Regulatory Framework Research Articles

Impact of Social Media Marketing on Consumer Behaviour

The behavior of consumers is intricate, sophisticated, hard to modify, and occasionally confusing. Learning about consumer behavior is an interesting but important field of research. because of its complexity, diversity, unpredictable nature, and ubiquity. One of the most significant facets of consumer behavior and a hot topic for consumer science research is consumer engagement and purchase intention. Scholars and marketers have been trying to understand how consumers behave in a range of social, cultural, and other contexts. Understanding the various mental and physical actions that the customer takes prior to, during, and following the purchase is the main focus. The virtual world has emerged as a result of the introduction, development, and use of information and communication technologies by the general public and corporate organizations. Using the web, a system that uses the internet to facilitate business communications and transactions, new forms of value creation have been created in this digital age, dismantling traditional business models (Kalakota and Robinson, 2000). The demand for social media has increased due to developments in digital services and infrastructure brought about by government regulatory frameworks and other initiatives, as well as the availability of low-cost, high-speed data, appropriate content, and mobile apps. Additionally, mobile devices have become more affordable and sophisticated (Duhan and Singh, 2013). In addition, social media has given users new and innovative virtual platforms to interact, communicate, socialize, discover new information, and stay up to date on concepts, ideas, and products that may be of interest to them when making decisions about what to buy. Consumer decision-making has changed in the social web era due to the introduction of new influences such as brand community discussions and online brand endorsements (Constantinides and Fountain, 2008; Edelman, 2010). Social networks assist consumers in making decisions and sharing information (Milovic, 2018). In recent times, there has been an unparalleled surge in consumer interactions due to the availability of various forms of user-generated content such as text, photographs, and videos, as well as the chance to interact with friends, make new ones, and discover emerging trends (Giannakos et al., 2013). Mostly, people use these kinds of media to browse through information available on online forums and stay up to date on the latest developments in companies and goods.

Ethical principles for using the artificial intelligence in research (based on biomedical research). Vestsi Natsyyanal’nai akademii navuk Belarusi

The article is devoted to the relevant issue of modern science and ethical support for scientific research using Artificial Intelligence (AI). Despite a significant number of foreign and domestic publications about AI, the conceptual framework for the ethics of scientific research using AI remains undeveloped. Based on the international recommendations and articles, as well as own research experience and membership of research ethical committees, the authors define and analyze the basic ethical principles for the scientific research using AI. The proposed principles are considered in the context of their practical application in the field of biomedicine, which are connected with protection of the mankind and nature, maintaining the confidentiality of participants‘ data, preventing discrimination, protecting against errors of AI, respecting informed consent, as well as observing the norms of “open science”, mutual trust from developers and users, etc. The application of the proposed principles orients the scientists, the developers of artificial intelligence, ethical committees, realizing review process, all society, to the priority of the humanization of science, respect for man and nature, as well as education of society regarding to AI, the creation of a regulatory framework, ethical recommendations and codes of ethics for the using of AI in scientific research.

Analysis of the Principles of Good University Governance at the University of Indonesia as a State University with Legal Entity (PTN-BH) in 2014-2019

To achieve its vision and mission, the University of Indonesia (UI) has undertaken a series of improvements across various domains, encompassing governance. However, despite these endeavours, the enhancements in UI's governance do not seem to correlate with its performance achievements as documented in the annual reports. This study aims to analyse the application of the principles of good university governance at UI, a state university, from 2014 to 2019. The findings reveal that the execution of good university governance at UI, operating as a State University with a Legal Entity from 2014 to 2019, has not been optimised. The study delineated obstacles to good university governance at UI, encompassing the lack of involvement in decision-making processes beyond the rectorate, particularly in academic management; absence of transparent selection criteria for critical leadership roles such as UI Rectors and Deans; disparities in workload distribution across UI units; and outdated information on the ui.ac.id website. Recommendations stemming from the study advocate for enhancements in regulatory frameworks, refinement of staff performance assessment mechanisms, dissemination of financial regulations, and exploration of avenues to augment non-tuition revenue streams. These proposed measures aim to mitigate the identified challenges and to implement sound university governance principles more effectively at UI

Industry 4.0 Transformation: Analysing the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Banking Sector through Bibliometric Trends

The importance of artificial intelligence in the banking industry is reflected in the speed at which financial institutions are adopting and implementing AI solutions to improve their services and adapt to new market demands. The aim of this research is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the involvement of artificial intelligence in the banking sector to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research to guide future directions and support the sustainable development of this rapidly expanding field. Another important objective is to identify research gaps and underexplored areas in the field of artificial intelligence in banking. The methodology used is a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer, analysing 1089 papers from the Web of Science database. The results of the study provide relevant information for banking professionals but also for policy makers. Thus, the study highlights key areas where banks are using artificial intelligence to gain competitive advantage, thereby guiding practitioners in strategic decision making. Moreover, by identifying emerging trends and patterns in AI adoption, the study helps banking practitioners with foresight, enabling them to anticipate and prepare for future developments in the field. In terms of governmental implications, the study can contribute to the development of more nuanced regulatory frameworks that effectively balance the promotion of AI innovation with the protection of ethical standards and consumer protection.

Updating risk remediation-endpoints for petroleum-contaminated soils? A case study in the Ecuadorian Amazon region

In Ecuador, the regulatory framework for the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soils is based on predefined concentration endpoints for a selected range of petroleum hydrocarbon compounds. However, such approach may lead to over or under-estimation of the environmental risk posed by contaminated soils. In this study, the end-point remediation criteria according to Ecuadorian Environmental legislation were evaluated using different approaches. The first one was based on Total Extractable Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TEPH) and the second one on Total Bioavailable Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TBPH). Both were compared with ecotoxicological determinations using EC50 -Microtox® bioassay at 5 and 15 min of exposure. The correlation (R2) between EC50 values vs TEPH was of 0.2 and 0.25 for 5 and 15 min, respectively. Meanwhile, R2 between EC50 and TBPH was of 0.9 and 0.65 for 5 and 15 min, respectively, demonstrating a stronger correlation. Our results suggest that a contaminated site where the concentration of the TEPH is higher than the relevant regulatory concentrations may be deemed to present an acceptable risk even though their concentrations exceed the target values in soils. The results also challenge the notion that hormesis is associated with TEPH, contrary to some literature. This study is the first in Ecuador to propose incorporating bioavailability into environmental regulations, highlighting the need for further research to establish realistic and achievable remediation goals based on toxicity studies involving various trophic levels.

Analisis Maslahah dalam Konsep Perwalian Pernikahan Anak Luar Nikah Berdasarkan Kompilasi Hukum Islam

This research examines Maslahah in the concept of Islamic law. In the context of guardianship of children out of wedlock in a marriage bond according to the compilation of Islamic law, the substance of this maslahah is very relevant. However, sometimes situations where a child is born outside of marriage can occur. The research method used is Normative/Doctrinal/Literature Research The findings of this study indicate that the concept of guardianship of children out of wedlock in the perspective of the Islamic compilation has been listed in Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning marriage, Article 19 of the Compilation of Islamic Law, Article 53 paragraph 3 of the Compilation of Islamic Law, and Article 75 letter (b) of the Compilation of Islamic Law. That maslahah plays an important role in determining the view of Islamic law on this issue. In this context, it is found that a proper understanding of maslahah, which includes the protection of individual rights and the welfare of society, is essential in dealing with the guardianship of out-of-wedlock children. In this scientific work, several important aspects related to the concept of guardianship of extra-marital children have been discussed. Firstly, there are differences of opinion among scholars regarding the halal or haram guardianship of out-of-wedlock children, Secondly, the importance of paying attention to the values and principles of Islamic law underlying the concept of guardianship of out-of-wedlock children. Third, the a need for a clear and effective regulatory framework to regulate the practice of guardianship of out-of-wedlock children.

The Role of Notaries/Land Deed Officials in Combating Money Laundering Crimes with the Know Your Customer Principle

This research delves into the alarming intersection of notaries/land deed officials and money laundering crimes, highlighting the role of notarial services as potential facilitators in illicit financial activities. While notaries traditionally serve as impartial witnesses to document signings, their involvement in verifying transactions has increasingly attracted scrutiny due to the potential for abuse by money launderers. This study examines the vulnerabilities within the notarial system that may be exploited for money laundering purposes, including lax regulatory frameworks, inadequate due diligence practices, and the lack of standardized reporting mechanisms. The abstract also explores the challenges in detecting and preventing such illicit activities, emphasizing the need for enhanced regulatory oversight, improved training for notarial professionals, and increased collaboration between regulatory bodies, law enforcement, and the notarial community and also implementing the principle of know your customer. As the findings suggest, addressing these issues is crucial for safeguarding the integrity of notarial services and fortifying the global financial system against the insidious threat of money laundering.

Negotiating severity behind the scenes: prenatal testing in Germany.

Foetal-related severity is a key concept in policy and legislation relating to access to both reproductive technologies and selective abortions in many countries around the world, but not in Germany. This study sheds light on how 'severity' in the context of prenatal testing is understood and negotiated within the particular socio-cultural and legal context of Germany, where 'severity' relating to foetal clinical findings neither counts as a justification to implement population prenatal screening programs, nor as a legal ground to terminate pregnancy. This study explores the views of women who undergo prenatal testing, as well as of professionals who encounter them, through semi-structured interviews. It showcases how they frame severity and questions whether the existing legal and regulatory framework relating to prenatal testing and termination of pregnancy addresses their concerns and needs regarding reproductive decision-making. The interviews (n = 27) reveal that despite it being legally outside the explicit reasons for testing and termination of pregnancy, both women and professionals negotiate severity behind the scenes. Their interpretation of severity is highly context-dependent and relies on clinical, social and familial facets. Their perceptions of severity guide them in their handling of and decision-making around pregnancy management. Acknowledging the personal nature of severity assessment and providing professional or legal guidance which explicitly mentions foetal anomaly as a legitimate factor in pregnancy management could provide healthcare professionals and patients with the room needed to manage the pregnancy favourably.

The impending disruption of digital nomadism: opportunities, challenges, and research agenda

ABSTRACT This research maps the landscape of digital nomadism research (DNR), elucidating key topics, themes, challenges, opportunities, and socio-economic, environmental, cultural, and demographic impacts. The United States has emerged as a leading force in DNR, with significant collaborations between the United Kingdom and France. The World Leisure Journal is identified as the top-performing journal. Thematic clusters encompass remote work and technology, flexibility and autonomy, work-life integration, community and networking, global citizenship, economic impact, and skill development, aligning with multiple sustainable development goals(SDG). Moreover, the research explores digital nomadism's sociocultural, environmental, economic, technological, and demographic impacts, emphasizing community engagement, regulatory frameworks, and infrastructure development to mitigate environmental impact and promote positive outcomes. Success hinges on community engagement, regulatory frameworks, and infrastructure development, promising reduced environmental impact through sustainable practices and fostering positive outcomes. Strategic regulation and community integration are crucial for leveraging global talent access and entrepreneurship. The study underscores the need for supportive policies aligned with family-building aspirations and recommends collaborative efforts to integrate digital nomadism with SDGs through eco-friendly coworking spaces, global citizenship programs, skill development initiatives, and cultural exchange programs. This research offers insights into the dynamic landscape of digital nomadism, guiding future research endeavors.

Antitrust Vigilance: Scrutinizing Anti-Competitive Impacts in Indian and International M&A for Equitable Economic Expansion

The field of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) has witnessed significant growth and evolution in recent decades, driven by globalization, technological advancements, and changing market dynamics. The increasing interconnectedness of economies, the rise of digital platforms, and the pursuit of strategic synergies have fuelled a surge in M&A activity across industries and regions. This has prompted policymakers, regulatory authorities, and industry stakeholders to scrutinize M&A transactions more closely to ensure they do not unduly harm competition, consumer welfare, or market stability. Moreover, the evolving landscape of competition policy, regulatory frameworks, and enforcement mechanisms has added complexity to the M&A process, requiring companies to navigate a myriad of legal, regulatory, and operational challenges when pursuing cross-border transactions. Against this backdrop, understanding the principles of antitrust vigilance, the regulatory frameworks governing M&A transactions, and the ethical considerations involved is essential for stakeholders involved in the deal-making process. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped the M&A landscape, with disruptions to supply chains, changes in consumer behavior, and economic uncertainties impacting deal activity and strategic priorities. As companies adapt to new market realities and navigate the challenges posed by the pandemic, there is a heightened need for vigilance in assessing the competitive implications of M&A transactions and promoting a competitive marketplace that fosters innovation, economic growth, and consumer welfare. In light of these developments, this dissertation aims to provide a comprehensive examination of anti-trust vigilance and regulatory frameworks in Indian and international mergers and acquisitions, exploring the complexities, challenges, and ethical considerations involved in managing M&A transactions for equitable economic expansion. By analyzing key concepts, principles, case studies, and future directions, this dissertation seeks to contribute to the advancement of knowledge and inform policy debates on competition policy, regulatory reform, and corporate governance in the context of M&A transactions.

AIRLINE PRICING: HOW AIRLINES USE PRICING STRATGEIES

Airline pricing strategies play a pivotal role in the aviation industry's revenue management. This abstract explores the intricate mechanisms behind airline pricing, delving into the fundamental principles, factors, and techniques utilized by airlines to set fares. Drawing from a combination of academic research, industry reports, and real-world examples, this abstract provides a concise overview of the dynamic landscape of airline pricing. The abstract begins by elucidating the core objectives of airline pricing strategies, emphasizing the dual goals of maximizing revenue and optimizing capacity utilization. It then delineates the key determinants that shape pricing decisions, including demand forecasting, market segmentation, competition analysis, cost considerations, and consumer behavior. Furthermore, the abstract elucidates various pricing tactics employed by airlines, such as dynamic pricing, yield management, fare differentiation, and ancillary revenue generation. It examines how advanced analytics and revenue management systems enable airlines to dynamically adjust fares in response to fluctuating demand patterns, market conditions, and competitor actions. Moreover, the abstract explores the role of distribution channels in airline pricing, highlighting the importance of direct bookings, online travel agencies (OTAs), global distribution systems (GDS), and partnerships with intermediaries. It also discusses the emergence of personalized pricing strategies, leveraging big data analytics and machine learning algorithms to tailor fares based on individual preferences and purchasing behavior. Additionally, the abstract touches upon the regulatory frameworks and ethical considerations surrounding airline pricing practices, including transparency, fairness, and consumer protection. It underscores the need for airlines to strike a balance between revenue optimization and customer satisfaction, fostering trust and loyalty among passengers. In conclusion, this abstract offer valuable insights into the complex ecosystem of airline pricing strategies, shedding light on the multifaceted interplay between market dynamics, technological advancements, and business objectives. By understanding the underlying principles and tactics of airline pricing, stakeholders can navigate the competitive landscape more effectively, driving sustainable growth and profitability in the aviation industry.

ECONOMIC THEORY AND PRACTICAL IMPACTS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN SUPPLY CHAIN OPTIMIZATION

Digital transformation has emerged as a critical driver of innovation and efficiency in supply chain management, reshaping traditional economic paradigms and yielding profound practical implications. This paper delves into the economic theory underpinning digital transformation in supply chain optimization and explores its practical impacts on businesses and industries. In terms of economic theory, we examine the evolution from traditional supply chain models to digitally-enabled ecosystems. The integration of digital technologies such as big data analytics, artificial intelligence, and blockchain revolutionizes supply chain dynamics, enhancing efficiency, reducing costs, and mitigating risks. Drawing on game theory applications, we elucidate strategic interactions among supply chain stakeholders and the implications of digital transformation on their decision-making processes. Turning to practical impacts, we investigate how digital transformation enables enhanced visibility, real-time tracking, and predictive analytics, fostering agility and responsiveness in supply chain operations. Automation and AI-driven insights empower decision-makers to optimize resource allocation and mitigate disruptions effectively. Through case studies, we illustrate the tangible benefits and strategic advantages accrued by organizations embracing digital transformation. However, this transformation is not devoid of challenges. Cybersecurity threats, data privacy concerns, and the integration complexities of legacy systems pose significant hurdles. Addressing these challenges necessitates a holistic approach encompassing technological innovation, regulatory frameworks, and workforce development. Looking ahead, future trends such as blockchain integration, IoT applications, and sustainability initiatives promise further advancements in supply chain optimization. This paper underscores the imperative for ongoing research and adaptation to harness the full potential of digital transformation in reshaping the future of supply chain management. Keywords: Economic Theory, Practical Impacts, Digital Transformation, Supply Chain Optimization.

Fear of Sexual Victimization in Metaverse: A Comparison of Adolescent and Adult Female Users.

Metaverse platforms have gained worldwide popularity in recent years. This increase in popularity has also heightened safety concerns, as virtual sexual assault against children and the youth is on the rise. The issue of sexual abuse in the metaverse is becoming increasingly controversial due to the gaps in the current regulatory framework that result from the uncertain consequences of such virtual crimes. Drawing on an online survey of female users of Zepeto (n = 343), a metaverse social network platform where users interact with others while creating personalized avatars and virtual spaces, this study aims to explore how female users interpret the risk of sexual harassment in Zepeto, examining the triggers of emotional distress and behavioral change that result from such risk assessments by users. It investigates how these interpretations and responses vary depending on their sense of presence and engagement in the virtual environment and identification with their avatars and how all these processes differ between adolescent and adult female users. Overall, this study provides insights into the complex dynamics of virtual victimization. The findings could inform the development of regulatory frameworks that protect users from virtual sexual assault and create a safer environment for all users, especially the youngest generations.

Navigating the Nuances of Financial Data Management: Strategies for Accuracy, Security, and Compliance

This comprehensive article explores the multifaceted aspects of data management in the finance sector, focusing on the pivotal roles of data accuracy, security, and regulatory compliance. It highlights the critical importance of data accuracy in risk assessment, emphasizing the consequences of inaccuracies in financial decision-making. The article also delves into the challenges posed by rigorous reporting requirements and the strategies financial institutions employ to ensure data integrity and security. By examining case studies and current practices, it provides an in-depth look at how emerging technologies like AI, machine learning, and blockchain are reshaping data management in finance. The discussion extends to the best practices for meeting regulatory compliance, underscoring the dynamic relationship between financial institutions and regulatory frameworks. This piece serves as an essential guide for professionals navigating the complex landscape of financial data management.

Legal analysis of the merits of electronic transferable records: toward cross-border trade digitalization

Purpose The basis for this study on electronic transferable records (ETRs) in the context of digitalizing cross-border trade is established in this chapter. It illustrates how the growing trend toward paperless trade and technological improvements is changing trade operations. This chapter focuses on the need to look into ETRs because of their capacity to influence business transactions while navigating complex legal issues. The specific goals of the study are outlined, including a review of the advantages, legality, difficulties and best practices of ETRs. This study aims to shed light on the possible advantages and disadvantages of ETRs, the legal framework that controls their use and the best practices for their efficient implementation. This study also seeks to provide informative recommendations for businesses and people that are considering using ETRs. Design/methodology/approach This study explores the evolving world of ETRs and their crucial function in international trade. Multidimensional technique is used to examine the transformative potential of ETRs from a variety of research angles. The research design is based on a comprehensive evaluation of the literature that includes a wide range of reliable sources, including academic papers, business reports and legal documents. The comprehensive retrieval of essential material is ensured through keyword searches in renowned academic databases and industry resources. The qualitative synthesis of secondary sources further enhances this methodology and allows for a complex examination of the implications of ETRs. The case study analysis provides practical information on the benefits, hazards and practical applications of ETRs. Multifaceted aspects are uncovered via a thematic approach and qualitative investigation, including potential advantages, hazards, implementation plans and regulatory frameworks. Findings ETRs offer a range of potential advantages for cross-border trade, encompassing augmented efficiency, reduced costs and heightened security. Nonetheless, their implementation also presents legal challenges and risks, spanning security and privacy concerns, legal ambiguities and technical complexities. Consequently, it is crucial for individuals and businesses to meticulously assess and mitigate these risks through the integration of robust security protocols, staying informed about legal developments and adhering to pertinent regulatory stipulations. In spite of these hurdles, the trajectory of ETR adoption is anticipated to remain on an upward trajectory, driven by increasing recognition of their potential benefits and the concurrent evolution of legal frameworks and technical standards. Research limitations/implications Research limitations included the following: lack of adoption of ETRs internationally; and legal diversity and different legal systems results in different consideration of the ETRs. It makes reaching a unified ETR system more difficult. Practical implications It is necessary to develop clear policies and procedures and establish well-defined policies and procedures governing ETR use. These should encompass security guidelines, data protection measures and adherence to legal mandates. Regular review and updates are imperative. Stay current on legal developments: In light of the continuously evolving legal and regulatory landscape pertaining to ETRs, businesses and individuals must stay abreast of pertinent changes and seek professional counsel when necessary. Collaborate with partners and stakeholders: To ensure harmonization and standardization in ETR deployment, active collaboration with partners, regulators and industry associations is vital. Social implications Enhance awareness and education: Investment in awareness and educational initiatives is crucial. Decision-makers should organize training programs, workshops and seminars to enhance understanding of ETRs’ potential benefits in cross-border trade among stakeholders. Socially, the use of ETR can achieve several political advantages for the society. It minimizes risks of corruption through enhancing tracing and auditing abilities for relevant authorities making it more difficult to engage in corrupt practices. That can promote integrity within government and public procurement system. Originality/value The development of standardized technical frameworks and interoperable platforms for ETRs could enhance their seamless integration into existing trade systems. Additionally, investigating the integration of emerging technologies like blockchain, IoT and AI into ETR ecosystems could unlock innovative solutions to security, authenticity and data management concerns. This study examines how ETRs can radically alter how trade is conducted on a global scale. This paper examines ETRs’ role in improving cross-border trade digitization by examining their advantages, legal difficulties and implementation techniques. The conclusions will aid firms, decision-makers and attorneys in navigating the constantly changing world of trade agreements. The study’s ultimate goal is to offer takeaways that support effective, secure and legally compliant integration of ETRs, ensuring that they operate as a catalyst for improved global trade efficacy and efficiency.

Reimagining Legal AID Institution Regulation to Enhance Legal Certainty

Purpose: This research aims to examine the regulations governing the establishment of Legal Aid Institutions (LAIs/LAOs) in Indonesia, with a focus on achieving necessary legal clarity to ensure their effective functioning. Method: This research employs a prescriptive research method, involving the description of primary and secondary data findings related to the regulations governing LAIs/LAOs establishment in Indonesia. The data are processed and analyzed to derive insights into the current legal framework. Result and Discussion: The findings indicate that the existing regulations concerning the establishment of LAIs/LAOs in Indonesia lack clarity, particularly regarding the legal entity status utilized. While foundation status predominates, its alignment with Indonesian legal principles requires further consistency. Therefore, this research underscores the need for more transparent and comprehensive reformulation of these regulations. Implication of the Research: Reforming the regulations governing the establishment of LAIs/LAOs holds significant implications for improving their efficiency and effectiveness. Such reforms can enhance access to justice, protect human rights, and ensure the proper functioning of LAIs/LAOs, thereby contributing to greater legal certainty and benefiting Indonesians in need of legal aid. Originality/Value: This research contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into the regulatory framework surrounding the establishment of LAIs/LAOs in Indonesia. By highlighting the need for reform and recommending clearer regulations, this study offers practical guidance for policymakers and stakeholders involved in legal aid provision, ultimately advancing the efficacy of legal aid services in Indonesia.

Threshold effect of bank governance on risk-taking behaviours of banks; the role of regulatory framework in Africa

Threshold effect of bank governance on risk-taking behaviours of banks; the role of regulatory framework in Africa

AI can empower agriculture for global food security: challenges and prospects in developing nations.

Food and nutrition are a steadfast essential to all living organisms. With specific reference to humans, the sufficient and efficient supply of food is a challenge as the world population continues to grow. Artificial Intelligence (AI) could be identified as a plausible technology in this 5th industrial revolution in bringing us closer to achieving zero hunger by 2030-Goal 2 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG). This goal cannot be achieved unless the digital divide among developed and underdeveloped countries is addressed. Nevertheless, developing and underdeveloped regions fall behind in economic resources; however, they harbor untapped potential to effectively address the impending demands posed by the soaring world population. Therefore, this study explores the in-depth potential of AI in the agriculture sector for developing and under-developed countries. Similarly, it aims to emphasize the proven efficiency and spin-off applications of AI in the advancement of agriculture. Currently, AI is being utilized in various spheres of agriculture, including but not limited to crop surveillance, irrigation management, disease identification, fertilization practices, task automation, image manipulation, data processing, yield forecasting, supply chain optimization, implementation of decision support system (DSS), weed control, and the enhancement of resource utilization. Whereas AI supports food safety and security by ensuring higher crop yields that are acquired by harnessing the potential of multi-temporal remote sensing (RS) techniques to accurately discern diverse crop phenotypes, monitor land cover dynamics, assess variations in soil organic matter, predict soil moisture levels, conduct plant biomass modeling, and enable comprehensive crop monitoring. The present study identifies various challenges, including financial, infrastructure, experts, data availability, customization, regulatory framework, cultural norms and attitudes, access to market, and interdisciplinary collaboration, in the adoption of AI for developing nations with their subsequent remedies. The identification of challenges and opportunities in the implementation of AI could ignite further research and actions in these regions; thereby supporting sustainable development.

NAVIGATING COMPLEXITIES: A REVIEW OF COMMUNICATION BARRIERS IN MULTINATIONAL ENERGY PROJECTS

This review paper examines the communication barriers encountered in multinational energy projects, focusing on the challenges posed by cultural differences, language barriers, and differing regulatory environments. It synthesizes existing literature on communication strategies and their effectiveness in complex project environments, providing a comprehensive overview of how project managers can overcome these barriers. The paper also discusses the role of cross-cultural training, language proficiency, and regulatory knowledge in improving communication and project outcomes. This paper will conduct a systematic review of existing research, case studies, and theoretical models related to communication in multinational project management. It will collate findings from various disciplines, including management science, communication studies, and international business, to propose integrated strategies for effective communication. Multinational energy projects, characterized by diverse stakeholders, geographically dispersed operations, and intricate regulatory environments, present a fertile ground for communication challenges. Language differences, cultural nuances, and varying communication norms often hinder seamless information exchange, impeding project progress and fostering misunderstandings. This review identifies several key barriers to effective communication in multinational energy projects. Firstly, linguistic diversity poses a significant hurdle, amplifying the risk of misinterpretation and miscommunication. Secondly, cultural disparities influence communication styles, decision-making processes, and conflict resolution mechanisms, necessitating cultural sensitivity and adaptability. Additionally, organizational hierarchies and power dynamics within project consortia can stifle open dialogue, hindering the flow of vital information across stakeholders. Moreover, technological barriers, such as inadequate infrastructure or incompatible communication platforms, further exacerbate communication challenges, particularly in remote or underdeveloped regions where many energy projects operate. Regulatory frameworks across different jurisdictions also introduce legal and compliance complexities, constraining information sharing and collaboration. The implications of these communication barriers extend beyond mere operational inefficiencies, impacting project outcomes, stakeholder relationships, and even the broader energy landscape. Delays, cost overruns, and quality issues resulting from communication breakdowns undermine project viability and investor confidence. Moreover, fractured relationships among stakeholders may lead to disputes, litigation, or reputational damage, tarnishing the industry's image and impeding future collaborations. Addressing communication barriers in multinational energy projects requires a holistic approach encompassing linguistic, cultural, organizational, technological, and regulatory dimensions. Embracing diversity, fostering inclusive communication practices, leveraging innovative technologies, and promoting cross-cultural understanding are essential strategies for navigating these complexities and fostering success in the dynamic realm of multinational energy ventures. Keywords: Complexities, Communication Barriers, Multinational Energy Projects.

Exploring Financial Risks and Risk Mitigation Strategies in Digital Currencies

This paper comprehensively analyzes the financial risks faced by digital currency, using digital renminbi as a case study. The risks include operational risks, privacy risks, legal and regulatory risks, currency sovereignty risks, and the impact on traditional financial systems. Corresponding risk mitigation strategies are proposed. By strengthening system architecture, employing advanced encryption technologies, enhancing legal and regulatory frameworks, maintaining policy stability, and promoting financial integration, these measures effectively mitigate financial risks associated with digital currency, fostering its sustainable development and innovation.