Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Research Articles

Prevalence of Work-Related Repetitive Stress Injuries amongst the Health Care Workers in Large Tertiary Care Hospital

Prevalence of Work-Related Repetitive Stress Injuries amongst the Health Care Workers in Large Tertiary Care Hospital

The moderating effect of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in relation to occupational stress and health-related quality of life of construction workers: a cross-sectional research

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), occupational stress, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL); identify the factors that affect HRQoL; and investigate the moderating effects of WMSDs on occupational stress and HRQoL.MethodsThe participants were construction workers who had worked in the construction industry for over three months. A total of 178 construction workers voluntarily participated and anonymously completed the musculoskeletal symptoms questionnaire, the Korean Occupational Stress Scale, short-form 36. The moderation effect of WMSDs on occupational stress and HRQoL were analyzed by Haye’s Process Macro Model.ResultsThe results of the study showed that 96 subjects (53.9%) had WMSDs, and the most common pain site was the lower back (33.3%). The group with WMSDs had higher occupational stress than did the group without WMSDs (p < 0.01). Compared with the group without WMSDs, the group with WMSDs displayed significant differences in HRQoL (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the factor affecting HRQoL was WMSDs (p < 0.001). In the impact of occupational stress on HRQoL, WMSDs had a significant moderating effect (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that construction workers’ WMSDs significantly impact occupational stress and HRQoL, and WMSDs have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between occupational stress and HRQoL. Therefore, to improve the HRQoL of workers in the construction industry, it is necessary to develop methods to reduce occupational stress and prevent and treat WMSDs.

PREVALENCE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AMONG IT PROFESSIONALS IN TECHNOPARK THIRUVANANTHAPURAM

Musculoskeletal disorders or MSDs are soft tissue injuries caused by sudden or sustained exposure to repetitive motion, force, vibration and awkward positions. IT Professionals represent an occupational group where chances to develop MSDs are high because of their work pattern, in which they have fixed or constrained body position, continual repetition of movements, force concentrated on small parts of the body, like hand or wrist or a pace of work that does not allow sufficient recovery between movements. In India, many studies were done to evaluate the prevalence of MSDs among other occupational groups but not much among IT Professionals. This study has been carried out to determine the prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) among IT Professionals. The study design was cross sectional with information technology (IT) Professionals working in Technopark Thiruvananthapuram as the study population. The sampling method used for the survey is the simple random sampling. Data was collected using a modified version of Dutch musculoskeletal questionnaire. Chi-square (χ2) test was applied for statistical significance and associations were assessed through p value with 95% confidence interval. Prevalence of work related MSD during last 12 months, was 36.57%. The common prevalence of work related MSD reported during last 12 months based on their body region were neck (83.42), shoulders (76.57%), and back (61.71%). There was a statistically significant difference in terms of experience, sitting for long period, using key board and working in the same posture for long period. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of age, BMI, gender, education. The study has concluded that MSD is prevalent among IT Professionals working in Technopark Thiruvananthapuram..

A Study to Assess Prevalence of Developing Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Nursing Students at KPGU University – A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) present as pain or discomfort in the musculoskeletal system that individuals experience from work-related activities. Substantial research evidence exists on qualified nurses with WRMSDs, but there is a distinct lack of research regarding nursing students and their work environment in Vadodara. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among nursing students in Vadodara.Methodology : A cross sectional study involving a self administered questionnaire was initiated among the undergraduate nursing students at the KPGU University, Vadodara. All 100 undergraduate nursing students were given the opportunity to participate by completing the questionnaire. Data analysis consisted of frequencies,descriptive and custom tables. The Chi-square test for association was used to test the associations between variablesResult: The study found a 60% prevalence of MSDs. Musculoskeletal disorders occurred most commonly in the lower back (46%), neck (12%) and shoulder(10%), ankle/feet(17%) regions.Conclusion: At the Drs Kiran and Pallavi Patel Global University (KPGU), there is a high frequency of MSDs(60%) among undergraduate nursing students. The highest prevalence rate for lower back pain during the past12 months was observed.

Work related musculoskeletal disorders in school teachers: risk factors, prevalence, and association with health-related quality of life in Emirate of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

Introduction. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal pain (MSP) and correlations between associated risk factors, physical activity levels, stress, and quality of life among schoolteachers in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study using SPSS version 23.0 for the statistical analysis, was conducted using the Shapiro–Wilk test, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA test to compare the quality of life scores and stress level scores based on variables. Results. In total, 342 teachers working in private and public schools were recruited. Our results showed a high prevalence of MSP among teachers. The most reported areas were the lower back, shoulder, and neck, followed by the upper back. The suggested causes are long hours spent on devices, as the average hours spent on devices range from 6 to 9 hours, heavy load of teaching from 16 to 30 classes per week, old age in most participants (35 years and above), and low physical activity. Moreover, quality of life is low among teachers with known chronic medical conditions and teachers working in private schools. Stress was moderate when all variables were tested. Conclusion. Work-related MSP are highly prevalent among schoolteachers in the UAE. A high prevalence is associated with older age, longer teaching hours, higher teaching load, poor quality of life, and moderate stress.

A Manuscript on the Knowledge and Practice of Ergonomic Principles in Patient Handling Among Physiotherapists in Nigeria

Patient handling in Physiotherapy involves moving or lifting a body part, repetitive movement and sustained posture. These tasks if carried out wrongly can lead to work related musculoskeletal disorders [WMSDs]

PENYULUHAN IMPLEMENTASI PERSONAL RISK ASSESSMENT TERHADAP WORK RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDER SYNDROM (WMSDs) PADA LOADERMAN AREA PACKING PLANT PT SOLUSI BANGUN ANDALAS

Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorder Syndrome (WMSDs) is a group of disorders of muscles, tendons, and nervous system caused by repeated and continuous static loads for a certain period it will cause damage to joints, ligaments, and tendons. The purpose of this research is to find out whether the implementation of the Personal Risk Assessment program has been effective in preventing the risk of musculoskeletal disorders on the loader man at packing plant Solusi Bangun Andalas Inc area, by analyzing the relationship of factors thought to be associated cause WMSDs, namely workload, work posture, repetition, duration, and vibration. This research is quantitative with a cross-sectional method. Data was collected by distributing Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Nordic Body Map (NBM) worksheet questionnaires to 30 samples. Data analysis was performed in univariate and bivariate using the Chi-Square test. The results of the workload test with complaints of WMSDs got a p-value of 0.005, work posture with complaints of WMSDs with a result of p 0.004, repetitions with complaints of WMSDs with a result of p 0.013, duration with complaints of WMSDs with a result of 0.008 and vibration with complaints of WMSDs with a result of 0.002, and the conclusion show that the Personal Risk Assessment program is ineffective in preventing WMSDs risk

Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Primary Health Care Workers in Minna, Niger State

Work related musculoskeletal disorders are conditions that health care providers are themselves highly prone to from their daily activities of handling patient care. This study was conducted among primary healthcare workers in Minna, Niger State to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) resulting from performing occupational duties in PHC centers. The objective of this study was to investigate the proportion of healthcare workers affected by work-related musculoskeletal disorders and the most common disorder affecting this category of people. The NMQ was used to gather information from respondents. A total of 334 workers of the PHC centers were selected through purposive sampling which comprised of clinicians with the exception of administrative and other support staff. After analysis of data lower back pain showed the highest prevalence (41%) followed by shoulder pain (18%) and neck (14%). The majority of PHC workers in Minna metropolis are affected with low back pain. It is the most common WRMSD among clinicians. This is also in alignment with the global menace of low back pain as one of the most common reasons for individual work absenteeism. High-quality experimental studies, such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs), are needed to investigate specific etiological factors responsible for these disorders and objective means to quantify the level of discomfort from these disorders. Keywords: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders, Low back pain, prevalence, Healthcare worker, clinicians, primary health care centers, Minna metropolis, Niger State.

Effect of day time on smartphone use posture and related musculoskeletal disorders risk: a survey among university students

BackgroundMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the most important problems among young smartphone users worldwide. Portability leads to a wide variety of postures during the different activities of the day. The objective evaluation of these postures coupled with ergonomic tools allows evaluating the level of MSD risk to which users are exposed.MethodsThe purpose was to investigate the effect of the time of day on the posture adopted during smartphone use among university students. The study was conducted through a cross-sectional survey of 263 university sports students. Four time of day, i.e. morning, afternoon, evening and night, and a taxonomy of 41 postures called SmarTaxo were considered. SmarTaxo included 18 sitting, 11 standing, 10 lying and 2 walking postures and their ergonomic score. After checking the normality of the data, a non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test was used to study the effect of the time of day on the use duration of the different postures.ResultsThe total mean duration use per typical weekday was 5.39 ± 2.19 h for males and 5.15 ± 1.60 h for females with maximal duration during evening. The average smartphone use durations were statistically longer in afternoon and evening for all sitting (9.44 and 9.22 min respectively, p < 0.05) and calling (3.38 and 3.33 min respectively, p < 0.05) postures. The longest duration for standing postures was recorded for afternoon (8.91 min, p < 0.05). The lying postures were significantly more present in evening (19.36 min). Some postures were more used during a time of day. The side-lying posture was used more in evening and has an ergonomic score of 6, i.e. a high MSD risk.ConclusionsThe survey showed that users are exposed to MSDs regardless of posture and time of day. Sitting postures are used more in the morning and afternoon while lying postures are used more in the evening. As long as the rate of use is so high (> 5 h per day), young people will remain highly exposed to MSDs.

Structural equation modelling of work related musculoskeletal disorders among dumper operators

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of personal factors, habitual factors, and work-related factors on work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) among dumper operators. In total, 248 dumper operators working in an iron ore mine were considered for this study. A questionnaire was developed and administered to collect dumper operators' personal, habitual, and work-related data. The reliability of the questionnaire was cross-checked by Cronbach alpha and the test–retest method. The values of Cronbach alpha for all latent variables were above 0.7, and the correlation coefficient of the questionnaire items at Time 1 and Time 2 was above 0.82. After verifying the validity (i.e., convergent and divergent) of the questionnaire data, the relationship between the factors under consideration was examined by structural equation modeling (SEM). The SEM demonstrated a moderate fit, with frac{{upchi }^{2}}{df} value of 1.386, comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.86, goodness-of-fit index (GFI) of 0.72, adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI) of 0.69, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) of 0.83, normed fit index (NFI) of 0.71 and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.051. The SEM analysis revealed a positive relationship between WRMSDs and personal factors (with path coefficient = 0.313 and p < 0.05) as well as work-related factors (with path coefficient = 0.296 and p < 0.05). However, the relationship between WRMSDs and habitual factors was not statistically significant (with path coefficient = 0.142 and p > 0.05). Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the factors that influence the prevalence of WRMSDs among dumper operators. The findings highlight the significance of personal and work-related factors by which one can make a positive decision to prevent and reduce the incidence of WRMSDs among dumper operators.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Police Employees: A Survey Study

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are a widespread and increasing occupational health problems worldwide. The disorders that result from work related event are known as “work related musculoskeletal disorders” where workers experience discomfort in one or multiple body parts, pain in joints, tingling and swelling. MSDs are reported to significantly impact on quality of life, cause lost work time, increase work restriction, or disability. The police have high possibility of showing musculoskeletal pains due to rough physical activities, including duties, traffic control, driving, security, sports and drills, and handling heavy equipment, and are highly hospitalized or treated. Aim and Objectives: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of Musculoskeletal disorders in Police Employees. Methodology: The study was conducted among 100 police employees. The data was collected using Self - Administered Questionnaire, Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and Operational Police Stress Questionnaire. Result and conclusion: The 12-month prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among police employees was 72%. Neck pain (51%) was found to be most prevalent followed by lower back (45%). The occurrence of Musculoskeletal Disorders was associated with factors such as age, work experience, longer working hours per day, daily alcohol consumption, and prolonged seated posture. Additionally, the study identified various operational stressors among police employees, including shift work, working alone at night, high overtime demands, fatigue, and unhealthy eating habits at work. Thus, strategies should be implemented to manage shifts, provide support and resources, promote healthy lifestyles, and mitigate fatigue, ultimately fostering a healthier and more resilient workforce that benefits both individual officers and overall law enforcement effectiveness. Keywords: Prevalence, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Risk Factors, Police Employees.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding the Prevalence of Occupation Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Ergonomics among Dental Practitioners in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi, Cross Sectional Survey

Introduction: The precise, minute nature of dental treatments renders a dentist particularly sensitive to ergonomic-driven hazards. Ergonomics is the study of adapting the work environment to the worker for maximum efficiency and safety. There are many contributing factors that may result in multiple occupational hazards for dentists, including inappropriate working hours, odd postures, poor ergonomics practice, a small workspace with restricted movement, and prolonged standing, which can overstretch the cervical spine and lumbar region and cause other MSDs like damage to the muscles, joints, bones, ligaments, tendons, nerves, and blood vessels. Methods and Materials: A cross sectional survey was conducted in a private tertiary care hospital. A closed ended questionnaire with informed consent will be distributed to the participants. Results: According to specialty 77.8% were general practitioner, 8.2% were maxillofacial specialist, 3.5% were specialist in restorative dentistry, 2.9% were Periodontist and orthodontist followed by 1.2% with Endodontist and Paedodontist. Conclusion: Effective ergonomics application can reduce the risk of strenuous injuries by enhancing the working environment; nevertheless, ineffective ergonomics application can result in a variety of health risks that could eventually cause disability that ends a career. For dental professionals to successfully care for patients and concentrate on their work, we need to develop primary and secondary prevention methods to reduce the prevalence of work-related MSDs among them.

Work related musculoskeletal disorders in occupational taxi drivers of Mahabaleshwar.

Drivers experience WRMDs as a result of their prolonged posture, mechanical pressures, and long work hours. Additionally, previous studies have demonstrated an increase in low back issues as a result of poor posture, heavy workload like lifting, whole-body vibration etc. The objective was to examine the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Mahabaleshwar’s occupational taxi drivers. The participants in this survey-based study totaled 100 individuals. Using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), WRMDs were examined. Nearly 87% of the drivers were found to have WRMDs, and 49% of the drivers reported having low back pain. The working hours were also assessed, and it was found that sustained posture for extended periods of time most frequently affected the low back, neck, knees and wrist/hands. This suggests that sustained postures may be one of the risk factors for WRMDs in occupational taxi drivers. Taxi drivers have a higher risk of developing the WRMDs.

Work related musculoskeletal symptoms; exposures and perception towards physiotherapeutic interventions at work setting in teachers and caregivers of special schools in Pune – a questionnaire based study

Background: Teachers and caregivers at special schools are at a risk of developing work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) as they tend to work in awkward postures. It is important to identify musculoskeletal complaints and exposure levels to incorporate work site modifications to reduce risk of developing WRMSDs. Also understanding their perception towards physiotherapy might help in better implementation of worksite wellness programs. Methods: Participants were administered nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ), quick exposure check (QEC) questionnaire and a self-designed questionnaire with five domains. Results: Out of the 66 participants, 36 were teachers and 30 were caregivers. Results of NMQ stated that, 20 participants reported to have pain. 50 participants had discomfort in the form of stiffness, fatigue. Assessment via QEC revealed, 39 participants were exposed at a lower level, followed by 22 and 5 who were exposed at moderate and higher level of the risk factors causing WRMSDs respectively. 26 participants were not engaged in regular physical activity. 26 participants had never been explained about safe and ideal ways to handle children with special needs in order to prevent WRMSDs. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal pain was predominantly in the lower back, shoulder/arms, and neck region. Almost 60% of participants were exposed at a lower level to the risk factors leading to WRMSDs. All of the participants stated that they would like to attend a training program by a physiotherapist regarding the same.

Effect of manual therapy on music students with playing-related musculoskeletal disorders: a prospective study.

Playing Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (PRMD) belong to the most prevalent medical ailments affecting musicians' health and career. This study documents the effect of a physiotherapeutic treatment as well as functional impairments of PRMD on the musculoskeletal system. In total, 32 music students suffering from PRMD were examined in Hanover Medical School (MHH) before and after they received twelve physiotherapeutic treatments, which were carried out over 20 min each over 6 weeks. Additionally, 32 healthy music students, matched by age and gender, were examined at one time point in the MHH to explore which musculoskeletal restrictions are associated with PRMD. The examination included the evaluation of the pain on the Visual Analogue Scale for pain (VAS), a body composition, and body posture measurement, the finger-to-floor distance, the range of motion of the cervical spine, the pressure pain and muscular hypertension examination, the temporomandibular joint-test, the Beighton score screening test, and the testing of the widespread pain score (WSP). After analyzing the data of the patient group (PG) a significant reduction of pain level on the VAS from an average pain of 6.31 to 3.53 was found (large effect). Additionally, a significant reduction of the pressure pain of the M. levator scapulae, the M. rhomboideus, the M. sternocleidomastoideus on the left side and the paravertebral muscles of the cervical spine on the right side after the treatment of the patients could be detected. Regarding the WSP, the positive testing significantly differed, showing a 28% positive testing in the patient group vs. a positive testing of 9% in the control group (CG). As hypermobility is a common phenomenon in musicians, the percentage of those being diagnosed with generalized hypermobility by using the Beighton score in both groups (PG: 37.5%; CG: 25%) was remarkably higher compared to previous studies. In this study, a short course of manual therapy, client tailored for each musician's specific problem, was shown to reduce pain levels in musicians with PRMD.

Ion channels involved in inflammation and pain in osteoarthritis and related musculoskeletal disorders.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a currently incurable, chronic, progressive and debilitating musculoskeletal condition. One of its hallmark symptoms is chronic nociceptive and neuropathic pain, which significantly reduces the quality of life of OA patients. While research into the pathomechanisms of OA pain is ongoing and several pain pathways are well understood, the true source of OA pain remains unclear. Ion channels and transporters are key mediators of nociceptive pain. In this narrative review article, we summarize the state-of-the-art in relation to the distribution and function of ion channels in all major synovial joint tissues in the context of pain generation. We provide an update on the ion channels likely involved in mediating peripheral and central nociceptive pathways in the nervous system in OA pain, including voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels, members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family, and purinergic receptor complexes. We focus on ion channels and transporters that have a potential to be candidate drug targets for pain management in OA patients. We propose that ion channels expressed by the cells of constituent tissues of OA-afflicted synovial joints including cartilage, bone, synovium, ligament and muscle, should be more thoroughly investigated and targeted in the context of OA pain. Based on key findings from recent basic research articles as well as clinical trials, we propose novel directions for the development of future analgesic therapies to improve the quality of life of OA patients.

The Role of Organization Culture Management of Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of Masonry in Construction Workplaces: Case Study, Nairobi County, Kenya

Globally masonry workers are often exposed to work-related risks resulting to development of musculoskeletal disorder and associated diseases affecting their body's movements. Despite the gains made, existing workplace risk management preventive and control methods have not adequately addressed this problem. The investigation was on the role of organizational culture in the management of musculoskeletal disorders of masonry workers in Building Construction Works, Nairobi County. Multiple-case study methods were employed to complete the inquiry. The study was guided by the complexity theory. A review of the existing literature in the field of the study was carried, and the knowledge gap for the study identified. The field data was collected using questionnaires and interview guides. Paired null and alternative hypotheses for the study were defined. The data collected was subjected to descriptive and inferential analysis for logical patterns, relationships and level of statistical significance. The key findings of the study showed involvement of masonry workers in risk management decision-making, work performance, process audits and reviews. The Pearson correlation results (P&lt;= 0.05) showed that organizational culture was positively related to workers musculoskeletal disorder of masonry workers. The regression model summary results of the study indicated that R =.576, implying that the organization's culture, OSH government policies, and challenges correlated at .576. The study results for the coefficient for multiple-regression determination (R- squared) was .332, implying that the changes in independent variables influenced changes in the dependent variable by 33.2%. Other factors beyond the scope of this study explained the remainder 66.8% out of 100% of the changes. However, the figure does not reveal information about the causation relationship between the independent and dependent variables or indicate the correctness of the regression model. Keywords: Role of Organization Culture, management, Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders, masons, building construction workplaces.

Prevalence and Coping Strategies of Work related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Food Delivery Men in Vadodara Region: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Prevalence and Coping Strategies of Work related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Food Delivery Men in Vadodara Region: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Work related musculoskeletal disorders among dermatologists: A review

AbstractBackgroundWork Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSD's) is an entity that includes conditions and diseases that are caused or aggravated by a person's workplace conditions. Multiple studies have been published regarding WRMSD's affecting physicians among different specialties; however the prevalence and nature of WRMSD's affecting dermatologists is unknown.MethodsThe electronic database MEDLINE was searched through PubMed and the google scholar platform in February 2022 using the following search terms: “dermatologists AND work related musculoskeletal disorders”, “dermatologists AND ergonomics”, as well as “physicians AND work related musculoskeletal disorders”. All articles involving dermatologists or dermatology residents were included in this study.ResultsOur search revealed that WRMSD's among dermatologists were assessed in 11 Articles. However, Most literature addressing the topic of WRMSD's among dermatologists is focused on Mohs surgeons with only one article discussing dermatologists in general. The main complaints were pain and stiffness involving the neck, shoulders, and the lumbar area of the back, respectively.ConclusionDermatologists in general are more likely to develop WRMSD's due to the nature of their work and the procedures they perform. However, there are very few articles published regarding this matter, and consequently, little is known about the WRMDs that affect dermatologists and the ergonomic solutions that could be applied to prevent them.

Musculoskeletal Disorders in People Working as Saree Sellers

Background: People working as Saree Sellers need to adopt awkward postures and wrong sitting arrangements and repetitive movements of the upper and lower limbs, which may predispose them to work related musculoskeletal disorders(WRMSDs). MSDs are a major cause of morbidity, illness and disability. The aim of the study was to find Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders(MSDs) among Saree Sellers of Ahmedabad. Method: Cross-sectional study was conducted on people selling sarees in shops, since at least one year using convenience sampling. A questionnaire was generated. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire including close-ended questions. Descriptive analysis was done. Result: Total 56 workers completed the study-47(84%)males and 9(16%)females, mean age(39.1+11.2)years. 55(99%) workers worked for &gt;8 hours a day, 39(70%)worked 7days/week. 34(61%) were working for &gt;10 years. 30(54%) of workers had pain in last 12 months. 10(17%) had problem in knees and 4(7%) had problem in ankles as they have to get up for &gt;5 times a day as reported by 32(57%)workers. 35(62%) had received surgical and 4(7%) had taken physiotherapy treatment. Conclusion/implications: Occurrence of MSDs among saree sellers, was found to be about 50%, particularly in the knee, ankle. Awareness about physiotherapy and ergonomics may be less in this industry. The working conditions need to be studied and steps taken to reduce the WRMSDs problems in this industry, ergonomic interventions can be suggested in the work places. Keywords: Prevalence, Ergonomics, Work related musculoskeletal disorders. Funding acknowledgement: None