Rehabilitation Policy Research Articles

Inmate Rehabilitation Idea and the Challenges of Policy Implementation in the Nigerian Correctional Centres

The paper examined the challenges of policy implementation in Nigeria with a focus on inmate rehabilitation ideas in Nigerian correctional centres. Attempts to make prisons in Nigeria treatment or rehabilitation centres is not a recent phenomenon but the passage of the Nigerian Correctional Service Bill into law in 2019 was a watershed in the history of correctional rehabilitation in the country. In addition to the change of name to reflect rehabilitation as the goal of incarceration, Section 14 (1&2) of the 2019 Correctional Service Act provides for the rehabilitation of inmates as a core responsibility of the service. Using a desk research approach, the paper explored available information to examine the progress of inmate rehabilitation idea in Nigeria. However, challenges to effective policy implementation have negatively impacted the implementation of inmate rehabilitation policy in the country. Implementing effective inmate rehabilitation policies in Nigeria requires a holistic and sustained effort involving various stakeholders, including the government, non-governmental organisations and the community, staff training, assessment and classification of inmates, removal of legal and social barriers, improved funding, and improved collaboration with the non-governmental organisations.

Summary of Rehabilitation Policies for Children with Disabilities in Mainland China

Background: Rehabilitation policies play a crucial supportive role in the rehabilitation of children with disabilities. Mainland China is home to a significant population of children with disabilities. Comprehensive research into the status of rehabilitation policies for children with disabilities in this region facilitates an in-depth understanding and provides convenience for comprehending and studying the policies concerning the rehabilitation of children with disabilities in mainland China. This effort offers research support for reforming and enhancing the support policies for children with disabilities. Research Method: This study employs a literature analysis approach to examine the rehabilitation policies for children with disabilities in mainland China from 1949 to 2020. It attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the timing, objectives, contents, types, and effectiveness of policy implementation. Results: According to literature statistics, a total of 23 policies closely related to the rehabilitation of children with disabilities were released in mainland China from 1949 to 2020. There are 4 laws and regulations (including 2 revisions), 7 planning outlines, 5 implementation systems or opinions, 5 implementation plans, and 2 norms or standards.

Drug abuse rehabilitation policies in Indonesia: a comparison with Vietnam, Australia and Portugal

This article wants to analyze the judge's verdict orientation of the rehabilitation case for addicts or drug abusers. Far from the construction of rehabilitation laws in Indonesia, there is a diffusion of norms between the health and the criminal approach. Legal research with a constitutional and case approach at the state court in Bali and Yogyakarta. A comparative approach of law with other countries. The study suggests that judges are more likely to drop sentences in prison sentences than in rehabilitation, even though the accused meets the criteria of narcotics law and a writ of avoidance of the Supreme Court. The complaint was merely a recommendation that judges were not required to comply with, as was the case in Portugal and Australia. The judge's paradigm of self-initiated drug abuse, like narcotics crimes, is similar in Vietnam. Whereas the philosophical orientation of the judges in deciding the issue of rehabilitation should be based on principles of humanity and justice as governed by the just and civilized precepts of humanity and the precepts of social justice for all peoples of Indonesia. The judge is required to consider the report on the results of the conviction of both criminal and criminal action to the perpetrator of criminal narcotics. Also, future prescriptions for self-initiated drug abuse recovery should be changed with a health approach, drawing a firm line of distinguishing from narcotics crimes. Process in court with a fast trial, including an arrangement for arrest, was held in a designated rehabilitation facility or hospital.

Identifying the Factors Affecting Methamphetamine Use: A Scoping Review.

One of the critical factors affecting chronic diseases is the use of drugs, especially industrial substances, such as methamphetamine. Methamphetamine use is increasingly common among the younger members of society. Methamphetamine is not only physically and mentally destructive, but also has a significant impact on the families of abusers and society, and imposes a financial burden on society. The present study aims to identify the factors affecting methamphetamine use in a scoping review. Different keywords of methamphetamine were selected in the Mesh database and were searched in valid English databases from January 1, 2008, to April 5, 2022. Inclusion and exclusion criteria in this study were languages, reported findings, time range, and type of article. This study was designed by scoping review method developed by Askey Malley'O. The total articles that were finally analyzed in this article were 42 including 12 English articles and 30 Persian articles. Among these articles, the most important factors affecting Methamphetamine are individual, social, and family factors, which have received the most cited. The majority of research highlights the importance of individual factors, society, and family factors, respectively, while formulating policies for prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation must be considered. It is suggested that structural path analysis be determined by prioritizing the identified factors and the weights of these components.

The effectiveness of post-mining land rehabilitation policy in realizing environmental sustainability: Lessons from Sukageuri View, Kuningan, West Java

The effective management of natural resources is critical in achieving environmental sustainability, and it requires a careful balance of ecological and economic interests. Therefore, this study analyzed the effectiveness of village government policy in managing post-mining land for environmental sustainability using a non-doctrinal legal approach. Primary data were collected through interviews and observations, while secondary data came from regulations, scientific journals, and papers related to post-mining land rehabilitation governance. The study was conducted in Sukageuri View, Kuningan Regency. The study found that the policy implemented by the Cisantana Village Government in managing post-mining land through the establishment of the Village-Owned Enterprise (VOE) in 2016 has been effective. The area, formerly known as Sukageuri View, is home to various flora and fauna species, with several businesses operating and over 114,000 visitors engaging in social activities in 2022. Additionally, the site has contributed to the village's original income and supported the work program of the Cisantana Village Government. In conclusion, the policy implemented by the Cisantana Village Government effectively balances ecological, social, and economic factors, meeting the criteria for environmental sustainability.

The Role of Rehabilitation for Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: Practice and Priorities

The World Health Organization describes rehabilitation as interventions that focus on addressing disability through optimizing functional ability for individuals living with various health challenges in their unique daily life contexts. Rehabilitation services are typically seeking to enhance functional capacity and health, either in concert with, or in place of pharmacologic interventions. These services typically fall into 2 categories, restorative, where the client endeavors to return to a prior level of independent function, and compensatory, where s/he may not. In the latter case, clients might receive, and be trained to use, technology aids or other external supports to enable them to engage in a safe, healthy, and meaningful day-to-day life. For some populations, however, even enhanced functional capacity can present in the form of an insidious, albeit slower decline. So, what is, or should, rehabilitation's role be in progressive neurologic conditions? Specifically, what are the policy and practice implications of rehabilitation for (not in the presence of, but for) the care of persons living with neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease related dementias (AD/ADRD)?

Analisis Kebijakan Rehabilitasi Ekonomi Pelabuhan Kamal Pasca Pengoperasian Jembatan Suramadu

Kamal Port is the main port located in Kamal Village, Bangkalan district, Madura Island, East Java. This port became the center of the crossing of the Madura community from the village of Kamal (Bakalan) to the port of Tanjung Perak (Surabaya). However, with the inauguration of Suramadu Bridge on June 10, 2009, Kamal Harbour experienced a decrease in cruise ship users. The crossing of the ferry, which is 30 minutes longer than the use of the Suramadu Bridge, and the more expensive cost of the Suramudu Bridge are the reasons why people switch from the boat to the bridge. The study aims to analyze the economic rehabilitation policy of Kamal Village as an effort by the government of Bangkalan District to revive the Kamal Port economy. This research will use qualitative descriptive analysis methods with secondary data, where the data is taken based on precise and reliable previous research. The results of this research will refer to the assessment of the potential prospects of the Kamal Port that can be utilized for economic recovery, SWOT analysis as an evaluation of the performance of the Kamal Harbour Maritime Tourism Policy, and economic restoration strategies by assessing the supporting factors suggested by the researchers to improve the Kamal Port economy.

Associations between partisan media consumption, opioid use disorder stigma, and opioid policy support: An exploration of the media’s role in the ongoing opioid epidemic

We report on a preliminary investigation into the relationship between partisan media consumption (PMC) among U.S. adults and their (1) opioid use disorder (OUD) stigma, (2) national OUD policy support (e.g., Medicaid coverage for OUD treatment), (3) local OUD policy support (e.g., safe injection sites), (4) discriminatory OUD policies (e.g., denying housing), and (5) carceral OUD policies (e.g., jailing people who use opioids). We performed a cross-sectional survey of a nationally-representative sample of U.S. adults (n = 6,515) from October 1-November 19, 2021. We surveyed a sample of U.S. adults ages 18 and older drawn from NORC's AmeriSpeak® Panel. AmeriSpeak is a probability-based ongoing panel of over 40,000 households designed to represent the U.S. household population. Cross-sectional analyses revealed significant relationships between PMC and OUD stigma (b = 0.29, p <.001, CI95 = 0.14,0.43), support for national (b = -0.31, p <.01, CI95 = -0.54,-0.09) and local policy responses (b = -0.38, p <.001, CI95 = -0.59,-0.17), and support for discriminatory opioid use disorder policies (b = 0.27, p <.01, CI95 = 0.07,0.45). After controlling for self-reported political affiliation and other potential covariates, Republican-leaning media consumption was significantly associated with increased OUD stigma, less support for national and local harm reduction or rehabilitative policies, and more support for discriminatory policies against individuals experiencing OUD. The opposite associations were observed for Democratic-leaning media consumption. Markers for racism mediated the relationship between PMC and support for carceral policies (indirect path b = -0.41,p <.001, CI95 = -0.50,-0.31). Our results indicate that public health advocates must collaborate with conservative leaders to find bipartisan common ground for targeted communication campaigns.

Foreign Policy Implications in Resettlement and Rehabilitation: A Case Study of Sardar Sarovar Dam Project

Abstract: This research paper explores the foreign policy implications associated with the resettlement and rehabilitation process of the Sardar Sarovar Dam Project in India. The project's objective was to harness the potential of the Narmada River for irrigation, hydropower generation, and drinking water supply. However, the large-scale displacement of local communities raised concerns about human rights, social justice, and environmental sustainability. By examining various sources, including websites and research papers, this paper aims to analyze the foreign policy dimensions of the resettlement and rehabilitation policies implemented in the project, considering both national and international perspectives.

Planning methodology for effective implementation of the rehabilitation policy for drinking water networks

Abstract Algeria is currently experiencing a real water shortage and leaks in the distribution networks, which affect the water supply. To reduce losses, the authorities have adopted a rehabilitation policy that requires resources that are not necessarily available. In this context, the aim of this study is to develop a decision support methodology for managers to enable them to plan urgent rehabilitation and to evaluate the benefits generated. The methodology consists of two phases: the diagnostic phase to identify a set of criteria, taking into account national specificities, and the planning phase, including the choice of Fuzzy-AHP for weighting and PROMETHEE II for ranking. An application is carried out on the Fouka network in Bejaia city (Algeria), consisting of 204 pipes. The application enabled the 204 pipes to be ranked in order of urgency and the benefits generated to be assessed in terms of environmental, economic, social, and technical parameters. The recovered water is significant in the first 60% of rehabilitated pipes. Investment costs are recovered within 3 years of the network being fully rehabilitated. The average reduction in network age is 5 years for every 10% of pipes rehabilitated. Complaints will be 0 after 70% of the pipes are rehabilitated.

Persepsi Orang Dengan Gangguan Penggunaan Zat (ODGPZ) terhadap Kebijakan Rehabilitasi Narkotika

This study was undertaken in order to ascertain the opinions of ODGPZ and to introduce narcotics rehabilitation policies to them, so that the information provided to respondents can provide insight into the world of rehabilitation, particularly in terms of narcotics rehabilitation rules and regulations. The topic of this study is quite sensitive and has a private personality, which makes it difficult to find informants ready to share their stories, particularly about narcotics. The authors used a descriptive qualitative method in this study and were able to collect 4 (four) respondents using the snowball sampling methodology. The findings of this study show that respondents lacked information about narcotics rehabilitation policies, causing them to be unaware of the contents of these rules. The authors then goes on to explain the key points of the rehabilitation policy, concluding that the policy is an effort or form of the government to protect abusers from becoming addicted to narcotics.

A qualitative of stable symptomatology for patients with schizophrenia: do they have adequate post-discharge rehabilitative resources?

Many patients diagnosed with schizophrenia face obstacles to rehabilitation and discharge into the community, particularly with regard to the way resources are structured. Clarifying the difficulties will help health care providers address rehabilitation shortcomings. Semistructured in-depth interviews and participatory observations were conducted in various locations (family home, hospital ward, outpatient clinic, and on the street) with families, social workers, doctors, nursing staff, and patients with schizophrenia. These patients met the medical facility’s hospital discharge standards and either had not been discharged or had been discharged within two weeks of meeting the discharge criteria. This study explores the complex and interdependent role of social differences in the rehabilitation of patients with schizophrenia after acute treatment. The study identified five topics related to structural difficulties in resources for the rehabilitation of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia: (1) the role of policy; (2) inadequate facilities and responsibilities; (3) rejecting communities; (4) difficult families; and (5) the threat of stigma. The rehabilitation of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia is a systemic problem. Systemic rehabilitation policies and integrated social support would be more conducive to the rehabilitation of patients. Perhaps cognitive remediation therapy or the Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) Model could benefit individuals with complex disorders.

A review of literature on slum redevelopment policies of India: Geographies of dispossessions and caste

AbstractThis paper reviews literature and identifies trends in the study of slum redevelopment and rehabilitation policies in India since the country's Independence. In doing so, it brings into conversation literature from various disciplines centered around slum redevelopment and rehabilitation policies of Indian cities. The paper begins by laying out the history of slum redevelopment and rehabilitation policies in India and then contextualizing the policies by examining how they came about and how they correspond to specific moments of the Indian political‐economy, especially the “liberalization” of the market in the 1990s. In the second section, the paper highlights trends in contemporary research on slum redevelopment and rehabilitation policies with a focus on studies on dispossession. The final section identifies a critical omission of the socio‐spatial realities of caste in contemporary studies of slum redevelopment and provides suggestions for future research.

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and War: A Systematic Review

PTSD has been linked in the literature to traumatic experiences of car accidents, natural disasters, sexual assaults and especially war. This is evidenced by the relevant literature research reported in the thesis.&amp;nbsp; The research was guided by PRISMA 2020, which helped to ensure the quality of the research (Page et al., 2021a; 2020b). Initially, research was sought that addressed the association between this disorder and experiences of war. Of the found sources of material, a part was the category of previous similar type of research (N=7) on the relevant topic, from which the usefulness of the present study became apparent, with the limited Greek literature and the focus of the existing one on veteran soldiers. An important finding was the much higher prevalence of the general population and children and youth, compared to veterans. The association between PTSD and war, its intensity and prevalence, depends on other factors such as demographics, the type of trauma, the psychosocial make-up of the individual and his/her socio-cultural identity. There is a need for further research into this phenomenon, with the aim of formulating targeted policies for prevention, treatment-intervention and rehabilitation of people who have experienced the inhuman situations of war.

A maintenance planning framework using online and offline deep reinforcement learning

AbstractCost-effective asset management is an area of interest across several industries. Specifically, this paper develops a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) solution to automatically determine an optimal rehabilitation policy for continuously deteriorating water pipes. We approach the problem of rehabilitation planning in an online and offline DRL setting. In online DRL, the agent interacts with a simulated environment of multiple pipes with distinct lengths, materials, and failure rate characteristics. We train the agent using deep Q-learning (DQN) to learn an optimal policy with minimal average costs and reduced failure probability. In offline learning, the agent uses static data, e.g., DQN replay data, to learn an optimal policy via a conservative Q-learning algorithm without further interactions with the environment. We demonstrate that DRL-based policies improve over standard preventive, corrective, and greedy planning alternatives. Additionally, learning from the fixed DQN replay dataset in an offline setting further improves the performance. The results warrant that the existing deterioration profiles of water pipes consisting of large and diverse states and action trajectories provide a valuable avenue to learn rehabilitation policies in the offline setting, which can be further fine-tuned using the simulator.

Modelling the long-term sustainability impacts of coordination policies for urban infrastructure rehabilitation

Due to structural and hydraulic deterioration, urban water pipe networks have annual rehabilitation needs. Worldwide, these needs are often significantly larger than the actual amount of rehabilitation being performed, leading to increased risks of serious failures, lower performance and a growing techno-financial burden for future generations. It is well accepted that, in order to limit the multiple impacts of utility works in the urban environment, rehabilitation projects should be coordinated between water, transport, energy and telecommunication infrastructures. In practice, such coordination means that public utilities must rehabilitate assets earlier or later than technically needed, in order to engage in joint projects in which digging and resurfacing expenditures are shared. Hence, at the municipal scale, such coordination influences two variables that are key to strategic decision support: average costs (€/metre) for asset rehabilitation, and the service lifetimes of those assets. However, current models for strategic asset management do not enable practitioners to estimate how changes in the coordination process may influence the long-term financial and environmental impacts of infrastructure rehabilitation. The present study aimed at addressing this methodological gap by introducing the concept of a coordination window that quantifies to what extent utilities compromise asset rehabilitation times in order to join multi-utility projects. An algorithm for modelling the influence of the coordination window size on long-term sustainability costs is presented and applied to one Swedish municipality. The results suggested that total capital costs and carbon emissions can be lowered by 34% and 16% with a coordination window of 35 and 25 year, in comparison to the no-coordination case.

Protection and Certainty of Social Welfare Law in the Concept of a Welfare State: Perspective of State Administrative Law

&lt;span&gt;The intervention of the state administration in providing legal protection and certainty for social welfare insurance is very important. However, there are still problems occurring in society, including acts of discrimination against accessing social needs, causing social inequality. The goal of this research is to determine how the government's responsibility in implementing social welfare is to provide legal protection and certainty to the community in the concept of a welfare state from the standpoint of state administrative law and how Arrangements for Social Welfare Policy Based on Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 39 of 2012 Concerning Implementation of Social Welfare This research method is normative-juridical. The results of this study show that the responsibility and authority of the government in implementing social welfare and carrying out the duties of executive power must be based on the will of the state, which is based on statutory regulations established by the legislature. The policies regulated in the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 39 of 2012 concerning the Implementation of Social Welfare are rehabilitation policies, social security policies, social empowerment policies, social protection policies, infrastructure standard policies, community participation policies, registration procedures policies, and policies for institutions that organize social welfare&lt;/span&gt;

Protection of people displaced from India’s sinking islands :

In this article, the authors comment on the interlinkages between human rights and the protection of people on sinking islands in India. Currently, at least two islands in India – Sagar and Ghoramara are on the brink of disappearance due to rising sea levels and coastal erosion in the region. The complete sinking or disappearance of these islands will displace the current residents of these islands. Currently, there is a lack of a relocation or rehabilitation policy to protect people affected by sea-level rise or climate change. The rising sea levels and a lack of policy negatively impact the human rights of the residents of these islands. Against these facts, the authors in this article explore the human rights guaranteed under part III of the Constitution of India that may be applied to protect people displaced from Sagar and Ghoramara. One of the ways to protect these residents is by relocating or resettling them in mainland India in a place that is not prone to hazards. The right to life and equality guaranteed by the Constitution have been previously applied to protect people displaced by other disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis. Given their historical application and success, these two fundamental (human) rights can be applied to protect people from sinking islands without a central policy or law to protect the residents of Sagar and Ghoramara.

ASPECTS OF STRATEGIC POLICY OF FINANCIAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ENTERPRISE

The research emphasizes the relevance of the problem of strategic management in the field of financial rehabilitation of the enterprise. The purpose of the study is the further development of the theoretical-methodical and methodical-applied principles of strategizing the policy of financial rehabilitation of enterprises. It is shown that the dynamism of the external and internal environment of enterprises, the emergence of new systemic and critically complicated threats, such as war and its negative consequences, determine the need for further development of methodological and applied foundations of strategizing the policy of financial rehabilitation of business entities. The principles of the formation of information and analytical support of the management subsystem of the financial rehabilitation of the enterprise are summarized. The position of strategic analysis of financial security in the system of financial rehabilitation of the enterprise is defined. The classical procedure of SWOT analysis with assessment of the company’s strengths and weaknesses in relation to its opportunities and threats from the external environment based on PEST analysis is characterized. The advantages and disadvantages of strategic planning of the financial rehabilitation of a business entity are determined. The principles of budgeting, auditing and control of the process of financial rehabilitation of the enterprise are defined. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the further development of strategic management in the field of financial rehabilitation, ensuring the improvement of the financial condition and strengthening the financial security of economic entities. The applied value of the research results consists in determining the elements of the management mechanism of the financial rehabilitation of the enterprise, in particular, financial interests, functions, principles and methods of management, organizational structure, management personnel, management techniques and technologies, financial instruments, criteria for assessing the financial condition. In this sense, the mechanism for ensuring the financial rehabilitation of the enterprise represents the unity of the management process and the management system.

Cluster Analysis Results for Assessment of COVID-19-Related Mortality Differences Between Russian Regions

Background: Russian state policy for health protection, rehabilitation, and health improvement requires studying regional mortality rates, including those related to COVID-19.Objective: To assess differences in COVID-19-related mortality between the regions of the same federal district.Materials and methods: Mortality data are sourced from death records in the Unified State Register of Civil Status Acts. The data were analyzed using unweighted arithmetic means, specific indicators, and standard deviation (the mean ± standard deviation). To eliminate the distortion by an age factor in mortality rates comparison, we replaced the age structure of the individual region’s population with that of Russia through indirect standardization of mortality rates. We used K-means clustering to group the regions by COVID-19-related mortality rates.Results: In 2021 Russia had 2,446,922 deaths, i.e. 648,615 (36.1%) and 163,645 (7.2%) cases more compared to 2019 and 2020, respectively. Of the total number, 17.3% of cases (424,252) had COVID-19 as a primary cause of death: nearly three times more than in 2020 (144,691 COVID-19-related deaths). Based on the average sizes of all individual age groups related to the respective region, nonstandardized and standardized COVID-19-related mortality rates were 265.30 ± 103.16 and 279.28 ± 91.07 per 100,000 persons in 2021, respectively. The cluster analysis showed that the largest number of regions (28 regions in 8 federal districts) comprised the third cluster with an average mortality rate of 276.26 ± 15.16 per 100,000 persons. The first cluster with an average mortality rate of 406.43 ± 29.26 per 100,000 persons included 12 regions in 7 federal districts. The second сluster included 21 regions (341.49 ± 18.16 per 100,000 persons) in 6 federal districts, the fourth cluster – 17 regions (196.73 ± 25.05 per 100,000 persons) in 6 districts, and the fifth cluster – 7 regions (87.22 ± 12.42 per 100,000 persons) in 5 districts.Conclusions: There is no common explanation for the COVID-19-related mortality differences not only between the regions of the same country but also between countries. This lack of understanding gets worse because one should also separate the pandemic’s health factors from social, psychological, and economic ones. The government should play a more important role in healthcare management, reform payment systems, and eliminate private financial intermediaries used to pay for medical services.Restrictions: The Unified State Register of Civil Status Acts data, which consisted of preliminary death certificates, may differ from the data of the Federal State Statistics Service, which became available to researchers later in 2022.