Rehabilitation Of Buildings Research Articles

Assessment of the Compressive Strength of Lime Mortars with Admixtures, Subjected to Two Curing Environments

This article presents the assessment of the compressive strength of three types of lime mortar, one without admixture and the remaining two added with metakaolin and brick dust. The chemical composition of the lime and the pozzolans was evaluated using the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique. The mortars were subjected to two curing conditions: humidity and temperature-controlled chamber, and accelerated carbonation chamber, then they were tested at ages of 7, 28, 60 and 90 days. The results showed that the samples cured in the carbonation chamber presented higher compressive strength values than the ones cured in the humidity and temperature-controlled chamber, due to the fact that lime mortars increase their strength with the carbonation of the calcium hydroxide that exists in the lime. Likewise, when adding metakaolin to the lime mortars cured in the humidity and temperature-controlled chamber, the values of compressive strength were close to those of the mortars with lime only, that were cured in the carbonation chamber. From the results of the research, it is notable that the use of pozzolans in lime mortars improves the short-term compressive strength, which is attractive for the rehabilitation of heritage buildings since in short periods of time it manages to match the strengths that lime mortars acquire over time.

Structural expertise of the Perdicaris castle within the context of assessment and rehabilitation of historical masonry buildings in Morocco

Structural expertise of the Perdicaris castle within the context of assessment and rehabilitation of historical masonry buildings in Morocco

Effectiveness Of Boezem As A Zero Runoff In Blimbing Subdistric, Malang

During the rainy season, inundation often occurs in Blimbing Hamlet, Malang, which caused by inadequate existing drains and lack of utilization in water catchment buildings. Therefore it is necessary to accommodate this condition using zero runoff concept, by utilizing boezem, which is expected there is no inundation at all by flowing flow immediately either seeping into the ground or into an artificial landfill. In Blimbing Hamlet, there is a boezem for serving and accommodating rainwater. For overcoming inundation in this area, maximalizing the boezem is significantly essential. This research is aimed to know the effectiveness of boezem for zero runoff. This assessment was done by hydrology analysis to obtain Q2, and Q5, for boezem planning, inlet outlets gate, and new drainage channels. The evaluation for existing drainage system showed there was inundation in some drainage channels. A boezem area of 836.9 m2 with 1.1 m depth can reduce inundation to 10%. Alternative inundation countermeasures are carried out with the added depth of 3 m, floodgates on inlets and outlets with of 0.5 m width steel gate, and drainage channel inlets and outlets. With the rehabilitation of boezem and other complementary buildings, it can reduce inundation by 30%.

Methodology for Documentation and Sustainability of Cultural Heritage Landscapes: The Case of the Tajos de Alhama (Granada, Spain)

This research aims to start the process of the revitalization of peri-urban spaces with high landscape and cultural potential, dotted with a series of heritage landmarks that allude to the recent industrial, economic and cultural history of the region, currently semi-degraded or abandoned, as is the case with the impressive and steep miller landscape of the Tajos de Alhama de Granada. To achieve this, it is proposed to carry out a comprehensive documentation (historical, cartographic, planimetric, photographic and photogrammetric) of the study area since, until now, there were no similar research studies. The application of an organized and structured method of work, documentation and diagnosis using the tools and graphic techniques of the 21st century has offered extensive results that have been turned into a rigorous and systematic catalog. This catalog will serve as the basis for the promotion of integrated action plans for the recovery of this urban edge, with the triple objective of the rehabilitation of buildings of architectural interest, rehabilitation of the surrounding public space and consolidation of the historic complex that makes up the mills, the river, the landscape and the city. We conclude that the enhancement of the cultural heritage landscape of the Tajos and the guidelines provided for the rehabilitation of its historic water mills, with possible compatible uses (tourist, cultural or administrative), will favor the conservation and sustainable revitalization of such an exceptional heritage site.

Eco-Efficient Ventilated Facades Based on Circular Economy for Residential Buildings as an Improvement of Energy Conditions

In a planet with limited resources, climate change is a severe problem, intensified by industrial development. This is particularly important in the construction sector. According to the International Energy Agency (2021), the construction sector is responsible for 40% of the global energy consumption and 36% of CO2 emissions. In this way, sustainable architectural solutions should be a priority in our fight against climate change, for it is necessary to propose solutions that help to reuse existing resources, thus reducing consumption. In this sense, the rehabilitation of buildings with solutions that favor the circular economy will become a key element in the construction sector. This work provides the design of a facade for building rehabilitation based on the circular economy paradigm, which is implanted in a model building as a case study. The HULC tool quantifies the improvement in energy efficiency that this rehabilitation entails when compared to a conventional facade. With the designed facade, a reduction in energy losses through the envelope is achieved, as well as an improvement in living conditions and environmental impact. Next, an analysis of the building’s energy consumption and CO2 emissions is carried out with the Open BIM Quantities tool. This tool is used by construction researchers and professionals. Finally, the results show the improvements in the rehabilitation of the facade.

From Seismic Instrumentation Towards Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

The present paper describes the current technical achievements in seismic instrumentation and monitoring within a national network and the role of this developed concept in disaster prevention and mitigation, in particular case of Romanian seismicity. Many studies are being conducted in the field of structural health monitoring, for seismically instrumented/monitored buildings, based on existed sensor technology, seismic data acquisition systems, data communication and information flow, computer hardware/software engineering, new solutions for seismic data transfer etc. Seismic records in free-field and on buildings are capitalised in anti-seismic design, development of technical and technological solutions in construction, seismic evaluation and rehabilitation of buildings, as well as in the process of education and earthquake preparedness. It aimed also to create a virtual seismic network (through Internet, WAN property networks, public analogue telephone network). It is a national priority creating a preventive culture in order to mitigate the seismic risk, starting with the strengthening of buildings, upgrading of the code for seismic design, seismic instrumentation as a usual practice and continuing with public communication and information actions, empowering communities and decision-makers related to the risks, prevention measures, what behaviour to be adopted. The efforts of last years show that Romania has taken important steps in preparing a response according to the challenges induced by the existing seismic sources from the entire territory of the country.

Durability, Resilience and Sustainability in the Building Rehabilitation Process

Where buildings are concerned, the term “sustainability” has been used for more than 30 years. It represents a process of designing, constructing and operating the building considering its environmental impact. A year after the major nuclear plant catastrophe from Chernobyl, the Brundtland Report defined sustainability as the actions that meet “the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. A different disaster, a natural one – the Katrina hurricane – led, two decades later, to the addition of another building characteristic: “resilience”. It represents the capacity of a system to adapt after a shock. “Durability” may refer to different issues: the building materials, the building structure, its functionality of aesthetics. The more durable a building is - the more it lasts - the less it affects the environment. The more it lasts, the more resilient it is (as it withstands different types of stress). Technical durability, provided by building materials and structures, prevails over the functional durability. A good example is the case of the industrial buildings of the nineteenth century: constructed with solid masonry structures, these buildings have lost the original functions decades ago and they were subject of conversions that provided them a new life cycle. Withstanding the action of natural and anthropic agents, these buildings proved to be resilient and, by saving the natural resources, they can also be considered sustainable. Considering that in the next 30 years we will still face 70% of the current building stock, it is important how we deal with them, in order to provide, by rehabilitation, a new life cycle to the existing constructions. The paper tackles, from a critical perspective, some examples of good and bad practice in the building rehabilitation process.

RENOVATION OF INDUSTRIAL AREAS

The relevance of this study is devoted to overcoming a complex of social, environmental and economic problems in urban planning associated with the effective use of former industrial territories and the creation of public spaces with the preservation of architectural monuments. Foreign experience has shown the possibility of using former industrial areas through their renovation. Full use of all territories of the city ensures its integrity and connectivity of the transport system. Creation of new functions in buildings and on the territories of historical industrial enterprises, rethinking the architecture of industrial buildings (renovation, reconstruction and rehabilitation), which will lead to an influx of funds and investors, will make it possible to reproduce and maintain former industrial facilities at a new historical stage. Identifying ways to harmonize and develop the urban environment through the renovation of industrial areas is one of the urgent tasks in the formation of the concept of sustainable development of the city. Recommendations are presented for the implementation of the renovation of industrial territories, an analysis of the existing experience in the renovation of industrial territories, trends in the further development of their architectural and planning structure are revealed. The main aspects of the renovation of industrial territories are given, which will allow creating a more comfortable urban environment, developing social infrastructure and convenient public spaces. Industrial areas and former factory and factory buildings that are being renovated have a number of features that make it possible to use these features as an aid to new opportunities. Former industrial territories are often located in the central parts of cities and by activating these territories, this area can bring income to the economy, improve the environment, and itself provide comfort for each resident.

Downcycling and Upcycling in Rehabilitation and Adaptive Reuse of Pre-Existing Buildings: Re-Designing Technological Performances in an Environmental Perspective

The abandonment of the built heritage, as a result of functional or technological obsolescence or as a consequence of cultural, social, and economic trends, is steadily increasing. This great number of buildings, worldwide spread, offers a huge opportunity to reduce the environmental impacts related to the construction industry. Nonetheless, the recovery and reuse interventions that require the implementation of residual technological performance, to accommodate new uses, are not always environmentally neutral. Therefore, a new design approach needs to be developed so as to improve the buildings’ technological performance and enhance resources and energy already incorporated in buildings. The circular economy principles in the building sector, performance-based building design together with downcycling and upcycling theories are applied to develop a methodology aiming to reduce the environmental impacts within the rehabilitation and refurbishment design process. Starting from the building analysis phase (historical, material, construction) residual performance is evaluated; then the design phase demonstrates that, according to downcycling and upcycling design strategies applied on building components and materials, it is possible improving the building to the required new uses while minimizing transformations and effectively reducing related environmental impacts. The reduction of environmental impacts depends on a careful assessment of the residual technological and structural performance that the building still provides, by involving limited performance implementations to balance rehabilitation needs and environmental protection goals.

Analysis of the Impact of Thermal Rehabilitation on the Heat Demand. Case Study

The article presents a case study on the impact of thermal rehabilitation of buildings heat demand. In order to reduce specific heat consumption and, in general, heat consumption for heating and hot water preparation, measures are needed to rehabilitate and modernize the thermal protection of buildings and heating and hot water installations. The present study aims to determine the influence of thermal rehabilitation of buildings (insulation of exterior walls - in this case) making for this purpose a comparison of the values of thermal requirements before and after the thermal rehabilitation process for a building. Regarding the thermal insulation used in the case study, expanded polystyrene with a thickness of 10 cm was used for the exterior walls and mineral wool for ceiling. The main purpose of the work is to highlight the importance of thermal insulation of buildings mainly in terms of reducing energy costs and maintaining thermal comfort in homes

Attachment and Associational Dimensions in the Architecture of Historical Building Conversion in Thailand Between 1997 and 2012

The research on The Initial Survey of Evolution of Adaptive Reuse of Historic Buildings in Thailand is aimed at constructing knowledge for the module named Reuse and Rehabilitation of Historic Buildings. This module is part of the curriculum of Bachelor of Architecture, which studies the role of architecture fabricated within historical buildings. In the era between 1997 and 2012 in Thailand, there was a notable transformation from conservation to contemporary conversion. A review of conservation perspectives indicates a combined multi-disciplinary cooperation between architectural design and conservation. To establish issues regarding the knowledge of conversion, a research question is raised: how do architectural elements play its role through changing of use? Aimed at understanding the complexity among conversion ideologies, issues surrounding architectural elements of historical buildings are rationally explored. Based on significant conversion projects from 1996 to 2012, architectural elements were referenced as to how concepts and objectives were associated. Qualitative research was conducted through a study of primary sources; survey and classification of representative samples, and secondary documents, records and architectural drawings. The controlling significance of the buildings led to a discussion and an analysis of the architectural designs through new additions and amendments made on the historical fabric. Included in this discussion are the principles of conversion as they relate to the architecture of historic buildings and the ideology of the modification. It is found that understanding a change to architectural elements through an ontological perspective, that of attachment and associational approaches, could clearly reveal the construction programme that felicitates the historical building for which conservation or adaptation is determined. A dialogue on relevant contexts surrounding amendments of architectural elements demonstrated that a strong emphasis towards particular objectives of use could coincidentally harm the historical building’s architectural dimension framework. This leads to the notion that architecture for adaptive reuse should include knowledge of the original construction, a balance among conditions of the existing building, its programming and further habitation.

The energy-environmental efficiency of the existing building stock through morphological-constructive solutions: the case study of a singlefamily building in Sicily

The protection of environmental resources, both energy and natural, is a current and urgent necessity for contemporary society. Since the building sector is responsible for a large part of energy and environmental consumption, the possibilities for savings in this sector are vast, starting with improving the quality of buildings. Therefore, the ecological orientation of the construction sector today represents a valid and necessary response to the sustainable development requirement to reduce the pressure on the environment in terms of impacts and consumption of resources. This is especially true if applied to the recovery and energy-environmental efficiency of the existing building stock. The aim of this study is to propose a methodology of "good practices" for the rehabilitation of nonhistoric buildings in terms of formal, functional, comfort and environmental quality, a methodology that combines the theme of architectural quality with that of environmental sustainability. In particular, the aim is to demonstrate how morphologicalconstructive solutions can be a valid response to the requirements of energy performance, environmental sustainability and occupant wellbeing. To this end, a case study of the renovation of a single-family building from the 1970s in the municipality of Ispica is reported, in which the proposed methodology is applied.

Exploring the reduction of energy demand of a building with an eco-roof under different irrigation strategies

A passive system widely used to reduce the energy consumption of a building is the green roof. The main objective of this work was to determine the reduction of energy demand of a building with a green roof without plants, eco-roof, under 20 different irrigation strategies, compared to a traditional gravel ballasted roof, in southern Europe. Experimental data of heat flux collected during one year were used to calibrate two numerical models developed with DesignBuilder software.Evapotranspiration and volumetric water content were demonstrated to have a great impact on the heat flux reduction of the eco-roof. Moreover, evapotranspiration strongly depended on the climatic conditions.The annual heat flux results showed that the eco-roof improved the thermal performance of the building compared to the traditional roof, achieving a high reduction of annual energy demand, ED, up to 78.7%. The strategy that had the highest ratio between the annual ED to the lowest use of water was watering in alternate days for 20 min in the morning, obtaining an ED value of 46.7%. These results indicate that eco-roofs with a proper irrigation strategy could be used as an efficient passive system for the rehabilitation of old buildings.

Generation of an HBIM Library regarding a Palace of the 19th Century in Lisbon

The growing interest within the construction industry in the preservation, rehabilitation, and conversion of heritage-value buildings has led to the implementation of Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) across all sectors. The rigorously accurate representation of old construction solutions for roofs, floors, and walls, and of the decorative details and finishes, commonly used in historic buildings of patrimonial value, requires specific geometric modelling processes in order to generate relevant libraries of parametric objects. This study addresses the generation of parametric families of representative architectural geometry in the context of the conversion of a building of patrimonial value. A collection of historical information and a detailed inspection in situ, recorded by means of digital images and sketches with annotative dimensions of the architectural forms, were first carried out to support the accurate representation of the building. Several families of objects were generated, namely, guillotine windows, glazed doors, ornamental stonework, staircases, and handrails, thus creating a reference library for use in further similar building projects. The study improves the potential of the BIM process for its application to buildings with distinctive architecture in the context of the preservation or conversion of heritage buildings.

ANALISIS DANA DEKONSENTRASI SEKTOR PENDIDIKAN DI PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT

This research had a purpose to analyze deconcentration fund of education field in West Sumatera Province on 2011-2015. The type of analysis used is descriptive quantitative by collecting and analizyng the data of allocated deconcentration fund, Report on Budget Outcomes (RBO), Strategic Plan of Education Ministry, Accountability Report of Government’s Performance, program implementation, and relation with government in educational field. The result of the research showed that there are activities that were not accordance with the nature of deconcentration fund which is non-physical activity, such as in 2011 and 2012 there were still many physical activities such as building construction, laboratory equipment procurement, and rehabilitation of classroom and building of education office. The absorption of deconcentration fund would give a better affects for performance of education offices of West Sumatra Province. This could be seen from the total absorption of deconcentration funds that can increase the percentage of APK and APM which became the main indicator of the main programs in achieving performance.

An Innovative System for the Treatment of Rising Dampness in Buildings Located in Cold Climates

Signs of wetness in housing are a significant obstacle to the renovation and energy rehabilitation of old and energy-intensive heritage buildings, especially in cold climates. Thus, in order to avoid the numerous possibilities of degradation caused by the moisture transfer phenomena in the building envelope, the a disruptive aeraulic process, which focuses on the ventilation of an air gap between the thermal insulation and the wet wall, has been designed and its assessed. This system avoids the presence of liquid water at the wall surface by maintaining the hygrothermal balance within the wet wall. This enables the mechanical durability of the supporting structure, the absence of biological activity and/or frost and, hence, the durability of the thermal insulation. These issues are investigated through a case study based on a real site. Over a year of measurements, the wet wall was constantly maintained in hygroscopic balance, around 90% RH, guaranteeing the preservation of its mechanical performance, while the insulation layer was kept moisture free. In addition, the proposed model for predicting the appearance and development of biological activity demonstrated its validity, confirming experimental results.These initial results will now lead to the optimization of the aeraulic device, as well as possible use in a summer cooling context to achieve hygrothermal comfort for housing occupants.

Evaluation and Repair of Construction Damage to an Old Factory Building

This paper describes the performance based seismic rehabilitation of an old four-story RC frame building which is being remodeled to be reused as an office building in the creative industrial park. The building is part of the city’s adaptive reuse and redevelopment program. It was designed and constructed in the 1980’s and, therefore, does not meet current design and detailing standards. To make matters worse, two of the first floor columns were badly damaged during renovation and were in danger of collapsing at any time. This paper presents the effects of the accident, failure mechanism, as well as the actions taken to repair the building. The damaged columns are strengthened by a reinforced concrete jacket. The beams closer to damaged columns are retrofitted by externally bonded CFRP. Structural redesign made it feasible to rehabilitate and strengthen the structure sufficient to meet seismic criteria that were judged to be compatible with the site conditions.

A apropriação dos territórios quotidianos pelos grafitos. Do risco social à multiterritorialidade

Social hazards, understood as one of the fields of study of Anthropic hazards, contains a variety and complexity of phenomena that encompass work, family life, social relations, among others. Anthropic cindinic sciences are faced with new challenges generated by everyday life, demanding territorial analysis in a multi-scale perspective. Furthermore, it is necessary to bear in mind the dynamics of the communities, concerning their way of living, interpreting, and acting, aspects that may lead to the development of social tensions and frictions. This paper aims to discuss social risks from a multi-territorial view, starting with the issue of social frictions related to graffiti and based on the case study of the University of Coimbra as heritage classified by UNESCO – World Heritage Areas. The number of tourists and visitors has increased impressively, having transformed the dynamics of the city and of the protected area, namely through the rehabilitation and preservation of buildings. Despite this, the University and the upper part of town have been the target of intense graffiti, raising epistemological, civic and institutional issues.

Building Information Modeling as an Effective Process for the Sustainable Re-Shaping of the Built Environment

This paper focuses on the definition of a method supported by digital processes for a sustainable and user-orientated re-design of the existing building stock. Based on the analysis of the methodological and procedural aspects of the computational approach to architectural design in relation to different performance conditions, the research addresses the adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM), intended as a powerful method for coordinating the complexity of the multiple, interdisciplinary and conflicting aspects involved in the rehabilitation of buildings. In addition to the advantages in terms of control and management, the BIM process has proven its effectiveness in tackling the issue of sustainability, allowing all actors involved in the research to share information and pro-actively control various outcomes of a building’s performance, such as energy and environmental quality. To show the opportunities and limitations of the digital management in information-based processes, the activities carried out in the framework of the European Horizon 2020 project “Pro-GET-onE—Proactive synergy of inteGrated Efficient Technologies on buildings’ Envelopes” are reported. The research, based on a case study method, which is applied to a student residence in Athens, demonstrates that BIM possesses great potentialities for developing effective and efficient construction and renovation processes toward buildings with high quality standards.

Seismic Evaluation and Methods of Rehabilitation of Old Masonry Buildings in the Bay of Kotor (Montenegro)

Old load-bearing masonry buildings exist all around the world. The cultural and architectural heritage value of these buildings and the consciousness of public opinion have led to a need for safeguarding and preservation policies for these architecturally valued buildings and urban aggregates. This paper provides the information on the constructive and structural details of the old buildings dating from the 12th to 19th century in the Bay of Kotor and discusses their seismic and dynamic behaviour, identifying structural fragilities and consequently their vulnerability. One factor that significantly influences the seismic vulnerability is the quality of workmanship, which has, in conjunction with the lack of maintenance of the buildings, increased the seismic vulnerability of heritage masonry buildings in general. Masonry constructions represent an important part of Montenegrin Architectural Heritage. The existing heritage masonry buildings in the Bay of Kotor suffered major earthquakes with repairs ranging from minor repairs to partial rebuilding. No degree of seismic resistance to any potentially severe shaking levels has been determined for the surviving buildings. The lack of strategies, policies and actions by the institutions responsible for this domain in the course of the second half of the 20th century drove these buildings to the state of serious degradation. The adoption of intrusive and inadequate rehabilitation and conservation practices, using new materials and construction techniques on structural and nonstructural elements, has strayed away from traditional knowledge and practices. The main objective of this research is understanding the whole building process that underpins a historical construction, and building techniques and other methods applied in building the architectural and engineering structures constituting the present Historical Heritage in Montenegro.