Related Patents Research Articles

Recent Patents on the Triboelectrostatic Separation of Fly Ash

Background: The fly ash produced by coal-fired power plants is an industrial waste. The environmental pollution problems caused by fly ash have been widely of public environmental concern. As a waste of recoverable resources, it can be used in the field of building materials, agricultural fertilizers, environmental materials, new materials, etc. Unburned carbon content in fly ash has an influence on the performance of resource reuse products. Therefore, it is the key to remove unburned carbon from fly ash. As a physical method, triboelectrostatic separation technology has been widely used because of obvious advantages, such as high-efficiency, simple process, high reliability, without water resources consumption and secondary pollution. Objective: The related patents of fly ash triboelectrostatic separation had been reviewed. The structural characteristics and working principle of these patents are analyzed in detail. The results can provide some meaningful references for the improvement of separation efficiency and optimal design. Methods: Based on the comparative analysis for the latest patents related to fly ash triboelectrostatic separation, the future development is presented. Results: The patents focused on the charging efficiency and separation efficiency. Studies show that remarkable improvements have been achieved for the fly ash triboelectrostatic separation. Some patents have been used in industrial production. Conclusion: According to the current technology status, the researches related to process optimization and anti-interference ability will be beneficial to overcome the influence of operating conditions and complex environment, and meet system security requirements. The intelligent control can not only ensure the process continuity and stability, but also realize the efficient operation and management automatically. Meanwhile, the researchers should pay more attention to the resource utilization of fly ash processed by triboelectrostatic separation.

Pemetrexed - First-Line Therapy for Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Review of Patent Literature.

Pemetrexed is a folate analogue metabolic inhibitor for mammalian cells. Pemetrexed is toxic to several cancer cells by interfering with their new biosynthesis of nucleotides, thus causing cell apoptosis. Presently, Pemetrexed is given to patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). This review focuses on the recent patents of Pemetrexed. This assessment includes patents grouped in segments like crystalline form patent, composition related patents, product patents, as well as a method of treatment. The aim of this review is to simplify inventors with existing patents in a single place. Data were searched from several available databases, including paid databases which include Orbit® and SciFinder®. Free databases include Worldwide Espacenet® (EPO), Patentscope® (WIPO), InPASS (Indian patent database) and Google Patents. Some new polymorph and composition-related inventions of Pemetrexed have been recently patented as its orange-book listed patents will soon expire in May 2022. Further, because of the problem of oxidation through the development and continuing storage of Pemetrexed composition, several excipients are experimented with within these patents to stabilize the same. Nevertheless, there is a need for further development of an improved composition of Pemetrexed with improved characteristics. Wide research has been conducted on different processes for preparing Pemetrexed and formulation thereof. Such type of active research may clear the track for the generic companies in the United States, producing the formulation at low prices and providing universal health care at economical prices.

Simple Threshold Method in Fault Diagnosis for Voltage Source Inverter in a Direct Torque Control Induction Motor Drive

Background: The need for a diagnosis today, becomes a necessity for variable speed AC drives in several industrial applications. An important research axis is oriented towards monitoring the state of the converter supplying the electric motor. Indeed, the voltage source inverter is likely to have switching faults. Therefore, an emergency stop of the motor drive must be done. Objective: After reviewing related patents and works, the objective of this paper is to identify the feasibility of fault detection and diagnosis in a three-phase inverter feeding an induction motor. Methods: The proposed approach is a simple threshold fault classification method applied to fault diagnosis of a Direct Torque Control (DTC) induction motor drive using the stator Concordia mean current vector. With a fault occurrence, a localization domain consisting of seven patterns is constructed. Results: Simulated results on 1.5-kW induction motor drive show the effectiveness of the proposed approach with a good classification performance. Conclusion: The classification performance of our simple diagnosis system is acceptable for one fault occurrence compared to other methods. Faulty switch detection and identification is completed within a few periods of current. Using intelligent technique should improve classification performances for multiple faults occurrence.

Vote Simulation Scripts and Test Deck Generators: Patents and User's Manuals May Play A Role in the 2020 Election Litigation

Introduction As judges seek to separate the fantastical from the plausible in election suits and related defamation cases, patents and user’s manuals may be a strong tool. When characterized as public records, business records, or opposing party statements, these documents may avoid many of the admissibility challenges that have plagued election cases. The documents also provide a level of neutrality and reliability that affidavits and expert witnesses do not—as it is what the voting equipment company claims about its own software, these documents serve as a mutually agreeable baseline for the equipment capability. The especially partisan nature of election contests makes this a unique virtue of the documents. As such, parties in ongoing and future cases should not overlook them in preparing for litigation. Background and Summary The question whether election machines can plausibly be electronically manipulated was once a less exceptional view in academia and the mainstream media. After widespread concern of Russian interference in the 2016 Election and bipartisan interest in securing future contests, significant private and governmental resources were aimed at investigating our country’s voting infrastructure. In 2018, the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine commissioned a study on how our election infrastructure can be strengthened. At DEF CON in 2019, the conference attendees famously hacked every single machine present “in ways that could alter stored vote tallies, change ballots displayed to voters, or alter the internal software that controls the machines.” As recent as January 2020, Congress called in the three largest providers of equipment for testimony. In an article on the hearing, NBC wrote “The three companies . . . are almost entirely unregulated. But in recent years, policymakers and election advocates have begun to question who owns the companies, how they make their machines and whether they could be susceptible to remote hacking.” Many in academia predicted that these claims and concerns would continue beyond the 2020 Election. They were correct. This has led to a slew of lawsuits and some high-profile defamation cases. Central to most of them is the question whether vote manipulation using an algorithm or vote simulation script is sufficiently plausible to adjudicate. Patents and user’s manuals often describe these functions and may be useful tools to judges seeking to answer this question. Two documents, a patent and a user’s manual, in particular will be used as a case study. Beginning with the patent, these documents’ usefulness and admissibility are each described in turn.

Innovation Propensity and Firm Size: Evidence from Manufacturing

Digitalization has enabled the networking of production facilities and the interaction of all stakeholders across the value chain. Smart factories helped reversed the decline of manufacturing and increased its total value added. The resultant Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has led to an explosion of innovation reflected in the exponential growth of related patents and other forms of intellectual property rights (IPR). IPR and protection mechanisms are presumed drivers of global innovation and the interrelationship between innovation, IPR and economic growth is well-established. This paper addresses the question of propensity of manufacturing firms for specific forms of IPR across firm sizes. Using data from a large swath of German manufacturing firms, a novel model is developed to predict the probability of any given firm registering a specific form of IPR depending upon its size and innovativeness.

Impact of Patent Quality on Firm Performance: A Case of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

This study examines the relationship between 287 pharmaceutical firms’ patent quality and their performance, measured by the profitability ratio and return on assets (ROA) in India. ROA measures the economic efficiency in relation to its overall resource, whereas the profitability ratio measures how much a firm can earn a profit on a rupee of sales. Based on the theoretical model, this study hypothesized that the quality of both product and process innovation positively impacts the firm performance. The quality of patent (innovation) is measured through Revealed Technology Advantage (RTA) and Relative Patent Position (RPP) in the most important technology, i.e. a technology where firms have a maximum patent. RTA measures the technological competencies in one particular technological field compared to other firms. On the other hand, RPP measures the firms leading position in a technological field compared to leader firms in that technology. The results drawn for both quality indicators (RTA and RPP) using quantile regression find significant differences among product and process innovation. Moreover, this study indicates that pharmaceutical firms should enhance their R&D capabilities and the leading position in the most important technology to increase their performance.

“Oil is the New Data”: Energy Technology Innovation in Digital Oil Fields

Digital oil fields (DOFs) are built on data produced from energy technology innovation during the application of new technologies to oil resource development. In this study, this conversion is examined through the paradigm switch to “oil is the new data”. An analysis of related patents shows that DOF technology is developing through convergence and close links with other industries, specifically the equipment, parts, and material industries. Additionally, it is conjectured that the strategic preemption of standards will emerge as an important policy issue because a standard must be established for the interoperability of the elemental technologies of DOFs. Furthermore, with the expansion of DOF-related technologies, device-related technologies have also been developed. Of these device-related technologies, sensor technology specifically provides new possibilities for the development of DOFs. The significance of this study is that it explains the evolution of DOFs over the course of 10 years, which is illustrative of technological innovation in the field of energy-related development and data collection.

Research and Patents on Coronavirus and COVID-19: A Review.

COVID-19 pandemic is a global problem that requires the point of view of basic sciences and medicine as well as social, economics and politics disciplines. Viral particles of coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 as well as other enveloped viruses like influenza virus could be considered as an approximation to functional core-shell nanoparticles and therefore, their study enters the realm of nanotechnology. In this context, nanotechnology can contribute to alleviate some of the current challenges posed by COVID-19 pandemic. The present analysis contributed to diverse sources of general information, databases on scientific literature and patents to produce a review affording information on relevant areas where as nanotechnology has offered response to coronavirus challenges in the past and may be relevant now, and has offered an update of the current information on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 issues. This review contribution includes specific information including: 1) An introduction to current research on nanotechnology and related recent patents for COVID-19 responses; 2) Analysis of nonimmunogenic and immunogenic prophylaxis of COVID-19 using Nanotechnology; 3) Tools devoted to detection & diagnosis of coronaviruses and COVID-19: the role of Nanotechnology; and 4) A compilation on the research and patents on nanotechnology dealing with therapeutics & treatments of COVID-19. Among the increasing literature on COVID-19, there are few works analyzing the relevance of Nanotechnology, and giving an analysis on patents dealing with coronaviruses that may provide useful information on the area. This review offers a general view of the current research investigation and recent patents dealing with aspects of immunogenic and non-immunogenic prophylaxis, detection and diagnosis as well as therapeutics and treatments.

Design, Fabrication and Characterization of Esomeprazole Nanocrystals for Enhancing the Dissolution Rate and Stability.

Poor solubility and low dissolution rate limit the work at poorly water-soluble drugs like Esomeprazole. To overcome this problem, different technologies had to be used but could not resolve the problem, significantly. The main aim of this patent study was to prepare the nanocrystals using the evaporative precipitation ultrasonication method in order to improve the dissolution rate and stability of Esomeprazole (ESM). For obtaining the nanocrystals, different nanoformulations were prepared using the pluronic F-68 in different concentrations, and then the screened formulation was lyophilized in the presence of two distinct cryoprotectants; mannitol and sucrose. The obtained nanocrystals were characterized for their re-dispersibility, crystalline state, dissolution behavior, particle size, polydispersibility index and morphology. Dissolution study of ESM nanocrystals was performed in a buffer solution of pH-7.4, and compared to that of bulk ESM sample and ESM/pluronic F-68 physical mixture. Cryoprotectant containing nanocrystals exhibit the re-dispersion in water after the manual shaking. 5% mannitol containing nanocrystals showed the least polydispersity index (0.42 ± 0.11) and narrowest particle size (186 ± 12.9 nm). The Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) pattern and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) thermograms revealed that the crystalline state of the drug was not changed after the different physical treatment. Freeze-dried nanocrystals showed a faster dissolution rate and almost 99.45% of the drug was released within 60 min. However, the bulk drug and a physical mixture of bulk drug/pluronic F-68 showed only 22.65% and 21.3% of drug release, respectively, after 60 min. This paper reviews the related patents on Esomeprazole Nanocrystals. The different findings revealed that nanocrystals could be a potential alternate for solving the dissolution rate and stability issue of ESM like poorly soluble drugs.

Mobile Application for Parkinson's Disease Deep Brain Stimulation (MAP DBS): An Open-Label, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial

Mobile Application for Parkinson's Disease Deep Brain Stimulation (MAP DBS): An Open-Label, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial

Research on the invulnerability and optimization of the technical cooperation innovation network based on the patent perspective—A case study of new energy vehicles

This paper takes new energy vehicles as the research object, building the technical cooperation innovation network of new energy vehicles based on the patent perspective by establishing the related technology patent search expression, and analyzing the processes of the invulnerability and optimization in the actual technology cooperation innovation network by using the simulation analysis method. The research results show that the harmfulness of the degree value priority attack in the technical cooperation innovation network of new energy vehicles is stronger than the weighted degree value priority attack and random attack, and the attacks of the State Grid and other hub nodes have an important impact on the network invulnerability. During the network optimization process of three types of connection preferences, the “weak”-“weak” connection is the best connection mode given the situation of an unweighted network without considering the weight of the connected edge. However, the “strong”-“weak” connection is the best mode given the situation of a weighted network considering the weight of the connected edge. In addition, compared with the weighted network situation, the “strong”-“weak” connection has better network optimization results given the situation of an unweighted network. Finally, we propose counter measures and suggestions to promote the innovation network invulnerability capabilities of technical cooperation in new energy vehicles.

Probabilistic graph-based valuation model for measuring the relative patent value in a valuation scenario

With the intense competition of global intellectual property, the increasing number of patents promotes the potential of patent transactions. However,an unknown patent value degrades the patent transaction rate. Automatic patent valuation faces some challenges, including the following: (1) how to represent a valuation object, (2) how to construct the valuation scenario, and (3) how to generate and measure the patent value. To solve the above issues, we propose a probabilistic graph-based patent valuation model. In the model, the textual parts are combined with some structured parts of patents to represent a valuation object. A heterogeneous association network is constructed as the valuation scenario. Thereafter, a patent valuation model is formed by a generative process, which is represented by a probabilistic graphical model.The patent value distribution is learned by making inference using the valuation model. We evaluate our model by comparing it with state-of-the-art models on patent data sets. The results show that our model outperforms other models in the evaluation measurements.

Analysis of related patents on coronavirus monoclonal antibody therapy

<p indent="0mm">Coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and the recently epidemic coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), seriously threaten human health and cause significant economic losses. Monoclonal antibodies targeting coronaviruses may inhibit viral infection by blocking viral binding to the receptor on cells. In this study, the patent applications and clinical trial results for monoclonal antibody drugs against coronavirus were analyzed primarily to provide ideas and references for the application of monoclonal antibodies in the fight against COVID-19, and to accelerate the drug development process. There are currently no established patents related to the monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, both due to COVID-19’s relatively recent emergence, and due to the lengthy patent application and publication process. A thorough global analysis of monoclonal antibody patent applications indicates a total of 194 diagnostic monoclonal antibody techniques, accounting for 63%, and 113 therapeutic monoclonal antibody techniques, accounting for 37%. Among those applications related to therapeutic monoclonal antibody technology, product patent applications dominate, with a total number of 96, accounting for 85%. According to the geographical analysis of applicants for coronavirus therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, there are 35 patent applications from, accounting for 31%, and 78 foreign patent applications, accounting for 69%. The analysis of the target of the coronavirus therapeutic monoclonal antibody-related patent applications indicates that there are 61 patent applications for monoclonal antibodies specific to the virus’s own antigen, accounting for 54%. This type of monoclonal antibody specifically targets viral antigens to suppress viruses, whereas the other 52 patent applications in this category target viral non-specific monoclonal antibodies, accounting for 46%. Amongst current studies on the monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, relevant patent applications for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are mainly based on products, and the target is the S protein or its receptor binding region (RBD), which prevents virus infection of cells. Currently, there are no available therapeutic monoclonal antibody drugs against coronavirus. The monoclonal antibody drug specifically targeting the S protein of MERS-CoV is still in clinical trials. Three monoclonal antibody drugs treating for COVID-19 are also in clinical trials, all of which involve second use of the known monoclonal antibodies in their mechanisms. The RBD of SARS-CoV-2 has common-epitope peptide with SARS-CoV. By verifying the effect of the monoclonal antibody against SARS-CoV in the treatment of COVID-19, patent applications for the use of the monoclonal antibody against COVID-19 can be designed. Methods of blocking monoclonal antibodies against the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 can be used as potential drug mechanisms for the treatment of COVID-19. Related patent applications and drug development will also be hot spots in the future.

An analysis of the evolution of science-technology linkage in biomedicine

Demonstrating the practical value of public research has been an important subject in science policy. Here we present a detailed study on the evolution of the citation linkage between life science related patents and biomedical research over a 37-year period. Our analysis relies on a newly-created dataset that systematically links millions of non-patent references to biomedical papers. We find a large disparity in the volume of science linkage among technology sectors, with biotechnology and drug patents dominating it. The linkage has been growing exponentially over a long period of time, doubling every 2.9 years. The U.S. has been the largest producer of cited science for years, receiving nearly half of the citations. More than half of citations goes to universities. We use a new paper-level indicator to quantify to what extent a paper is basic research or clinical medicine. We find that the cited papers are likely to be basic research, yet a significant portion of papers cited in patents that are related to FDA-approved drugs are clinical research. The U.S. National Institute of Health continues to be an important funder of cited science. For the majority of companies, more than half of citations in their patents are authored by public research. Taken together, these results indicate a continuous linkage of public science to private sector inventions.

Blockchain patent landscaping: An expert based methodology and search query

The present study is concerned with the emergence of Blockchain related technologies in terms of patenting activity. Blockchain has captured the attention of the public and research has intensified in this field over the last few years, making it a highly interesting topic of study for a patent analysis in order to obtain insight into the developments of this emerging technology. In this paper we present a unique methodology and exhaustive search strategy for identifying Blockchain patent documents by using a combination of specific keywords and patent classifications. This query was built in cooperation with subject matter experts of the European Patent Office (EPO). Our keyword set was then analysed by relevance and was prioritised. The set of specific relevant patent classifications was furthermore combined with keywords in order to exclude false positives. With our methodology we present an exhaustive query for retrieving a highly relevant dataset of Blockchain related patents, extracted from the EPO databases that can be used for patent landscaping exercises or any other bibliometric analysis. In a case study we applied the search strategy to analyse worldwide Blockchain patenting from 2008 till 2018. The results are presented in this paper.

Facile Preparation of WO3 Nanowires by Bubble-Electrospinning and their Photocatalytic Properties.

As a relatively novel and promising method, the bubble electrospinning is to fabricate continuous and uniform nanowires using an aerated polymer solution in an electric field. A large number of oxidized docking nanowires were established on a silicon substrate using the bubble electrospinning, and then using Tungsten Oxide Ammonium (AMT) as an appropriate calcined air with the WO3 sources. WO3 production can enhance its catalytic activity, stability, and can raise its rhodamine B degradation rate as well; the prospect of its wide application. The high aspect ratio of WO3 nanowires is successfully prepared by a lightweight bubble electrospinning technique using Polyoxyethylene (PEO) and Ammonium-Tungstate (AMT) as the WO3 precursor after annealing in air at 400, 450 and 500°C, respectively. The products were characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, and TG analysis. This Paper reviews the related patents on bubble electrospinning and WO3 nanowires. The results were shown that the diameter of WO3 nanowires ranges from 2μm to 450nm, which varies with the calcination temperature. XRD diffraction and infrared spectroscopy showed that monoclinic crystals were prepared at different calcination temperatures (400, 450 and 500°C). In addition, the UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed that the fiber had a bandgap energy of 2.63 eV after calcination at 450oC, showing excellent photocatalytic activity in the degradation of Rh B at 245 nm. The preparation of WO3 nanowires by bubble electrospinning method is a feasible patented technology.

Factors that Influence the Number of Patent Deposited in some Countries of the American Continent

The information technology available in the world is disclosed only in the form of patent documents deposited, which also reflect the scientific and technological level of a country. This paper has the objective of identifying what are the main factors that influence the generation of these patents in some American countries. A modeling study via multiple linear regression to analyze the effects of the number of published articles, gross domestic product (GDP), population and variations in number of patents over the last year and the last two years, about number of patents in those countries. The patent data were obtained from the World Intellectual Property Organization, data on GDP and population come from the World Bank and the amount of scientific articles from the SCImago Journal &amp; Country Rank. Based on the selection criteria, the countries chosen for modeling were United States, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Chile and Argentina. The results indicated that in the United States the number of patents increases as GDP. In all other countries, the variation in the number of patents in relation to two recent years contributes to an increase in the number of patents. In Brazil, Argentina and Chile, in addition to this variation, an increase of the population favors the patent number. In Canada and Colombia, the number of patents also increases according to the number of articles published. In Mexico, the variation in two years and the GDP contributed to the increase in the number of patent.

A Simple and Sensitive Dispersive Micro-Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for Quantification of Honokiol and Magnolol in Complex Matrices.

Honokiol and magnolol were considered as markers for the analysis of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, its related Chinese Patent Medicines and their metabolites. However, the determination of these two analytes in a water-soluble sample is difficult and therefore requires a more efficient method. To develop a sensitive method for the determination of honokiol and magnolol in a water-soluble sample for better quality control of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis and its related Chinese Patent Medicines. In this work, a combination of dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction (DMSPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed for simultaneous preconcentration and determination of honokiol and magnolol in complex bio-samples. Several experimental factors affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized by single factor test. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the proposed method exhibited good linearity of not less than 0.9998, satisfactory precision with relative standard deviation of less than 1.3%, and acceptable mean recoveries of 97.3% and 101.5% for honokiol and magnolol, respectively. Furthermore, the method exhibits extremely high sensitivity with detection limits of 0.0097 and 0.0231 ng/mL, which is even more sensitive than those methods developed by MS. The method established in this study is fast, economic, accurate, easy to operate, and importantly well suited to the extraction and analysis of honokiol and magnolol in a real complex sample matrix.

Mechanisation and Automation at the Turn of the 20th Century

The article presents the history of the mechanisation and automation of arc welding at the turn of the 20th century, including Benardos’ and Slavyanov’s first welding machines and the first related patents.

Bortezomib - First Therapeutic Proteasome Inhibitor for Cancer Therapy: A Review of Patent Literature.

Bortezomib is a reversible inhibitor of proteasome proteins in mammalian cells. Bortezomib is proven to be cytotoxic to a number of tumor cells by disrupting their normal homeostatic mechanism and thereby, causing cell death. Currently, Bortezomib is prescribed for patients with multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. This assessment highlights the overview of the recent patents of Bortezomib. This review includes patents grouped in sections like product patents, process patent, composition related patents as well as the treatment methodology. The objective of this article is to facilitate researchers with all existing patents at a single place. Data were searched from various online databases. In which, paid databases include SciFinder® and Orbit®. Free databases include Patentscope® (WIPO), Worldwide Espacenet® (EPO), Google Patents and InPASS (Indian patent database). Several new processes and composition related patents of Bortezomib have been recently patented as its orange-book listed patents are going to soon expire during July 2022. Further, due to the problem of oxidation during development and long-term storage of Bortezomib formulation, a number of excipients are tried in these patents to stabilize the same. However, there is still a need for further development of an improved formulation of Bortezomib with better characteristics. Extensive research has been carried out on various processes for preparing Bortezomib and the composition thereof. This type of dynamic research will clear the path for many generic players in the United States, which lead to the reduction of the price of the composition and thereby enhancing global health care at cheaper prices.