Regulatory Provisions Research Articles

Programmed microalgae-gel promotes chronic wound healing in diabetes

Chronic diabetic wounds are at lifelong risk of developing diabetic foot ulcers owing to severe hypoxia, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), a complex inflammatory microenvironment, and the potential for bacterial infection. Here we develop a programmed treatment strategy employing live Haematococcus (HEA). By modulating light intensity, HEA can be programmed to perform a variety of functions, such as antibacterial activity, oxygen supply, ROS scavenging, and immune regulation, suggesting its potential for use in programmed therapy. Under high light intensity (658 nm, 0.5 W/cm2), green HEA (GHEA) with efficient photothermal conversion mediate wound surface disinfection. By decreasing the light intensity (658 nm, 0.1 W/cm2), the photosynthetic system of GHEA can continuously produce oxygen, effectively resolving the problems of hypoxia and promoting vascular regeneration. Continuous light irradiation induces astaxanthin (AST) accumulation in HEA cells, resulting in a gradual transformation from a green to red hue (RHEA). RHEA effectively scavenges excess ROS, enhances the expression of intracellular antioxidant enzymes, and directs polarization to M2 macrophages by secreting AST vesicles via exosomes. The living HEA hydrogel can sterilize and enhance cell proliferation and migration and promote neoangiogenesis, which could improve infected diabetic wound healing in female mice.

Temporal regulation of renewable supply for electrolytic hydrogen

Electrolytic hydrogen produced using renewable electricity can help lower carbon dioxide emissions in sectors where feedstocks, reducing agents, dense fuels or high temperatures are required. This study investigates the implications of various standards being proposed to certify that the grid electricity used is renewable. The standards vary in how strictly they match the renewable generation to the electrolyser demand in time and space. Using an energy system model, we compare electricity procurement strategies to meet a constant hydrogen demand for selected European countries in 2025 and 2030. We compare cases where no additional renewable generators are procured with cases where the electrolyser demand is matched to additional supply from local renewable generators on an annual, monthly or hourly basis. We show that local additionality is required to guarantee low emissions. For the annually and monthly matched case, we demonstrate that baseload operation of the electrolysis leads to using fossil-fuelled generation from the grid for some hours, resulting in higher emissions than the case without hydrogen demand. In the hourly matched case, hydrogen production does not increase system-level emissions, but baseload operation results in high costs for providing constant supply if only wind, solar and short-term battery storage are available. Flexible operation or buffering hydrogen with storage, either in steel tanks or underground caverns, reduces the cost penalty of hourly versus annual matching to 7%–8%. Hydrogen production with monthly matching can reduce system emissions if the electrolysers operate flexibly or the renewable generation share is large. The largest emission reduction is achieved with hourly matching when surplus electricity generation can be sold to the grid. We conclude that flexible operation of the electrolysis should be supported to guarantee low emissions and low hydrogen production costs.

Contribution of Ethnomedical Use Data to the Marketing Authorization of Traditional Herbal Medicines in Mali.

To improve the supply of health care and health care products, traditional herbal medicines that are safe, effective, and of good quality need marketing authorizations. This study aims to determine the contribution of ethnomedical evidence to the marketing of traditional herbal medicines in Mali. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from December 2023 to March 2024 supplemented by a literature review of the legislative and regulatory provisions relating to traditional medicine and the requirements for marketing authorization of traditional herbal medicines in Mali and the West African sub-region. The regulatory framework for marketing authorization is governed by decree no. 04-557/P-RM of 01 December 2004 and interministerial order no. 05-2203/MS-MEP-SG of 20 September 2005 in Mali. These texts set out the specific requirements for the marketing authorization of traditional plant-based medicines, depending on the category. They consider ethnomedical evidence drawn from long experience of traditional use as proof of efficacy and tolerance for category 2 traditional medicines. As a result, marketing authorizations were issued for 15 products derived from traditional medicine and pharmacopeia, 5 of which are included in the National List of Essential Medicines and the National Therapeutic Formulary of Mali. The use of ethnomedical evidence provides a good opportunity to obtain marketing authorization for phytomedicines derived from traditional medicine without having to go through long and costly non-clinical and clinical studies.

Land Lost Due The Widening Of Bekasi River Borders From The Regional Regulations Of Bekasi District Year 2011-2031

The land that the villagers lived on was simply lost due to the loss of land due to natural events. The problems is Regional Regulation Number 12 of 2011 concerning the Regional Spatial Plan of Bekasi Regency for 2011-2031, the efforts of the Regional Government to restore land rights lost due to the widening of the Bekasi river border. This research uses descriptive normative legal research methods, uses secondary data supported by primary data, and is studied qualitatively. The discussion that the status of land lost due to the widening of the Bekasi river border has been lost, the cause of which is the result of a natural phenomenon that makes the soil erode on the river border land. Local authorities can conduct additional research and address this issue in accordance with relevant laws. The study findings show that there are no regulatory provisions governing the status of lost land on riverbanks in Perda No. 12/2011 on the Bekasi District Spatial Plan 2011-2031. This means that efforts to recover lost land on riverbanks must be carried out in accordance with other regulations. The local government can help by developing policies to check and stop this problem from occurring further losses.

Historical retrospects of ensuring financial and tax security of the state (domestic and foreign experience)

The paper states that there is no codified legislation in our country that would regulate legal relations in the field of financial security of the state. Existing regulations regulate only certain aspects of providing a safe space. The modern conversion of current legislation in the security sphere, which remains imperfect to this day, is analyzed. Its future depends on how legally, professionally and effectively the legal mechanisms for ensuring the financial security of the state will be formed. Financial security is a criterion for the effective functioning of the state. Without proper provision of financial security, in practice, it is impossible to solve any of the tasks facing the state. It is always necessary to pay attention to the financial security of the state, but especially in times of economic restructuring, the transition to a new economic and financial development strategy, when it is necessary to form and use huge amounts of financial resources. Note that the disconnection between transnational capital and the national community, the state with its territory and population, destroys the social obligations of capital. Even in the most economically developed states of the world, this trend is developing, but the power of Western economies and the preservation of certain value-ideological foundations allow for the time being to maintain and strive to maintain social harmony within the framework of their national communities. Having analyzed the genesis of regulatory and legal provision of financial security, it was concluded that in the given conditions for the development of science it is necessary to apply a synthesis of definitions of "financial security of the state", a systematic approach to understanding the essence of such a difficult structured phenomenon as security in its various manifestations: financial, economic, national , to transfer creative scientific potential to the legal field with the aim of forming a balanced systemic legal basis, which will provide an opportunity to form an effective mechanism for ensuring the financial security of the state. The task of security during data transmission through local, distributed or global networks against accidental or intentional change, destruction, disclosure, as well as unauthorized use is solved separately. The existence of financial security of the state is the activity of the state as a whole and its parts, it should be aimed at comprehensive development of the financial sphere.

Implementation of Off-Campus Youth Sports Training Under the Background of “Double Reduction” Policy

In 2021, the Chinese Ministry of Education introduced the "Double Reduction" policy to ease students' academic pressure while promoting increased engagement in sports activities. This policy has opened up fresh prospects for the non-disciplinary training sector, particularly in sports training. This study examines the extent of implementation of off-campus youth sports training in Chengdu following the enactment of the "Double Reduction" policy. It delves into the challenges and obstacles faced in executing such training programs. The study utilized quantitative and qualitative methods, involving 72 coaches and 36 club owners from 36 clubs across 12 districts in Chengdu. It analyzed factors like sex and education to assess the correlation between sports training implementation and the "Double Reduction" policy. It also conducted interviews to investigate challenges in off-campus youth sports training in Chengdu. Consensus exists among coaches and club owners regarding implementing off-campus youth sports training in Chengdu, with no significant differences observed in various aspects. However, significant differences were noted in perceptions of Chengdu's "Double Reduction" policy implementation, particularly concerning regulatory processes, service provision, and industry development. The study underscores governmental ambiguity and industry disarray in management, emphasizing the need to address homogenized training, limited service variety, and inadequate systems. Solutions involve implementing robust frameworks, enhancing owner competencies, addressing staff shortages, improving service quality, and diversifying marketing approaches to bolster resilience against risks.

FLAGELLATION IMPOSED AS A SANCTION BASED ON THE ASPECT OF CHILD PROTECTION

Aceh came up with a sharia-based compilation of penal law, Qanun Number 6 of 2014 concerning Jinayat Law. QanunJinayat governs the provisions regarding a child involved in jarimah, where several principles set forth in the regulatory provisions differ from those in the national judicial system of juvenile crime. This study discusses the differences in the handling of the violation of Qanun Jinayat by children on which flagellation is imposed in terms of the aspect of child protection. This study was conducted based on socio-legal and socio-juridical approaches. The research result shows that flagellation imposed on a child contravenes the child protection principle in the national judicial system of juvenile crime. The flagellation regulated in Qanun Jinayat is based on the consideration suggesting that flagellation is the essence of punishment in Islamic law. Qanun Jinayat should be evaluated by referring to the principle of child protection in the national judicial system to reach the objectives of legal protection in children especially those facing legal disputes.

Использование военно-морских сил для противодействия пиратству на море: преследование по горячим следам

The article analyzes modern maritime piracy, which poses a serious threat to maritime security and violates the universally recognized principle of freedom of the seas. According to the author, hot pursuit plays an important role in collecting evidence of committed maritime piracy. In conclusion, it is concluded that it is necessary to improve the regulatory and legal provisions on hot pursuit and the system of training military forces and means in general.

The right to information in the context of digitalization

Using a complex system analysis, the authors investigate the right to information in the context of digitalization. The object of the study is social relations concerning the search, acquisition, transfer, production and distribution of digital information in the conditions of digitalization of the economy. The study’s subject includes Ukraine’s legal norms, regulatory provisions of international treaties and legal acts of the European Union, and theoretical scientific works on legal regulation of digital information. The research uses a dialectical, interpretive, historical-legal, formal-legal, comparative-legal, and systemic- structural method. It is indicated that the right to access information includes and ensures the realization of a set of rights that allow searching, receiving, transferring, producing and distributing digital information in information systems through existing rules and requirements of current legislation. The expansion of production, use, processing, storage, retrieval and transmission in digital form has influenced the further development of the right to information. In the case of digitalization, the right to information acquires a private-public expression, which is connected with the satisfaction of individual needs and the realization of national interests. Public interests are protected by the mechanisms of information bans and restrictions depending on the content of the information. It is noted that the digital form of information directly affects the change in the essence of individual legal relations and institutions in information law and other branches of law. Digitalization is not a systemic, sequential or structurally homogeneous phenomenon but provides significant sectoral coverage. The possibilities of free search, acquisition, transmission, production and distribution of information determined not only the emergence of remote communication but also the development of the informational component of the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen for their implementation in a virtual environment, which made it possible to virtualize social processes. Further study of the right to information in the conditions of digitalization is connected with the study of the influence of the Internet on access to information.

Occupational health nursing: Realities and challenges.

Designing and enhancing resilient occupational health and safety systems is a challenge. This fact makes it clear that occupational health professionals must be able to develop their full range of competencies. From this premise, it is appropriate to define and deepen the strengths and weaknesses of occupational health nursing (OHN), as well as to point out the opportunities and realities that address its performance. In the history of the professionalization of this speciality, different circumstances have conditioned its projection: the absence of its own body of doctrine, the lack of professional recognition, limited autonomy, and the definition of a clear regulatory framework. In addition to an epistemological limitation and the absence of clear leadership. In the consolidation of this speciality, there is a limited capacity to implement its own competencies, the invisibility of nursing care, the absence of leadership that incorporates research findings and difficulties in the application of scientific evidence, in addition to the influence of regulatory provisions and the idiosyncrasies of the company. The analysis of classical models with a transformative approach invites a more fluid and coordinated communication between occupational health, occupational risk prevention, primary care and public health, a proposal that induces collaboration and a more holistic approach to care for workers.

Proficiency of independent directors: an Indian corporate governance perspective

PurposeIndependent directors (IDs) in India are required to qualify for the online proficiency self-assessment test to acquire or retain their position on the corporate boards. The purpose of this paper was to examine the perceived positive and negative aspects of the new mandate for the overall quality of corporate boards in India.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a qualitative methodology and applied the interpretative phenomenological analysis approach. Data was collected from board members using semi-structured interviews.FindingsThis study revealed the positive and negative perceived aspects of the mandatory policy prescription of proficiency test for IDs. It was found that the participants emphasized training and mentoring programs for the IDs.Practical implicationsDrawing upon the actual board experiences of the participants, this study has the potential to assist policymakers in making regulations that are more effective in enhancing the quality of corporate boards. The example of action taken as well as the criticism or positive aspects pointed out can generate interest in other legislators.Originality/valueThe concept of proficiency test for IDs is unique to India. A review of literature did not reveal the existence of any regulatory provisions for a mandatory uniform test for examining the proficiency of IDs, in any corporate law jurisdiction apart from India.

Transcriptome Analysis of Brain and Skin Reveals Immune Responses to Acute Hypoxia and Reoxygenation in Pseudobagrus ussuriensis.

Pseudobagrus ussuriensis is an unscaled fish that is more susceptible to skin damage than scaled fish. To investigate the impacts of hypoxia and reoxygenation on skin and brain immunity, juvenile P. ussuriensis were subjected to hypoxia conditions (DO: 0.8 ± 0.05 mg/L) for durations of 0, 3, 6, and 12 h, followed by 12 h of reoxygenation (DO > 6 mg/L). Histological analysis showed a significant increase in the number of skin mucosal cells after 12 h of hypoxia and a significant decrease after 12 h of reoxygenation when compared to the control group. As the duration of hypoxia increased, an increase in antioxidant (SOD, CAT, GSH, MDA) and immune (cortisol, LZM) physiological parameters of the skin and brain appeared. The results of transcriptomic studies showed that the number of differential genes was greater in skin than in brain. Most of the immune pathways in both tissues under hypoxia conditions were all nonspecific immunity (TNF, IL-17, chemokines), while both tissues maintained their homeostasis through active energy supply and cell cycle regulation. Meanwhile, both physiological parameters and RNA transcriptome results showed that 12 h of reoxygenation could not completely eliminate the negative effects of 12 h of hypoxia. This study offers new insights into the immune responses of P. ussuriensis skin and brain during acute hypoxia and reoxygenation.

Üzleti kilátások értékelése Ukrajna autóiparában: nemzeti és regionális vonatkozások

The study examines development trends and business perspectives in the automotive industry of Ukraine and particularly in Transcarpathia. The trends of the labor market in Ukraine have been identified, the state of migration processes, the level of unemployment in the regions of Ukraine have been assessed. The results of a comparative analysis of the level of the minimum wage in Ukraine in terms of regions, categories and positions are presented. The standard salary of back-office workers and management in the automotive sector was studied. The evolution of the regulatory and legal provision of state regulation of the development of the automobile industry in Ukraine is traced. Radical changes in the state policy of the development of the automotive industry of Ukraine were revealed: from constant support of car manufacturers and stimulation of car production to bureaucratic barriers, obstacles and existing risks and threats. It is stated that since 2014, Russia's armed aggression against Ukraine has led to a significant decline in the car industry. The effectiveness of the activities of the largest automotive industry companies in Zakarpattia Oblast was studied for the period 2018-2022. The financial indicators chosen for analysis were the capital-to-asset ratio, return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and net profit margin (NPM). A conclusion was made about the positive trend of increasing the volume of activity and improving the financial stability and profitability of companies over the past 5 years. From the point of view of investors, the most attractive is Eurocar, which demonstrates positive dynamics of the indicator and has the highest value of ROE among the selected companies at the end of 2022, namely 19.6%. Proximity to the border with the EU, cheap labor and sufficient raw materials make the western oblasts of Ukraine especially attractive for partnership with European auto giants. The need to create an automobile cluster in the region was emphasized.

Regulatory Implications for considering flexible resources in network expansion planning: main lessons from regional cases in the H2020 FlexPlan project.

The FlexPlan Horizon2020 project aimed at establishing a new grid planning methodology which considers the opportunity to introduce new storage and flexibility resources in electricity transmission and distribution grids as an alternative to building new grid elements, in accordance with the intentions of the European Commission regulatory package "Clean Energy for all Europeans". FlexPlan creates a new innovative grid planning tool which is intended to go beyond the state of the art of planning methodologies by including the following innovative features: assessment of best planning strategy by analysing in one shot a high number of candidate expansion options provided by a pre-processor tool, simultaneous mid- and long-term planning assessment over three grid years (2030-2040-2050), incorporation of full range of cost benefit analysis criteria into the target function, integrated transmission distribution planning, embedded environmental analysis (air quality, carbon footprint, landscape constraints), probabilistic contingency methodologies in replacement of the traditional N-1 criterion, application of numerical decomposition techniques to reduce calculation efforts and analysis of variability of yearly RES and load time series through a Monte Carlo process. Six regional cases covering nearly the whole European continent are developed in order to cast a view on grid planning in Europe till 2050. The final step in FlexPlan was formulating guidelines for regulators and planning offices of system operators, by indicating to what extent system flexibility can contribute to reduce overall system costs (operational and investment) yet maintaining current system security levels and which regulatory provisions could foster such process. This paper focuses on the regulatory issues, which were uncovered during the initiation phase and of the project and refined in throughout six regional cases. In order to substantiate this, the paper explains in brief the developed and applied FlexPlan methodology and its testing in six regional cases.

Studi Perbandingan Kewenangan Antara MK Indonesia Dengan MK Korea Selatan Terkait Dengan Impeachment Presiden

Impeachment is carried out by authorized institutions against the president for alleged violations. The purpose of this writing is to compare impeachment in Indonesia and South Korea. To find out whether the impeachment process in Indonesia is possible to implement. Looking at the reasons for the dismissal of the President, South Korea has differences with Indonesia regarding the constitution. The process of dismissing the President in Indonesia needs to be reorganized and revised again regarding the correct regulatory provisions and in accordance with the concept of a country that adheres to and upholds democratic legal principles

Legal and Regulatory Framework for the Protection of Scientific Data in Guinea

Faced with the growing importance of data security, this research aims to examine the Guinean legal and regulatory framework relating to the protection of scientific data. Through a systematic analysis of legal and regulatory provisions, enriched by interviews with key players in the academic and scientific community, the study evaluates the coherence and efficiency of legislation in Guinea with regard to international standards. Preliminary findings reveal the existence of notable progress but also significant deficits, particularly with regard to alignment with international data protection standards. On this basis, recommendations are put forward with the aim of improving the current legal and regulatory structure for optimal safeguarding of scientific data in the Republic of Guinea.

Risk assessment of ANAS tunnel stock in the north-east of Italy and the case study of the SHM of Comelico tunnel

The management of tunnel safety is a crucial element for the protection of road infrastructure, user safety, and the preservation of structural durability. In this context, the framework agreement between the National Autonomous Roads Corporation (ANAS) and BOLINA Engineering plays a significant role, focusing efforts on the road network in Northeast Italy and adopting advanced practices in compliance with current regulations to ensure the safety of numerous tunnels within the ANAS network. The recent Guidelines for Tunnels (Ministerial Decree number 247 of August 1, 2022: Approval of Guidelines for classification and risk management, safety assessment, and monitoring of existing tunnels along state roads or highways managed by Anas S.p.A. or highway concessionaires) constitute a robust regulatory framework for tunnel safety management, proposing a tailored, layered approach based on the criticality of individual structures. In this context, BOLINA Engineering, as a strategic partner of ANAS, actively engages in engineering activities aimed at assessing tunnel safety.Within the scope of the received mandate, BOLINA operates by focusing on the determination of the Attention Class, a crucial phase for tunnel safety management. This process involves various stages:Information Collection: Involves acquiring all design data and documenting structural characteristics through the completion of an identification form for each tunnel.Direct Visual Inspections and Surveys: Include direct visual investigations and rapid surveys of the structure, along with the analysis of geomorphological and hydraulic features. This phase aims to identify existing degradation, geometric and structural properties, and potential associated risks.Risk Parameter Assessment: Based on the assessment of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability parameters derived from previous investigations. This phase assigns an Attention Class to each tunnel (High, Medium-High, Medium-Low, Low), determining subsequent actions needed to ensure structural safety.The goal of this synergy between ANAS and BOLINA is to ensure the safety and durability of structures, with particular attention to the needs of the road network in Northeast Italy. The aim is to achieve an exemplary infrastructure management model by integrating the best engineering practices with regulatory provisions, ensuring user safety and the long-term preservation of road structure integrity. Subsequently, an overview of ongoing activities will be presented, followed by the presentation of a specific case representing the work conducted on each tunnel within the examined asset.

К РЕШЕНИЮ ЗАДАЧИ КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ В СИСТЕМАХ ТЕПЛОСНАБЖЕНИЯ

The quantitative regulation of the heat supply process has a number of significant advantages and is widely used abroad. This method of regulation is also used in the Russian Federation. At the same time, the algorithmization of quantitative regulation is currently still quite problematic and requires further development. For example, the literature data on the algorithm proposed by E.Ya. Sokolov are characterized by the “omission” of the procedures of inference and justification, which is particularly undesirable for educational applications. In addition, the algorithm does not work across the entire range of thermal loads (outside temperatures). Purpose of the study. To develop an algorithm for quantitative regulation in terms of its subsequent use as part of the algorithmic support of an automated control system (ACS) for heat supply. Materials and methods. Literature data on the issue under consideration was analyzed. Using models of heating systems and heat losses of buildings, we compiled a balance equation that makes it possible to find the necessary coolant flow for heating. Results. A detailed substantiation and derivation of the algorithm for quantitative regulation of heat supply according to the heating load is proposed, and its characteristics were analyzed. The conditions for the physical feasibility of heating are taken into account. The algorithm as a whole is represented by a two-interval formula; in the second range of outdoor temperatures, the heat carrier flow rate is calculated based on the condition that the return water temperature should be noticeably higher than the indoor air temperature of the heated premises. However, when regulating the heat carrier flow in the second interval, an overestimated power of the heating system will be observed, i. e. some overshoot is possible. It is shown that with an increase in the minimum allowable value of the return water temperature, the range of outdoor temperatures in which regulation is possible in the first interval (ideal regulation without overflow) noticeably narrows, and when the water temperature in the supply line decreases, conversely, it expands. Conclusion. The results of the work can be used to develop algorithmic support for automated control systems for heat supply.

Legal aspects of ensuring environmental safety in agriculture

Ensuring food security is impossible in the absence of proper functioning and development of agriculture. In turn, a set of measures implemented within the framework of the activity under consideration often has an adverse effect on the quality and condition of objects in the surrounding world, on the environmental situation. The purpose of the research is to study the specifics of regulatory and legal support for such areas of national security as environmental safety. An urgent direction for scientific, legislative, and practical activities is the consideration of the features of regulatory and legal provision of environmental safety in agricultural production. In the context of studying agriculture, it is worth noting the need to develop the level of knowledge and awareness of subjects not only at the stage of obtaining vocational education, but also within the framework of agricultural congresses, symposiums, etc. Theoretical and empirical methods of scientific research, such as formal legal, systemic, historical, as well as analysis, generalization, are used in the work. The combination of the indicated methods of cognition of reality made it possible to trace some dynamics of the formation and development of the population's attitude to environmental challenges arising in the implementation of agricultural activities. The article attempts to determine the current system of sectoral legislation and identify promising areas for further transformations. The course of scientific reflections, as well as the results obtained, can serve as a basis for further study of institutions within the framework of constitutional, environmental and agrarian law, as well as for the formation of an ecological culture among the reader. The conclusion is formulated about the need to create a single and at the same time comprehensive regulatory legal act capable of creating an order for ensuring environmental safety both in the direction under consideration and in general. Also, the main aspect that can ensure the achievement of the most positive effect from the adoption of appropriate norms and rules is the proper organization of environmental education and upbringing of the population. It is the high level of environmental awareness that serves as the main factor in achieving a safe and developed society.

Regulatory and legal provision of cyber defense of Ukraine: current state

Regulatory and legal provision of cyber defense of Ukraine: current state