Related Phenolic Compounds Research Articles

Pseudomonas taiwanensis (MTCC11631) mediated induction of systemic resistance in Anthurium andreanum L against blight disease and visualisation of defence related secondary metabolites using confocal laser scanning microscopy

Abstract An attempt to evaluate induced systemic resistance in anthurium against blight disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae (Xad) was studied. Plant associated Pseudomonas taiwanensis and elicitor compounds were used for plant application in greenhouse experiments to evaluate the resistance development against anthurium blight. Application of rhizobacteria P1 and P9 resulted in significant disease reduction to 80.0% and 85.0% respectively. Application of salicylic acid, mancozeb and K2HPO4 also resulted in reduction of disease at 35 days after inoculation. Elevated production of defence related enzymes, proteins and phenols were observed. Application of rhizobacteria P1 resulted in highest production of polyphenol oxidase and phenolic compounds. Production of phenylalanine ammonia lyase was maximum in mancozeb treated plants compared to other treatments. Maximum production of peroxidase enzyme was found in K2HPO4 treated plants whereas application of elicitor compound salicylic acid caused maximum production of defence related proteins compared to other treatments. Confocal microscopic studies revealed that P1 and P9 treated plant petiole showed increased auto fluorescent emissions indicating the distribution of defence related secondary metabolites and phenolic compounds as compared to control plants. Root colonization assay displayed significant results implicating that Rif+ and Cyclo+ resistant rhizobacterial isolates could successfully grow in the root tissue, establishing endophytic association within the host tissue.

Seasonal Patterns in Spectral Irradiance and Leaf UV-A Absorbance Under Forest Canopies.

Plants commonly respond to UV radiation through the accumulation of flavonoids and related phenolic compounds which potentially ameliorate UV-damage to crucial internal structures. However, the seasonal dynamics of leaf flavonoids corresponding to epidermal UV absorbance is highly variable in nature, and it remains uncertain how environmental factors combine to govern flavonoid accumulation and degradation. We studied leaf UV-A absorbance of species composing the understorey plant community throughout two growing seasons under five adjacent tree canopies in southern Finland. We compared the relationship between leaf flavonol index (Iflav—repeatedly measured with an optical leaf clip Dualex) and measured spectral irradiance, understorey and canopy phenology, air temperature and snowpack variables, whole leaf flavonoid extracts, and leaf age. Strong seasonal patterns and stand-related differences were apparent in Iflav of both understorey plant communities and individual species, including divergent trends in Iflav during spring and autumn. Comparing the heterogeneity of the understorey light environment and its spectral composition in looking for potential drivers of seasonal changes in Iflav, we found that unweighted UV-A irradiance, or the effective UV dose calculated according to the biological spectral weighting function (BSWF) for plant growth (PG action spectrum), in understorey shade had a strong relationship with Iflav. Furthermore, understorey species seemed to adjust Iflav to low background diffuse irradiance rather than infrequent high direct-beam irradiance in sunflecks during summer, since leaves produced during or after canopy closure had low Iflav. In conclusion, we found the level of epidermal flavonoids in forest understorey species to be plastic, adjusting to climatic conditions, and differing according to species' leaf retention strategy and new leaf production, all of which contribute to the seasonal trends in leaf flavonoids found within forest stands.

New molecularly imprinted polymers for reducing negative volatile phenols in red wine with low impact on wine colour.

4-Ethylphenol (4-EP) and 4-ethylguaiacol (4-EG) formation in red wines by Dekkera/Brettanomyces yeasts reduce significantly wine consumer's acceptability. Polymers with specific adsorption for volatile phenols (VPs) could be a valuable tool for wine producers for removing this negative sensory defect. In this work, a new molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesised using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) as cross-linker and ethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate as functional monomers. Although there was observed a competitive binding of the more abundant structurally related phenolic compounds of the wine matrix, it was still able to reduce 38 to 63% the wine VPs, depending on the wine VPs levels, presenting higher performance than the respective non-imprinted polymers (NIP). Sensory analysis of the MIP treated wine resulted in a significant decrease in the phenolic attribute and significant increase of the fruity and floral attributes, with no significant differences in the wine colour perceived by the expert panel. The sensory improvement of the MIP was significantly higher than that observed for the correspondent NIP.

Characterization of saponins and phenolic compounds: antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase in different varieties of colored quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)

This study investigated the contents of saponins and phenolic compounds in relation to their antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibition activity of 7 colored quinoa varieties. The total saponin content was significantly different among 7 varieties and ranged from 7.51 to 12.12 mg OAE/g DW. Darker quinoa had a higher content of phenolic compounds, as well as higher flavonoids and antioxidant activity than that of light varieties. Nine individual phenolic compounds were detected in free and bound form, with gallic acid and ferulic acid representing the major compounds. The free and bound phenolic compounds (gallic acid and ferulic acid in particular) exhibited high linear correlation with their corresponding antioxidant values. In addition, the free phenolic extracts from colored quinoa exhibited higher inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase than the bound phenolic extracts. These findings imply that colored quinoa with abundant bioactive phytochemicals could be an important natural source for preparing functional food.

Total Phenolic Content of Oil Palm Roots (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) As Preliminary Health Indicators in Oil Palm Plantation

Phenol and its derivatives are known as major phytochemical compound incorporated in plant defense or resistance. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is an important oil-producing species which prone to infection caused by Ganoderma boninense Pat., causing basal stem rot to the plant. Oil palm may accumulate or secrete related phenolic compounds into rhizospheric region as early mechanism in plant defense against G. boninense. This study investigated the role of total phenolic content in oil palm roots as an indicator to health status of plant in plantation. Oil palm roots were sampled from four representative plantations namely Kuala Bekala (KB), Medan Johor (MJ) from Medan city and Bilah Barat (BB), Kualuh Hulu (KH) from Labuhan Batu district. Phenol concentration was measured using Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetry method, expressed as μg GAE/mL from four different root macerates, using 100% MeOH, 100% MeOH with sonication, 80% MeOH and sterile distilled water (H2O). The results showed that phenolic compounds were higher in healthy than diseased plant. Solvent 80% MeOH was considered as the best solvent in extracting phenolic compounds both from diseased and healthy plants (P < 0.001) both quantitative and qualitatively. The differences of phenol content in oil palm roots may then reflect the fitness status of plant in the presence or absence of G. boninense.

Polydopamine-assisted immobilization of a zinc(II)-derived metal-organic cage as a stationary phase for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography.

A capillary column was modified with a soluble zinc(II)-derived metal-organic cage (MOC) [Zn2L] as the stationary phase to obtain a new coating layer for use in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. The inner surface of the capillary was first coated with a layer of polydopamine. Then, a solution of the MOC in dichloromethane was introduced into the capillary upon which it is bonded both covalently and non-covalently. The resulting coating layer on the capillary was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results demonstrated the successful formation of the [Zn2L] modified open-tubular column. The column showed good separation performance towards neutral compounds (such as methylbenzene, ethylbenzene, n-propylbenzene and n-butylbenzene), acidic drugs (such as ibuprofen, ketoprofen, flurbiprofen and diclofenac sodium), food additives (such as parabens, vanillin and related phenolic compounds) and small biomolecules (such as nucleosides and nucleotide bases) by π-interaction and hydrophobic interaction. It also exhibited good precision, the relative standard deviations of the retention time for intra-day, inter-day runs and column-to-column being <1.6%, 2.8%, and 4.0%, respectively. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of the open-tubular column modified with zinc(II)-derived metal-organic cage by polydopamine-assisted strategy onto the inner wall of capillary for electrochromatographic separations.

Alkylaminophenol Induces G1/S Phase Cell Cycle Arrest in Glioblastoma Cells Through p53 and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Signaling Pathway.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of malignant brain tumor in adults. We show here that small molecule 2-[(3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl)(p-tolyl)methyl]phenol (THTMP), a potential anticancer agent, increases the human glioblastoma cell death. Its mechanism of action and the interaction of selective signaling pathways remain elusive. Three structurally related phenolic compounds were tested in multiple glioma cell lines in which the potential activity of the compound, THTMP, was further validated and characterized. Upon prolonged exposer to THTMP, all glioma cell lines undergo p53 and cyclin-dependent kinase mediated cell death with the IC50 concentration of 26.5 and 75.4 μM in LN229 and Snb19, respectively. We found that THTMP strongly inhibited cell growth in a dose and in time dependent manner. THTMP treatment led to G1/S cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction of glioma cell lines. Furthermore, we identified 3,714 genes with significant changes at the transcriptional level in response to THTMP. Further, a transcriptional analysis (RNA-seq) revealed that THTMP targeted the p53 signaling pathway specific genes causing DNA damage and cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase explained by the decrease of cyclin-dependent kinase 1, cyclin A2, cyclin E1 and E2 in glioma cells. Consistently, THTMP induced the apoptosis by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 family genes and reactive oxygen species while it also changed the expression of several anti-apoptotic genes. These observations suggest that THTMP exerts proliferation activity inhibition and pro-apoptosis effects in glioma through affecting cell cycle arrest and intrinsic apoptosis signaling. Importantly, THTMP has more potential at inhibiting GBM cell proliferation compared to TMZ, the current chemotherapy treatment administered to GBM patients; thus, we propose that THTMP may be an alternative therapeutic option for glioblastoma.

Antioxidant polymer-modified maghemite nanoparticles

Abstract Natural antioxidants, such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate and related phenolic compounds from tea, enhance particle cell-interactions and cellular uptake. In this study, surface of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles prepared by co-precipitation of Fe chlorides was modified with silica, polyethylenimine, poly(ethylene glycol), and poly( l -lysine) to protect the iron oxide core from redox-reactions with phenols, enhance uptake by the cells, prevent the particle aggregation, or enable conjugation with several phenol-based antioxidants. To reveal the relation between the particle uptake and chemical structure of the phenolic antioxidants, five of them were selected, namely phenol, phloroglucinol, chlorogenic, gallic, and tannic acid. After incubation of the phenol-modified nanoparticles with U87MG human glioma cells, intracellular levels of the reactive oxygen species were reduced in a similar manner, as measured by flow cytometry. Colorimetric iron assay revealed a comparable level of cell-associated particles, which was mostly independent on the applied external magnetic field. The results suggest that the poly( l -lysine)-based coating is responsible for the antioxidant effects of the particles; the phenol- and poly( l -lysine)-coatings enable effective colloidal stability in aqueous media and enhance cellular internalization of the nanoparticles.

Poly(gallic acid)/MWNT-modified electrode for the selective and sensitive voltammetric determination of quercetin in medicinal herbs

Glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and electropolymerized gallic acid (poly(gallic acid)/MWNT/GCE) has been developed for the direct quercetin quantification. The potentiodynamic electropolymerization procedure has been optimized. The best quercetin response has been registered on the polymeric film obtained using 15cycles from 10μM gallic acid in phosphate buffer (PB) pH6.0 in the potential range from −0.2 to 1.0V and the scan rate of 100mVs−1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been applied for the electrode characterization. The polymeric film has porous structure providing high surface area in comparison to GCE (26.1±4.1 vs. 3.14mm2, respectively) as well as gives 1.7-fold decrease of the charge transfer resistance. The poly(gallic acid)/MWNT/GCE response is linear in the ranges of 0.075–25μM and 25–100μM of quercetin with the detection limit of 54nM. The electrode selectivity in the presence of structurally related phenolic compounds is found. The method developed has been successfully applied for the medicinal herbs extract analysis. A good agreement with the independent determination has been obtained.

Screening plant derived dietary phenolic compounds for bioactivity related to cardiovascular disease

The potential health benefits of phenolic acids found in food and beverages has been suggested from a number of large population studies. However, the mechanism of how these compounds may exert biological effects is less well established. It is also now recognised that many complex polyphenols in the diet are metabolised to simple phenolic acids which can be taken up in the circulation. In this paper a number of selected phenolic compounds have been tested for their bioactivity in two cell culture models. The expression and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in human aortic endothelial cells and the uptake of glucose in muscle cells. Our data indicate that while none of the compounds tested had a significant effect on eNOS expression or activation in endothelial cells, several of the compounds increased glucose uptake in muscle cells. These compounds also enhanced the translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 to the plasma membrane, which may explain the observed increase in cellular glucose uptake. These results indicate that simple cell culture models may be useful to help understand the bioactivity of phenolic compounds in relation to cardiovascular protection.

Metabolic profiles of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes differing in Sclerotium rolfsii reaction

A total of 60 compounds of known structure, comprising sugars, sugar alcohols, fatty acids, amino acids, organic acids, phenols and sterols were identified in stem extracts of groundnut using GC-MS. Sugars and fatty acids were predominant in stem extracts as compared to other metabolites. Distinguished metabolite patterns were observed in control and 96 h after infection (h.a.i.). Succinic acid, pentitol, scopolin, D-glucose and D-turanose, myo-inositol, fructose and mannitol were observed to be higher in control plants, whereas, D-ribopyranoside, thymol, pentadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid increased at 24 hai than that of control. Interestingly, phenol related compounds such as phenol, hydroquinone, guaicol-.beta.-d-glucopyranoside, scopolin were also found lower in non-infected stems of TG37A. Moreover, tolerant genotypes (CS 319 and CS 19) had higher content of Thymol-.beta.-d-glucopyranoside, pentitol, D-glucose, D-turanose, scopolin and hydroquinone than that of moderately tolerant and susceptible genotypes. Sugar profiles using Ion chromatography revealed that glucose content decreased in moderately susceptible and susceptible genotype after S. rolfsii infection. Both constitutive and induced levels of cinnamic acid was observed higher in resistant genotypes than that of susceptible ones which was further supported by phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity. Thus, our study demonstrates the biological role of metabolites specifically sugars, phenolics and fatty acids in plant defense responses.

Fabrication of water-compatible molecularly imprinted polymer based on β-cyclodextrin modified magnetic chitosan and its application for selective removal of bisphenol A from aqueous solution

Abstract Beta-cyclodextrin modified magnetic chitosan molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) was successfully synthesized via covalent modification and self-assembly polymerization for selective removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from wastewater. To obtain more water-compatible imprinting sites, chitosan and beta-cyclodextrin were introduced as functional monomer of polymerization process. The provided multifunctional ligand containing –NH 2 , –OH and hydrophobic cavity enhanced the capture capability toward target molecule. The as-prepared MMIP was evaluated and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared analysis, x-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometry. Pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm mode fitted the experimental data better than other models. The optimal adsorption was observed at pH = 6 with the highest binding capacity of 105.5 mg/g at 298 K. The initial adsorption rate of MMIP was 7.062 mg/g min, and adsorption equilibrium was reached in less than 60 min. Moreover, MMIP showed significantly selective binding capacity to BPA over other structurally related phenolic compounds. Regenerative study demonstrated that no obvious decline of removal capacity was observed after several cycles. Therefore, MMIP could be expected to be a promising candidate for selective removal of target pollutant from aqueous solution.

IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POTENT ANTIMICROBIAL SECONDARY METABOLITE GENERATED FROM ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM JAMBLANG PLANT ( Eugenia cumini L)

Objective: Colletotrichium capsici endophytic fungi isolated from Jamblang plant (Eugenia cumini L). The secondary metabolites of this plant has the potent antibacterial efficacy as well as diarrheal and anti-diabetic. This research focussed on isolation of the endophytic microbes from branches of Jamblang plants and their secondary metabolites.Methods: Isolation of endophytes were performed in PDA(potato dextrose agar) using direct seed plant. Endophytic fungi isolates with strongest antimicrobial activity against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli were fermented in Potato Dextrose Yeast (PDY) to produce large scale of the metabolites. Supernatant was extracted with ethyl acetate solvent. Ethyl acetate extract fractionated by column chromatography (SiO3, n-hexane- ethyl acetate = 50:1 ~ 1:1) and obtained three fractions. Further, agar diffusion method was performed to assess their anti-microbial activity.Results: Antibacterial test results indicated that fraction III had the antibacterial activity Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone diameter of 10.7 mm but no observed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Furthermore, identification by GC-MS showed that compounds present in fraction III was mainly fatty acid and phenolic compounds.Conclusion: In conclusion, secondary metabolites isolated from Jamblang plants branches contained predominantly fatty acid and phenol related compounds that could be responsible for its potent anti microbial activity. Keywords : Endophytic fungi, Jamblang (Eugenia cumini L.), antimicrobial activity

Optimization of Yield for Extraction of an Essential Oil from Cinnamon Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction

Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia L.) is synonymous both with Cassia tora L. and Cassia obtusifolia L.). It is usually viewed as a noxious weed in crop fields in southeastern United States. This plant, however, has a long history of use in traditional medicine in oriental countries. It is a prolific seed producer the constituents of which include: polysaccharides, proteins, highly colored low fat content and many phenolic compounds. The phenolic components are usually described as toxic, although recent literature shows many of these to exhibit potent therapeutic properties for human health. Pursuant to this as part of our continuing interest in the plant, we have expanded our study of the seed by extracting a mixture of anthraquinone and naphthopyrone glycosides from S. obtusifolia seed obtained from North Carolina. A survey of the composition of the extract was affected using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) with a variety of collision induced dissociation (CID) experiments. The major constituents of the mixture produced HPLC-ESI-MSn data consistent with: chrysophanic acid tetraglycoside; rubrufusarin and toralactone di-, tri- and tetraglycosides; torachrysone ester, di-, tri-, tetra- and pentaglycosides and cassialactone tetraglycoside. The naphthopyrone glycosides and related phenolic compounds in the seed are value-added medicinal co-products to the galactomannan polysaccharides of S. obtusifolia. FT-IR spectra of the mixture corroborate the chromatographic information obtained of the mixture of anthraquinone glycosides.

Evaluation of the Accumulation of Pathogenesis Related (PR) Proteins and Phenolic Compounds in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Elicitors as Mechanism for Immune Response to Fusarium Wilt Disease in Faba Bea

Induction of plant defense against pathogen attack is regulated by a complex network of different signals. In the present study interaction between bio-agents (Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens) and abiotic inducers (Bion and Chitosan) was used as new strategy to enhance Faba bean defense responses against wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Thus, changes in various physiological defenses including pathogenesis related (PR) proteins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids compounds and lignin contents were investigated in Faba bean plants. Results appeared that all treatments significantly reduced wilt incidence under greenhouse and field conditions and increased fresh and dry weights of survival plants compared with untreated seeds. The combination between biotic and abiotic inducers more effective than used individually of them. The treatment B. megaterium+Bion recorded the highest reduction of wilt incidence and fresh, dry weights of survival plants. On the other hand, all treatments significantly increased growth and yield parameters compared with control during both growing seasons (2013-2014 and 2014-2015). Combined P. fluorescens+Bion and P. fluorescens+Chitosan recorded the highest all growth and yield parameters in both growing seasons. Under in vitro conditions, all tested biotic and abiotic inducers individually or in combination reduced leaner growth of the pathogen F. oxysporum., P. fluorescens+Bion followed by P. fluorescens+Chitosan recorded the highest inhibition percentage in this respect. On the other hand, all treatments increased activity of Chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase, phenolic, flavonoids compounds and lignin contents in Faba bean plants inoculated with F. oxysporum compared with untreated inoculated plant (control) during the experimental period. The combination between biotic and abiotic gave highly activities of chitinase, β-1, 3-glucanase enzymes and contents of phenols, flavonoids compounds and lignin than applied individually of them. Higher increase of PR proteins, phenolic and flavonoids compounds and lignin contests was obtained in plants treated with combined B. megaterium+Bion. On the light of the present study, it could be suggested that the use of Bion and Chitosan as natural safe materials alone or in combination with bio agents (P. fluorescens and B. megaterium) is considered one of low cost and effective applicable methods for controlling F. oxysporum causing wilt disease in Faba bean.

Content of phenolic compounds in soils originating from two long-term fertilization experiments

AbstractThe objective of the study was to compare the impact of three systems of multiannual fertilization applied in two long-term field experiments on the content of phenolic compounds in the soil. In the study, both natural (manure, slurry) and mineral (NPK) fertilizers were used, along with combined, organic-and-mineral fertilization. Experiment I was established in 1972 on grey brown podzolic soil; experiment II, in 1973 on brown soil. In both experiments crops were cultivated in a 7-year rotation, with a 75% share of cereals. The experimental samples were taken from the top layer of soil after 36 (experiment I) and 35 (experiment II) years following the establishment of the experiments. It was demonstrated that the presence of phenolic compounds in the soils was significantly dependent on the contents of organic C and total N, type of soil and the type and dose of used fertilizers. In grey brown podzolic soil, the content of total phenolic compounds was at a lower level than the content found in brown soil. Multiannual fertilization contributed to an increase in the content of total phenolic compounds in relation to the values obtained in control objects, which was particularly reflected in the soil originating from objects fertilized with slurry applied at a dose being equivalent to manure in terms of the amount of introduced organic carbon. The percentage of water-soluble phenols in the total content of these compounds in grey brown podzolic soil was at the level of 18.4%, while in brown soil it amounted to 29.1%.

Streptomyces antioxidans sp. nov., a Novel Mangrove Soil Actinobacterium with Antioxidative and Neuroprotective Potentials.

A novel strain, Streptomyces antioxidans MUSC 164T was recovered from mangrove forest soil located at Tanjung Lumpur, Malaysia. The Gram-positive bacterium forms yellowish-white aerial and brilliant greenish yellow substrate mycelium on ISP 2 agar. A polyphasic approach was used to determine the taxonomy status of strain MUSC 164T. The strain showed a spectrum of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the members of the genus Streptomyces. The cell wall peptidoglycan was determined to contain LL-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinones were identified as MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8), while the identified polar lipids consisted of aminolipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipid, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and lipid. The cell wall sugars consist of galactose, glucose and ribose. The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0%) were identified as iso-C15:0 (34.8%) and anteiso-C15:0(14.0%). Phylogenetic analysis identified that closely related strains for MUSC 164T as Streptomyces javensis NBRC 100777T (99.6% sequence similarity), Streptomyces yogyakartensis NBRC 100779T (99.6%) and Streptomyces violaceusniger NBRC 13459T (99.6%). The DNA–DNA relatedness values between MUSC 164T and closely related type strains ranged from 23.8 ± 0.3% to 53.1 ± 4.3%. BOX-PCR fingerprints comparison showed that MUSC 164T exhibits a unique DNA profile, with DNA G + C content determined to be 71.6 mol%. Based on the polyphasic study of MUSC 164T, it is concluded that this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Streptomyces antioxidans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MUSC 164T (=DSM 101523T = MCCC 1K01590T). The extract of MUSC 164T showed potent antioxidative and neuroprotective activities against hydrogen peroxide. The chemical analysis of the extract revealed that the strain produces pyrazines and phenolic-related compounds that could explain for the observed bioactivities.

A practical method for isolation of phenolic compounds from black carrot utilizing pressurized water extraction with in-site particle generation in hot air assistance

Anthocyanins and related phenolic compounds can be extracted from highly pigmented garden vegetables and their by-products using subcritical water with or without a secondary co-solvent, ethanol. Carrot, being one of the richest vegetables for its natural components, is well known for its high phenolic content. The present study is concerned with the study of bioactive compound profile of black carrot. Extracted phenolic compounds were recovered in powdered form by establishing a novel system capable of doing subcritical water extraction along with powdered particle production. Pressurized water extraction was carried out at 10 and 20MPa and at temperatures ranging from 40 to 100°C. The extraction efficiencies in terms of anthocyanin recovery were compared with respect to the extraction parameters employed and the product was fed to air assisted particle formation system to investigate the process functions, the effect of temperature and pressure on the resultant particle as well.

In Silico Design of Short Peptides as Sensing Elements for Phenolic Compounds

We have exploited a recently developed computational approach [Gladich et al., J. Chem. Phys. B 2015; DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b06227] to design cyclic peptides capable of recognizing chlorogenic acid and related phenolic compounds. A peptide designed by this procedure was synthesized and characterized by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry. We found that the peptide is selective for chlorogenic acid against other ortho-diphenols, such as caffeic acid, and monophenols such as ferulic and coumaric acid. Indeed, when chlorogenic or caffeic acid are bound to the cyclic peptide, the ortho-diphenol moiety capable of undergoing oxidation is not available to the electrode surface due to diffusion limitation and steric hindrance. This phenomenon did not occur for cumaric and ferulic acid possibly because of limited complex formation with the cyclic peptide. In an electrochemical sensing system the peptide can therefore discriminate ortho-diphenols...

The powerful in vitro bioactivity of Euterpe oleracea Mart. seeds and related phenolic compounds

The Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) is a plant from the Amazon region, classified as “super fruit” because of its various functional properties. However, limited investigation has been performed on açaí by-products, such as seeds. Therefore, the aim of this work was to characterized the phenolic compounds of the aqueous extract of açaí seeds and further evaluate its bioactivity (antioxidant and cytotoxic activities). Only proanthocyanidins were detected, being a B-type (epi) catechin tetramer the most abundant; however, procyanidin trimmers were the most predominant form. Açaí seeds extract revealed a high antioxidant (EC50 ranging from 3.6 to 19.4μg/mL) and cytotoxic activity, being more effective in the cervical carcinoma cell line (HeLa; GI50=18μg/mL); it did not show toxicity for non-tumor cells. Açaí seeds are considered a waste and could have an added economic benefit, through the extraction of natural antioxidants, particularly proanthocyanidins, that could find applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.