Relative Organ Research Articles

Nano-magnetic aptamer sensor incorporating AND logic recognition-launched hybridization chain reaction for organ origin identification of circulating tumor cells

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are effective bio-markers for early diagnosis and disease monitoring of cancer, but there is lack of simple and effective strategy to achieve the detection of multiple markers on CTCs while enriching, especially the identification of organ origin, limits their broad clinical applications. Here we present a nano-magnetic aptamer sensor platform to capture broad spectrum of epithelial CTCs and simultaneously identify their multiple organ origins by AND logic recognition-launched hybridization chain reaction. The platform exhibited excellent capture and enrichment capabilities for epithelial CTCs, and showed the ability to precisely identify their organ origin markers (GPC3 for liver and TTF1 for lung), even able to trace metastatic cancer to related organs. The developed nano-magnetic aptamer sensor platform provides a feasible strategy for multi-marker accurate detection of CTCs and a promising auxiliary tool for the precise treatment of cancer.

COVID-19 imaging, where do we go from here? Bibliometric analysis of medical imaging in COVID-19.

We conducted a systematic and comprehensive bibliometric analysis of COVID-19-related medical imaging to determine the current status and indicate possible future directions. This research provides an analysis of Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) indexed articles on COVID-19 and medical imaging published between 1 January 2020 and 30 June 2022, using the search terms "COVID-19" and medical imaging terms (such as "X-ray" or "CT"). Publications based solely on COVID-19 themes or medical image themes were excluded. CiteSpace was used to identify the predominant topics and generate a visual map of countries, institutions, authors, and keyword networks. The search included 4444 publications. The journal with the most publications was European Radiology, and the most co-cited journal was Radiology. China was the most frequently cited country in terms of co-authorship, with the Huazhong University of Science and Technology being the institution contributing with the highest number of relevant co-authorships. Research trends and leading topics included: assessment of initial COVID-19-related clinical imaging features, differential diagnosis using artificial intelligence (AI) technology and model interpretability, diagnosis systems construction, COVID-19 vaccination, complications, and predicting prognosis. This bibliometric analysis of COVID-19-related medical imaging helps clarify the current research situation and developmental trends. Subsequent trends in COVID-19 imaging are likely to shift from lung structure to function, from lung tissue to other related organs, and from COVID-19 to the impact of COVID-19 on the diagnosis and treatment of other diseases. Key Points •We conducted a systematic and comprehensive bibliometric analysis of COVID-19-related medical imaging from 1 January 2020 to 30 June 2022. • Research trends and leading topics included assessment of initial COVID-19-related clinical imaging features, differential diagnosis using AI technology and model interpretability, diagnosis systems construction, COVID-19 vaccination, complications, and predicting prognosis. • Future trends in COVID-19-related imaging are likely to involve a shift from lung structure to function, from lung tissue to other related organs, and from COVID-19 to the impact of COVID-19 on the diagnosis and treatment of other diseases.

Effect of Red Bean Extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L. Sp) on Interleukin-1, Inhibin Β and PCNA Expression in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Mice Model

Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by multiple organ involvement. Chronic inflammation due to oxidative stress and autoimmune causes damage to related organs, one of which is the ovary which leads to Premature Ovarian Failure (POF) . Red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. Sp.) is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. This study aims to examine the effect of red beans on IL-1, Inhibin B, and PCNA. Methods: This is a true experimental study with a post-test-only controlled group design in vivo. The sample in this study were female Balb/c mice treated with red bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L. sp.) at doses of 50 mg/KgBW (P1), 75 mg/KgBW (P2), and 100 mg/KgBW (P3). IL-1, Inhibin B, and PCNA levels in each group were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 16 for Windows software program. Results: Red bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L. Sp.) administration at various doses was statistically proven to significantly reduce IL-1 levels (p<0,05) and increase Inhibin levels in all groups (p<0,05). The highest average Inhibin B levels were found in the 100 mg/KgBW dose group (P3), significant increase in PCNA expression in all groups given various doses of red bean extract (p<0,05). Conclusion: Administration of red bean extract (Phaseoulus vulgaris L. Sp.) can reduce levels of Interleukin-1, increase levels of Inhibin B and PCNA expression in SLE mice.

Exopolysaccharides of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ameliorate Salmonella typhimurium-induced intestinal inflammation via the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK pathway

BackgroundSalmonella typhimurium (S.T), as an important foodborne bacterial pathogen, can cause diarrhea and gastroenteritis in humans and animals. Numerous studies have confirmed that exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have various biological functions, but the mechanism through which EPSs improve the immunity of animals against the invasion of pathogenic bacteria is unclear. Here, we explored the protective effect of EPSs of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on the S.T-infected intestine.MethodsMice received adequate food and drinking water for one week before the start of the experiment. After 7 d of prefeeding, 2×108 CFU/mL S.T solution and an equivalent volume of saline (control group) were given orally for 1 d. On the fourth day, the mice were treated with 0.5 mg/mL EPSs, 1.0 mg/mL EPSs, 2.0 mg/mL EPSs, or 2.0 mg/mL penicillin for 7 d. Finally, the body and relative organ weight, histological staining, and the levels of antioxidant enzyme activity and inflammatory cytokines were determined.ResultsThe S.T-infected mice exhibited symptoms of decreased appetite, somnolence, diarrhea and flagging spirit. Treatment with EPSs and penicillin improved the weight loss of the mice, and the high dose of EPSs showed the best therapeutic effect. EPSs significantly ameliorated S.T-induced ileal injury in mice. High-dose EPSs were more effective than penicillin for alleviating ileal oxidative damage induced by S.T. The mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines in the ileum of mice showed that the regulatory effects of EPSs on inflammatory cytokines were better than those of penicillin. EPSs could inhibit the expression and activation of key proteins of the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK pathway and thereby suppress the level of S.T-induced ileal inflammation.ConclusionsEPSs attenuate S.T-induced immune responses by inhibiting the expression of key proteins in the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, EPSs could promote bacterial aggregation into clusters, which may be a potential strategy for reducing the bacterial invasion of intestinal epithelial cells.

Pumpkin seed ethanolic extract protects against escitalopram-induced reproductive toxicity in male mice

Objective: To investigate the protective role of pumpkin seed ethanolic extract against escitalopram-induced reproductive toxicity in male mice. Methods: Swiss albino male mice were randomly divided into five groups with six mice in each group. Group I received normal water orally, Group II, III, IV and V received escitalopram oxalate (10 mg/kg), pumpkin seed extract (300 mg/kg) plus escitalopram oxalate (10 mg/kg), escitalopram oxalate (20 mg/kg), and pumpkin seed extract (300 mg/kg) plus escitalopram oxalate (20 mg/kg), respectively. All test doses were continuously administered orally once daily per animal body weight for 30 days and 60 days. Body weight and sexual organ weight were evaluated on day 31 and 61. Effects of pumpkin seed extract on sperm parameters, biochemical parameters and histology of testis were also investigated. Results: Escitalopram 10 or 20 mg/kg caused reproductive toxicity in male mice after 30 and 60 days of treatment. However, simultaneous administration of escitalopram oxalate (10 or 20 mg/kg) with pumpkin seed extract (300 mg/kg) attenuated escitalopram-induced testicular toxicity. Significant increase in the body weight and relative organ weight was observed. Sperm count, sperm motility and viability significantly increased (P<0.05). The histopathological alterations caused by escitalopram was also ameliorated. Conclusions: Ethanolic extract of pumpkin seeds (300 mg/kg body weight) protects again reproductive toxicity induced by escitalopram. Therefore, dietary intake of pumpkin seed extract might be useful for male patients who expose to antidepressant drug due to depression.

Assessment of the antidiabetic potential of extract and novel phytoniosomes formulation of Tradescantia pallida leaves in the alloxan-induced diabetic mouse model.

Diabetes inflicts health and economic burdens on communities and the present antidiabetic therapies have several drawbacks. Tradescantia pallida leaves have been used as a food colorant and food preservative; however, to our knowledge antidiabetic potential of the leaves of T. pallida has not been explored yet. The current study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic potential of T. pallida leaves extract and its comparison with the novel nisosome formulation of the extract. The leaves extract and phytoniosomes of T. pallida in doses of 15, 25 and 50 mg/kg were used to assess the oral glucose loaded, and alloxan-induced diabetic mice models. The biological parameters evaluated were; change in body weight, blood biochemistry, relative organ to body weight ratio and histopathology of the liver, pancreas and kidney. Results revealed that the extract 50 mg/kg and phytoniosomes 25 and 50 mg/kg remarkably reduced the blood glucose level in all hyperglycemic mice by possibly inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase production. Body weight and blood biochemical parameters were considerably improved in phytoniosomes 50 mg/kg treated group. The relative body weight was similar to those of healthy mice in extract 50 mg/kg, phytoniosomes 25 mg/kg, and phytoniosomes 50 mg/kg treated groups. Histopathology showed the regeneration of cells in the CHN50 treated group. Hyphenated chromatographic analysis revealed potent metabolites, which confirmed the antidiabetic potential of the extract by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase using in silico analysis. The present data suggested that phytoniosomes have shown better antidiabetic potential than crude extract of these leaves.

Safety assessment of Spondias purpurea aqueous leaf extract (anacardiaceae): Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies in wistar rats

This study aimed to assess the toxicological profile of aqueous leaf extract of S. purpurea (ALES) in Wistar rats. ALES was subjected to acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies which were conducted according to Lorke’s and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 408 guidelines respectively. The acute toxicity study was carried out in two phases within 48 hours. Sub-chronic (90 days) toxicity studies were conducted on 4 groups of rats each. The first group received 1mL/kg distilled water, Groups 2, 3 and 4 received ALES 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg respectively. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, steroids/triterpenes, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and cardiac glycosides. The oral median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract in rats was established to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. Sub-chronic administration of ALES did not produce significant changes in body weights and relative organ weights of treated rats. Hematology results between control and treated groups for a 90-day period of administration of ALES were comparable, however there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in differential white blood cell at highest dose. Biochemical result, revealed a non-significant mean variations in levels of renal and hepatic parameters between the treated groups and their corresponding controls. However, there was a significant (p < 0.05) dose dependent decrease in level of potassium and glucose for treated groups compared their respective control, also a non-dose dependent decrease in ALP at 500 mg/kg ALES group. Lipid parameters examined also showed a dose dependent decrease in cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL level, however the decrease was significant for triglyceride at 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg treatment group compared to control. Additionally, in comparison to control a non-significant increase in HDL level was observed for treatment groups. The Histological result showed slight alterations in brain, liver, kidney, lungs and uterus intensified with an increase in the doses of the extracts administered. These findings suggest that Spondias purpurea leaf extract is relatively safe on acute administration. However, long term administration of higher doses could result in mild toxic responses. Therefore, caution should be taken in long term administration of the extract.

Effect of microencapsulation of egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) by sodium alginate/chitosan/sodium alginate on the growth performance, serum parameters, and intestinal health of broiler chickens.

Egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) is an antibiotic alternative to prevent and fight intestinal pathogenic infections. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sodium alginate/chitosan/sodium alginate IgY microcapsules on the growth performance, serum parameters, and intestinal health of broiler chickens. One-day-old broilers (Ross 308) were divided into five treatments, each with 10 replicates of five chickens. The dietary treatments were maintained for 28 days and consisted of a basal diet (NC), basal diet + 500mg chlortetracycline/kg diet (CH), basal diet + 50mg non-microencapsulated IgY/kg diet (NM), basal diet + 600mg low levels microencapsulated IgY/kg diet (LM), and basal diet + 700 mg high levels microencapsulated IgY/kg diet (HM). Throughout the 28-day trial period, the NM, LM, HM and CH groups increased average daily gain (ADG) compared with the NC group (P < 0.05), and the HM group reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the CH group (P < 0.05). The LM and HM groups increased relative organ weights of thymus and spleen compared with the CH and NM groups (P < 0.05). The HM group improved the duodenal, jejunal and ileum villi height (VH) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) compared with the CH and NM groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the CH group, the HM group increased serum immunoglobulin (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels (P < 0.05), and decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (P < 0.05). Compared with the NC group, the NM, LM, HM, and CH groups reduced colonic Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella levels (P < 0.05). and the HM group promoted the levels of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria compared with the CH group (P < 0.05). Microencapsulation could be considered as a way to improve the efficiency of IgY. The 700 mg high levels microencapsulated IgY/kg diet could potentially be used as an alternative to antibiotics to improve the immune performance and intestinal health, leading to better performance of broiler chickens.

Consensus Statement on the definition and classification of metabolic hyperferritinaemia.

Hyperferritinaemia is a common laboratory finding that is often associated with metabolic dysfunction and fatty liver. Metabolic hyperferritinaemia reflects alterations in iron metabolism that facilitate iron accumulation in the body and is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic and liver diseases. Genetic variants that modulate iron homeostasis and tissue levels of iron are the main determinants of serum levels of ferritin in individuals with metabolic dysfunction, raising the hypothesis that iron accumulation might be implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and the related organ damage. However, validated criteria for the non-invasive diagnosis of metabolic hyperferritinaemia and the staging of iron overload are still lacking, and there is no clear evidence of a benefit for iron depletion therapy. Here, we provide an overview of the literature on the relationship between hyperferritinaemia and iron accumulation in individuals with metabolic dysfunction, and on the associated clinical outcomes. We propose an updated definition and a provisional staging system for metabolic hyperferritinaemia, which has been agreed on by a multidisciplinary global panel of expert researchers. The goal is to foster studies into the epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology, clinical relevance and treatment of metabolic hyperferritinaemia, for which we provide suggestions on the main unmet needs, optimal design and clinically relevant outcomes.

Effects of exogenous protease on performance, economic evaluation, nutrient digestibility, fecal score, intestinal morphology, blood profile, carcass trait, and meat quality in broilers fed normal diets and diets considered with matrix value

This study was conducted to estimate the effects of exogenous protease on performance, economic evaluation, nutrient digestibility, fecal score, intestinal morphology, blood profile, carcass traits, and meat quality in broilers fed normal diets and diets considered with matrix value. A total of 90, one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments with 6 replicates and each replicate of 5 broiler chickens. Treatments were as follows: 1) Basal diet (positive control, PC), 2) Basal diet formulated with full ProAct 360 matrix at 50 g/MT without addition of ProAct 360 (negative control, NC), 3) NC+50 g/MT ProAct 360 (PA). Supplementation of exogenous protease to nutrient deficient NC diet by matrix values (PA) tended to increase growth performance and significantly improved intestinal morphology compared with the NC group. The PA group had significantly lower fecal score, and higher ATTD of crude protein and amino acids than those of the NC group. Furthermore, supplementation of exogenous protease to NC diet decreased feed cost, resulting in improved profit margin. However, there was no significant difference on carcass yield and relative organ weight. In conclusion, supplementation of exogenous protease using matrix value could be used as economic additive to improve growth, profit margin, digestibility, and gut health in broiler chickens.

Organ weights of three dolphin species (Sousa chinensis, Tursiops aduncus and Delphinus capensis) from South Africa: implications for ecological adaptation?

Data from bycaught, but otherwise presumed healthy individuals can contribute important biological data on species of cetaceans that are otherwise lacking. This study utilises data collected from systematic necropsies performed between October 1970 and May 2010 on 142 Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis), 607 Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus), and 640 long-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus capensis) incidentally caught and drowned in the shark nets off KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The aim of this analysis was to: (1) determine average absolute and relative organ weights for the three taxa as baseline values for later pathological examinations; and (2) examine potential correlations with the physiology and ecology in the three genera. Body length-weight relationships were described for the three species, indicating that S. chinensis is more robust than T. aduncus, with D. capensis being the smallest species out of the three taxa. Organ weights, as a percentage of total body weight were examined for the three delphinids. Organs examined included heart, lungs and trachea, liver, kidneys, spleen, and testes. Relative heart, liver and kidney weights were significantly larger in the small-bodied, fast-swimming D. capensis, than in the slower, more coastal S. chinensis and T. aduncus, possibly reflecting differences in activity patterns between the three species. Relative lung and trachea weights were not significantly different in the three species. Combined testes weight, as a percentage of total body weight, in combination with information on group size and sexual dimorphism suggested a monogamous or extreme polygynous (harem) mating system in S. chinensis, frequent copulations in T. aduncus, and sperm competition in D. capensis. The results of the present study suggest that the relative sizes of the major organs in the three genera are a reflection of the differing life histories and ecologies of the species examined.

Micro anatomical effects of aqueous cactus extract in the lungs of a diabetic Wistar rat

Opuntia stricta is a naturally occurring plant and is readily available in some parts of Zambia where it is used for its decorative nature and its fruits consumed. This present laboratory based study was carried out to assess some micro anatomical effects of aqueous cactus on the lungs of a diabetic Wistar rat. The male adult Wistar rats (30) weighing between 160-200 g were indiscriminately classified into five groups consisting of 6 Wistar rats namely: control, diabetic control, Diabetes+ Metformin, Diabetes+ cactus and cactus only groups. Diabetes was induced with Streptozotocin dose 70 mg/kg BW and sustained increase in blood glucose levels after 72 hours and treatment commenced with aqueous cactus extract and Metformin with 100 mg/kg body weight respectively and was administered orally for 4 weeks . Blood glucose levels (mmol/L) were monitored. After 4 weeks of treatment the animals were sacrificed by euthanasia, the lungs were excised, weighed and fixed in 10% formal saline. Data was analyzed using Excel and one way ANOVA. p&lt;0.05 was considered significant. Change in body weight and relative organ weight of the Diabetic+ cactus and Diabetes + Metformin was significant when compared to diabetic group(p&lt;0.05). Diabetic + cactus became normoglycemic at week 3 and diabetic+ Metformin at week 4. The histological examination of the lungs of the diabetic rats showed disruption in cytoarchitecture with necrotic pneumocyte. Diabetic + cactus and Diabetes + Metformin showed no disruption in their cytoarchitecture and both had healthy pneumocyte present. Cactus only was similar to control. In conclusion, aqueous extract of Cactus showed ameliorative effects on the lung of adult male Wistar rats against the damage caused by diabetes.

TOXIC SYMPTOMS IN WISTAR STRAIN RATS ON SINGLE AND REPEATED DOSAGE FROM THE EXTRACT OF RED BETEL LEAF (Piper crocatum) AS A TOXICITY TEST OF PERIODONTAL POCKET THERAPY

Red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) is one of the potential medicinal plants known to have properties to cure various diseases. The main components of betel leaf exhibit antiseptic, bactericidal, and antioxidant effects. The betel leaf was concentrated into an essential oil containing the antiseptic chemical. The antibacterial power of betel leaf essential oil is due to the content of phenolic compounds and their derivatives that can denature bacterial cell proteins, so it was considered to have potential as a material that could develop for periodontal therapy. After going through the stages of toxicity testing and repeated dose in terms of mortality, changes in body weight, and relative organ index of Wistar strain rats, the study continued to observe the effects that occurred after using single and repeated doses of 100, 400, and 1000 mg/kg BW in vivo using red betel leaf extract with the parameters of observing the behavior of rats studied for 14 days. Observation of the behavior of the test animals on toxic symptoms at each visit consisted of motor activity, straub phenomenon, piloerection, ptosis, corneal reflex, pineal reflex, lacrimation, vasodilation, catalepsy, dangling, reestablishment, walking backwards, circular walking, flexion, haffner, writhing, grooming, tremor, body shaking, vocalizations, urination, defecation, heart rate, salivation, mortality, posture, and breath changes before and after dosing for 14 days. From the observations, the analysis of the data obtained is primary data. Primary data in the form of qualitative data was obtained from data on effects that occurred after the rats were given a dose. After processing the data, the data is presented in tabular and narrative form based on the observations by showing the test dose used, the number of animals showing a toxic effect, the time of onset of a toxic effect and the percentage of animals in a group showing a toxic result. Based on the results of the study, red betel leaf extract with doses of 100, 400, and 1,000 mg/kg BW which was observed on the first and 14th days, did not cause toxic symptoms in all groups of rats, both on single administration and repeated administration for 14 days.

Histological investigation of aqueous extract of cactus on the heart of diabetic Wistar rats

This study aimed to examine the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Cactus on the Heart of Diabetic Wistar Rats. Thirty adult male Wistar rats weighing between (160-200) g were randomly grouped into five consisting of six rats each viz: A. normal control, B. diabetic only, C. diabetic treated with Cactus, and D. diabetes treated with Metformin only, and E. Cactus extract only. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin of 70mg/kg/body weight. After 72 hours of uninterrupted diabetes (blood glucose≥ 7 mmol), aqueous extracts of Cactus and Metformin were administered orally at 100 mg/kg body weight daily for four weeks and blood glucose level was recorded weekly. After four weeks of extract administration, animals were sacrificed by euthanasia. Organs were weighed and their weight was recorded. Data were analyzed using excel and one-way ANOVA. The findings of this study showed that the blood glucose level of Diabetic +Cactus group and diabetes + Metformin were significant when compared to the diabetic group (p&lt;0.05). The body weight and relative organ weight of the Diabetic +Cactus group and diabetes+ Metformin when compared to the diabetic group was significant P&lt;0.05. Histological findings showed a normal control group had normal histoarchitecture with numerous healthy cardiomyocytes and normal distribution of collagen. Diabetic groups showed many degenerating cardiomyocytes and numerous depositions of collagen. Diabetes +Cactus and Metformin treated groups showed little disruption. Aqueous extract of Cactus showed ameliorative effects on the heart of adult male Wistar rats against the damage initiated by diabetes.

Chinese expert consensus on the pelvic exenteration for primary rectal cancer beyond total mesorectal excision planes and locally recurrent rectal cancer (2023 edition)

Pelvic exenteration is often required for primary rectal cancer beyond total mesorectal excision (PRC-bTME) and locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC). Some patients with radical resection can achieve long-term survival, but they need to face risks, such as huge surgical trauma, serious perioperative complications, permanent loss of organ function and decline in quality of life. Preoperative evaluation of PRC-bTME and LRRC should emphasize multidisciplinary collaboration, and develop individualized diagnosis and treatment strategies. The principles of function preservation and risk-benefit balance in surgery oncology should be followed, and R0 resection should be emphasized. Perioperative complications, surgical trauma and organ function loss should be minimized to achieve the best quality control and balance point. This consensus was formulated by the Colorectal Cancer Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association and the Gastrointestinal Surgery Committee of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care. The draft was formed based on the summary of domestic and foreign research progress and expert experience. After discussion, review and modification by experts, an anonymous voting was conducted for each major opinion, and in-depth verification was carried out according to the principles of evidence-based medicine. Finally, the Chinese expert consensus on the pelvic exenteration with primary rectal cancer beyond total mesorectal excision planes and locally recurrent rectal cancer (2023 edition) was formed. This consensus mainly summarizes the indications and contraindications of PE for PRC-bTME and LRRC, preoperative diagnosis and evaluation, perioperative treatment, as well as the resection scope, surgical methods, reconstruction of related organs, safety and complications of PE, postoperative follow-up and other issues, in order to provide guidance for PE in patients with PRC-bTME and LRRC.

Functional crosstalk between angiotensin receptors (types 1 and 2) and relaxin family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1): Implications for the therapeutic targeting of fibrosis.

Class A, rhodopsin-like, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are by far the largest class of GPCRs and are integral membrane proteins used by various cells to convert extracellular signals into intracellular responses. Initially, class A GPCRs were believed to function as monomers, but a growing body of evidence has emerged to suggest that these receptors can function as homodimers and heterodimers and can undergo functional crosstalk to influence the actions of agonists or antagonists acting at each receptor. This review will focus on the angiotensin type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors, as well as the relaxin family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1), each of which have their unique characteristics but have been demonstrated to undergo some level of interaction when appropriately co-expressed, which influences the function of each receptor. In particular, this receptor functional crosstalk will be discussed in the context of fibrosis, the tissue scarring that results from a failed wound-healing response to injury, and which is a hallmark of chronic disease and related organ dysfunction. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc.

Evaluation of acute, subacute toxicity and in vivo impact of aqueous decoction of Flemingia faginea Guill. &amp; Perr. (Barker) leafy stems on NMRI mice and normotensive Wistar rats

Introduction: Flemingia faginea, a Fabaceae family medicinal plant, has been used for a long time in Burkina Faso for the treatment of hypertension and excess salt. However, the safety of the preparations derived from this plant has not yet been scientifically documented. This study aimed to evaluate the acute and subacute oral toxicity of the leafy stems aqueous decoction of F. faginea (FAD) in healthy normotensive mice and rats and the impact on their normal blood pressure. Material and Methods: The acute oral toxicity study was conducted according to the toxicity class method of the Economic Cooperation and Development Organization (OECD) guideline 423. Subacute toxicity was carried out according to the OECD Guideline 407 for repeated dose chemical toxicity for 28 days. Hematological and biochemical analyzes of blood were performed after autopsy. An evaluation of the impact of the extract on the blood pressure of rats was performed using the non-invasive method. Results: A single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg bw to mice did not cause mortality or clinical signs or symptoms of toxicity during the 14-day study. The FAD was classified in the fifth category of the Harmonized System of Classification of the United Nations and considered practically safe with an estimated 50% lethal dose of 5000 mg/kg bw. Daily gavage of male and female rats with doses of 100,500 and 1000 mg/kg did not result in mortality or significant adverse effects during the 28days of experimentation. There were no significant differences in body weight gain, food &amp;water consumption or relative vital organ weights in treated animals. Analysis of the hematological and biochemical parameters of blood serum did not show significant differences between treated and control animals in this study. Additionally, no aberrant changes were found in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the test animals during the 28 days of inclusion compared to those of the control group. Conclusion: The extract FAD could be considered safe within the doses tested for the results of the toxicological evaluation. However, microscopic, histopathological, and subchronic investigations will have to be carried out to confirm the safety of this extract use.

Development of a voxel S-value database for patient internal radiation dosimetry

PurposePersonalized dosimetry with high accuracy drew great attention in clinical practices. Voxel S-value (VSV) convolution has been proposed to speed up absorbed dose calculations. However, the VSV method is efficient for personalized internal radiation dosimetry only when there are pre-calculated VSVs of the radioisotope. In this work, we propose a new method for VSV calculation based on the developed mono-energetic particle VSV database of γ, β, α, and X-ray for any radioisotopes. MethodsMono-energetic VSV database for γ, β, α, and X-ray was calculated using Monte Carlo methods. Radiation dose was first calculated based on mono-energetic VSVs for [F-18]-FDG in 10 patients. The estimated doses were compared with the values obtained from direct Monte Carlo simulation for validation of the proposed method. The number of VSVs used in calculation was optimized based on the estimated dose accuracy and computation time. ResultsThe generated VSVs showed a great consistency with the results calculated using direct Monte Carlo simulation. For [F-18]-FDG, the proposed VSV method with number of VSV of 9 shows the best relative average organ absorbed dose uncertainty of 3.25% while the calculation time was reduced by 99% and 97% compared to the Monte Carlo simulation and traditional multiple VSV methods, respectively. ConclusionsIn this work, we provided a method to generate the VSV kernels for any radioisotope based on the pre-calculated mono-energetic VSV database and significantly reduced the time cost for the multiple VSVs dosimetry approach. A software was developed to generate VSV kernels for any radioisotope in 19 mediums.

Transcriptome analysis of the response of four immune related organs of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to the addition of resveratrol in feed

Resveratrol (RES) has been found to have immunological enhancement effects on Oreochromis niloticus. In O. nilocticus, the liver, spleen and kidney act as immune target tissues, while intestine works for nutrition sensing organ. In the present study, we determined RES administration on these immune tissues transcriptomic response in genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT), and further analyzed the relationship between transcriptomic response and intestinal microbiota. As results, hepatic hemosiderin and intestinal goblet cells significantly increased with RES addition. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways associated with herpes simplex virus 1 infection, calcium signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules, apoptosis, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathways were enriched. In particular, the differentially enriched genes (DEGs) associated pathways were present in different sampling tissues, times, and comparisons, interestingly, the PPAR signaling pathway was enriched with increasing time of RES addition. The assembled DEGs presented verified expression in the kidney, liver, spleen, and intestine tissues, and fabp6 was highly expressed in the intestine. Serial DEGs of fatty acid-binding proteins (fabp7, fabp7a, fabp10a) decreased in the liver and kidney, and fabp6 significantly increased in the spleen. With time, the pathways of energy metabolism, glycan biosynthesis, and metabolism decreased and increased in the intestinal metagenome. Some Candidatus branches significantly increased (C. cerribacteria and C. harrisonbacteria) and while others decreased (C. glodbacteria, etc.), whereas C. verstraetearchaeota fluctuated with RES addition. slc27a6 and dbi were negatively correlated with bacteria involved in the lipid, energy, and carbohydrate metabolism pathways. The present study suggests that RES supplementation affected lipid metabolism in immune-related organs may be related to the PPAR signaling pathway.

Acute and Subchronic Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Herbal Formulation: Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav., Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume, and Phyllanthus niruri L. in Sprague-Dawley Rats.

The product combination of Piper crocatum Ruiz. and Pav., Phyllanthus niruri Linn., and Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) BL ethanolic extract (SKM) exerts immunomodulatory activity. However, the toxicity profile of the combination has never been investigated. This study aimed to establish the acute toxicity profile of the SKM product on Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and its subchronic toxicity profile on female SD rats. The acute and subchronic toxicity tests were conducted in accordance with OECD 423 and OECD 408, respectively. The SKM product was safe up to 5000 mg/kg b.w. in male and female SD rats. In repeated doses of SKM for 90 days, the administration of 22.5, 45, and 90 mg/kg b.w. per day of the SKM product to female SD rats did not affect clinical signs, body weight, food and water consumption, hematological parameters, clinical chemical parameters, urinalysis, relative organ weights, and gross pathological and histopathological features compared with the control group. Analyses of these results suggest that the long-term oral administration of the SKM product for 90 days does not cause subchronic toxicity.