Related Websites Research Articles

Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of frailty: A systematic review.

To systematically search for clinical practice guidelines focusing on the prevention and management of frailty, to evaluate their methodological quality and to synthesize the consensus recommendations. A systematic review. Guideline websites, related professional association websites and electronic databases were systematically searched through 4November 2020. We evaluated the methodological quality of the eligible guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II). Two reviewers synthesized the consensus recommendations proposed by at least two guidelines. Eight guidelines met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. The mean scores of the six domains were as follows: the 'scope and purpose' domain scored 88.0%, the 'clarity of presentation' domain scored 81.9%, the 'stakeholder involvement' domain scored 63.4%, the 'editorial independence' domain scored 62.2%, the 'rigour of development' domain scored 61.1% and the 'applicability' domain scored 57.8%. In total, we synthesized 23 recommendations for the prevention and management of frailty that are consistent among the included guidelines. The number of clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of frailty is limited. The methodological quality of existing guidelines needs to be improved. Our synthesized findings provide an intuitive, convenient and summative reference resource for frailty prevention and management. It' is worth noting that recommendations described in the included guidelines require additional detail. Although the prevention and management of frailty is urgent, there is currently a lack of evidences guiding these processes, especially in the prevention. The methodological quality of existing guidelines is insufficient, and the recommendations described in the guidelines require additional detail. Therefore, users of these guidelines, especially nurses, should make a careful decision according to the specific situation when using. Nurses also have a key role in providing more clinical evidences for the improvement of the quality of the guidelines.

RETURN ON EQUITY, DEBT TO TOTAL ASSET RATIO, AND COMPANY VALUE

This study aimed to determine the effect of Return on Equity (ROE) and Debt to Total Asset Ratio (DAR) on Firm Value in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia’s Stock Exchange 2015-2019, both partially and simultaneously. The research was categorized as an associative research by using. 179 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) as a population. The sample obtained from 63 companies were selected using purposive sampling technique. The data in this study are secondary data obtained through the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) and related company websites then being analyzed with multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, autocorrelation test, multiple linear regression test, and normality test. The results showed that the Return on Equity (ROE) has a positive effect on Firm Value, Debt to Total Asset Ratio (DAR) has no significant effect on firm value, and Return on Equity (ROE) & Debt to Total Asset Ratio (DAR) has affect on firm value.
 
 Keywords: ROE, DAR, Book Value.

A study on the implementation approaches of University Incubation Centres to reinforce entrepreneurship - taking the example of Singapore

Abstract Purpose This study deals with missions, significant policies, operational approaches, and training programs learned from Singapore's experiences, thus contributing to a more profound knowledge of entrepreneurship in order to establish suggestions and boost the implementation of entrepreneurship and incubator business, particularly in universities in Indonesia. This study purposes to understand in-depth the practical implementation approaches of university incubation centres to facilitate entrepreneurship in Singapore. Insights were obtaining following a literature review approach. Design/methodology/approach Data for this study were collected from a variety of sources, including government documents, university reports, global related entrepreneurship research websites (GEI, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor [GEM], 2019), and related journals (e.g., Entrepreneurship, Incubators, and University Incubators). Findings Synthetically, incubation centres possess the following primary missions: (1) they integrate professionals in various fields to promote industry partnerships and engagement; (2) they provide training to new entrepreneurs for achievement enhancement, mainly to help them acquire missing business knowledge; (3) they encourage start-ups to engage with one another in the culture of incubators, to enlist more people to join in supporting and expanding the society; (4) they commercialise intellectual properties and promote the commercialisation of inventions and innovations for the future market; (5) they bridge academic professors with industry entrepreneurs for technology upgrades and business transformation. To summarise, University Incubation Centres in Indonesia should strive to emulate the best practices of some Singaporean universities and do everything possible to help their tenants accelerate their entrepreneurial processes. In order to be competitive, an incubator must extend its network and partner with successful industries, funding agencies, industries, and universities.

Pengaruh Keputusan Investasi, Keputusan Pendanaan Dan Kebijakan Deviden Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (Studi Empiris Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2015-2019)

This study aims to see the effect of investment decisions, dividend decisions and policies on firm value. In this study, company value is measured by PBV, investment decisions as measured by PER, decisions measured by DER and dividend policy as measured by the DPR. This type of research is secondary data from annual reports of manufacturing companies listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange, and has been published, such as: data from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), journals, internet www.idx.co.id and related company websites. The population in this study were manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019, with the total number of food and beverage manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange as many as 14 companies, so for sample selection all populations were sampled. The analytical method used is multiple linear analysis using SPSS.22 data processing. The results of this study are the effect of positive decisions on firm value, no influence on decisions on firm value, no influence on dividend policy on firm value and investment decisions, funding decisions and policies that simultaneously do not affect firm value.

Review of Technology-Supported Multimodal Solutions for People with Dementia.

The number of people living with dementia in the world is rising at an unprecedented rate, and no country will be spared. Furthermore, neither decisive treatment nor effective medicines have yet become effective. One potential alternative to this emerging challenge is utilizing supportive technologies and services that not only assist people with dementia to do their daily activities safely and independently, but also reduce the overwhelming pressure on their caregivers. Thus, for this study, a systematic literature review is conducted in an attempt to gain an overview of the latest findings in this field of study and to address some commercially available supportive technologies and services that have potential application for people living with dementia. To this end, 30 potential supportive technologies and 15 active supportive services are identified from the literature and related websites. The technologies and services are classified into different classes and subclasses (according to their functionalities, capabilities, and features) aiming to facilitate their understanding and evaluation. The results of this work are aimed as a base for designing, integrating, developing, adapting, and customizing potential multimodal solutions for the specific needs of vulnerable people of our societies, such as those who suffer from different degrees of dementia.

Content Management Systems Performance and Compliance Assessment Based on a Data-Driven Search Engine Optimization Methodology

While digitalization of cultural organizations is in full swing and growth, it is common knowledge that websites can be used as a beacon to expand the awareness and consideration of their services on the Web. Nevertheless, recent research results indicate the managerial difficulties in deploying strategies for expanding the discoverability, visibility, and accessibility of these websites. In this paper, a three-stage data-driven Search Engine Optimization schema is proposed to assess the performance of Libraries, Archives, and Museums websites (LAMs), thus helping administrators expand their discoverability, visibility, and accessibility within the Web realm. To do so, the authors examine the performance of 341 related websites from all over the world based on three different factors, Content Curation, Speed, and Security. In the first stage, a statistically reliable and consistent assessment schema for evaluating the SEO performance of LAMs websites through the integration of more than 30 variables is presented. Subsequently, the second stage involves a descriptive data summarization for initial performance estimations of the examined websites in each factor is taking place. In the third stage, predictive regression models are developed to understand and compare the SEO performance of three different Content Management Systems, namely the Drupal, WordPress, and custom approaches, that LAMs websites have adopted. The results of this study constitute a solid stepping-stone both for practitioners and researchers to adopt and improve such methods that focus on end-users and boost organizational structures and culture that relied on data-driven approaches for expanding the visibility of LAMs services.

ANALISIS NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN CONSUMER AND GOODS INDUSTRY BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

Abstract 
 Firm value is a term used to indicate the company’s financial condition in order to determine its future sustainability. There ase several factors that can affect firm value, namely capital structure, company growth, and profitability. This study aims to determine the effect of capital structure (DER), company growth (Assets Growth), and profitability (ROE) on firm value (PBV). Also, this study will also analyze the capital structure (DER) and company growth (Assets Growth) on profitability (ROE) in Consumer and Goods Industry companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this study are the Consumer and Goods Industry companies listed on the IDX for the periode 2017 – 2019. The sample in this study was determined by purposive sampling, so 47 companies were obtained from 58 Consumer and Goods Industry companier listed on the IDX. The type of data used is secondary data from www.idx.co.id and related company websites. The data analysis method uses is the path analysis method using the SPSS program. 
 
 Keywords: DER, Assets Growth, ROE, PBV

The Effect of IFRS Application, Stock Price Volatility, and Fundamental Variables on Jakarta Islamic Index

The movement of the Islamic capital market in recent years is still far from its true potential. Therefore, various researches on Islamic economics are needed to further encourage existing developments. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of IFRS implementation, Stock Price Volatility, Book to Market, Dividend Yield, and Ownership Structure on Stock Returns. The population of this study is companies registered in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) in 2015 - 2018. The sampling method used was purposive sampling and obtained a sample of 14 companies. The data used are the company's annual financial statements that have been audited and published on the Indonesia Stock Exchange website and related company websites, as well as stock trading data obtained through the Yahoo Finance website. The data is processed and analyzed by using multiple linear regression statistical test models and SPSS Version 23 as a tool. The results of this study indicate that partially the Volatility of Stock Prices, Book to Market and Dividend Yield has a significant effect on Stock Returns, while the application of IFRS and Ownership Structure does not affect earnings management practices. Meanwhile, jointly applying IFRS, Stock Price Volatility, Book to Market, Dividend Yield, and Ownership Structure has a significant effect on Stock Returns. This journal discusses the relationship of financial factors to Islamic stocks, where these factors include IFRS, Volatility, and other fundamental variables.

Analisis Harga Saham Syariah di Indonesia: Ketidakpastian Kebijakan, Harga Minyak Dunia dan Harga Emas

This study aims to determine the effect of US Economic Policy Uncertainty, Singapore Economic Policy Uncertainty, Oil Price, and Gold Price on the Shariah Stock Price in Indonesia. The data used are secondary monthly time series data from 2009M1 to 2019M12 which is obtained from related website. This study used multiple linear regression analyis model with the OLS (Ordinary Least Square) method to determine how the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The results of this study incicated that simultaneously, US Economic Policy Uncertainty, Singapore Economic Policy Uncertainty, Oil Price, and Gold Price have a significant influence on the Shariah Stock Price in Indonesia. Furthermore, partialy: (1) US Economic Policy Uncertainty has a negative and significant effect on the Shariah Stock Price in Indonesia; (2) Singapore Economic Policy Uncertainty has a positive and insignificant effect on the Shariah Stock Price in Indonesia; (3) the oil price has a negative and significant effect on the Shariah Stock Price in Indonesia; (4) the gold price has a positive and significant effect on the Shariah Stock Price in Indonesia.

Breast Cancer Management during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Literature Review

Introduction Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer found in women. The World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a public health emergency of international concern. Delaying treatment was associated with mortality. The aim is to evaluate breast cancer management during the pandemic. Methods We searched articles evaluating the management of breast cancer in the midst of COVID-19 outbreak, by searching in PubMed, PubMed Central, and Oncology Society related websites. We only included articles discussing adult breast cancer management in COVID-19 era. The two reviewers screened the titles and abstracts. Results Around 124 articles were found through the searching process. Eight observational trials, two review articles, six guidelines or recommendations, and one letter to the editor were included in final review. It was concluded that breast cancer posed a risk to contract COVID-19. Newly suspected breast cancer could be deferred for screening or diagnosis, except for special breast cancer cases with bleeding, invasive, and complicated tumors. The benefit of radiotherapy option in every case should be carefully weighed against the risk of infection. Oral chemotherapy and hormonal therapy drugs were preferred to be given than intravenous chemotherapy. The scheduled chemotherapy could be adjusted to reduce hospital visit. Each breast cancer patient is different, so they should be discussed in multidisciplinary team consisting of surgical, radiation, and medical oncologists, pathologist, radiologist, palliative care people, nurses, nutritionist, and others related to the field. Conclusion The International Oncology Society has released recommendations for breast cancer during COVID-19 pandemic but there is still questionable-quality evidence.

ANALYSIS OF YOUTUBE VIDEOS ON PULMONARY REHABILITATION IN COVID-19

Introduction: YouTube is a popular social media platform frequently searched by online users for retrieving health-related information. Pulmonary rehabilitation programs have an important place in the COVID-19 treatment protocols. The aim of this study was to evaluate COVID-19 pulmonary rehabilitation videos on YouTube.
 Methods: A total of 180 videos tagged with the search terms “COVID-19 pulmonary rehabilitation”, “COVID-19 pulmonary exercise” and “COVID-19 pulmonary physiotherapy” were retrieved. Of these, 63 videos met the study inclusion criteria. The Global Quality Scale (GQS) and the modified DISCERN tool were performed for quality and reliability assessments. Duration of video, upload date, number of views, likes, dislikes, and comments were recorded. Video sources were determined.
 Results: Of the total 63 videos, 22 (34.9%) were classified in the high-quality group, 19 (30.2%) intermediate quality group, and 22 (34.9%) low quality group. The main sources of the high-quality videos were universities and physicians. Others, patients, independent users and health related websites produced high rates of low-quality videos. No significant difference was detected in views, likes, dislikes, and comments per day between the quality groups (p > 0.05).
 Conclusion: Numbers of high, intermediate and low-quality videos were very close to each other. It is necessary to consider the video sources in order to find videos that contains accurate information. Video parameters other than sources should not be considered as quality indicators.

Pengaruh Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitas, Kualitas Audit, dan Komite Audit terhadap Manajemen Laba

This test is conducted in order to analyze and test the leverage, company size, profitability, and audit quality, and the audit committee in influencing earnings management. This research is sourced from an annual report from a manufacturing company on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Starting from 2015 to 2018. Samples taken by researchers there are certain criteria in order to obtain more representative data. So that a total sample of 327 manufacturing companies was obtained during the study period. Researchers used secondary data, the data obtained through the site www.idx.co.id, www.sahamok.com, and several related company websites. This data analysis tool uses multiple linear regression. The end of this test includes evidence in the form of leverage and audit committee which has a positive and significant effect on earnings management, while company size, profitability and audit quality have no effect on earnings management.

Iterated Greedy Algorithms for Flow-Shop Scheduling Problems: A Tutorial

An iterated greedy algorithm (IGA) is a simple and powerful heuristic algorithm. It is widely used to solve flow-shop scheduling problems (FSPs), an important branch of production scheduling problems. IGA was first developed to solve an FSP in 2007. Since then, various FSPs have been tackled by using IGA-based methods, including basic IGA, its variants, and hybrid algorithms with IGA integrated. Up until now, over 100 articles related to this field have been published. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no existing tutorial or review paper of IGA. Thus, we focus on FSPs and provide a tutorial and comprehensive literature review of IGA-based methods. First, we introduce a framework of basic IGA and give an example to clearly show its procedure. To help researchers and engineers learn and apply IGA to their FSPs, we provide an open platform to collect and share related materials. Then, we make classifications of the solved FSPs according to their scheduling scenarios, objective functions, and constraints. Next, we classify and introduce the specific methods and strategies used in each phase of IGA for FSPs. Besides, we summarize IGA variants and hybrid algorithms with IGA integrated, respectively. Finally, we discuss the current IGA-based methods and already-solved FSP instances, as well as some important future research directions according to their deficiency and open issues. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Note to Practitioners</i> —Many practical scheduling problems can be transformed into flow-shop scheduling problems (FSPs), most of which are NP-hard. In order to solve them in an industrial system setting, designing effective heuristics is important and practically useful and has, thus, attracted much attention from both researchers and engineers. As an easy and high-performance heuristic, an iterated greedy algorithm (IGA) is widely used and adapted to solve numerous FSPs. Its simple framework makes it easy to be implemented by practitioners, and its high performance implies its great potential to solve industrial scheduling problems. In this work, we aim to give practitioners a comprehensive overview of IGA and help them apply IGA to solve their particular industrial scheduling problems. We review the papers that solve FSPs with IGA-based methods, including basic IGA, its variants, and hybrid algorithms with IGA integrated. First, we provide practitioners with a tutorial on IGA, where an example for solving an FSP is introduced and an open platform is constructed. The platform collects and shares the related materials, e.g., open-source code, benchmarks, and website links of important papers. Then, we introduce various FSPs and specific designs of IGA-based methods. Finally, we discuss the current research and point out future research issues.

Analysis the effect of market anomalies and growth options on stock return

در بازارهای مالی اثر هر یک از ناهنجاری‌های سودآوری، درماندگی مالی، بخت‌آزمایی و ریسک غیر سیستماتیک بر بازده سهام به‌تنهایی بررسی شده است. اما ارتباط احتمالی آن‌ها نامشخص است. به‌تازگی این ادعا مطرح‌شده است که فرصت‌های رشد بر تقارن تابع توزیع بازده اثر می‌گذارد و قادر است این ارتباط احتمالی و صرف ریسک ناشی از این ناهنجاری‌ها را توضیح دهد. در این پژوهش با استفاده از خواص آماری حاکم بر گشتاور مرتبه سوم تابع توزیع بازده و با جداسازی چولگی ویژه مورد انتظار ناشی از فرصت‌های رشد این ارتباط بررسی شده است. بدین منظور داده‌های 114 شرکت پذیرفته‌شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران با رویکرد حذف سیستماتیک، بین سال‌های 1390 تا 1396 جمع‌آوری شد. فرضیه‌های پژوهش با استفاده از رویکرد سبد بندی و ارزیابی آلفای برخی مدل‌های عاملی آزمون شد. شواهد نشان می‌دهد بین سودآوری، درماندگی مالی، بخت‌آزمایی و ریسک غیر سیستماتیک با بازده آتی رابطه وجود دارد؛ اما مدل‌های مرسوم قیمت‌گذاری دارایی‌های سرمایه‌ای توانایی تبیین صرف ناشی از ناهنجاری‌های مذکور را ندارد. این شواهد به‌صورت غیرمستقیم مؤید وجود معمای سودآوری، بخت‌آزمایی و ریسک غیر سیستماتیک در بازار سرمایه ایران است و نشان می‌دهد سرمایه‌گذاران با گزینش راهبرد سرمایه‌گذاری مبتنی بر این ناهنجاری‌ها می‌توانند بازده متفاوتی داشته باشند.

Dispute Resolution of Islamic Financial Institutions, Court Litigation and Negotiation

Dispute resolution in the Islamic financial sector is one of the current debates among regulators and Sharia scholars. When Islamic financial institutions have a dispute with their customers, have to search for a solution. The first step for the Islamic financial institutions for resolving the dispute is to start negotiation with their clients. Islamic financial institution negotiates with the client through Shariah supervisory committee members. Sharia scholars of the committee are experts in Shariah law. These Shariah members have an excellent reputation and well-known in society. Hence, the negotiation starts with the client resolving the dispute in order to not go to court. The advantages of the negotiation are taking less cost and less time and it is confidential which is very important for the Islamic financial institution. However, the decision that is reached by negotiation maybe not binding on the parties which consider a disadvantage of the negotiation method. If the parties could not resolve the dispute by negotiation, then the case will go to court. Most of the courts either based on the civil or common law system. Therefore, the decision made by these courts maybe not the right decision as the judges decide on the Shariah case according to civil or common law. Despite the court process take long time and is costly, but the decision that is made by the court is binding on the institution and the client. Some countries decide on Islamic financial legal cases in Shariah courts, such as the Kingdom of Bahrain. In a country like the UK, the decision on the Islamic financial cases will be under the English law system. Therefore, the Bahraini approach is an ideal solution, and the Malaysian approach is one of the best solutions, as the court refers to Shariah Advisory Council when the case is about Islamic finance. Purpose of This Paper: This paper purposes to observe the dispute resolution of Islamic financial legal cases and find solutions for the disputes between the Islamic financial institutions and their customer according to the current legal system in the world. Research Method: This research applies a qualitative descriptive method and analysis legal cases related to Islamic finance. the researcher describes the dispute resolution of Islamic financial institutions and then analyses the result of the research. The data collection for this research is from primary and secondary sources. Thus, court cases, books, journals, and related websites are the main source for data collection for this study. Findings: It is found that the current legal court system in many countries is not proper for resolving issues that arise between Islamic financial institutions and their clients. Thus, dispute resolution in the Islamic financial industry needs to be resolved by negotiation and mediation between the Islamic financial institutions and their customers. Furthermore, the courts have crucial rules in resolving these issues. However, lack of the Shariah courts in many countries in the world makes civil or common law courts decide on the issues, which judges are appointed on these courts do not have Shariah background. Keywords: Dispute resolution, Civil law court, Common law court, Negotiation, and Court litigation. DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/90-04 Publication date: March 31 st 2021

'Don't ask me, ask the horse': Evaluating resource-based learning

This study focuses on a resource-based learning unit, the ‘Chinese Idioms Cocktail’ and the results of its evaluation at a primary school in Hong Kong. The ‘Chinese Idioms Cocktail’ unit utilises a self-designed PowerPoint presentation with the “True or False” game, cartoon film show, worksheets, 80 thematic printed materials on Chinese idioms, an idioms dictionary and encyclopedia and 10 related websites. The unit was carried out in the library. The authors argue that all library programs should be routinely evaluated to assess their effectiveness and to identify areas that can be improved. The results indicated that all of the resources contributed to the successful completion of the unit, although there were some areas that could be improved.

A Panel Data Analysis of Stock Returns and Accounting Information in Indian Paint Industry

The accounting ratios and published financial information serve as a critical tool for investors, creditors, and other stakeholders to ascertain companies' profitability, control, and financial status, which may significantly impact the Stock returns and performance on exchanges. This paper aims to examine whether crucial accounting information affects the price of paint companies in India. In this paper, nine-years (2012-2020) accounting ratios such as returns on asset, equity, and cash cycles for the five listed paint companies in India as explanatory (independent) variables to estimate stock returns. Secondary data is collected chronologically and at a regular yearly frequency. Variables data are derived from the company’s financial statements, Stock Exchange and related website. The study aims to assess and elaborate these accounting ratios effectiveness to substantiate the stock returns of these listed companies. The study uses three-panel data models, the pooled OLS, fixed and random effects, to assess stock returns for the cross-sectional data of these five paint companies. This research indicates that accounting information is significant and positively affects the price of Paint company stock returns on the stock exchange. Both Fixed and Random effect model found to fit the data, significance level of 0.05 (Fixed (FE) at F= 6.3625, p&lt;0.000 and R2 of 0.5462, i.e., fixed effect elaborates for about 55% of the return variance. Random effect at F=10.8647 and p&lt;0.000 and R2 of 0.4429, i.e., elaborates for about 44% of stock return variance. Based on the Hausman data test alternative hypothesis is found to be consistent and therefore Random Effect (RE) model is being used to conclude the findings. The paper's fundamental limitation includes use of limited regressors, companies, and time period. A further qualitative analysis together with other accounting performance indicators as regressors may be included in future studies. These ratios include interest coverage, debt ratios, effective tax rates, asset turnover ratios, dividend distribution ratios, sustainable growth, and top line revenue growth.

A Panel Data Analysis of Stock Returns and Accounting Information in Indian Paint Industry

The accounting ratios and published financial information serve as a critical tool for investors, creditors, and other stakeholders to ascertain companies' profitability, control, and financial status, which may significantly impact the Stock returns and performance on exchanges. This paper aims to examine whether crucial accounting information affects the price of paint companies in India. In this paper, nine-years (2012-2020) accounting ratios such as returns on asset, equity, and cash cycles for the five listed paint companies in India as explanatory (independent) variables to estimate stock returns. Secondary data is collected chronologically and at a regular yearly frequency. Variables data are derived from the company’s financial statements, Stock Exchange and related website. The study aims to assess and elaborate these accounting ratios effectiveness to substantiate the stock returns of these listed companies. The study uses three-panel data models, the pooled OLS, fixed and random effects, to assess stock returns for the cross-sectional data of these five paint companies. This research indicates that accounting information is significant and positively affects the price of Paint company stock returns on the stock exchange. Both Fixed and Random effect model found to fit the data, significance level of 0.05 (Fixed (FE) at F= 6.3625, p<0.000 and R2 of 0.5462, i.e., fixed effect elaborates for about 55% of the return variance. Random effect at F=10.8647 and p<0.000 and R2 of 0.4429, i.e., elaborates for about 44% of stock return variance. Based on the Hausman data test alternative hypothesis is found to be consistent and therefore Random Effect (RE) model is being used to conclude the findings. The paper's fundamental limitation includes use of limited regressors, companies, and time period. A further qualitative analysis together with other accounting performance indicators as regressors may be included in future studies. These ratios include interest coverage, debt ratios, effective tax rates, asset turnover ratios, dividend distribution ratios, sustainable growth, and top line revenue growth.

Optimising the use of antimicrobial medicines in Sudan

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been a priority area identified by the Government of Sudan and development partners. This paper is part of a study in Sudan using the available documents covering relevant fields pertaining to AMR and interviews with key informants from World Health Organization (WHO) office Sudan, Federal Ministry of Health and other relevant entities. Documents were obtained from related websites for policies, strategies, guidelines, reports, and plans as well relevant international and government agencies in Khartoum. The study was guided by the WHO’s five strategic objectives of Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance. This paper focuses on the fourth objective on optimising the use of antimicrobial medicines in human health and animal health. The study revealed the presence of numerous policies and guidelines on antibiotic use and generic prescribing at different levels with little evidence of their implementation. There were a lack of supervisory or monitoring systems to ensure proper and rational prescribing, and appropriate dispensing of antimicrobials in both public and private sectors. The system is weakened due to low capacity for monitoring and checking as a result of limited resources both in terms of human resources, skills, tools and quality checks to ensure the quality of medicines post-marketing. There is a need to set up a quality management system within the existing structures for the distribution, prescription and dispensing of antibiotics in both public and private institutions. The system should clearly define the processes and provide adequate resources to ensure appropriate monitoring and control of antibiotic distribution, prescription and dispensing

Is there a link between climate change scepticism and populism? An analysis of web tracking and survey data from Europe and the US

ABSTRACT Climate change and populism are two major phenomena in contemporary politics. Recent successes of populist parties and politicians, especially in Europe and in the US, have given rise to extensive debates in the academic literature and beyond. Yet the link between populism and climate change scepticism (henceforth ‘scepticism’), has so far received little attention. This paper examines the link between scepticism and populism by means of a unique dataset: a survey and detailed web browsing histories of participants from France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the US, and the UK. The web tracking data includes more than 150 million website visits over a period of three months and the survey contains questions about political attitudes and attitudes towards climate change. We analyse the 8893 websites which contained ‘climate change’ and its cognates in the URLs and link these website visits and the content of these websites to the political attitudes and climate change orientation of those who visited them. The contribution is both methodological (linking surveys and web tracking data, including cross-country comparison) and substantive (uncovering links between populists, their climate change orientations, and the content of related websites they visited). Our analysis demonstrates the value of computational methods in political communication research and provides insights into the link between populists and climate change scepticism.