Rehabilitation Of Buildings Research Articles

PENDAMPINGAN PENGAWASAN REHABILITASI RUANG KELAS DAN KANTOR MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH TASRIHUL ISLAM KABUPATEN BANJAR

Infrastructure improvement through the allocation of funds from the government in order to improve community services is increasingly being carried out in each region. One of the funding provided is the improvement of school infrastructure. Along with these efforts, schools and their officials are expected to be an intermediary for the running of the infrastructure improvement program. They are required to have the ability to carry out technical activities in the implementation of development in the field. In school improvement/rehabilitation activities, supervision in the implementation of physical work is very important and must be mastered so that development can run according to cost, quality and time that is effective and efficient and can be accounted for. Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Tasrihul Islam, located in Sungai Kupang Village, Gambut Subdistrict, Banjar Regency, as a collaborating partner in this Community Service activity, has been assisted through supervision assistance activities for school building rehabilitation. The physical work carried out is the rehabilitation of classrooms and offices. The implementation of the activity was carried out using the method of the community service team going directly to the field to provide assistance to partners to plan and supervise the rehabilitation process of office and classroom buildings. Assistance activities were carried out from May to July 2024. The results of the mentoring activities were that the partners were able to

How Not to Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emissions: An Unbalanced Focus on Energy Efficiency in Germany’s Building Rehabilitation Policies

Germany needs to reduce CO2 emissions from space heating in its old buildings to net zero by 2045 to fulfil its climate goals. However, direct CO2 reduction measures in existing buildings receive relatively little subsidy support from the federal government’s German Development Bank, compared to generous subsidies for energy efficiency measures. This interdisciplinary paper evaluates this phenomenon by comparing costs and CO2 abatement effects of ever higher energy efficiency measures, alongside the costs of direct CO2 reduction through heat pumps and onsite photovoltaics. It uses a set of carefully selected reports on the costs and benefits of renovation to a range of energy efficiency standards in three common types of multi-apartment buildings in Germany, updating these for 2024 construction, energy, and finance costs. The cost of the CO2 saved is extremely high with energy efficiency measures and absurdly high with the highest energy efficiency standards, up to 20 times the cost of CO2 abatement through other means, such as offsite renewables. This reduces markedly with onsite CO2 reduction measures. This paper sets this analysis in the context of asking what social, cultural, and discursive factors extol energy efficiency so highly that policy tends to thwart its own stated goal of deeply reducing CO2 emissions.

Optimizing Building Rehabilitation through Nondestructive Evaluation of Fire-Damaged Steel-Fiber-Reinforced Concrete.

Fire incidents pose significant threats to the structural integrity of reinforced concrete buildings, often necessitating comprehensive rehabilitation to restore safety and functionality. Effective rehabilitation of fire-damaged structures relies heavily on accurate damage assessment, which can be challenging with traditional invasive methods. This paper explores the impact of severe damage due to fire exposure on the mechanical behavior of steel-fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) using nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. After being exposed to direct fire, the SFRC specimens are subjected to fracture testing to assess their mechanical properties. NDE techniques, specifically acoustic emission (AE) and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), are employed to assess fire-induced damage. The primary aim of this study is to reveal that AE parameters-such as amplitude, cumulative hits, and energy-are strongly correlated with mechanical properties and damage of SFRC due to fire. Additionally, AE monitoring is employed to assess structural integrity throughout the loading application. The distribution of AE hits and the changes in specific AE parameters throughout the loading can serve as valuable indicators for differentiating between healthy and thermally damaged concrete. Compared to the well-established relationship between UPV and strength in bending and compression, the sensitivity of AE to fracture events shows its potential for in situ application, providing new characterization capabilities for evaluating the post-fire mechanical performance of SFRC. The test results of this study reveal the ability of the examined NDE methods to establish the optimum rehabilitation procedure to restore the capacity of the fire-damaged SFRC structural members.

Application of a cost-effective methodology for the refurbishment of DOCOMOMO buildings. A case study in Northern Spain

The energy rehabilitation of listed buildings guaranteeing heritage values but allowing a use that contributes to their conservation, supposes a challenge with the need of a holistic approach. Buildings of the Modern Movement, many of which are registered as DOCOMOMO (DOcumentation and COnservation of buildings, sites and neighbourhoods of the MOdern Movement), are a particular case since many of them are not yet listed or are under unclear requirements. This paper explores the inclusion of a cost-effective methodology as part of the decision-making in the energy rehabilitation of these DOCOMOMO buildings, applying it to the case study of an office building located in the north of Spain. Different scenarios were studied balancing cost-effectiveness, energy efficiency and rehabilitation requirements. In this case study, the analysis may allow policymakers to have supportive arguments to subsidize certain elements (as e.g., steel frames), or allow the use of alternative options with similar aesthetic characteristics, but at a much lower cost. This second option will constitute the unique cost-effective scenario, with energy savings of between 25.36 % and 38.8 %. The inclusion of a cost-effective methodology as part of the mechanics for decision-making in the energy refurbishment of DOCOMOMO buildings permits the optimisation of the intervention guaranteeing their use and the conservation of heritage values.

Methodological Proposal to Resolve the Dichotomy between Improving Energy Efficiency and Preserving Heritage—Case Study: Brutalist Built Heritage

The debate about how to conduct energy interventions in built heritage remains open. At present, the various European and national regulations allow the absence of energy intervention in cases where the character of a building with recognized heritage value would be jeopardized. This situation means that heritage preservation and energy improvement are divided into two airtight and unconnected blocs. It is possible and necessary to break that dichotomy by taking steps that enable both blocs to interrelate. Based on a methodology previously proposed by the authors to regulate changes in the urban landscape due to the rehabilitation of residential building façades, as a novel aspect, this article proposes taking a further step in the methodological process. Several criteria to balance the level of energy intervention for all buildings are thus introduced, according to the urban and architectural characteristics of each building, irrespective of their use and degree of protection. It is concluded that such a balance is possible when certain indicators are used and when determined action criteria are applied. However, one of the architectural characteristics more susceptible to being affected when undertaking an energy intervention on a building’s thermal enclosure is the materiality, which becomes especially important in the case of brutalist architecture with reinforced concrete, one of its most identifying features, giving it a specific personality. That architectural movement was therefore chosen for a case study, applying the proposed methodology to three brutalist buildings in the area of San Sebastián, Spain.

Reliability-Based Seismic Safety Assessment of the Metropolitan Cathedral of Brasília

Recent destructive earthquakes in Turkey (2023) with devastating effects have reawakened the discussion about seismic activity in Brazil and the vulnerability of the Brazilian buildings. Despite the lower magnitudes, national records should not be disregarded, as earthquakes with a magnitude below five may still cause loss of life and property damage. The assessment of existing RC buildings allows us to understand the performance of a structure during an earthquake and the adoption of mitigating measures. This paper preliminarily investigates the seismic vulnerability of the Metropolitan Cathedral in Brasilia, which was recognized as a World Heritage Site by ONU in 1987. The Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) procedure has been adopted for qualitative vulnerability assessment through the guidelines of the Japan Building Disaster Prevention Association at the procedure updated in accordance with the Brazilian reality. This research examined the structure under horizontal acceleration defined by national seismic code, and various scenarios are assumed as time aging, structural irregularities, and the level of importance of the structure. In this study, the Monte Carlo simulation is carried out to evaluate the level of safety. A performed analysis has shown that the examined building possesses the seismic capacity required against the expected earthquake motions. Even with reliability analysis, the structure achieves an acceptable level of safety. The results highlight the importance of a probabilistic approach to make reliable decisions on the conservation and rehabilitation of architectural heritage buildings.

Legal Certainty Regarding Buyback Guarantees in Banking Agreements

Indonesia is in the development stage in all areas, including facilities and infrastructure in the form of construction and rehabilitation of roads, bridges, public housing, office buildings and public facilities. Meanwhile, development in the spiritual sector includes government development in the fields of education, religion, social, culture and politics. The government always strives for development to be carried out in an optimal manner, whether with short-term, medium-term or long-term development. The desire for a residence is a person's (personal) achievement where it is a personal priority for each individual, some people may consider that the quality of a human's life is incomplete if they do not have a residence or private residence. In this way, a residence or house is not just a place to shelter, but everyone wants their residence/home to have elements of comfort and security, various public and social facilities and adequate facilities and infrastructure. What is an obstacle for every individual here is the limitation in getting ideal housing? Thus, the discussion regarding housing/settlement is of concern to both parties, not just to the dominance of the individual. The parties involved in this include consumers (debtors), developers (developers) and the bank as creditor.

OPTIMIZATION SCHEDULING PROJECT REHABILITATION BUILDING AND HALL DEKRANASDA AND KALIMANTAN BARAT MUSEUM FENCE USING CRITICAL PATH METHOD (CPM)

This study investigates the optimization of project scheduling using the Critical Path Method (CPM) in construction projects. Focusing on the Building Rehabilitation Project, Dekranasda Hall, and Kalimantan Barat Museum Fence, the research aims to reduce project duration without altering costs. CPM is employed to map out activities in a network, identifying the critical path to enhance time management. The initial project duration was 249 days. By breaking down work items and increasing the number of workers in critical activities, the duration was reduced to 125 days. Optimization involved dividing tasks into manageable segments and determining the appropriate workforce through trial and error. The study demonstrates that effective project scheduling and resource allocation can significantly reduce completion time, highlighting CPM's value in project management for achieving efficiency and meeting deadlines. The findings emphasize the importance of detailed planning, dependency logic, and continuous monitoring to optimize construction project timelines.

Effect of basalt fiber length on the behavior of natural hydraulic lime-based mortars

Abstract The number of studies aimed at the characterization of reinforced lime-based mortars for use in the rehabilitation of historic buildings is still very small. This fact contrasts with the growing interest of the industry in these products as substitutes for cement mortars, both for their constructive advantages (compatibility requirements) and their lower cost (economic and environmental). For this reason, this study investigates the effect of basalt fiber length on the physical, mechanical, and durability properties of reinforced natural hydraulic lime mortars and provides criteria for selecting optical blends to meet the various performance requirements for their use as building materials for traditional and contemporary structures. Specimens with 1% volume of basalt fibers and lengths of 6, 12, 18, and 24 mm have been tested. The results in fresh mortar show that increasing the fiber length decreases the consistency and bulk density, as well as increases the air content. Regarding the durability properties of hardened mortar, no direct relationship is observed between fiber length and the decrease in the water absorption coefficient of reinforced mortars. Nor is there a clear relationship between fiber length and the increase in Shore hardness and the decrease in adhesive strength in the reinforced mortars. On the contrary, for small lengths (up to 12 mm), there is a direct relationship between fiber length and the increase in other fundamental mechanical properties such as flexural and compressive strength. Based on the results obtained, a predictive model is proposed to determine the amplification factor of flexural and compressive strength as a function of fiber length.

Characterisation of Adobe and Mud-Straw for the Restoration and Rehabilitation of Persian Historical Adobe Buildings.

In the restoration or rehabilitation of traditional buildings, compatible materials with known characteristics must be used. However, the existing literature lacks comprehensive studies on the characterisation of Persian mud-straw plaster, focusing primarily on Persian adobe. Moreover, previous research on Persian adobe has primarily employed XRF and XRD tests, neglecting ion chromatography, moisture sorption isotherm determination, and thermogravimetric analysis with differential scanning calorimetry. Consequently, there is a shortage of information regarding the elemental composition, mineralogical characteristics, moisture sorption behaviour, and thermal properties of Persian mud-straw plaster, as well as Persian adobe bricks. This paper aims to address this research gap by examining historical and new adobe bricks and mud-straw plaster used in Iran, utilising a comprehensive array of analytical techniques. The results from XRF analysis reveal relatively similar chemical compositions across all samples, while XRD analysis indicates predominantly similar mineral phases. Ion chromatography results demonstrate higher conductivity and chloride concentrations in the mud-straw samples than the adobe samples, with higher values for new samples than historical ones. Freshly used straw, clay, or soil may have higher chloride concentrations caused by the arid climate and soil salinisation in the area. Additionally, moisture sorption isotherm determination results show that adobe and mud-straw plaster with a higher salt load of chlorides have significantly higher moisture absorption. The increased straw quantity in the samples increases the moisture content. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry indicate that, at low heating, adobe and mud-straw plaster lose water due to dehydration, and at high heating, they lose carbon dioxide due to decarboxylation. The comprehensive characterisation of Persian adobe and mud-straw plaster in this study fills a significant gap in the literature and offers invaluable insights for informing restoration and rehabilitation processes, ensuring the compatibility of the materials used.

Comparative analysis of two strengthening solutions for the structural rehabilitation of a historical masonry building

The paper presents a comparative analysis based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) for a masonry building located in Iasi, the North-Eastern side of Romania. This specific region is known to be found in a seismic area having a design peak ground acceleration of 0.25g. The building was assessed as being in the 1st seismic risk class, according to the Romanian norms, with a high probability of collapse in case of future earthquakes. Being a historical monument, the structural strengthening solutions are very limited. The study consists of modal and seismic analyses for the masonry structure. A comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of two approaches of structural rehabilitation solutions is done. The structural strengthening solution “A” consists of the addition of reinforced concrete thin wall elements, while the other - called solution “B” - consists of an interior steel profile skeleton mechanically and chemically connected to the adjacent masonry walls.

SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURAL REHABILITATION OF AIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURES

This paper presents a proposal for the sustainable urban-architectural rehabilitation of the former Quito airport building in Ecuador. The research focuses on exploring the implementation of nature-based solutions to optimize environmental performance and mitigate the impacts of climate change at the urban scale. Additionally, sustainable, and bioclimatic design strategies are investigated to enhance energy efficiency and resource consumption at the architectural scale. A notable aspect of the rehabilitation of the existing building is the use of glued laminated timber as the main material. This construction system has become an increasingly popular solution due to its technical, aesthetic, and environmental advantages, positioning it as a sustainable alternative capable of significantly reducing carbon emissions associated with construction. This approach not only enables the conversion of an obsolete urban area but also contributes to the preservation of important architectural heritage, making this proposal a flagship project in the responsible use of renewable natural resources in the construction industry.

Energetic and Functional Rehabilitation of Residential Buildings in Europe: Analysis and Cataloguing of the Strategies Used

The aim of this paper is to explore the rehabilitation strategies for multi-family dwellings on the level of function and techniques. The study employs its own methods of analysis using a sample of selected cases as a reference. Nearly 20% of EU buildings will have to be renovated by 2023, as almost 40% of the existing houses were built before 1980. The environmental impact of construction is among the highest among industrial activities due to the high consumption of resources and the generation of low-value waste at the construction and demolition stages. One way to reduce the environmental impact in this sector is to intervene in the building process, optimising the use of resources and waste generation. The principal objective of refurbishments is to reduce household energy consumption. However, the renovations in the housing sector should not be limited to energy considerations; the functional and technical aspects should also be considered. A new refurbishment model is necessary to focus on providing and improving the habitability of the housing stock and reducing the environmental impact by optimising the use of resources and waste generation. To achieve this, the renovations should be carefully monitored.

Transformation of an Industrial Zone Into an Urban Park: Reconstruction of Buildings

Statement of the problem. To solve the problem of shortage of land resources in the territory of modern cities, a promising direction is the redevelopment of derelict manufacturing plants, including the reuse of unexploited industrial buildings for cultural and commercial purposes. The main task of the Changchun Vanke Blue Mountain project (Jilin Province, China) presented in this article was to maximize the preservation of cultural heritage and the unique atmosphere of the industrial zone while creating an entertainment park. Results. The article describes the technical solutions that made it possible to implement this concept as part of the buildings’ reconstruction of the gear wheel manufacturer and the stamping shop with the technical office. Not only the preservation of ruins was implemented, but also the maximum possible rehabilitation of buildings using original building materials, along with the addition of new annexes built in a modern style. The features of the main street design with an emphasis on the architectural components of reconstructed buildings are provided. Conclusions. The implementation of the Changchun Vanke Blue Mountain project made it possible to popularize the history of the former plant, to show its crucial role in the formation of the city. At the same time, it was possible to create original architectural solutions using modern methods of architectural reconstruction of industrial facilities.

New aspects regarding the modernisation of High Power Laboratory of ICMET-Craiova to attain the technical and qualitative level corresponding to European Union requirements

High Power Laboratory is designed for high currents tests and it found within a modernisation process through: purchasing of new equipment, electrical apparatus and electromechanical equipment in order to realise a new installation endowed with equipment having superior characteristics and by rehabilitation of the existent buildings according to European Union norms.

Building Rehabilitation: A Sustainable Strategy for the Preservation of the Built Environment

Building rehabilitation and sustainability must go hand in hand to ensure the preservation of the built environment and environmentally conscious practices. Construction is one of the most polluting industries with a high impact on the carbon footprint. Thus, building rehabilitation appears as an effective strategy to reduce this impact, promoting the reuse of more efficient materials and technologies. This study focuses on the rehabilitation of existing buildings as a sustainable strategy and presents the quantitative profile of academic publications in the last 10 years, showing the main themes studied. The results of the sample surveyed on the Scopus platform show an increasing number of publications in the period surveyed (2012–2023), which shows a growing academic interest in the topic. It is possible to see that the publication trend line is ascending and that the largest number of articles investigates building rehabilitation, followed by the rehabilitation of school buildings, energy issues, rehabilitation methods, materials technology, water issues, and sustainability related to rehabilitation.

Rehabilitating instead of rebuilding aged or damaged pre-fabricated concrete buildings for reducing CO2 emissions: the case of Ukraine

Recycling the concrete of old and destroyed buildings and using it to build new buildings is a promising technology for post-war Ukraine, but in many cases, it may be economically and environmentally more justified to rehabilitate such buildings. This article provides an analysis of the state of the housing stock of Ukraine from prefabricated reinforced concrete from the point of view of the possibility of its rehabilitation, mainly based on the forecast of the degree of carbonation of different types of concrete structures in various conditions. Based on the results of this analysis, it can be stated that the service life of internal concrete structures can generally be extended up to 100 years, while external concrete elements after 50 years of operation may already require replacement or repair. A comparative analysis of various reconstruction strategies in Ukraine from the point of view of CO2 emissions is also given. It shows that the rehabilitation of such buildings is the most meaningful strategy.

The Contribution of Typological Studies to the Integrated Rehabilitation of Traditional Buildings: Heritage Enhancement of Urban Centres in Inner Alentejo, Portugal

The urban centres of inland Alentejo (southern Portugal) have long faced a depopulation crisis which, besides undermining the cohesion of the communities, compromises the conservation of the architectural heritage. The tendency to apply the discourses on tourism and population pressures from coastal cities to these inland territories can be detrimental to their analysis given the sheer difference in demographic dynamics. Transformations in traditional architecture—a key facet for defining these historic urban landscapes—require analysing within this social context. The imperative need to rehabilitate traditional buildings, endowing them with the living conditions communities today require, must be guided by morphological analysis, knowledge of housing history, typologies, and traditional construction techniques. This rehabilitation concept integrates into the transformation processes that traditional architecture has been undergoing for centuries, constituting adaptable and flexible structures across their organisational variants, which should be studied through a prospective approach. The article characterises the transformation of urban domestic architecture in the region, from the early modern period to the present. The results of various research projects are summarised, gathering over 500 cases. The conclusion argues that the historical process itself results in a set of themes, tools, and opportunities for these buildings’ adaptation to current needs.

Preserving the traces of conflict: The role and meaning of memory in the rehabilitation of buildings along walled Nicosia's buffer zone

PurposeThis paper focuses on the topic of memory during and post conflict and considers how it is expressed materially, spatially, and symbolically within the urban context of walled Nicosia in Cyprus. This is done to establish and define the role of memory and how this is manifested alongside the buffer zone, following the permanent division of the city (and of the island of Cyprus) in 1974, between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities. Study design/methodologyThis academic piece employs the assessment of quantitative and qualitative data deriving from semi-structured interviews taken from relevant stakeholders living and working in Nicosia, as well as the author's qualitative empirical findings to unveil the role and the meaning of memory in the rehabilitation of buildings along walled Nicosia's buffer zone. FindingsThe empirical findings of this research demonstrate that despite the Nicosia Master Plan's efforts to safeguard the Cypriot capital's historic urban core, the ongoing division materialises as a tangible transmitter of intangible meanings, closely linked to the memories of conflict. These memories affect people's perceptions about the areas close to and across the boundary. More specifically, the interview responses point out that public interaction with the areas closer to the buffer zone is limited, selective and can often result in the decay of buildings alongside the boundary. This finding is paralleled by the empirical data, which illustrates the poor physical condition of building stock near the buffer zone. Originality/valueThis research contributes to the academic discussion about Nicosia's heritage by introducing new topics and novel empirical insights linked to the division of the city. These include issues such as the interruption spatial patterns through the existence of the buffer zone, heritage prioritisation and obsolescence. In doing so, the creation and dissemination of new knowledge on the specific characteristics of the walled city is achieved, aiming at encouraging a more informed heritage protection, and to support the efforts of the – originally bicommunal - Nicosia Master Plan on both sides of the Cypriot divide.

Condition assessment of timber in the old built heritage - a case study

Where the rehabilitation and repair of ancient buildings is prevalent, the primary focus is on preserving existing materials and construction techniques. To achieve this, it is crucial that technicians have the expertise and tools to assess the value of traditional materials. This article introduces a practical methodology for identifying and evaluating the physical-mechanical properties of wood in ancient ordinary buildings. The study is grounded in the latest technical-scientific guidelines at the European level and adheres to grading rules defined by European regulations, which have been adapted for structures in service. The methodology also addresses the assessment of widespread biological degradation. The study provides a robust foundation for the technical implementation of in-service inspection actions for wooden structures in built heritage in Portugal and Europe, but its findings can be extrapolated to other countries as well. As a practical illustration, we present and discuss the assessment of a beam representative of a 19th-century ordinary building's wooden floor structure. In this case study, we applied a practical and viable assessment strategy, supported by an on-site inspection procedure. We conclude that inspection work is fundamental to underpinning a well-structured project and that equipping technicians with experience in working with ancient buildings and a practical and straightforward methodology is key to successful condition monitoring. This work forms part of the research activity conducted at Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability (CERIS) and has been funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) as part of project UIDB/04625/2020.