Regional Spheres Research Articles

The Rule of Law and Corporate Actors: Measuring Influence

AbstractThis article proposes an approach for conceptualizing and assessing the extent to which corporate actors impact the rule of law environment in different societies. To achieve this, the methodology for the Corporate Actors and the Rule of Law Index is developed based on a reimagined methodology derived from the Rule of Law Index by the World Justice Project, originally conceived in a state-centric manner. The methodology proposed in this article includes the following factors: preventing corporate capture and corporate contribution to structural inequality, corporate integrity and transparency, meaningful stakeholder engagement; order and security; impact on the regulatory sphere; corporate accountability for human rights abuses; access to grievance mechanisms. Measuring the influence of corporate actors on the rule of law and indicating the dynamic of this influence significantly contributes to the overall understanding of the rule of law environment. The absence of such measurement distorts the comprehension of the balance of power in a society, impedes the development of legal regulation, obstructs the identification of problematic issues in ensuring the rule of law, and hinders efforts to address them.

Регуляция нейрокогнитивных функций у подростков с печеночной энцефалопатией

<p><strong>The relevance</strong> of the study is due to the need to study the regulatory functions of adolescents with portal hypertension, which is accompanied by the development of a generalized intoxication effect on the nervous system affecting the cortical structures of the prefrontal parts of the brain. <strong>Objective: </strong>to study the specifics of prognostic regulation in adolescents with hepatic encephalopathy with portal hypertension. <strong>Materials and methods:</strong> the total sample size is 60 adolescents. The experimental group (EG) included adolescents in the number of 30 people (14 men; 16 women) with a diagnosis established by a gastroenterologist K76.6 "Portal hypertension" according to ICD-10. The control group (KG) included 30 respondents (14 men; 16 women) with a normative somatic status. The experimental and control groups were equalized by gender, age and social status. The empirical study included motivation, instruction, and psychological examination with the use of neurocognitive and test methods for assessing regulation: The Line Tracing Test, Digit-symbol Test, Number Connection Test A/B, methodology «Style of self–regulation of behavior - SSP-98» by V.I. Morosanova. <strong>Results.</strong> Low values of the general level of voluntary self-regulation of behavior of adolescents with hepatic encephalopathy are due to a decrease in the severity of regulatory processes of flexibility and independence. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the reduction of planning processes, flexibility and independence, providing a low overall level of arbitrary self-regulation, provide a significant decrease in neurocognitive indicators of prognostic regulation. <strong>Conclusions.</strong> The revealed qualitative and quantitative features of the regulatory sphere can be considered as one of the predictors in the genesis of hepatic encephalopathy, which make it possible to carry out prognostic diagnosis of the symptoms of the disease in adolescents at the earliest stages of its development, as well as to carry out differential diagnosis of the disease.</p>

Legal regulation of tourism services in the framework of the general agreement on trade in services

The research paper analyses the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) as one of the contractual sources of international law. Emphasizing the main aspects of the GATS, the author describes tourism services as one of its regulatory spheres. Moreover, in the research paper, it has been learned about the practices of foreign developing countries in the process of joining the WTO, as well as critical issues related to it. It is known that the membership of the Republic of Uzbekistan in this organization will create the responsibility for a comprehensive analysis of the issues of its participation in the future, which will play an important role in the further integration of the country into the world community. In this regard, the research aims to identify and underline topical issues for Uzbekistan concerning the regulation of tourism services within the WTO as well as law enforcement practices that Uzbekistan should consider during the process of accessing this international organization. Therefore, the research paper emphasizes the experience of the WTO member countries, the regulation of tourism services, and the analysis of its specific aspects.

NAVIGATING LEGAL FRONTIERS: ADDRESSING CHALLENGES IN REGULATING THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

Background: The integration of digital technologies into various facets of society has given rise to the digital economy, transforming the economic landscape. Western Balkan nations face challenges from this digital transformation, necessitating effective regulatory frameworks. Recognising and addressing regulatory gaps is crucial for fostering a secure and innovative digital environment. This study examines regulatory challenges in the Western Balkans' digital economy, focusing on public-private partnerships (PPPs) in cybersecurity. The research question revolves around identifying gaps in legal frameworks, understanding PPP dynamics in countering cyber threats, and assessing the potential impact of the EU's Digital Market Act and Digital Services Act on the Western Balkan regulatory sphere. Methods: The research employs a qualitative approach, analysing the legal and policy frameworks of six Western Balkan countries. Data is gathered through an in-depth examination of cybersecurity laws, strategies, and action plans, with a specific emphasis on provisions related to PPPs. Comparative analysis is utilised to discern patterns and variations across the countries while also considering the potential impact of the Digital Market Act and Digital Services Act. Results and conclusions: The analysis reveals a common challenge – the lack of specific regulations for the digital economy, creating a legal vacuum. Varying PPP integration levels exist across the Western Balkans. Significant findings include ethical considerations, challenges related to data privacy, and the need for robust competition regulations. Examination of the Digital Market Act and Digital Services Act highlights potential harmonisation opportunities and challenges. In conclusion, the research underscores the urgency for comprehensive regulatory reforms in the Western Balkans to address the challenges of the digital economy. The study advocates for developing specific laws governing digital platforms, strengthening PPPs to enhance cybersecurity, and incorporating ethical considerations in legal frameworks. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders, emphasising the necessity of adaptive and forward-looking regulatory approaches in the ever-evolving digital landscape, considering the potential impact of EU initiatives such as the Digital Market Act and Digital Services Act.

Bioethics-CSR Divide

Bioethics-CSR Divide

The Artificial Intelligence in the System of Tools for Stabilizing the Political Regimes of World Powers

A stable idea in the doctrine of the typologies of a political regime indicates that their uniqueness is characterized by a set of appropriate methods and means of exercising political power, a system of social organization of interaction between power and society and other institutions of the state. The model of the political regime formed in the state is consistent, first of all, with political processes, including those occurring with the participation of citizens, social groups and society as a whole. The National Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in Russia, approved in 2019, among the principles for the development of these technologies, enshrined the priority of protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens, as well as security. Management decisions made by artificial intelligence have expanded the possible areas of their use, including public administration. This study examines the degree of introduction of artificial intelligence technology, which has been developing in recent years, into political regimes in various states. An assessment is made of the work of artificial intelligence, which is forming a new “cyber-physical” society, in which the political needs and freedoms of citizens are realized with the support of digital technologies. Approaches are proposed for assessing the work of artificial intelligence, which contributes to the international and regional integration of countries with different political systems, as well as influencing changes in the qualitative characteristics of political processes as a whole or its individual elements. The study was based on an integrated approach to assessing artificial intelligence used in the regulatory sphere. Dogmatic approaches to factors influencing the formation of a political system in the context of technological progress are being rethought.

Energy poverty in the Energy Community region: Interrogating policy formulation and coverage.

The capacity of the state to develop and implement policy at the complex nexus of energy infrastructure, social inequality and housing is indicative of the political priorities of governing structures and, by extension, the nature of statecraft more generally. We compare and contrast the energy poverty amelioration policies of two former Yugoslav and two post-Soviet states located outside the European Union, but seeking to join its regulatory sphere - Serbia, Montenegro, Ukraine and Georgia - against the background of deep and persistent patterns of domestic energy hardship. We are particularly interested in uncovering the time horizons, socio-technical systems and target constituencies of different policy measures, as well as energy sector-specific responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that most states in the region have done little to address some of the more substantive challenges around improving housing quality, energy efficiency and gender inequality. However, energy poverty is present in the policy lexicon of all case study countries, and Ukraine, in particular, has advanced a number of more sophisticated approaches and programmes.

Recombinant Probiotic Preparations: Current State, Development and Application Prospects

The article is devoted to the latest achievements in the field of research, development, and implementation of various types of medicinal products based on recombinant probiotics. The benefits of probiotics, their modern use in medicine along with the most frequently used genera and species of probiotic microorganisms were highlighted. The medicinal and therapeutic activities of the studied probiotics were indicated. The review suggests various methods of creating recombinant probiotic microorganisms, including standard genetic engineering methods, as well as systems biology approaches and new methods of using the CRISPR-Cas system. The range of potential therapeutic applications of drugs based on recombinant probiotics was proposed. Special attention was paid to modern research on the creation of new, more effective recombinant probiotics that can be used for various therapeutic purposes. Considering the vast diversity of therapeutic applications of recombinant probiotics and ambiguous functions, their use for the potential treatment of various common human diseases (non-infectious and infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, metabolic disorders, and allergic conditions) was investigated. The prospects for creating different types of vaccines based on recombinant probiotics together with the prospects for their implementation into medicine were considered. The possibilities of using recombinant probiotics in veterinary medicine, particularly for the prevention of domestic animal diseases, were reviewed. The prospects for the implementation of recombinant probiotics as vaccines and diagnostic tools for testing certain diseases as well as modeling the work of the human digestive system were highlighted. The risks of creation, application, including the issues related to the regulatory sphere regarding the use of new recombinant microorganisms, which can potentially enter the environment and cause unforeseen circumstances, were outlined.

Friend Zone Forever? The Essence of and Justifications for the EU's Decision‐Making Autonomy

AbstractThe expansion of the European Union's (EU) regulatory sphere creates conflicts of sovereignty between the EU and its member states, and third countries that lack a possibility to participate in the making of those laws and policies. The conflict is epitomised in the concept of the Union's decision‐making autonomy. Albeit stringently applied, the concept is ambiguous and undefined. This article endeavours to unfold its meaning, use and significance and examine whether its rigid nature is justified in light of the Union's aims to expand its regulatory sphere. The article argues that the ultimate rationale of decision‐making autonomy is to ensure the effectiveness of the EU legal order and to compensate for the member states' loss of sovereignty, investment and risk‐taking. Insofar as non‐member states do not demonstrate similar commitment to the EU, exclusion from decision‐making is justified to retain the privilege and attractiveness of membership.

O‘SIMLIK DUNYOSIGA OID QONUNCHILIKNI BUZGANLIK UCHUN JINOIY JAVOBGARLIK: MILLIY VA XORIJIY TAJRIBA

The article describes the issues of flora protection and criminal liability for the damage caused. In addition, ideas about the environmental and legal statuses of the protection and use of the flora as one of the natural resources are presented, an analysis of legal acts providing for criminal liability, environmental crime, violation of the legislation on the flora, their regulatory sphere, scientific and theoretical conclusions, analytical data. Opinions were also expressed on the legal status of flora and forests as objects of crime. At the same time, opinions were expressed on the improvement of the current legislation, the development of the industry, new mechanisms, scientific and theoretical views. The protection of the flora of foreign countries, the reflection and application of criminal liability for offenses, as well as their features are described. In conclusion, emphasis is placed on the application of the positive experience of foreign countries in improving the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Monitoring Female Fertility Through 'Femtech': The Need for a Whole-System Approach to Regulation.

Concurrent with the rise of digital health and personal health tracking technologies, a market has also emerged of products targeted specifically at women: ‘femtech’. This article is motivated by the concern that insufficient regulatory attention has been devoted to this growing market, and that extant ambiguity in the regulation of femtech leaves its users at risk of relying on technologies of as-yet unproven worth. It is posited that femtech profoundly disrupts well-established regulatory mechanisms of protection in ways that mean that these silos of protection will not be adequate. This is because regulation, as it is currently constructed, is insufficiently sensitive to feminist perspectives regarding what these technologies mean for women. As a result, the regulatory sphere in which femtech operates fundamentally fails to ensure that the health and safety of femtech users are protected as this market continues to expand. To counteract this, the argument is made that an appropriate regulatory response to femtech must respond to the distinctive unmet need in the regulation of this technological realm and the acute risk that femtech poses. This must include a multidimensional whole-system approach grounded in feminist perspectives on health, fertility, and technology.

Правові засади управління процесами надання медичних послуг із допоміжних репродуктивних технологій в Україні

Проаналізовано чинні нормативно-правові акти, які становлять законодавче підґрунтя надання медичних послуг із допоміжних репродуктивних технологій в Україні різної юридичної сили, виявлено прогалини регламентації, перспективні напрями для розвитку галузі. Визначено та досліджено міжнародний, національний і відомчий рівні регулювання надання медичних послуг у цій сфері. Встановлено, що державна політика у сфері охорони репродуктивного здоров’я населення виходить за межі компетенції винятково сфери охорони здоров’я і набуває ознак першочергових завдань національної політики. Завдяки аналізу п’яти законопроектів, які мають регулювати надання медичних послуг у цій сфері, визначено основні тенденції розвитку державної політики, такі як лібералізація законодавства, розширення спектру послуг, розширення джерел фінансування тощо.

Activation of the Emotional-Value and Regulatory Spheres of Personality in Conditions of a Systemic Life Crisis

Activation of the Emotional-Value and Regulatory Spheres of Personality in Conditions of a Systemic Life Crisis

Barriers and Drivers for Circular Economy 2.0 on the Firm Level: Russian Case

Historically, the development of the circular economy (CE) proceeds from the CE 1.0 stage, characterized by attention to waste management and recycling, to the CE 2.0 stage with an emphasis on resource efficiency and eco-efficiency, to the current CE 3.0 stage, in which the key factor to a company’s success is the business model. However, not all countries of the world simultaneously began transforming the national economy from a linear model to a circular one; many are still at the CE 1.0 and CE 2.0 stages, and do not have a developed system of institutions supporting the circular economy. In Russia, the concept of a circular economy has not yet received recognition in society and government; the stage of its development can be defined as CE 2.0. This study compares the barriers and drivers of CE development in the EU countries, a group of countries with a well-developed institutional support system, and in Russia, a country that does not have such a system. The study reveals that the most significant difference between countries with mature systems of institutional support and Russia lies in the regulatory sphere and in information and awareness about new available technologies and ways to increase resource efficiency, commercial attractiveness, and organizational feasibility. Changes in the first sphere are impossible without the participation of the national authorities; however, changes in the information sphere are feasible even without the government’s support. The actors in such changes can be international companies with access to resource-efficient new technologies and processes for organizing business.

Моделирование ситуаций профессиональной деятельности в процессе подготовки специалистов сферы компьютерного спорта

The author shows the relevance of training computer sports specialists, which is due to the shortage of such professionals with specialized education in the labor market. The article reveals the specifics of eSports, presents the existing experience in training such specialists. The review of the regulatory and legal sphere of this kind of sport is carried out. The theoretical aspects of the formation of the competence of a computer sports specialist are considered, approaches to the definition of the content and technologies of the process of training these specialists are substantiated.
 The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the author has developed the structure and content of the competencies of computer sports athletes in the following areas: “Sports discipline of computer sports”, “Preserving the physical and psychological health of an athlete”, “Maintaining the image of computer sports”.
 The main professional functions that future specialists in computer sports should master, the training of which is carried out in universities within the framework of bachelor's programs in the direction of training 49.03.04 Sports, have been substantiated.

Competition and partnership in public and private sector strategies

The existence of the public and private sectors in the modern economy is justified from the point of view of economic policy, especially with regard to its stabilising function (regulatory sphere) and allocative and redistributive function (real sphere).

The Systemic Approach for Estimating and Strategizing Energy Security: The Case of Ukraine

The current approaches to estimating the level of energy security are based on applying a comprehensive approach to selecting the factors that affect energy security and the dynamics of processes in this domain. This article reveals the application of the model of energy security estimation and strategizing based on the systemic description of energy security as an object of management: the integral system, elements and connections, functions, processes, and the system’s material. At the same time, this model is able to take into account the dynamics of technological, political, economic, and other factors operating in the country and on the global arena. The energy security estimation model developed uses a modern methodology of integrated estimation: a multiplicative form of the integrated index, a formalized definition of the safe existence limits in order to provide scientific substantiation of the threshold vector, a modified rationing method, the principal components method, and the sliding matrix method to substantiate dynamic weighting coefficients. The paper demonstrates the systemic approach application to shaping strategic goals in the energy security domain in the context of sustainable development; the trajectory of energy security development is calculated by the method of strategizing that applies the principle “future is determined by the trajectory to the future” instead of the classical forecasting “past determines the future”. In general, the article shows the possibility of unifying the process of formalizing energy security (according to the needs of the researcher: country, industry, energy network, supply chain) as an object of management, estimating energy security status, and strategizing the regulatory sphere transformation in accordance with the target values for monitoring the effectiveness of management.

БЕЗПЕКОВИЙ ПІДХІД У ПРАВОВОМУ РЕГУЛЮВАННІ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ВІДНОСИН

Due to the process of informatization, systemic changes are taking place, according to which all spheres of activity of state institutions, all segments of society, and each individual are included in the global information space. This determines the need to ensure the reliability and security of information relations, which is achieved in particular through the mechanism of effective and strategic legal regulation. Information security in the conceptual and key legal documents of many states is seen as an important component of national security. New challenges to security and human rights in the field of information relations generate pressing issues that need further scientific study and solution. The article contains a compilation of views available in modern science on the understanding of basic concepts: "information", "information relations", "information security", as well as basic approaches to formulating the definition of information security. Due to the combination of general scientific and special methods of cognition, in particular dialectical, formal-legal, comparative analysis and synthesis, the publication substantiates the importance and specificity of the "security" approach in regulating information relations to achieve information security in the country. This approach is that, providing a legal assessment and, including certain public relations related to the circulation of information in the regulatory sphere, the legislator and other subjects of rule-making together with relevant professionals should pre-conduct a "safe" examination to identify and predicting all possible threats to the information security that may arise or already de facto exist in practice. The results of such expert research should be taken into account when choosing methods and forms of legal regulation of existing and new information relations. Information sphere and its separate elements make it possible to indirect influence on social, economic, political, spiritual and other spheres of life of human society. Therefore, the fact that does not require additional proof is that information security is a guarantee of providing other components of state security and national security as a whole.

Academic self-regulation and features of the relationship between students ‘motivational and regulatory sphere

Academic self-regulation and features of the relationship between students ‘motivational and regulatory sphere

НЕКОТОРЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ПО СИСТЕМАТИЧЕСКОМУ НАБЛЮДЕНИЮ ОБЪЕКТОВ АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ АЛТАЙСКОГО КРАЯ В 2020 ГОДУ

The article is dedicated to the results of the work of the Archaeology Sector of the Department of State Supervision of the Office of State Protection of the Cultural Heritage of the Altai Territory which was founded in 2019. The most important areas of activity of the staff of the Archaeology Sector are the systematic observation of archaeological heritage, the identification of damage as a result of illegal and unauthorized archaeological work, as well as the implementation of measures for the preservation and protection of archaeological sites. The article highlights the work in the regulatory and practical sphere of the protection of the objects of cultural heritage in 2020 at various archaeological sites: barrows, archaeological sites, ancient settlements. During these events, archaeological structures were recorded: dwellings, ditches and ramparts. The results of work on the archaeological sites in the Talmensky, Topchikhinsky, Burlinsky and Slavgorodsky districts of Altai Territory are reflected. These observations complement the available scientific evidence for a number of archaeological sites. Keywords: sectors of archaeology, objects of cultural heritage, settlement, moat, rampart, dwelling, burial mound, cultural layer, ceramic vessel, archaeological items