Regulatory System Research Articles

Designing and testing a sustainability soft regulation system: rating and ranking the wild animal welfare practices of tourism distribution channels

ABSTRACT The lack of standards pertaining to wild animal welfare practices in tourism creates an opportunity to introduce soft regulations to improve public accountability and foster positive change. We developed a rating and ranking system to embed the ideologies of a non-governmental organisation to improve wild animal welfare practices, acting as institutional entrepreneurs to gain pragmatic legitimacy within tourism distribution channels. The new system aims to create change in three ways: (i) informing, (ii) ordering, (iii) surveyance and control of wild animal welfare. We candidly report on the methodological choices behind the system’s design and implementation. We evaluate tourism distribution channels on four aspects, their: (i) policy and commitment statements, (ii) target setting and performance measurement, (iii) industry engagement and (iv) consumer awareness initiatives. An analysis of data from 12 international companies in 2020 and 2022 demonstrates how the system allows for shallow engagement in wild animal welfare practices, yet also offers the potential for significant improvements. We reflect on three methodological challenges: (i) quantification and commensuration during system design, (ii) the availability and credibility of data sources and (iii) the transparency of results.

Efforts to Develop Tourism Village Programs in an Effort to Improve Original Village Income in Gronjong Wariti Tourism Village, Mejono Village Plemahan District, Kediri Regency

Gronjong Wariti is a village tourism that has the characteristic of providing a tourist village as an entertainment object for tourists. The development of Gronjog Wariti Tourism Village has been attempted to develop to face a number of obstacles, including the many informal tourism managers. This research method is descriptive qualitative. The subjects are the Head of Mejono Village, the Head of the Gronjong Wariti Tourism Village Management Board, community leaders and residents of Gronjong Wariti Tourism Village. Interviews and observations are used in data collection. In this study, data analysis was carried out by collecting data, reducing data and presenting data to draw conclusions. The findings of this study explain that efforts to develop Gronjong Wariti Tourism Village can be seen from the aspects of tourist objects and attractions, tourism infrastructure, tourism facilities, and management/infrastructure management, the community. In terms of tourist objects and destinations, the village government has coordinated with the people to clean and rearrange tourist objects so that they can be visited by tourists. In terms of tourism infrastructure, the management of Gronjong Wariti Tourism Village works together with the community to provide places of worship, parking lots, toilets, food stalls, souvenir shops, and others. In terms of tourism facilities, the management of Gronjong Wariti Tourism Village has collaborated with the community to provide home accommodation and transportation services for tourists. In terms of management/infrastructure, the village government has developed a regulatory system to manage and develop tourism villages. In terms of the village community, the village government has made socialization to the community and tourism managers.

Research on Driver Emotion Monitoring and Regulation System in Intelligent Assisted Driving

Abstract. With the rapid development of smart connected vehicles, the influence, recognition and regulation of driver's emotions are crucial for intelligent cockpits with "emotional interaction". This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of driver emotion monitoring systems in intelligent assisted driving. By summarizing and analyzing related literature, the structure and application of emotion monitoring systems are introduced, their principles and evaluation criteria are discussed in depth, and the advantages and limitations of the three sub-systems, namely, detection, decision-making and regulation, are analyzed in detail. The results show that although emotion monitoring and modulation technologies perform well in enhancing driving safety and comfort, their practical applications still face challenges in terms of technology maturity, cost control, and privacy protection. In addition, the reliability and accuracy of current emotion monitoring systems in complex driving environments have yet to be improved. Future research should focus on interdisciplinary cooperation to integrate the latest achievements in psychology, computer science and engineering. At the same time, it is necessary to develop unified technical standards and evaluation guidelines to promote compatibility and interoperability between different systems and enhance research on privacy protection measures to ensure the security and confidentiality of user data. Through these efforts, the field of intelligent driving is expected to achieve comprehensive development and wide application, further enhancing driver safety and user experience.

Controller design and optimal sizing of battery energy storage system for frequency regulation in a multi machine power system

Frequency regulation is one of the key components needed to keep the power grid stable and reliable in the case of an imbalance between generation and load. This study looks at several control techniques for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) to keep the frequency stable in the power system during generation/load disruptions. This research aims to build several BESS controllers, including the proportional-integral (PI), proportional integral derivative (PID), and Tilt-Integral Derivative (TID) controllers. Also, the BESS controller parameters are optimized and compared by using metaheuristics based particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the BAT algorithm. However, for practical power systems with high MVA ratings, the size of the battery energy storage systems has to be increased considerably to offset frequency deviations. Additionally, by utilizing PSO to reduce the frequency deviations within prescribed limits, this work presents the optimal BESS sizing for multimachine power systems. Furthermore, the research study examines the impact of BESS connected to various voltage levels, such as LV, MV, and HV subgrids. It also examines BESS's role in frequency management, which is an area of expertise that needs further investigation and is anticipated to have a big influence on the frequency stability of the system. Time domain simulations are carried out, which shows that the PSO based controller design is capable of stabilizing the system frequency with superior performance as well as the BESS's capability to participate effectively in frequency regulation. Additionally, this paper also implements the experimental verification through Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulations to validate the performance and robustness of the proposed control system. The WSCC 9-bus test system is used to demonstrate the BESS's efficacy. The system is modelled and simulated using the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software.

Identification, functional analysis of chitin-binding proteins and the association of its single nucleotide polymorphisms with Vibrio parahaemolyticus resistance in Penaeus vannamei

Chitin-binding proteins (CBPs) play pivotal roles in numerous biological processes in arthropods, including growth, molting, reproduction, and immune defense. However, their function in the antibacterial immune defense of crustaceans remains relatively underexplored. In this study, twenty CBPs were identified and characterized in Penaeus vannamei. Expression profiling highlighted that the majority of CBPs were highly expressed in the intestine and hepatopancreas and responded to challenge by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. To explore the role of these CBPs in innate immunity, six CBPs (PvPrg4, PvKrtap16, PvPT-1a, PvPT-1b, PvExtensin and PvCP-AM1159) were selected for RNAi experiments. Silencing of only PvPrg4 and PvKrtap16 significantly decreased the cumulative mortality of V. parahaemolyticus-infected shrimp. Further studies demonstrated that inhibition of PvPrg4 and PvKrtap16 resulted in a marked upregulation of genes associated with the NF-κB and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, as well as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), in both the intestine and hepatopancreas. These results collectively suggested that PvPrg4 and PvKrtap16 potentially promote V. parahaemolyticus invasion by negatively regulating the JAK-STAT and NF-κB pathways, thereby inhibiting the expression of AMPs. In addition, SNP analysis identified three SNPs in the exons of PvPrg4 that were significantly associated with tolerance to V. parahaemolyticus. Taken together, these findings are expected to assist in the molecular marker-assisted breeding of P. vannamei associated with anti-V. parahaemolyticus traits, as well as expand our understanding of CBP functions within the immune regulatory system of crustaceans.

A temperature-sensitive metabolic valve and a transcriptional feedback loop drive rapid homeoviscous adaptation in Escherichia coli

All free-living microorganisms homeostatically maintain the fluidity of their membranes by adapting lipid composition to environmental temperatures. Here, we quantify enzymes and metabolic intermediates of the Escherichia coli fatty acid and phospholipid synthesis pathways, to describe how this organism measures temperature and restores optimal membrane fluidity within a single generation after a temperature shock. A first element of this regulatory system is a temperature-sensitive metabolic valve that allocates flux between the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid synthesis pathways via the branchpoint enzymes FabI and FabB. A second element is a transcription-based negative feedback loop that counteracts the temperature-sensitive valve. The combination of these elements accelerates membrane adaptation by causing a transient overshoot in the synthesis of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids following temperature shocks. This strategy is comparable to increasing the temperature of a water bath by adding water that is excessively hot rather than adding water at the desired temperature. These properties are captured in a mathematical model, which we use to show how hard-wired parameters calibrate the system to generate membrane compositions that maintain constant fluidity across temperatures. We hypothesize that core features of the E. coli system will prove to be ubiquitous features of homeoviscous adaptation systems.

The switch behavior in a gene transcription regulation system driven by Levy noise and Gaussian noise

The switch behavior in a gene transcription regulation system driven by Levy noise and Gaussian noise

Regulation of the Role of Mediators in Efforts to Resolve Employment Disputes: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and United Kingdom

This study aims to examine the regulatory frameworks for mediators in employment dispute resolution in Indonesia and the United Kingdom. The research method involves a comparative analysis of the two countries' approaches to regulating the mediation process, mediator qualifications, and the enforceability of mediated agreements. The findings of the study indicate that a robust regulatory environment is crucial in ensuring the credibility and reliability of the mediation process, which in turn increases the willingness of parties to engage in mediation and improves the overall outcomes of employment disputes. The research identifies key considerations for the development of a future regulatory framework, including the need to strike a balance between confidentiality and transparency, strengthen the enforceability of mediated agreements, and harmonize the standards for mediator training, accreditation, and ethical guidelines. The research results suggest that the implementation of a regulated system for case reporting, the development of specialized tribunals or procedures for efficient enforcement of mediated agreements, and the establishment of comprehensive national standards for mediator qualifications and continuous professional development would contribute to the overall effectiveness of mediation as a dispute resolution mechanism in both developed and developing country contexts.

It takes two to tango: Preserving daptomycin efficacy against daptomycin-resistant MRSA using daptomycin-phage co-therapy.

Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a threat to the health care system, especially cross-resistance between daptomycin (DAP) and glycopeptides through various mutations such as mprF (which is involved in the modification of membrane phospholipids in some bacteria) and yycG (part of a two-component regulatory system in bacteria that is important for regulating cell wall biosynthesis and other cellular processes) has been reported previously. Our current study shows adjunctive treatment with phage in DAP-resistant strains will lead to synergistic activity and larger phage plaque sizes, translating to elevated lytic performance. The addition of bacteriophage to standard-of-care antibiotic therapies for multidrug-resistant S. aureus infections has the potential to hinder, and possibly revert, resistance to antibiotics. Applying this strategy can potentially lead to the preservation of the current antibiotics. Verification of this salutary outcome in relevant ex vivo and in vivo models of endovascular infections is required to validate translatability.

Navigating electricity network congestion: An examination of a principle‐based regulatory theory and strategy

AbstractThe digitisation of the energy sector is moving fast. At the same time, the transition to renewable energy brings challenges. However, legislative developments either move slowly or are introduced in a piecemeal manner. This situation is sometimes perceived as a regulatory mismatch and is problematic from the perspective of achieving climate and sustainability goals. The limited capacity of energy grids to transport electricity is a prime example of why we need a regulatory system that takes into account the fast‐paced development of technology while providing a consistent pathway for the future. In this contribution, we build on the scholarship that identifies energy principles. We analyse the extent to which principles play a role in new energy regulation and in Dutch mitigatory policies. As a theoretical framework for explaining the crucial role of principles in regulation, we use Fleming's normative proposal of the trias of energy regulation.

Can HRV Biofeedback Training Improve the Mental Resilience of Icelandic Police Officers?

High heart rate variability (HRV) is increasingly recognized as an indicator of a healthy regulatory system, reflecting the dynamic balance between sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic (PSNS) nervous system activity. According to the neurovisceral integration model, this balance is managed by the central autonomic network (CAN), comprised of specific brain regions involved in emotional, attentional, and autonomic regulation. HRV thus reflects the performance of the cognitive, affective, and autonomic regulation system. Numerous studies support the relationship between HRV and the CAN, including research on HRV biofeedback training (HRVBF). Studies on the effectiveness of HRVBF for professions such as police officers have shown improvements in self-regulation, decision-making, and performance. However, few studies have specifically explored HRVBF's influence on HRV metrics in police officers, highlighting a need for further research. This study addresses this gap by randomly assigning 27 Icelandic police officers to intervention or wait-list control groups. The intervention group underwent a five-week HRVBF program, including group and individual training sessions. Results showed significant increases in HRV metrics for the intervention group, indicating improved autonomic function and stress resilience. Mental resilience increased significantly as measured by subjective measures of attentional control, mindful awareness, and reduced fatigue. These findings support the efficacy of HRVBF in enhancing HRV and mental resilience for police officers, suggesting its applicability and potential for integration into existing training programs.

Issues and Challenges of the Digitisation of the Capital Market in India

Governance involves the use of political, economic, and administrative power to manage a nation's affairs and ensure citizens' rights. E-governance utilizes electronic means for efficient, transparent public service delivery. India's National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) aims to enhance governance through a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model, establishing over 100,000 Common Service Centres (CSCs). These CSCs act as delivery hubs for public and private services, addressing regional development while fostering private sector and community participation for sustainable livelihoods. Mitigating the challenges of digitization requires raising user awareness and advancing the regulatory system through the use of cybersecurity practices

Reproducing and reformulating categories of skill in regional and global migration governance: evidence from India and Bangladesh

ABSTRACT Approximately one-third of the world’s 169 million migrant workers come from the Asia and Pacific region, primarily working in temporary, low-wage jobs in the Gulf, where they face human and labor rights issues. In 2003, 12 Asian migrant-origin states formed the Colombo Process to address these labor concerns. This article examines and contrasts two major emigrant-origin states’ – India and Bangladesh –behavior in the Colombo Process, a regional consultative process, and other multilateral migration governance fora, focusing on the social construction of skills. Both countries inherited a colonial legal system of emigration regulation which distinguished emigrants into “high-” and “low-skill” categories, which India continues to reproduce, while Bangladesh aims to reformulate their categorization. This article investigates the how, where, and when of the countries’ emigrant categorization processes by tracing the categories’ origins, their reproduction, and reformulation. This article highlights the significant role migrant-origin states play in the politics of skill.

Farmers’ Socioeconomic Characteristics and Perception of Land Use Change Defining Optimal Agroforestry Practices in Khost Province, Afghanistan

Agroforestry practices evolve with the development of basic and advanced facilities, changes in natural and artificial factors of land, and land use trade-offs. This study aims to examine the farmers’ socioeconomic characteristics and perception of land use changes that define optimal agroforestry practices in Khost Province, Afghanistan. Data were collected from 662 farmers and analyzed using univariate Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). The results found that forest and vegetable products, including fruits, berries, herbs, mushrooms, wild animals, oils, wood, honey, okra, eggplant, carrot, cucumber, pine nuts, pepper, and timber, have different impacts in terms of satisfaction with basic and advanced facilities, knowledge of land use changes, satisfaction with natural and artificial resources of land, and barriers to and economic benefits of land use. The limitations of this study included an absence of exogenous factors in the model such as climate change, financial conditions, market fluctuations, regulatory system, the area in which this study is selected, research design, and current condition of endogenous factors. Overall, this study defined a set of optimal agroforestry practices (expressed as crops and products) based on the farmers’ perception of land use changes in Khost Province, Afghanistan. This study provided useful insights for policymakers and development practitioners to promote agroforestry practice adoption and improve the socioeconomic development of agroforestry-dependent communities. Future works could explore the implications of agroforestry practices on the socioeconomic development of other dependent communities in Afghanistan.

An Evidence-Based Comprehensive Review of Laughter Therapy in Depression Management

Abstract: Depression is a widespread mental health challenge, necessitating diverse therapeutic approaches. Emerging research suggests that laughter may offer a valuable adjunctive intervention for individuals grappling with depressive symptoms. This review systematically investigates the multifaceted relationship between laughter and depression, elucidating the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic benefits. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Keywords used in the search included “laughter therapy,” “humor,” “depression,” “mental health,” and “psychological well-being.” The search was limited to articles published in English and included both peer-reviewed journal articles and relevant gray literature. Relevant data were extracted from each study, including the study design, sample size, participant characteristics, type of laughter intervention, duration and frequency of the intervention, outcome measures, and key findings. The extracted data were organized into tables to facilitate comparison across studies. By synthesizing findings from clinical studies, neuroscience research, and anecdotal evidence, this review examines the physiological, psychological, and social dimensions of laughter's impact on depression. Special attention is given to neurochemical pathways, stress modulation, cognitive restructuring, and social dynamics. The physiological effects of laughter on depression encompass neurochemical regulation (endorphins, serotonin, dopamine), stress reduction, and immune system modulation. Psychologically, laughter contributes to cognitive reframing, enhanced coping mechanisms, and mood regulation. Socially, it strengthens social bonds, mitigates social isolation, and fosters a positive social environment. In conclusion, this review synthesizes current knowledge on the healing potential of laughter in mitigating depression, providing a holistic understanding of its multifaceted impact. The findings underscore the importance of integrating laughter-based interventions into mental health care practices and highlight avenues for future research and clinical applications in the realm of depression treatment.

International comparison and assessment of the quality of drug clinical trial implementation in China based on scientific regulatory system

Objective: To analyze the international status and level of clinical trial quality in China, and explore the advantages and value of scientific regulation of clinical research quality in China. Methods: The data is sourced from the relevant reports publicly released by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), the inspection reports and announcements published by the Center for Food and Drug Inspection of the NMPA, the inspection data displayed on the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as well as clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines issued by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) of United States and the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) (data as of July 21, 2023). This data provides an analysis of the regulatory status of the implementation of clinical drug trials in China, inspection data, and the approval and market entry of new oncology drugs and feedback from their practical application. Results: The clinical trial quality inspection systems of China and the United States are generally aligned, with similar inspection subjects, focus areas, and public disclosure pathways. However, each has its characteristics in terms of inspection targets and types. The quality of clinical trial data in China has been continuously improving. Between 2009-2015 and 2016-July 2023, China underwent 25 and 20 FDA Bioresearch Monitoring (BIMO) inspections, respectively. The inspection results showing "No Action Indicated" (NAI) improved from 48.0% to 85.0%, while "Voluntary Action Indicated" (VAI) decreased from 44.0% to 15.0%. Official Action Indicated (OAI) measures were required in 2009 and 2012. Compared to the 2009-2015 period, there has been a clear upward trend in the quality of clinical trial data since 2016. From 2016 to July 2023, the number of new oncology drugs developed by Chinese pharmaceutical companies and included in professional guidelines has steadily increased. Specifically, 37 drugs (58.7%) were included in the 2022 edition of the CSCO guidelines, and 15 drugs (23.8%) were included in the 2023 edition of the NCCN guidelines, with 10 of these drugs featured in both guidelines. Conclusions: The implementation quality of clinical trials in China has gained a certain level of international recognition and competitiveness. This progress is attributed to national macro-level guidance, a unique institutional model, and clinical practices aligned with international standards. In the future, it will be necessary to further strengthen the scientific regulatory system and enhance clinical research capabilities to continue advancing the high-quality development of clinical trials.

Light-Activated Gene Expression System Using a Caging-Group-Free Photoactivatable Dye.

Optical regulation of transcription using chemical compounds is an effective strategy to manipulate gene expression spatiotemporally. Conventional caging approaches with photoremovable protecting groups may require intense UV-light exposure and release potentially toxic byproducts. To address these problems, here we developed a light-mediated transcriptional regulation system by combining a caging-group-free photoactivatable dye PaX560 and a multidrug-binding transcriptional regulator QacR. The cationic dye generated from PaX560 through traceless photoconversion bound QacR and reduced its repressor function, resulting in transcriptional activation. Importantly, this system allowed transcriptional activation with a large dynamic range under mild visible light exposure and simultaneous detection of the state of the photoactivated effector. This module was integrated into the T7 RNA polymerase expression system to demonstrate light-activated transcription in vitro and in living cells.

EF-hand calcium sensor, EfhP, controls transcriptional regulation of iron uptake by calcium in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) poses a major risk for a range of severe infections, particularly lung infections in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF). As previously reported, the virulent behavior of this pathogen is enhanced by elevated levels of Ca2+ that are commonly present in CF nasal and lung fluids. In addition, a Ca2+-binding EF-hand protein, EfhP (PA4107), was partially characterized and shown to be critical for the Ca2+-regulated virulence in P. aeruginosa. Here, we describe the rapid (10 min, 60 min), and adaptive (12 h) transcriptional responses of PAO1 to elevated Ca2+ detected by genome-wide RNA sequencing and show that efhP deletion significantly hindered both rapid and adaptive Ca2+ regulation. The most differentially regulated genes included multiple Fe sequestering mechanisms, a large number of extracytoplasmic function sigma factors (ECFσ), and several virulence factors, such as the production of pyocins. The Ca2+ regulation of Fe uptake was also observed in CF clinical isolates and appeared to involve the global regulator Fur. In addition, we showed that the efhP transcription is controlled by Ca2+ and Fe, and this regulation required a Ca2+-dependent two-component regulatory system CarSR. Furthermore, the efhP expression is significantly increased in CF clinical isolates and upon pathogen internalization into epithelial cells. Overall, the results established for the first time that Ca2+ controls Fe sequestering mechanisms in P. aeruginosa and that EfhP plays a key role in the regulatory interconnectedness between Ca2+ and Fe signaling pathways, the two distinct and important signaling pathways that guide the pathogen's adaptation to the host.IMPORTANCEPseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) poses a major risk for severe infections, particularly in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF). For the first time, kinetic RNA sequencing analysis identified Pa rapid and adaptive transcriptional responses to Ca2+ levels consistent with those present in CF respiratory fluids. The most highly upregulated processes include iron sequestering, iron starvation sigma factors, and self-lysis factors pyocins. An EF-hand Ca2+ sensor, EfhP, is required for at least 1/3 of the Ca2+ response, including the majority of the iron uptake mechanisms and the production of pyocins. Transcription of efhP itself is regulated by Ca2+ and Fe, and increases during interactions with host epithelial cells, suggesting the protein's important role in Pa infections. The findings establish the regulatory interconnectedness between Ca2+ and iron signaling pathways that shape Pa transcriptional responses. Therefore, understanding Pa's transcriptional response to Ca2+ and associated regulatory mechanisms will serve in the development of future therapeutics targeting Pa's dangerous infections.

Metabolic Syndrome in Reproductive Age Women of Various Ethnic Groups. Neuroendocrine Status and Lipid Peroxidation System.

We analyzed the state of neuroendocrine regulation and LPO-antioxidant defense systems in reproductive age women with metabolic syndrome (MetS), representatives of the Russian and Buryat ethnic groups. Compared to the corresponding control groups, women from the Russian ethnic group with MetS had elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone and free androgen index (FAI) and reduced levels of sex hormone-binding globulin, while women from the Buryat ethnic group had increased levels of prolactin and FAI. Changes in the LPO system in women of the Russian ethnic group with MetS consisted in an increase in the levels of substrates with double bonds, TBA-reactive substances, and fat-soluble vitamins. Buryat women with MetS had a higher content of primary oxidation products and reduced levels of glutathione. The results of the study indicate a hyperandrogenic shift in the neuroendocrine regulation system, as well as compensatory influences from different parts of the antioxidant defense system in women of reproductive age with MetS, depending on their ethnicity. These findings indicate the need for assessing and monitoring the levels of these metabolites in women with MetS, considering their ethnicity.

Pathomorphological Features of Lung Fibrosis in Individuals Occupationally Exposed to Alpha Radiation

The aim of this study was to search for the specific morphological features of radiation-induced lung fibrosis compared to pulmonary fibrosis of another origin, using biological specimens of lung tissue collected from workers internally exposed to alpha radiation. The morphological features of lung fibrosis were defined using biological specimens of lung tissue that had been collected during autopsy examinations from 56 workers diagnosed with plutonium-induced lung fibrosis during life, from 34 workers with lung fibrosis of another origin (due to chronic inflammatory lung diseases) and from 35 workers without clinical pulmonary pathology (controls). The total lung-absorbed dose of gamma radiation from external exposure did not significantly differ among the studied groups, and the total lung-absorbed dose of alpha radiation from internal exposure was significantly higher in workers with plutonium-induced lung fibrosis. To investigate the extracellular matrix components, mono- and polyclonal labeled antibodies against type I, IV, and V collagens were used. In addition, to evaluate the system of extracellular matrix metabolism regulation, the antibodies against matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were used. The study revealed qualitative and quantitative morphological peculiarities of plutonium-induced lung fibrosis compared to lung fibrosis of another origin. This allows us to conclude that plutonium-induced lung fibrosis is a specific type of lung fibrosis, which is characterized with specific location and architectonics of fibrosis foci within the lung, and with changes in levels of collagen, elastic and reticular fibers in the pulmonary stroma. The analysis demonstrated that hyperproduction of type V collagen plays a key role in the development of plutonium-induced lung fibrosis. In addition, the imbalance between the expression of MMPs and their inhibitors plays an important role in the development of lung fibrosis.