Rehabilitation Institute Research Articles

Effect of Cyriax Manipulation on Individuals with Text Neck Syndrome: A Research Protocol for Quasi-experimental Study

Introduction: Text Neck Syndrome (TNS) is a modernday problem resulting from prolonged and excessive use of electronic devices such as Smartphones (SP), tablets, and laptops. This condition is characterised by the forward tilting of the head and neck, leading to strain on the cervical spine. Symptoms may include neck pain, stiffness, headaches, and shoulder discomfort. As technology continues to dominate our lives, understanding and addressing the implications of TNS is crucial for maintaining musculoskeletal health in the digital era. Need for the study: Although the Cyriax approach is widely used to treat musculoskeletal issues, there is no literature on its application to treat TNS. Aim: To evaluate the significance of Cyriax manipulation in individuals with TNS in terms of pain and disability. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental design will be applied. The study will be conducted in the Department of Musculoskeletal Outpatient Department (OPD), Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India, from December 2021 to March 2023. Participants will be chosen from a group of 18-30-year-olds who have been using SP for a long duration for the present quasiexperimental study. Each subject’s complete demographic information, including name, age, gender, weight, and height, will be recorded. Normal distribution of the data will be verified by Shapiro-Wilk’s test. The level of significance or alpha level will be set at a p-value <0.05 to be considered statistically significant. Two treatment sessions will be provided per week. Neck Disability Index (NDI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Craniovertebral Angle (CVA) will be used to assess pain, disability, and forward head posture.

Адаптивная физическая культура в психогимнастике для лиц с нарушением интеллекта

The results of a pedagogical experiment on the application of the methods of psychohymnastics with elements of physical exercises by persons with intellectual disabilities are presented. The changes in their condition that have occurred are shown. The object of the study is the process of adaptive physical education of persons with intellectual disabilities. The subject of the study is the method of using adaptive physical culture in the psychogymnastics classes of persons with intellectual disabilities. It is proved that the use of physical exercises in psychohymnastics classes increases the level of physical fitness and psycho-physiological state of persons with intellectual disabilities. The temporal and economic efficiency of the applied methods is substantiated. The developed methods has shown the effectiveness of the educational process of persons with intellectual disabilities in the implementation of physical fitness and psychological state. Methods can be used by specialists in adaptive physical culture and rehabilitation in educational institutions and in institutions of additional education.

History of the institute of rehabilitation in the Russian criminal procedural legislation of the XII - XIX centuries

History of the institute of rehabilitation in the Russian criminal procedural legislation of the XII - XIX centuries

Impact of Prisoner Population on the Prison Rehabilitation Process in Sri Lanka

Prison is one of the main and important agencies which involves in the criminal justice process. Offenders who are sentenced to imprisonment are sent to this institution for rehabilitation. The main objective of the prison institution is to rehabilitate prisoners thereby helping them to understand what was wrong with their behaviors and helping them to become productive citizens in the future after releasing from prison. In order to achieve this task, the prison system should take necessary steps to conduct an effective rehabilitation process during the imprisonment period. The study was based on to study the impact of the prisoners population on the prison rehabilitation process in Sri Lanka.. The objective of the research was to identify basic rehabilitation problems caused by the prisoners population. The research was conducted in Mahara prison in the Gampaha District of the western province. The study sample included 50 prisoners out of 1500 prisoners of Mahara prison. The sample was selected using systematic sampling which is one of the probability sampling methods used. And also prison officers were selected under the same sample. The data obtained from the research have been extensively analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The finding reveals that the physical and human resources in prisons are limited compared to the increasing number of prisoners, referrals from prisoners to vocational sectors have decreased, and 66% of prisoners have health problems. Meanwhile, there are sexually transmitted diseases and rashes. Furthermore, remanded prisoners have increased due to delays in cases. To increase the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process, the prisoner population must be controlled, for that, it is important to have an interconnection between the court and prison

INTRODUCTION OF THE PACKAGE OF MEDICAL SERVICES «COMPREHENSIVE REHABILITATION ASSISTANCE TO ADULTS AND CHILDREN IN STATIONARY CONDITIONS» IN HEALTH CARE INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE: MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

The aim: To investigate the conditions for the introduction of the package of medical services “Comprehensive rehabilitation assistance to adults and children in stationary conditions” and to directly study and analyze the requirements for equipment. Materials and Methods: The specification and conditions for the purchase of medical services under the program of medical guarantees under the package “Comprehensive rehabilitation assistance to adults and children in stationary conditions” were used as the materials of the study. The following methods were applied in the course of the study: bibliosemantic, of content analysis, of structural and logical analysis. Conclusions: It was established that in order to introduce the package of medical services “Comprehensive rehabilitation assistance to adults and children in stationary conditions”, health care institutions of Ukraine must be provided with equipment that is functionally divided into four groups: equipment to ensure effective patient care, medical equipment, rehabilitation equipment and household equipment. The results of the study indicate the formation of a network of high-quality comprehensive rehabilitation institutions in Ukraine.

PROVIDING EARLY INTERVENTION SERVICES FOR FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES IN WAR CONDITIONS

The war led to a humanitarian crisis in Ukraine, the resettlement of a significant number of people to other regions and abroad, collective trauma and the need to adapt to the consequences of the conflict. This situation had a particularly acute effect on socially vulnerable categories of persons, in particular on families with children who have developmental disabilities. Early identification of biological and social factors related to a child's development disorder makes it possible to start intensive rehabilitation in a timely manner to eliminate deviations and minimize disability. The ultimate goal of the early intervention service is appropriate work on early child care and normalization of family life. Social protection of children with disabilities at an early age was developing in the pre-war period. Now the situation has changed, which determined the reformatting of public policy in the specified area. Due to intensive military operations, the established network of rehabilitation institutions is not working at full capacity, which has affected the physical difficulty of providing/receiving the specified service. For families with children who have developmental disabilities, services in the field of health care are the most necessary, but they are mostly practically unavailable due to the military operations on the territory of Ukraine and the lack of budget funding in this area. Material assistance is paid on time and regularly, government documents have been adopted that have expanded the circle of recipients of social assistance for children with disabilities. At the same time, it was found that a significant number of families with children with developmental disabilities need such vital things as funds, medicines, warm clothes, food and water supplies, things for heating and home heating, which proves that the named families mostly have a low level of income. The military actions have also changed the work of professionals who provide early intervention services and social workers. They are meant to become one of the centers of emotional solidarity of citizens and the spread of the culture of psychological health in society. On the basis of the analysis of the existing situation, current problems are identified and ways to overcome them are proposed.

Torts committed within the scope of volunteering and humanitarian aid under martial law

The article is devoted to the topic of liability for torts committed within the scope of volunteering and humanitarian aid. The main concepts, as volunteering and humanitarian aid, are defined. It has been established that volunteering is characterized by the fact that it acts on the basis of representation; persons who wish to become volunteers are added to their lists by concluding an appropriate contract with non-profit organizations and institutions on whose behalf they will perform this or that work for this or that organization. Humanitarian aid differs by the donors (those who provide humanitarian aid) are legal entities, and the recipients are legal entities registered in the Unified Register of Humanitarian Aid Recipients; recipients can be charitable, religious and public organizations, their enterprises, as well as rehabilitation institutions; it is through the recipients that the aid is transferred to the recipients - individuals and legal entities who directly need it. It is summarized that since volunteering and humanitarian aid are forms of charity, they share common responsibilities.
 The types of offenses for which responsibility arises in the field of volunteering and humanitarian aid are analyzed. Special attention is paid to Art. 201-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which was introduced by the Law "On Amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine Regarding Liability for Illegal Use of Humanitarian Aid" dated March 24, 2022, and establishes liability for the sale of humanitarian aid items, the use of charitable donations or free aid, the conclusion of other transactions regarding the disposal of such property for the purpose of obtaining profit.
 It has been established that in practice problematic issues arise with the application of the provisions of the Criminal Code due to non-observance of the norms on the transfer of property of citizens in a proper manner.

The clinical and radiological outcome of uncemented primary total hip arthroplasty in case of AVN of femoral head in middle age group

Background: The appropriate treatment of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head has become a serious problem around the world, particularly in adult instances. Objective was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome of uncemented primary total hip arthroplasty in case of AVN of femoral head in terms of pain relief, functional capacity, range of motion, absence of deformity, radiological assessment and comparing pre-operative and post-operative functional status.Methods: This was a prospective observational study of 44 hips of 37 patients at the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Dhaka, Bangladesh.Results: Here, majority (70%) belong to 30-35 years age group, and 75% were male. The affected site of arthroplasty among patients where highest (51.35%) patients had been affected on right side and right side number of hip was (40.42%). Among all, 30 patients underwent unilateral total hip replacement (THR), 7 patients who were affected bilaterally underwent staged bilateral THR at an interval of 6-12 weeks. According to the position of the acetabular component, anteverted in 70% patients, retroverted in 0% patients, neutral in 25% patient, <35º inclined in 0% patients, 35º-50º inclined in 65% patients, and >50º inclined in 20% patients at follow-up cases. Based on modified Harris hip score (HHS), 92% cases rated this treatment as excellent.Conclusions: Uncemented total hip arthroplasty in individuals, who have arthritis of the hip joint secondary to AVN, provides satisfactory clinical and radiographic outcome. Though the procedure is not free of complications, the overall functional and clinical outcome had shown excellent result.

SELECTED PROBLEMATIC ISSUES CONCERNING PENITENTIARY PRACTICE

One of the fundamental tasks of penitentiary policy is to study the effectiveness of institutional rehabilitation activities in their practical application. It seems obvious that the Polish penitentiary experience primarily takes into account and refers to empirical research leaving in the background a number of theoretical issues that can only be properly resolved on the basis of a certain practice that bears in mind the state of knowledge of social problems. Efforts aimed at improving the justice system therefore require referring first of all to the achievements of science and recommendations resulting from scientific and research work, which, in turn, according to the authors, allows forecasting more and more effective educational methods and measures in relation to the needs and expectations of the penitentiary system. What emerges, therefore, is the need for a more in-depth analysis of the indicated topic on the basis of current penitentiary law, the review of all existing research that has already accumulated within the given field.The design scope and the criteria developed, directly linked to the subject matter of the research, it will be possible to indicate specific proposals concerning the possibility of improving penitentiary practice according to the scientific basis. The main subject of this article is an analysis of selected issues included in the penitentiary regulations concerning the execution of custodial sentences in relation to the assumptions and objectives of the rehabilitation practice, in consideration of the methodology of this activity.

Terapi Suportif untuk Mengurangi Perilaku Berdiam Diri Pada Penderita Skizofrenia

Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder that includes behavioral, emotional, and cognitive disorders. This affects the sufferer in daily activities. Supportive therapy is given to improve the adaptive and interpersonal functions of the subject, in order to control themselves and restore adaptive balance, especially in daily activities. The assessment used were interviews, observation, psychological tests, Wartegg, Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), and Woodworth's Character Questionnaires (WWQ). The results of the intervention showed that there was a change in the daily lives of subjects who were often silent to become individuals who began to diligently carry out activities while in rehabilitation institutions. Subjects who often remain silent begin to be able to carry out activities that have been created in accordance with the collective agreement.

The Influence of Parents’ Mutual Support on the Socialization of Children with Special Needs in Rehabilitation Centres: Neuropsychological Aspects

The article presents theoretical and methodological aspects of social support for families with adolescents with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in rehabilitation centres. In particular, it describes the process and results from the implementation of the author’s work with mutual support groups of parents of adolescents with MSDs. The article aims to determine and quasi-experimentally verify the methods of rehabilitation of individuals with MSDs and prove their effectiveness in rehabilitation centres with the involvement of parents. During the implementation of the programme, social work with families in centres for social rehabilitation of children with MSDs consists of the following main areas: family therapy, family psychoprophylaxis, providing social assistance to families, mediation in resolving family conflicts, family counselling, social and pedagogical work with families. The content and forms of social and pedagogical work with the family are determined by a group of the following factors: a family type, problems in the family; areas of professional training of the specialist providing services to the family. The quasi-experimental group (EG) consists of 40 leavers from the Vinnytsia Centre for Social Rehabilitation of Children with Special Needs “Promin”, who are diagnosed with cerebral palsy, and six leavers with mild mental disorders. The control group (CG) consists of 40 individuals diagnosed with cerebral palsy and seven individuals with mild mental disorders. The age requirement for EG is 14-19 years old. The formative experiment also involves 27 parents of children with MSDs. The measures taken during the experiment have contributed to developing the skills of conscious psychological separation from constant parental care, taking responsibility for their lives, setting real-life goals and destroying the position of helplessness in individuals with MSDs. The article shows that a set of causes and factors affecting families’ well-being positively or negatively determines the interpersonal relationships and the traditions of family education. The international relevance of the article lies in the effective combination of social support for families with adolescents with MSDs in rehabilitation centres and parents’ involvement. The author’s methodology forms the basis for the new aspects of synergistic family and institutional rehabilitation and support.

Present situation and countermeasures of technical support system of occupational disease prevention and control in China

Objective: To analyze the current situation and existing problems of the technical support system for occupational disease prevention and control in china, and to put forward development measures and suggestions. Methods: In January 2021, a cluster method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on the relevant institutions of national occupational disease prevention and control technology support. Mainly investigate the development of occupational disease prevention and control centers (institutes) , municipal and county-level disease control centers, occupational health examination, occupational disease diagnosis and occupational health intermediary services. Data are described by number and composition ratio (%) , and descriptive analysis is made on the data. Results: As of December 2020, there were 140 occupational disease prevention and control centers (institutes) nationwide, an increase of 65 compared with 2019. There were 323 municipal and 2704 county-level centers for disease control and prevention, accounting for 97.00% (323/333) and 95.01% (2704/2846) of the total number of centers for disease control and prevention. There were 4520 occupational health examination institutions, 587 occupational disease diagnosis institutions, 1093 occupational health technical service institutions and 623 radiological health technical service institutions. Conclusion: The supporting force and ability of occupational disease prevention and control technology need to be improved, and the strength of occupational disease prevention and control hospitals (institutes) is still weak; The municipal and county-level centers for disease control and prevention need to further improve their conditions and capabilities; The number of occupational health examination, occupational disease diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation institutions was relatively insufficient.

The relationship between affiliate stigma, stress, and quality of life for parents of individuals with cerebral palsy in Malaysia

Objective To examine the relationship between affiliate stigma, stress, and perceived quality of life among parents of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Method Surveys (Study 1) and semi-structured interviews (Study 2) were used to collect data. Thirty-eight respondents completed the Affiliate Stigma Scale (ASS), Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), and Care-related Quality of Life (CarerQol) scales (GMFCS). Eleven respondents took part in semi-structured interviews, which were then thematically evaluated. Results Parents did not feel stigmatized because they had a child with CP. However, parents needed some form of short-term relief from caregiving. After controlling for demographics, high stress respondents experienced high affiliate stigma whereas low stress respondents had better quality of life. Although the respondents with less stigma had a better quality of life, this effect was moderate. Three major themes emerged from the interviews. Conclusion Counseling, support groups, and helper services should be offered to parents. Also, healthcare professionals participating in CP rehabilitation, community-based rehabilitation, and health institutions should be educated on how to better help parents of children with CP.

Repeated episodes of seizures in an infant following accidental administration of tramadol suppository: a case report

Tramadol has become a popular analgesic in last few years. Number of studies has reported tramadol poisoning in children. Here, we report a case of tramadol poisoning in a one and half month old infant who presented with repeated seizures and apnea following accidental administration of tramadol suppository. IMC J Med Sci. 2023; 17(1): 010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.17.010 *Correspondence: Israt Zahan Ima, Department of Pediatrics, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), 1/A Ibrahim Sarani, Segunbagicha, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Email: imaisratzahan@gmail.com

Relationship between gross motor function of cerebral palsy children and quality of life of their primary caregivers.

To determine the relationship between gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy and quality of life of their primary caregivers. The cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from December 2020 to August 2021 at the Sindh Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and the Rabia Moon Trust, Karachi, and comprised children with cerebral palsy and their caregivers. The children were assessed on the basis of Gross Motor Function Measure-66 and Gross Motor Functional Classification System, while the caregivers were asked to complete the self-administered World Health Organisation Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire. All the categorical variables were presented through frequencies and percentages. Spearman's Correlation was applied to evaluate the correlation. Data was analysed using SPSS 16. Of the 43 children, 26(60.5%) were male and 17(39.5%) were females. The overall mean age was 5.70±1.820 years. Among the caregivers, 40(93%) were females and 3(7%) were males. The mean age of the caregivers was 27.70±4.77 years. None of domains of quality of life showed significant correlation with total score of Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (p>0.05). The disease severity among children with cerebral palsy was not a factor associated with quality of life of the caregivers. The physical health was relatively lower among the caregivers, but it was not associated with motor disabilities.

Understanding anterior communicating artery aneurysms: A bibliometric analysis of top 100 most cited articles.

Bibliometric analysis is of paramount importance in assessing the research impact wherein studies are ranked on the basis of citations received. It also brings out the excellent contribution of authors and journals in adding evidence for future research. This study aimed at evaluating the top 100 most cited articles on anterior communicating artery (ACoA) Aneurysms. Scopus database was searched using title specific search for the aneurysm of ACoA and top 100 most cited articles along with their authors, author IDs, affiliated institutions, countries and funding bodies were identified. Search yielded 841 articles and top 100 articles were identified to include in this analysis which secured 5615 citations. Citations per year was also calculated to minimize the risk of bias. Maximum citations by any article were 242. The United States was the major contributor to the number of articles while Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation became the highest contributing institution. DeLuca J proved to be a pioneer in this specialized area as he penned 6 studies being first author in 4 of them, making him the most frequent author. National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services were the main funding bodies. Subcategory analysis revealed, 50% studies provided evidence for the treatment and the surgical outcome of the aneurysm. Studies like these can aid in better neurological and neurosurgical management in decision making of ACoA aneurysm.

СУЧАСНІ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЙНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ У СФЕРІ ЗДОРОВ’Я

The article analyzes the main results of the study of the peculiarities of the professional training of future rehabilitation assistants and occupational therapists in classes on modern rehabilitation technologies in the field of health. The development of rehabilitation and information technologies, electronics, radio engineering, robotics and other fields of science and technology contributes to the emergence of the latest diagnostic, treatment and rehabilitation complexes and systems. Mechanotherapy has always been an important component in the rehabilitation of the restoration of the patient's motor functions. Robotic mechanotherapy is a new method of rehabilitation. At the same time, special robotic structures are used for training the functions of the upper and lower limbs with the presence of feedback. When comparing the quality of robotic therapy training with traditional physical therapy classes, one can focus on the following advantages of the first: extended duration of classes, accuracy of cyclic, repeatedly repeated movements; constant uniform training program; the presence of an assessment of the effectiveness of certain physical exercises performed and the possibility of showing it to the patient. Modern robotic complexes, systems and devices significantly increase the effectiveness of diagnostics, treatment and physical rehabilitation measures. At the same time, the lack of educational literature, which would combine information about known types of complexes, device systems, reduces the effectiveness of the educational process and complicates the adaptation of graduates to rehabilitation industrial activities after graduating from higher education institutions. The presence in the training program of the educational component of modern rehabilitation technologies in the field of health makes it possible to deepen the knowledge and practical skills of the students, aimed at the effective implementation of modern technologies in the system of physical rehabilitation and to acquire competencies corresponding to the educational program. The result of the training of future specialists-rehabilitators for professional activities in the field of rehabilitation is familiarization and mastering of modern methods and tools, algorithms of their action, which will enable them to adapt more quickly in the future in the spheres of operation of foreign robotic and computerized tools that are constantly arriving in Ukraine. during physical rehabilitation procedures in medical and rehabilitation institutions. Key words: component lighting, rehabilitation, damage, technologies, robotic complexes, a person with disabilities, rehabilitation specialists, computerized means of rehabilitation.

Sex and Gender Effects in Traumatic Brain Injury: An Educational Trial For Patients and Caregivers

<h3>Research Objectives</h3> To investigate the effectiveness of a one-time educational intervention on sex (i.e., biological attributes) and gender (i.e., norms, responsibilities) influences in traumatic brain injury (TBI) for patients and caregivers. <h3>Design</h3> Pilot pre-test/post-test randomized control-group study design. <h3>Setting</h3> Zoom and the University Health Network Research Electronic Data Capture application, of the KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute UHN, Ontario, Canada. <h3>Participants</h3> Sixteen individuals with TBI and caregivers (75% persons with TBI, 63% women). <h3>Interventions</h3> Participants were randomly allocated into passive, active or control groups. The passive group received 90-minutes of lecture delivering content, and the active group received the same content in a session structured to foster interaction and dialogue. The control group did not receive any education. All participants completed a pre- and post-test questionnaire measuring knowledge, attitude, and skill towards educational content. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Individual and group learning gains, and group-average normalized gain (aNG) for knowledge, attitude, and skill were calculated. An aNG of ≥ 30% substantiated the intervention's effectiveness. <h3>Results</h3> Both educational methods led to improvements in participants' scores on knowledge, attitude, and skill. The highest aNG was observed in the passive group (i.e., 100% for knowledge, 50% for attitude, 37% for skill). The active and control groups did not demonstrate an aNG of ≥ 30%, except for the attitude domain of the control group (∼33%). Positive feedback on content, organization, and utilization of the intervention was received. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A passive educational intervention on sex and gender in TBI may be beneficial for persons with TBI and caregivers. Further research is needed to explore the effects of active engagement on knowledge, attitude, and skill acquisition. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> No conflict to disclose.

Bimbingan Rohani Islam dalam Mengembangkan Spiritual bagi Korban Penyalahgunaan Napza

The problem of drug abuse requires professional and serious handling because drug users can come from all walks of life and all ages. Treatment for victims of drug abuse (residents) can be through social rehabilitation with various programs and services to help residents recover; one of the programs is Islamic spiritual guidance services. This study aims to explain the implementation of spiritual guidance for spiritual development, which is carried out at the "Satria" Baturraden Center. The method used is a descriptive qualitative, with spiritual guidance officers as subjects and addiction counselors at the “Satria” Baturraden Center. Data collection was in the form of observations and interviews, which were then analyzed and supported by triangulation. The results are that Islamic spiritual guidance is essential to be given to residents undergoing drug rehabilitation. Implementing Islamic spiritual guidance can be done by providing motivational material and self-awareness associated with Islamic religious studies and supported by religious activities, such as: reading the Qur'an, praying five times a day, dhikr, and reading blessings, as well as activities other. Through Islamic spiritual guidance, residents can get many benefits that can be applied in daily worship activities while undergoing rehabilitation and after leaving the rehabilitation institution.

Functional Electrical Stimulation for home use in patients after stroke

Aim: The aim of this pragmatic observational study was to identify for which purposes Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been prescribed in University Rehabilitation Institute of Republic of Slovenia – Soča (URI-Soča) for long term treatment at home and whether prescribing practice has been changed over time in the last 10 years. Methods: A pragmatic cohort retrospective study included 373 stroke patients that performed inpatient rehabilitation at the Department for rehabilitation of patients after stroke URI-Soča between January 2010 and December 2019, and used FES at home after discharge. Results: FES was most often prescribed to patients with mild disability and severely affected upper extremity after stroke. Half of the patients used FES on the paretic upper extremity, 46.9% on the hemiparetic upper and lower extremity and only minority (2.9%) on the affected lower extremity alone. The upper limb stimulation predominated almost in the whole observational period. 22.3% of the patients used FES for more than 1 year, on average 3.5 years. A combination of FES and botulinum toxin therapies was used as a spasticity treatment of affected upper extremity in almost one third of patients (29.8%). In a group that used FES for more than one year, botulinum toxin therapies were statistically significantly more frequent (P&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusions: Almost one-third of patients included in this study got FES for home use to manage spasticity. More than a half of those who used FES at home for years used combination of botulinum toxin and FES therapies which suggests they felt effectiveness of combined treatment approach.