Reinforced Aluminum Research Articles

Experimental investigation of Glass Laminate Aluminium Reinforced Epoxy characteristics influences through low velocity impact test

ABSTRACT The fibre being one of the recently implemented advanced materials in distinctive applications is being reinforced with metals to constitute a unique composite laminate. This reinforcement will enhance the sustenance property of the laminate used in automotive sectors. In most automotive sectors, drop weight analysis at varying velocity ranges is performed to evaluate the damage characteristics of the vehicle body. Hence, the present work leads us through the study on influence of low-velocity impact at varying heights over the Glass Laminate Aluminium-Reinforced Epoxy (GLARE) laminate characteristics. Here, the laminate of constant thickness was subjected to drop weight impact. Three distinct thicknesses of (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mm) Al-2024 T3 aluminium alloy were used. The results indicate that laminate can sustain up to critical load in terms of impact velocity as 3.13 m/s, and beyond which, it leads to delamination damage at 3.49 m/s. The above results indicate that the maximum absorbed energy by the laminate before catastrophic failure (crack) was noticed to be 14.43 J in the case of sample B. Further, it is noticed that GLARE laminate with 0.3 mm face sheet thickness has best results with reference to both absorbed energy and damage when compared with other thicknesses.

Magnetic, Electrical, and Physical Properties Evolution in Fe3O4 Nanofiller Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composite Produced by Powder Metallurgy Method.

An investigation into the addition of different weight percentages of Fe3O4 nanoparticles to find the optimum wt.% and its effect on the microstructure, thermal, magnetic, and electrical properties of aluminum matrix composite was conducted using the powder metallurgy method. The purpose of this research was to develop magnetic properties in aluminum. Based on the obtained results, the value of density, hardness, and saturation magnetization (Ms) from 2.33 g/cm3, 43 HV and 2.49 emu/g for Al-10 Fe3O4 reached a maximum value of 3.29 g/cm3, 47 HV and 13.06 emu/g for the Al-35 Fe3O4 which showed an improvement of 41.2%, 9.3%, and 424.5%, respectively. The maximum and minimum coercivity (Hc) was 231.87 G for Al-10 Fe3O4 and 142.34 G for Al-35 Fe3O4. Moreover, the thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity at a high weight percentage (35wt.%) were 159 w/mK, 9.9 × 10−4 Ω·m, and the highest compressive strength was 133 Mpa.

Research on Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Multilayer Graphene Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composite

In order to solve the problem of the dispersion of graphene in aluminum-based composite materials, a high-energy ball milling method was used to prepare graphene/aluminum-based composite powder, and then the graphene/aluminum composite material was obtained by vacuum hot pressing. XRD, SEM, TEM were used to analyze and study the morphology and microstructure of graphene/aluminum-based composite powders, and the tensile mechanical properties, hardness and fracture morphology characteristics of graphene/aluminum-based composites. The research results show that the addition of graphene can reduce the cold welding of aluminum powder during the high-energy ball milling process, and obtain better dispersed graphene/aluminum composite powder; when the content of graphene is 1 wt.%, the composite material The tensile strength can reach 295.62 MPa, the hardness is 113.6HV, which is 24% higher than the pure aluminum tensile strength, and the hardness is increased by 20%; graphene exists in the dimples of the tensile fracture, under the action of tensile force, Graphene can carry load transfer and improve the tensile strength of composite materials, which is the enhancement mechanism of graphene in aluminum-based composite materials.

Surface Investigation of Physella Acuta Snail Shell Particle Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites

Aluminium-matrix composite is one of the most preferred engineering materials and is known for its potential benefits, such as lightweight nature, high specific stiffness, superior strength, machinability, etc. The metal–matrix composites are very attractive for critical applications: Aerospace field, defense deployments, automotive sector, marine industry. In the present work, novel Physella Acuta Snail Shell particle reinforced aluminium metal–matrix composites are developed to facilitate cost-effective and sustainable manufacturing. These green composites are developed by stir-casting with LM0 as matrix material and snail shell as reinforcement with a distinct percentage (by weight) of inclusion. The influence of snail shells is analyzed through tribological, morphological, and corrosion studies. Aluminium–matrix composite Al98SNS2 with 98% (by weight) aluminium matrix and 2% (by weight) snail shell reinforcement exhibits superior performance in all investigations. Al98SNS2 composite exhibits the least wear rate in the atmosphere of deionized water and 3.5% NaCl. Corrosion deteriorates the surface roughness irrespective of the percentage of incorporation of snail shell reinforcement. However, the deterioration is minimal in Al98SNS2. The current research findings indicate that the incorporation of snail shell in aluminum metal–matrix composites promotes cost-effective, sustainable, and eco-friendly manufacturing.

Influence of Dual Range Particle Size on Wear and Friction Properties of Ilmenite Reinforced Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite

Influence of Dual Range Particle Size on Wear and Friction Properties of Ilmenite Reinforced Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite

Assessing the electrical property of carbon nanotube reinforced oxide ceramic matrix composites produced by ceramic injection moulding

Owing to its remarkable properties, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are attracting the interest for realization of sensors. The potential of MWCNTs for high temperature sensing applications was investigated by integration within reinforced aluminium oxide ceramic composite. MWCNTs up to 2 wt% were mixed with reinforced aluminum oxide ceramic composite using solution mixing method to ensure good homogeneilty of the oxide ceramic composite powders. Specimens were realized using ceramic injection moulding process (CIM) followed by debinding and sintering procedures. The topography of specimens were examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Electrical measurements were also carried out. The results show good demouldability at high MWCNTs concentration and homogenous distribution of the MWCNTs within the oxide ceramic matrix. AFM images illustrate the reduction of surface roughness by increasing the MWCNTs content which demonstrates the role of MWCNTs to improve the fracture resistance of the oxide ceramic matrix composite. As well, the electrical resistance of the feedstocks were reduced sharply. After sintering process, the resistance range drops enormously from M Ω to reach 12.1 Ω at low MWCNTs content; which make them suitable to be as electrode with high temperature capability. The electrical resistance temperature dependency shows a negative temperature coefficient behaviour with negligible resistance change.

Dimensional Stability of Mirror Substrates Made of Silicon Particle Reinforced Aluminum.

In the present study, the thermal cycling stability of mirrors made of silicon particle reinforced aluminum compounds, containing an amount of 42 ± 2 wt.% silicon particles, is investigated with respect to thermal loading. The compound is processed by single-point diamond turning to optical mirrors that were subsequently thermally cycled in a temperature range between 40 °C to −60 °C and between 20 °C and −196 °C, respectively. The residual shape change of the optical surface was analyzed using Fizeau interferometry at room temperature. The change of shape deviation of the mirrors is compared with dilatometric studies of cylinders using the same temperature regime. Due to different coefficients of thermal expansion of the two constituents of the compound, thermal mismatch stresses in the ductile aluminum matrix and the brittle silicon particles are induced by the investigated thermal loads. The plasticity that occurs causes the formation of dislocations and stacking faults as substantiated by Transmission Electron Microscopy. It could be shown that the silicon particles lead to the cold working process of the reinforced aluminum matrix upon thermal cycling. By using interferometry, a higher dimensional stability of mirrors made of silicon particle reinforced aluminum due to thermal loads is demonstrated.

Synthesis and Characterization of Bioceramics Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites

Synthesis and Characterization of Bioceramics Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites

Towards the Enhanced Mechanical and Tribological Properties and Microstructural Characteristics of Boron Carbide Particles Reinforced Aluminium Composites: A Short Overview

This paper overviews the fabrication, microstructural characteristics, mechanical properties and tribological behaviour of B4C reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMCs). The stir casting procedure and parameters used to fabricate the Al-B4C composites are discussed. The influence of physical parameters such as applied load, sliding speed and sliding distance on tribological behaviour is analysed. The role of the mechanically mixed layer (MML) and wear mechanisms on the wear behaviour and friction coefficient are emphasised. The overview of tribological behaviour revealed that the Al-B4C composites possess excellent abrasion resistance and the ability to operate over a wide range of physical parameters. The Al-B4C composites exhibited better tribological behaviour when compared with the composites reinforced with conventional reinforcement particles (SiC).

Improvement of Interface Bonding and Thermal Conductivity of Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites with Sn-Cu Coatings

Improvement of Interface Bonding and Thermal Conductivity of Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites with Sn-Cu Coatings

Mechanical and Physical Characteristics of Bubble Alumina Reinforced Aluminum Syntactic Foams Made Through Recyclable Pressure Infiltration Technique

Metal matrix syntactic foams (MMSFs) are advance hybrid materials which reflect synergetic combination of particle reinforced composites and close cell metal foams. Recently, MMSFs have become considerably popular for several industrial areas because of their low density, high compression strength, good ductility and perfect energy absorption ability. In this paper, Al 7075/bubble alumina syntactic foams were fabricated by recyclable pressure infiltration casting method. Macroscopic and microscopic investigations showed that almost flawless infiltration was obtained between 2 – 4 mm hollow bubble alumina spheres and total porosity values of fabricated foams varied between % 43.2 and % 45.6. As for mechanical analyses, all foam samples were subjected to quasi-static compression test (1 mm/min deformation rate) and their crucial properties such as compression strength, plateau strength, densification strain and energy absorption capacity were determined. Besides, aging heat treatment (T6) was applied to certain samples in order to explore probable effects of heat treatment on the mechanical responses. The outcomes indicated that there was a positive relationship between the aging treatment and compressive features. Under the compressive loading, even though T6 treated foams showed a tendency to brittle fracture, their as-cast variants exhibited ductile behavior.

Experimental Investigation of Friction and Wear Behavior of AL7075-TiO2-B4C using RSM, ANN and Desirability Function

Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) are widely used in high strength and light weight applications. AL7075 featuring high fatigue strength, good corrosion and wear resistance makes it to employ as a good vehicle building material and also finds it usage in some important engine components which are subjected to constant wear. In this study, dry sliding wear behaviour of hybrid MMC formed by reinforcement of aluminium 7075 with B4C and TiO2 at 3% and 3% weight fraction respectively is investigated. Reinforced particles are powdered using ball mill, reduced to nano size and uniformly dispersed in aluminium matrix using stir casting method. Specimen was prepared according to ASTM standards and wear tests were conducted. Experiments were conducted with keeping force, speed and distance as input parameters while Coefficient of Friction (CoF) and average wear rate as the output parameters. RSM and ANN models were developed to simulate the experiments. The surface which was subjected to test evidenced that presence of TiO2 and B4C particles protected the material to a certain extent. The tests revealed that wear rate and CoF were greatly influenced by force and distance followed by the speed of the rotating disc. The predictions from RSM and ANN models are also correlated well with the experimental data. ANN model also showed better accuracy and capability for predicting the wear rate and CoF. By desirability function, it was found that the material performed well at a keeping force of 38.9 N, speed of 300rpm and distance of 1000 rpm.

Effect of Silicon Carbide and Alumina Reinforcement of Different Volume Fraction on Wear Characteristics of AL 7075 Hybrid Composites Using Response Surface Methodology

This study investigates the wear performance of Hybrid composite of Aluminium Al 7075 (SiC/Al2O3). The Reinforcements used for the Hybrid composite preparation are Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3). Reinforcements are added in 5%, 10% and 15% in volume percentage in to aluminium alloy for composite preparation. The wear performance of the developed composites was analysed using dry sliding test apparatus. The effect of wear study parameters such as load, sliding distance, sliding velocity on the response of wear rate were predicted. This study revealed that Wear rate was influenced by the load significantly. The addition of reinforcement in hybrid composite increases the wear rate up to 10% of addition and reduces the wear rate at 15% of addition. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) study displays the wear mechanism clearly. This study concludes that the introduction of reinforcements into the aluminium enhances the wear confrontation of the composites considerably. The developed composite may be used in high wear prone zones effectively.

Effects of Solid-State Interfacial Reaction on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites with Heterogeneous Structure

Effects of Solid-State Interfacial Reaction on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites with Heterogeneous Structure

Optimization and Tribological Properties of Hybridized Palm Kernel Shell Ash and Nano Boron Nitride Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites

The tribological properties of hybridized reinforced aluminium matrix composites were optimized using Taguchi and Grey Relational Analysis in conjunction with an L16 orthogonal array. The combination of palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) (0–5 wt. %) along with nano BN reinforcements was taken in interest. Loads and speeds (500, 750, 1000, and 1250 rpm) were employed as control parameters for the experiment. Using a Taber type abrasion machine, the wear samples were made, and the wear experiments were carried out. Speed and load were more important than the percentage of reinforcements in composites when it came to evaluating wear index and loss of volume. With respect to wear index and volume loss, Taguchi‐relational Grey’s analysis identified A3B1C1 (reinforcement = 5 wt. %; load = 500 g; speed = 500 rpm) as the optimal process parameter combination, with a reinforcement of 3 wt. %, load = 500 g, and speed = 500 rpm being the second‐best option. Validation tests have revealed that the anticipated and experiment values at the optimal situations are both within the acceptable range. Performance is influenced more by speed than by load, which is influenced more by the weight percentage of composites, as demonstrated by the application of the Taguchi and Grey Relational Analysis methods.

Comparative Analysis of Hole Surface Quality in CNC Drilling of Novel Sisal Fibre Reinforced Aluminium Wire Mesh Sandwich Composite and Sisal Fiber Laminate With 90°/0°/90° Ply Orientation Angle

Comparative Analysis of Hole Surface Quality in CNC Drilling of Novel Sisal Fibre Reinforced Aluminium Wire Mesh Sandwich Composite and Sisal Fiber Laminate With 90°/0°/90° Ply Orientation Angle

Investigation on Inorganic Salts K2TiF6 and KBF4 to Develop Nanoparticles Based TiB2 Reinforcement Aluminium Composites.

In the current research, AA6082 aluminium alloy matrix composites (AAMCs) incorporated with various weight fractions of titanium diboride (0, 3, 6, and 9 wt%) were prepared via an in situ casting technique. The exothermic reaction between inorganic powders like dipotassium hexafluorotitanate (K2TiF6) and potassium tetrafluoroborate (KBF4) in molten Al metal contributes to the development of titanium diboride content. The manufactured AA6082-TiB2 AAMCs were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties and wear rate (WR) of the AAMCs were investigated. XRD guarantees the creation of TiB2 phases and proves the nonappearance of reaction products in the AMCs. SEM studies depict the even dispersion of TiB2 in the matrix alloy. The mechanical and tribological properties (MTP) of the AAMCs showed improvement by the dispersion of TiB2 particles. The WR decreases steadily with TiB2 and the least WR is seen at nine weight concentrations of TiB2/AA6082 AAMCs. Fabricated composites revealed 47.9% higher flexural strength and 14.2% superior compression strength than the base AA6082 alloy.

Comparative Analysis of hole surface quality in CNC Drilling of Novel Sisal Fibre Reinforced Aluminium Wire Mesh Sandwich Composite and Sisal Fiber Laminate with 45°/0°/45° Ply Orientation Angle

Comparative Analysis of hole surface quality in CNC Drilling of Novel Sisal Fibre Reinforced Aluminium Wire Mesh Sandwich Composite and Sisal Fiber Laminate with 45°/0°/45° Ply Orientation Angle

Interrelating the Breaking Strength of Novel Nano Tungsten Carbide Reinforced Aluminium Alloy Composites with Al-Mg-Cr Alloy

Interrelating the Breaking Strength of Novel Nano Tungsten Carbide Reinforced Aluminium Alloy Composites with Al-Mg-Cr Alloy

Creep of particle and short fibre reinforced polyurethane rubber

Tensile stress–strain testing and creep testing have been carried out on a polyurethane rubber, at three temperatures, with and without either particulate or short fibre alumina reinforcement. A previous paper reported concerning composites with particulate reinforcement and the present work is focused on the effect of the fibres. The samples were made via a blending and extrusion process that produced a certain degree of fibre alignment (along the direction of loading). Prior milling procedures were used to produce fibres with two different ranges of aspect ratio (with averages about 10 and 16). When expressed as true stress–strain relationships, all materials exhibit approximately linear responses. The dependence of stiffness on the volume fraction and aspect ratio of the reinforcement was found to conform well to the Eshelby model predictions. Moreover, the creep behaviour of all of the materials can be captured well by a Miller–Norton formulation, using the average matrix stress predicted by the Eshelby model. A striking conclusion is that it is both predicted and observed that short fibres are much more effective in reducing the creep rate than is the case with particles.