Rehabilitation Path Research Articles

Psychiatric and psychosocial rehabilitation path in a 44-year-old man with bipolar disorder and cluster B personality dysfunctional traits

article: Psychiatric and psychosocial rehabilitation path in a 44-year-old man with bipolar disorder and cluster B personality dysfunctional traits - Minerva Psychiatry 2022 June;63(2):175-81 - Minerva Medica - Journals

Assessing the outcome of admissions: Pilot study in a High Intensity Psychiatric Residential Facility

Background: The Italian health system related to mental disorders is currently experiencing a period of radical reforms. This process began in 1978 with the adoption of the law 180 which produced a radical reform in mental health care. The problems of the continuous confrontation with increasing levels of expenditure are reflected in the search for models to improve both the efficiency and effectiveness of the health care system. Among these, the value creation model proposes to optimize the relationship between effectiveness, quality, and appropriateness of care on the one hand, and efficiency, cost and how resources are used on the other. The intervention involves redesigning services on the principles of recovery; implementing treatments supported by scientific evidence; encouraging processes of social inclusion. The proposed rehabilitation interventions are recovery oriented that place the person at the center of his rehabilitation path, motivating him in assuming responsibility for the treatment proposed during hospitalization. Objective: Evaluate the impact of the organisational reorganisation of the DSM S.R.R Regional Health Service of Ancona Area Vasta 2 by introducing evidence-based and recovery-oriented practices through the evaluation of clinical outcomes and psychosocial functioning. Methods: Longitudinal descriptive observational study with evaluation of a cohort of 13 patients, hospitalized in residential and semi-residential care at SRP1 “Casa Rossa” Area Vasta 2 of Ancona, by administration of a questionnaire (HoNOS) at the time of recruitment (February 2019), at 6 months (August 2019) and at 12 months (February 2020). The 12 items of the questionnaire were grouped into four subsets: behavioural problems (items 1-3), deficits and disabilities (items 4-5), psychopathological symptoms (items 6-8) and relational/environmental problems (items 9-12). Results: Survey results show a reduction in mean scores at 6 and 12 months compared to baseline in all subscales. Conclusions: Intensive mental health residential facilities need to put more effort into evaluating effectiveness in practice, using appropriate tools for outcome assessment and analysis of results. It is possible, in daily clinical practice, to evaluate the outcome of admissions in order to satisfactorily describe the changes induced during the period of hospitalization.

Influence of Whole-course Rehabilitation Path Nursing Measures on Postoperative Rehabilitation and Prognosis of Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Influence of Whole-course Rehabilitation Path Nursing Measures on Postoperative Rehabilitation and Prognosis of Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Psychometric properties of the Monitoring of the Path of Rehabilitation (MPR) Form.

The correct placement of people with mental disorders in psychiatric residential facilities (PRF) and the monitoring of their progress in these facilities is a critical issue that has not been fully settled in the Italian system. To overcome this problem, some validated instruments are used, which mostly assess the patient's functioning/disability, while no instruments have been set up to assess functional autonomy in patients with a psychiatric disorder residents in RFs. The Verona Department of Mental Health has created the Monitoring of the Path of Rehabilitation (MPR) Form with the aim of assessing the functional autonomy of patients to admit and monitor them adequately in their residential pathways. The aim of this study is to test the main psychometric properties of the MPR Form. The study of the psychometric properties of the MPR Form consisted of three steps: an evaluation conducted more than 15 days apart by two independent evaluators on 18 clinical cases to investigate the test-retest reliability; a test of the 18 clinical cases by the two evaluators to measure the inter-rater rieliability; a measure of convergent validity using the Personal and Social Functioning Scale. Eight professionals completed a satisfaction questionnaire regarding the acceptability of the MPR Form. Inter-rater and test-retest analyses were conducted using intraclass correlation coefficients. Convergent validity was investigated using Kendall's tau-b rank correlation coefficient and acceptability using a frequency analysis. Inter-rater and test-retest reliability were good, as well for concurrent validity and acceptability. The data presented in this article demonstrate that it is possible to measure the functional autonomy of patients in Italian SRPs using the MPR Form.

The Impact of Government Spending on Economic Diversification for the Period (2004-2019) and its Reflection on the Path of Rehabilitation of the Iraqi Economy

The research aims to measure and analyze the relationship between government spending and economic diversification in Iraq for the period (2004-2019), using the ARDL model. The research concluded that there is a long-term positive equilibrium relationship between investment spending and economic diversification in Iraq. When investment spending increases by (1%), this will lead to an increase in economic diversification by (0.23%), assuming that operating spending is stable, and the opposite happens in the case of decline. In addition to the existence of a long-term inverse equilibrium relationship between operating spending and economic diversification in Iraq, as an increase in operating spending by (1%) will lead to a decrease in economic diversification by (0.73%), assuming the stability of investment spending, and the opposite will happen in the event of decline.

Predictors of postoperative hospital length of stay after total knee arthroplasty.

We aimed to collect and analyse clinical and functional variables of patients undergoing rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), to identify the variables that influence the postoperative hospital length of stay (LOS). We conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of 1,082 consecutive patients (746 females and 336 males) who underwent primary TKA and rehabilitation in our orthopaedic institute between January 2013 and July 2017. Clinical and anthropometric data were analysed using a multivariate linear regression model. The average LOS was 5.08 ± 2.52 days in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and 12.67 ± 5.54 days in the Sports Rehabilitation Unit. Factors such as age, female sex and the presence of comorbidities were predictive of a longer stay. The presence of caregiver assistance at home was associated with shorter LOS. There was no evidence of a statistically significant positive association between body mass index and LOS. An in-depth and early knowledge of factors that influence LOS may enable the multidisciplinary team to plan a patient-tailored rehabilitation path and better allocate resources to maximise patients' functional recovery, while reducing LOS and the overall cost of the procedure.

Implementation Path of Intelligent Rehabilitation under the Background of Healthy China Construction

Improving rehabilitation service capacity is an important part of healthy China construction, and intelligent technology is a powerful mechanism for the development of rehabilitation. This paper reviews the background of national policies for the construction of healthy China, analyzes and summarizes the shortcomings that restrict the improvement of rehabilitation service capacity, and recommendations of the implementation path of intelligent rehabilitation. By elaborating the service process of intelligent rehabilitation, the intelligent technical means suitable for integration are analyzed in detail from the four key links of real-time health detection, remote home intelligent rehabilitation intervention, health classification and evaluation standard system and health intervention standard system in order to build the general framework of the implementation path of intelligent rehabilitation. At the same time, taking hypertension rehabilitation as an example, this paper introduces the intelligent rehabilitation practice exploration and reference mode of hypertension intelligent equipment, hypertension rehabilitation clinical research and hypertension rehabilitation database. Finally, in combination with the concept of intelligent Internet of Everything, the definition of Rehabilitation Internet of Things is proposed, and the timing of intelligent rehabilitation in the context of healthy China construction is summarized.

The Fifth Metatarsal Bone Fracture in Athletes - Modalities of Treatment Related to Agility in Soccer Players.

The 5th metatarsal fracture is a common foot fracture which could exclude a player from competition for several months and significantly affect his or her career. This manuscript presents the treatment and rehabilitation of professional soccer players who had acute fractures of the 5th metatarsal bone and a cannulated screw fixation. The main purpose of the analysis was to determine the minimum time necessary for a permanent return to the sport after a 5th metatarsal fracture among professional soccer players. We followed the surgical and rehabilitation path of 21 professional soccer players from the Polish League (Ist and IInd divisions) who suffered from the 5th metatarsal bone fracture. All players underwent standard percutaneous internal fixation with the use of cannulated screws. The total inability to play lasted for 9.2 (± 1.86) weeks among players treated only surgically (n = 10), 17.5 (± 2.5) weeks in the conservative and later surgery group, excluding players with nonunion (n = 6), and 24.5 (± 10.5) weeks for nonunion and switch treatment (n = 4) players. Prompt fracture stabilization surgery is recommended for athletes, enabling the implementation of an aggressive rehabilitation protocol as soon as possible. Early limb loading after surgery (from week 2) does not delay fracture healing or hinder the bone union, thus rehabilitation plays a crucial role in shortening the time of RTP (return to play) and is obligatory for each athlete who undergoes surgical treatment.

Clinical results of critical rehabilitation pathway after total knee arthroplasty

To investigate the clinical results of the application of critical rehabilitation pathway in the rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty. From March 2015 to December 2019, 67 patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were included. There were 49 females and 18 males, 42 cases on the left and 25 cases on the right, with an average age of 60 to 81(70.72±5.92) years old. Critical rehabilitation paths included intensive strength and gait rehabilitation exercises. All patients were evaluated before operation and 3, 12 months after operation. The evaluation indexes included stair climbing test (SCT), six minute walk test (6MWT), quadriceps and hamstring strength, range of motion, visual pain scale (VAS), Western Ontario McMasterUniversity Osteoarthritis score(WOMAC). All the patients completed the entire pathway and the assessment. The results of pre-operative, 3 months after surgery and 12 months after surgery were as follows respectively. SCT-up: (16.32±3.58) s, (18.16±2.46) s, (11.00±1.29) s, F=193.448, P<0.05;SCT-down:(17.40±2.94) s, (18.96±2.61) s, (12.16± 1.91) s, F=208.028, P<0.05;6MWT:(276.00±57.70) m, (318.00±46.18) m, (435.12±57.36) m, F=326.408, P<0.05;Quadriceps strength: (70.08±8.17) N, (52.40±6.67) N, (78.84±4.56) N, F=286.375, P<0.05;Hamstring muscle strength: (44.88± 7.53) N, (44.28 ±4.63) N, (47.04 ±4.77) N, F =3.620, P <0.05;Knee flexion angle: (115.56 ±13.04) ° , (113.16 ±8.84) ° , (120.28±5.23) °, F=11.228, P<0.05;Knee extension angle:(2.16±3.51) °, (-0.28±2.05) °, (-0.72±1.21) °, F=45.460, P< 0.05;VAS 7.52±1.26, 3.44±0.87, 1.76±0.60, F=723.110, P<0.05;WOMAC pain index:7.88±1.05, 3.60±0.65, 1.96±0.54, F=1 186.196, P<0.05;WOMAC stiffindex:3.00±0.50, 2.20±0.50, 1.68±0.56, F=177.944, P<0.05;WOMAC function index: 30.24±1.76, 26.16±2.08, 13.52±1.53, F=2 227.287, P<0.05. Critical rehabilitation path is safe and effective. The knee function of patients who receive critical rehabilitation path after TKA is significantly improved in the first 12 months after operation.

Recovery of Distal Arm Movements in Spinal Cord Injured Patients with a Body-Machine Interface: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

Background: The recovery of upper limb mobility and functions is essential for people with cervical spinal cord injuries (cSCI) to maximize independence in daily activities and ensure a successful return to normality. The rehabilitative path should include a thorough neuromotor evaluation and personalized treatments aimed at recovering motor functions. Body-machine interfaces (BoMI) have been proven to be capable of harnessing residual joint motions to control objects like computer cursors and virtual or physical wheelchairs and to promote motor recovery. However, their therapeutic application has still been limited to shoulder movements. Here, we expanded the use of BoMI to promote the whole arm’s mobility, with a special focus on elbow movements. We also developed an instrumented evaluation test and a set of kinematic indicators for assessing residual abilities and recovery. Methods: Five inpatient cSCI subjects (four acute, one chronic) participated in a BoMI treatment complementary to their standard rehabilitative routine. The subjects wore a BoMI with sensors placed on both proximal and distal arm districts and practiced for 5 weeks. The BoMI was programmed to promote symmetry between right and left arms use and the forearms’ mobility while playing games. To evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment, the subjects’ kinematics were recorded while performing an evaluation test that involved functional bilateral arms movements, before, at the end, and three months after training. Results: At the end of the training, all subjects learned to efficiently use the interface despite being compelled by it to engage their most impaired movements. The subjects completed the training with bilateral symmetry in body recruitment, already present at the end of the familiarization, and they increased the forearm activity. The instrumental evaluation confirmed this. The elbow motion’s angular amplitude improved for all subjects, and other kinematic parameters showed a trend towards the normality range. Conclusion: The outcomes are preliminary evidence supporting the efficacy of the proposed BoMI as a rehabilitation tool to be considered for clinical practice. It also suggests an instrumental evaluation protocol and a set of indicators to assess and evaluate motor impairment and recovery in cSCI.

The follow in my path of respiratory care and rehabilitation

The follow in my path of respiratory care and rehabilitation

Patient engagement in rehabilitation path after breast cancer surgery: costs impact. State-of-the-art and new perspectives.

The Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM) and the Italian Association of Cancer Registers (AIRTUM) highlight that one out of three women experiences cancer in the course of her life. In 2018, excluding skin cancers, breast cancer accounted for 14.1% of total cancers, confirming it as the most diagnosed cancer among women (29.3%). In the postoperative stage, patients suffer side effects. They need immediate and active rehabilitation to encourage their return to work as well as the psychological recovery. The effectiveness and speed of this recovery, therefore, have significant impact in the short and long term, also for the society. The rehabilitative oncology path increases its positive effects if carried out through co-productive pathways. The economic impact of this process is unclear. An exhaustive literature search was performed to shed light on state of the art about the patients' engagement during the rehabilitation path after breast cancer surgery, focusing on the literature analyzing the impact that co-productive processes can have on costs. Eligibility criteria: papers and reviews published in English and Italian were searched in Scopus and PubMed/Medline, among other datasets. dealing with economic effects resulting from patient engagement or following post-breast cancer oncology rehabilitation. 24 papers have been selected. The review of the literature has revealed a lack of contributions on the economic impact of the patient engagement in the oncological rehabilitation path, taking into account the impact on costs, but not developing a more detailed study. The back-to-work issue and psychological effects are widely investigated. No studies have been conducted in Italy. The analyzed literature did not identify the economic impact that patients' engagement may have during rehabilitation, opening up new research questions. Co-production processes are starting to develop.

Investigating the relationship between speciation and oral/lung bioaccessibility of a highly contaminated tailing: contribution in health risk assessment.

Anthropogenic activities such as industrial, mining, or agricultural are the main sources of environmental contamination. One of the most problematic contaminations concerns metals and metalloids from mining activities. This contamination raises the question of the environmental risk induced and the spread of this pollution (geographical and trophic) and the associated health risk. The integrated, multi-analytical approach of this study conducted on the mining district of Cartagena-La Union (Murcia, Spain) as part of the Interreg SUDOE European project "Soil Take Care" aims to (i) precisely define the speciation of contaminants of interest (Zn, Pb, Cd, As), (ii) predict the environmental risk related to storage stability, and (iii) establish the link between the speciation of the bearing phases and the associated health risk. To do this, a representative zone in the Cartagena-La Union mining district close to the populations was chosen. A physic-chemical characterization of the samples was performed (pH, electrical conductivity, CEC, and total metal(loid) concentrations), and the mineralogy was determined using XRD and SEM-EDS. The environmental risk was highlighted from sequential BCR-type extractions and EN-12457 leaching tests. Finally, the health risk was defined using the PSF inhalation bioaccessibility test and UBM bioaccessibility protocol (based on an operational chemical methodology mimicking soil ingestion and its residence in the gastrointestinal tract of the human body). These analyses revealed 2 groups of samples with distinct behavior. The first group of samples presents relatively stable bearing phases, mainly found in the residual fraction (As and Pb), presenting only a low health risk (very low bioaccessible). The second group consists of Cd and/or Zn-bearing phases, mainly labile (resulting from dissolution/precipitation phenomena), while gastric bioaccessibility reaches more than 85%. Note that Pb, Cd, and Zn have the potential to cause non-carcinogenic risks to children and As and Pb present a carcinogenic risk for children and adults even if only the bioaccessible fraction is considered. It has therefore been shown that the meteoric alteration of the tailing induces a change in speciation leads to an increase in environmental and health risks. These results are essential because they highlight the need for an integrated approach in order to clearly highlight the presence of risks but also that this approach will allow a better understanding of the potential rehabilitation path of this site.

Discursive Chains: How Prison Becomes Real and Chains Identity Movements For a Sex Offender

Detainees enact a “self” that is faced with the prejudices and stereotypes of the crime for which that detainee was convicted. Of all inmates, sex offenders face the greatest risk of receiving social condemnation alongside their prison sentence. This empirical study worked with 32 male sex offenders over 18 years old that were housed in the “protected” unit of the Due Palazzi. The following analysis explores how these men are required to manage their “self,” hetero-narrations, perception of everyday interactions in the protected unit, and conceptions about the rehabilitation path. Moreover, the detainees’ view on the prison’s strategic opportunities for promoting effective change in their condition and identity are also examined.&#x0D; Discourse analysis applied to an open answer questionnaire showed that, rather than facing the stigma assigned to them, the detainees tend to minimize the importance of storytelling and construct alternative biographies to share with other inmates. Managing narratives allows the sex offenders to distance themselves from the perceived threats of living with other detainees; however, it also prevents the re-signification of their offenses. As such, the rules of “secrecy” must be considered by both qualitative researchers who conduct studies in prisons and prison administrators who plan the housing and treatment of sex offenders.

Developing a model of long-term social rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury: the case of the head forward centre

Background Social isolation and inactivity are highly problematic long-term consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury. They are rarely addressed by rehabilitation programmes, which focus on early phases of recovery. Day centres, or “drop-in” peer support groups, have emerged as an informal solution to social rehabilitation needs. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the therapeutic ingredients of these services. Methods Twelve survivors of Traumatic Brain Injury that attended a social rehabilitation service (Head Forward Centre, UK; HFC), were interviewed to explore the meanings attached to the service and its activities. Thematic analysis was used to describe emerging themes and build a model of social rehabilitation. Results Four therapeutic functions were attached to HFC: (a) HFC as a safe and predictable milieu; (b) HFC as a space where identity can be reconstructed; (c) HFC as a place where survivors can remain cognitive and socially active; (d) HFC as a network of continuous support. Conclusion A model of long-term social rehabilitation should consider both psychological and practical/functional ingredients. Such a model can help informal rehabilitation services reflect upon their goals and activities, as well as articulate therapeutic actions along the rehabilitation path. The conceptualization of these four therapeutic ingredients in holistic rehabilitation models is described, and contrasted with its use in long-term social rehabilitation. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Social isolation and inactivity are important problems in the long-term rehabilitation of people with TBI. Both problems can be addressed by social rehabilitation services (day centres and peer support groups). Participation in social rehabilitation can promote a sense of normality and belongingness, which contribute to the long-term process of identity reconstruction. Social rehabilitation can help maintaining people with TBI cognitive and socially active, as well as developing a network of continuous support.

Therapeutic exercise and radiofrequency in the rehabilitation project for hip osteoarthritis pain.

Severe hip osteoarthritis is responsible for disabling pain and functional impairment of the joint. Although total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a successful treatment, some patients have multiple comorbidities that represent contraindications for THA. Conventional drug therapies are often ineffective or responsible for numerous side effects. For these patients, it is difficult to draw up an acceptable rehabilitation path, as the main limitation is intense pain. New rehabilitation strategies that relieve pain and improve articular function need to be developed. The combination of traditional treatments such as education and therapeutic exercise with innovative, minimally-invasive therapies such as continuous radiofrequency (CRF) appears to reduce hip pain by determining the neurolysis of the joint. The aim of our study was to describe the reduction in pain and improvements in joint function when CRF is combined with the therapeutic exercise in rehabilitation of patients with severe hip osteoarthritis. Case series study. Rehabilitation service outpatients. Twenty-five patients with severe hip osteoarthritis causing disabling pain and with contraindications to THA, and for whom conventional drug therapies were ineffective or responsible for numerous side effects. The study design included: initial clinical-functional assessment using the Harris Hip Score (HHS), the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC); a pre-lesion anaesthetic block; hip neuroablation with CRF; a three-week kinesitherapy protocol (3 sessions per week); two further assessments using the same scales one month (T1) and six months (T2) after CRF. Improvements at T1 and T2 follow-ups, after CRF (P=0.000) were recorded for articular pain and function. However, results at T2 were worse than those at T1 (P=0.000). CRF combined with therapeutic exercise in rehabilitation of severe hip osteoarthritis is an attractive option for significant pain relief as it allows patients to carry out kinesitherapy more easily. CRF could represent a valid alternative in the rehabilitation of patients with severe hip osteoarthritis especially when other therapeutic approaches are unworkable.

Testing single/combined clinical categories on 5110 Italian patients with developmental phenotypes to improve array-based detection rate.

BackgroundChromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is nowadays widely used in the diagnostic path of patients with clinical phenotypes. However, there is no ascertained evidence to date on how to assemble single/combined clinical categories of developmental phenotypic findings to improve the array‐based detection rate.MethodsThe Italian Society of Human Genetics coordinated a retrospective study which included CMA results of 5,110 Italian patients referred to 17 genetics laboratories for variable combined clinical phenotypes.ResultsNon‐polymorphic copy number variants (CNVs) were identified in 1512 patients (30%) and 615 (32%) present in 552 patients (11%) were classified as pathogenic. CNVs were analysed according to type, size, inheritance pattern, distribution among chromosomes, and association to known syndromes. In addition, the evaluation of the detection rate of clinical subgroups of patients allowed to associate dysmorphisms and/or congenital malformations combined with any other single clinical sign to an increased detection rate, whereas non‐syndromic neurodevelopmental signs and non‐syndromic congenital malformations to a decreased detection rate.ConclusionsOur retrospective study resulted in confirming the high detection rate of CMA and indicated new clinical markers useful to optimize their inclusion in the diagnostic and rehabilitative path of patients with developmental phenotypes.

IBM dip: Modulo breve di intervento riabilitativo orientato alla Mindfulness per utenti polidipendenti stabilizzati in regime ambulatoriale

The presented paper proposes a short module for small groups of polydependent patients in the phase of stabilization in an outpatient regime with use of mindfulness techniques. By the HANDS Associations (agreement with Healthcare Company of Bolzano) 35 patients were studied, divided into 6 different groups, during 2017 and 2018 years. The module named IBM dip. was proposed to patients with alcohol dependence associated or not, with compulsive gambling or drug addiction, and was structured in 6 consecutive weekly sessions lasting 90 minutes, conducted by a psychotherapist and mindfulness teacher. The respons in terms of partecipation was good, and important indications emerged, connected to the developement of qualityes such as awarness and motivation to change, important elements in a rehabilitation path from addictions. The short intervention is indicated for patients in the outpatient phase and dose not replace the consolidated MBRP method, more suitable for residential periods.

The dissociative identity disorder. How to proceed in case of crime committed under mental illness

Dissociative identity disorder means a mental pathology that involves the normal interaction of the most important psychic processes of the human mind, bringing the one who is afflicted by it, to be no longer fully aware of himself and his actions. Among the various mental disorders within the DSM is perhaps the most specific to damage the conscious side of a person. The concept of awareness is very difficult to internalize and this is often taken for granted. Those who are unaware of their actions, if they commit a crime, are declared not imputable and for them a rehabilitative path opens up within structures for the execution of the security measures suitable for their psychiatric condition, these institutes are called R.E.M.S.

“Will you draw me a pelvis?ˮ Dynamic neuro-cognitive imagery improves pelvic schema and graphic-metric representation in people with Parkinsonʼs Disease: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundBody schema (i.e., the mental representations of the body), vital for motor and cognitive functions, is often distorted in people with Parkinsonʼs disease (PD). Deficits in body, and especially pelvic, schema can further exacerbate motor and cognitive deficits associated with PD. Such deficits, including those in graphic and metric misjudgments, can manifest in drawing tasks. Mental imagery is a recommended approach for PD rehabilitation with potential for ameliorating body schema. ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of a two-week dynamic neuro-cognitive imagery (DNI) training versus in-home learning and exercise control (learning/exercise) on pelvic schema and graphic representation (i.e., drawing height and width). DesignTwenty participants with idiopathic PD (Hoehn&Yahr I-III; M age: 65.75 ± 10.13) were randomly allocated into either a DNI or a learning/exercise group. Participants were asked to complete the “Draw Your Pelvisˮ test in which they drew their pelvis at pre- and post-intervention. Drawings were assessed for pelvic schema score and drawing dimensions (i.e., height and weight). InterventionDNI anatomical and metaphorical imagery focusing on pelvic anatomy and biomechanics. ResultsNo difference (p > .05) was detected at baseline between drawn pelvis height and width. Following intervention, improvements were greater in the DNI group for pelvic schema (p < .01), drawn pelvic width (p < .05) and width-height difference (p < .05). ConclusionsThis study suggests that DNI could serve as a rehabilitation path for improving body schema in people with PD. Future studies should explore DNI mechanisms of effect and the effect of enhanced pelvic schema on motor and non-motor deficits in this population.