain, so proper nutrition essential for optimal growth and development. Foods with a balanced nutrition are very important for regulating metabolism for healthy growth of children. Cereal grains and legumes have a major role in both commercial and homemade weaning foods. In developing countries, cereals and legumes are the optimal choices for producing nutrient‐dense, high‐protein, and high‐energy weaning foods. It is crucial to research and develop composite legume blends for their expanded utilization as weaning foods. Understanding the importance of complementary foods and introducing them appropriately are critical to the health and development of the infant. Furthermore, fortification and supplementation with minerals and vitamins can play a vital role in such foods. This article provides an overview of recommendations made by health authorities in relation to the onset of weaning, types/combination of foods, and infant dietary requirements and highlights the importance of including legumes in the weaning diet to address nutrient deficiencies, particularly in regions with high rates of malnutrition.

Democratizing the Access of Romanian Investors to Trading Financial Instruments through Specialized Platforms

By writing this paper, we aim to follow the evolution of Romanian retail investors’ access to trading financial instruments and cryptocurrencies through online platforms or specialized applications. We will follow the historical evolution of the participation of Romanian retail investors in trading on the capital market, the way in which access to trading is achieved, focusing in particular on the impact brought by the emergence of online platforms and mobile applications on the field. We will analyze the increase in the number of individuals using these specialized trading platforms, the cost of trading, but also the impact that this wave of new investors has generated on the prices of financial instruments and cryptocurrencies traded. We will also follow the reaction of the financial supervisory authorities in relation to the phenomenon, on a wider European and American level. Last but not least, we will also analyze the recent reaction of the Romanian legislator to this new reality as well as the simplification attempts from the point of view of the declaration of taxable income resulting from the trading of financial instruments, indicating the financial advantages and disadvantages generated by the current legislation for the Romanian investor, natural person.

Geomedia Perspectives for Multiple Futures in Tourism Development

This article draws on five participatory action research studies to address how geomedia theory can induce multiple imaginations of the future. Critical future research advocates that societies need to collectively create visions of multiple futures, transcending the single rational (neoliberal) future path. The studies were conducted in collaboration with rural communities and local tourism entrepreneurs who were exploring geomedia technologies to develop destinations. The tourism sector uses geomedia technologies but often depends on commercial platforms that seek upscaling and generalisation, becoming detached from local practices and place-specific settings. By applying critical geomedia studies, we problematised the relationship between people, place, and technology in the present, the past, and the future. Geomedia studies provided a critical lens that provoked future visions beyond preformatted technological infrastructures and media practices. The participants were asked to engage with complex issues such as access, restrictions, equality, authority, and legitimacy in relation to the specific place, bringing forth a multitude of local assets and narratives envisioning alternative geomedia technologies. As a result of this process, participants paid greater attention to local assets, gained a more critical approach towards technology, and dared to use digital solutions in a more visionary manner. We, therefore, argue that researchers need to engage with society to bypass hegemonic geomedia representations. By illustrating how geomedia theory can be utilised within community development, we provide a framework for how collaborative research can more explicitly engage with local actors’ thoughts and imaginings of possible futures.

The coloniality of power in Uganda's Nakivale Refugee Settlement: struggling for humanitarian authority amidst the 2018 corruption scandal.

This paper addresses the complexity of studying the coloniality of humanitarianism and present-day relationships of power and authority in refugee settings. Building on 13 months of fieldwork, it presents an ethnographic account of the 2018 refugee corruption scandal in Uganda and the Nakivale Refugee Settlement. The core of this paper's argument is based on a grounded analysis of how 'the saga' not only exposed corruptive practices in the country's refugee programme, but also the meanings of being 'human' and what this implies for making claims to humanitarian authority. The paper asserts that the way in which the scandal unravelled in the (inter)national media, and how it affected sociopolitical tensions in the camp, revealed a deeply fraught conception of both human and humanitarian duality, embedded in a coloniality of power. Ultimately, power imbalances, frictions, and conflicts between national, international, and refugee actors highlighted a deep-rooted and historical struggle for humanity and legitimate humanitarian authority.