Regulatory Framework Research Articles

Study on the Legal Adaptation of Digital Asset Trading and Securities Laws

This thesis discusses the connection between digital asset trading and securities law, and analyzes the role and importance of securities law in digital asset trading. As an emerging market, digital asset trading involves the issues of investor protection, information disclosure, and compliance of trading platforms. Securities law provides legal protection and regulatory framework for digital asset trading by regulating market behavior, protecting investors' rights and interests and maintaining market order. Investors should be aware of local securities laws and comply with compliance requirements to ensure the legality and safety of transactions. Regulators should actively follow up the market development and continuously improve the regulatory mechanism of digital asset trading to promote the healthy development of the market.

Regulating Digital Era: A Comparative Analysis of Policy Perspectives on Media Entertainment

The rapid proliferation of digital media platforms has democratized content creation and distribution, enabling a vast spectrum of voices to be heard. It has brought about a significant shift in media entertainment landscapes worldwide, with India being a prominent case study due to its vast and diverse content consumption patterns. The massive content on the Internet has also raised concerns regarding misinformation, copyright infringement, and cultural sensitivity. Therefore, in the context of media entertainment, the regulation of the digital era presents a vast complex array of challenges for policymakers. Thereby, it analyzes the regulatory challenges and policy perspectives; addressing how India is navigating the complexities introduced by digital technologies. The study outlines India’s current regulatory framework including legislative measures. Apart from this, the paper contains exploration of challenges of balancing free speech with societal norms in a country characterized by its cultural pluralism. The authors of the article argue that rational regulation is able to help to prevent the spread of misinformation, protect national security, and ensure privacy. It can play a pivotal role in promoting national integration by fostering unity, preventing communal tensions, and ensuring equal representation. To achieve the objectives, the paper analyzes three case studies — Swami Ramdev v. Facebook, Inc.* (2019), the Tandav Controversy (2021), and the Tiktok ban for privacy and security concerns (2020). In the later section, the authors analyze and compare the regulatory framework of different states including India, the United States, European countries, Australia, and China. In the end, the paper summarizes the need for changes in the regulatory framework and also recommends policy measures that may be implemented to safeguard the consumers’ interest, preserve cultural values, and ensure the integrity of content.

Legal Horizons of the New Artificial Intelligence Paradigm

Modern society is undergoing a structural transformation of the world economy. This is as a result of the transition to a new technological base through the introduction of artificial intelligence, cutting-edge information and communication technology, energy technology, biotechnology and nanotechnology. Artificial intelligence has the ability to significantly change the economy and social relations in society, and its newly discovered capabilities are transformational and global in nature. At the same time, the extraordinary capabilities of artificial intelligence technologies involve risks that can threaten stability and undermine human values. In order to eliminate possible threats and risks and mitigate potential dangers, it is crucial to develop systemic legal measures and ways to regulate AI technologies and models on a national and international scale and to define the legal status of AI, which must include protection of humans from the uncontrolled influence of AI and the inviolability of guarantees of human rights and freedoms. With this in mind, and in order to mitigate potential dangers and ensure the controllability and sustainability of AI technologies based on the concept of trusted (responsible) AI, it is necessary to agree on universal international guidelines for the development and application of AI technologies and models. Furthermore, it is necessary to create a universal code of conduct for AI developers, who together can create a basis for a uniform framework of legal regulation within the national legislation of each country on the principles of human rights protection, privacy and data protection, transparency and explainability, fairness, accountability and safety of artificial intelligence, adequate human oversight and ethical standards for the creation and application of AI models.

Challenge for Chinese BIM Software Extension Comparison with International BIM Development

This study provides an in-depth analysis of the current status of the promotion and application of BIM software in China, highlighting its differences from the international market. Chinese BIM software shows advantages in data security, cost-effectiveness, user habit adaptability, and localization standards, but faces challenges in terms of technological maturity and ecosystem development. By employing bibliometric methods and utilizing literature resources from CNKI and the Web of Science, the study offers a comprehensive analysis of the market and policy environment and proposes targeted recommendations. The study indicates that Chinese BIM software has significant advantages in enhancing data security and cost-effectiveness but lacks technological maturity and requires improvements in ecosystem development. User habits are crucial for the promotion of BIM software, and the localization and adaptability of the software need further enhancement. To promote the widespread application of BIM in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industries, a robust market mechanism needs to be established. The government should strengthen policy support and improve regulatory frameworks; software developers should enhance product functionality and work closely with users; and application enterprises should actively provide feedback to promote software improvements. Moreover, the introduction of reasonable capital and the collaboration between educational institutions and enterprises to cultivate professional talent are critical for the promotion and application of BIM technology. The research emphasizes that forming a cross-departmental joint mechanism to promote a virtuous cycle in the AEC market is key to achieving the widespread application of BIM technology. These measures can provide strong market impetus for the development of BIM software, accelerate the maturity and ecosystem construction of Chinese BIM software, and ultimately realize the comprehensive upgrading of informatization and digitization in the construction industry.

Unleashing India's inventive capital: intellectual property as loan collateral

ABSTRACT India's knowledge economy thrives on innovation, but financing such ventures requires alternatives to traditional tangible asset-based collateral. This paper explores the potential of intellectual property (IP) as a viable option. While challenges in valuation and enforcement exist, IP holds significant value. It is argued that IP acts as a two-pronged signal for lenders. Strong IP portfolios indicate a borrower's creditworthiness, while the potential loss of valuable IP discourages defaults. However, India's regulatory framework presents hurdles. Streamlining legal procedures, empowering financial institutions to assess IP value, and establishing centralised registries for recording security interests are crucial first steps. Risk mitigation strategies are equally important. Government-backed risk-sharing programmes and promoting IP insurance can incentivise banks and protect all parties. Finally, educating businesses about IP financing opportunities unlocks this avenue for securing funding. By addressing these challenges, India can create a robust environment for IP-based collateral, thereby fuelling economic growth and technological progress.

Adaptive Internal Model Backstepping Control for a Class of Second-Order Electromagnetic Micromirror with Output Performance Constraints and Anomaly Control.

This paper investigates the asymptotic tracking problem for a class of second-order electromagnetic micromirror model with output performance constraints and anomaly control, which is subject to model parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. Specifically, this paper formulates the trajectory tracking control problem of an electromagnetic micromirror as a closed-loop control trajectory tracking problem based on the general solution framework of output regulation. Moreover, the extended internal model is introduced to reformulate the closed-loop control problem into a state stabilization problem of the augmented system. Based on the augmented system, an internal model backstepping controller is proposed by integrating the barrier Lyapunov Functions (BLF) and the Nussbaum gain function with the backstepping structure.This controller not only satisfies the output performance constraints of the micromirror, but also maintains the control performance in anomalous control situations. The final performance simulation demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed controller.

Protein semisynthesis reveals plasticity in HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase mechanisms.

Lys ubiquitination is catalysed by E3 ubiquitin ligases and is central to the regulation of protein stability and cell signalling in normal and disease states. There are gaps in our understanding of E3 mechanisms, and here we use protein semisynthesis, chemical rescue, microscale thermophoresis and other biochemical approaches to dissect the role of catalytic base/acid function and conformational interconversion in HECT-domain E3 catalysis. We demonstrate that there is plasticity in the use of the terminal side chain or backbone carboxylate for proton transfer in HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase reactions, with yeast Rsp5 orthologues appearing to be possible evolutionary intermediates. We also show that the HECT-domain ubiquitin covalent intermediate appears to eject the E2 conjugating enzyme, promoting catalytic turnover. These findings provide key mechanistic insights into how protein ubiquitination occurs and provide a framework for understanding E3 functions and regulation.

Road traffic noise pollution and prevalence of ischemic heart disease: modelling potential association and abatement strategies in noise-exposed areas.

In many developing countries with surging vehicular traffic and inadequate traffic management, excessive road traffic noise exposure poses substantial health concerns, linked to increased stress, insomnia and other metabolic disorders. This study aims to assess the linkage between sociodemographic factors, traffic noise levels in residential areas and health effects using a cross-sectional study analyzing respondents' perceptions and reports. Noise levels were measured at 57 locations in Srinagar, India, using noise level meter. Sound PLAN software was employed to generate noise contour maps, enabling the visualization of noise monitoring locations and facilitating the assessment of noise levels along routes in proximity to residential areas. Correlation analysis showed a strong linear relationship between field-measured and modelled noise (r2 = 0.88). Further, a questionnaire-based survey was carried out near the sampling points to evaluate the association of ischemic heart disease with traffic noise. Residents exposed to noise levels (Lden > 60dB(A)) were found to have a 2.24 times higher odds ratio. Compared to females, males reported a 16% higher prevalence of the disease. Multi-faceted policy strategies involving noise mapping initiatives, source noise standards, traffic flow urban mobility optimization, smart city initiatives and stringent litigatory measures could significantly reduce its detrimental impact on public health. Finally, this study envisions a region-specific strong regulatory framework for integrating noise pollution mitigation strategies into the public health action plans of developing nations.

Towards an Integrated Legal Regime for Data and Sample Regulation under China’s Deep Seabed Mining Law

Abstract China enacted its Deep Seabed Mining Law in 2016 and promulgated the provisional measures for deep-sea data and sample management under Article 18 of the Deep Seabed Mining Law in 2017. After the institutional reforms in 2018, China entered a new era of ocean governance. This article presents a critical assessment of the provisional measures issued by the former State Oceanic Administration and proposes recommendations for the revisions of the provisional measures. Part one of this article introduces the background and briefly describes the purpose of this article. Part two provides an overview of the provisional measures for deep-sea data and sample management. Part three delivers a critical analysis of these provisional measures, demonstrating the flaws that the current provisional measures suffer. Part four proposes recommendations for the revision of the provisional measures, suggesting that an integrated data and sample management measure with a higher legal hierarchy should be promulgated by the Ministry of Natural Resources and that a streamlined regulatory framework for deep-sea data and sample management should be adopted.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Corporate Governance

The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) marks a pivotal shift in the landscape of corporate governance, catalyzing a reevaluation of traditional frameworks and necessitating a forward-looking approach to decision-making, risk management, and ethical considerations. This study explores the multifaceted impact of AI on corporate governance, offering a nuanced analysis of how AI technologies are transforming the operational, strategic, and ethical dimensions of organizations. The research underscores the potential of AI to enhance decision-making processes, optimize operational efficiencies, and foster innovation by providing advanced analytical capabilities and predictive insights. However, it concurrently highlights the emergence of unprecedented challenges, including data privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, and the need for robust regulatory frameworks to mitigate risks associated with AI deployment. The article advocates for a proactive stance in redefining corporate governance models to accommodate the disruptive nature of AI, emphasizing the integration of ethical considerations and transparency in AI applications. It calls for a collaborative effort among corporate leaders, policymakers, and stakeholders to develop governance structures that not only leverage AI’s potential but also safeguard against its inherent risks. The study’s recommendations include the establishment of ethical AI guidelines, the adoption of transparent AI practices, and the continuous monitoring of AI systems to ensure their alignment with corporate governance objectives and societal values. However, it is important to note that the approach and methods used in this study are based on a qualitativeliterature review and, therefore, the generalization of the findings across different sectors and corporate governance frameworks may be limited. Additionally, the rapidly evolving nature of AI technologies poses inherent challenges to keeping up with emerging trends and potential risks.

Entrepreneurship Ecosystem of Cooperatives in Mexico City

This study enhances our understanding of entrepreneurial ecosystems in Mexico City, emphasizing their crucial roles in fostering cooperative activity within specific contexts. It delves into the intricate interplay of ecosystem elements and their interconnectedness, shedding light on how it shapes entrepreneurial ventures in the region. We used a qualitative methodological approach and conducted semi-structured interviews defined from theoretical analysis and snowball sampling to identify key local actors, how they interact, and what obstacles they face. Our data show that the ecosystem comprises many actors, such as social economy organizations, civil society, beneficiaries, and alternative markets, as well as such diverse elements as the regulatory framework, public policies, and financing programs. The actors who have the most impact and work most consistently with cooperatives are the academy, cooperative unions, and government entities. All of them actively interact with each other, but we underscore the need for greater dynamism to enhance entrepreneurial activity.

Transparency Principle in Environmental Governance: A Case Study of Malaysia's Regulatory Framework

Transparency Principle in Environmental Governance: A Case Study of Malaysia's Regulatory Framework

Role of Nanomaterials in Pharmaceutical Preparation: A Review

Aim & objective: This study aims to explore the multifaceted applications of nanomaterials and assess their potential advantages and disadvantages. Understanding the different physicochemical properties of nanomaterials & excipients. Method: This study reviews current literature and research findings to compile a comprehensive overview of nanomaterials. Key aspects covered include synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and notable applications in different industries. The review also discusses the advantages and disadvantages associated with nanomaterials, highlighting their potential benefits and challenges. Advantages & disadvantages: Nanomaterials offer numerous advantages such as enhanced mechanical, electrical, and optical properties, which make them suitable for developing advanced technologies. However, challenges include concerns over their potential environmental and health impacts, as well as the scalability of production processes from laboratory to industrial scales. Additionally, the high cost of synthesis and regulatory uncertainties pose hurdles to widespread adoption. Conclusion: In conclusion, nanomaterials present a paradigm shift in materials science and engineering with vast potential to address pressing global challenges. Their unique properties enable innovative solutions across various sectors, promising significant advancements in healthcare, electronics, energy, and environmental sustainability. However, realizing these benefits requires continued research to mitigate risks and optimize their applications. Establishing robust regulatory frameworks and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations are essential to harnessing the full potential of nanomaterials while ensuring their safe and sustainable integration into society.

Cryptocurrency and Its Role in Portfolio Diversification

Purpose: This study sought to explore cryptocurrency and its role in portfolio diversification. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to cryptocurrency and its role in portfolio diversification. Preliminary empirical review revealed that incorporating cryptocurrencies into investment portfolios offered promising diversification benefits due to their low correlation with traditional assets, despite their high volatility and regulatory uncertainties. It highlighted the significant risk management challenges posed by cryptocurrencies' extreme price fluctuations and the evolving regulatory landscape. The study emphasized the importance of careful, limited allocation to cryptocurrencies, robust risk management practices, and continuous market monitoring. Ultimately, it suggested that cryptocurrencies could enhance portfolio performance when strategically used alongside traditional diversification methods. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Modern Portfolio Theory, Efficient Market Hypothesis and Behavioural Finance Theory may be used to anchor future studies on portfolio diversification. The study recommended a cautious yet strategic inclusion of cryptocurrencies in investment portfolios to enhance diversification, emphasizing the importance of ongoing research, robust risk management, and proactive monitoring due to their high volatility and regulatory uncertainties. It called for clear and consistent regulatory frameworks to protect investors while fostering market growth, and highlighted the need for collaboration between academia, industry, and regulatory bodies to improve financial literacy and market stability. These recommendations aimed to contribute to theoretical, practical, and policy aspects of cryptocurrency investments.

The Impact of Fintech Innovations on Traditional Banking Systems

Purpose: This study sought to explore the impact of fintech innovations on traditional banking systems. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the impact of fintech innovations on traditional banking systems. Preliminary empirical review revealed that fintech innovations had significantly transformed the financial industry, presenting both opportunities and challenges for traditional banking systems. It revealed that while fintech solutions enhanced operational efficiencies and customer satisfaction, traditional banks needed to adopt strategic planning and agile adaptation to maintain their competitiveness. The study highlighted the importance of collaboration between fintech firms and traditional banks, emphasizing the need for a balanced regulatory approach to foster innovation while ensuring financial stability. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Disruptive Innovation Theory, Diffusion of Innovations Theory and the Resource Based View Theory may be used to anchor future studies on fintech innovations on traditional banking systems. The study recommended that traditional banks embrace digital transformation by investing in technology infrastructure, fostering innovation, and upskilling employees. It suggested forming strategic partnerships with fintech firms to leverage technological advancements and enhance competitiveness. The study also advised policymakers to update regulatory frameworks to support innovation and maintain financial stability, while promoting financial literacy and inclusion. Lastly, it called for continuous dialogue and collaboration among all stakeholders to address challenges and seize opportunities presented by fintech innovations.

LEVERAGING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN PUBLIC SECTOR FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT: INNOVATIONS, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

This paper examines the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing financial risk management practices within the public sector in different context. With the increasing complexity of financial markets and the growing demand for transparency and efficiency in public finance management, traditional methods of risk identification and mitigation are proving to be inadequate. AI and machine learning technologies offer a promising alternative, with their ability to process vast amounts of data, recognize patterns, and predict future trends with a high degree of accuracy. We delve into the application of predictive models for identifying various financial risks, including credit, market, liquidity, and operational risks, and explore how AI algorithms can optimize decision-making processes through scenario analysis, resource allocation, and policy impact analysis. The paper also addresses the challenges associated with integrating AI into public financial management systems, such as data privacy concerns, the need for skilled personnel, and the importance of developing regulatory frameworks that ensure ethical use and transparency. By presenting case studies and real-world applications, this study highlights both the successes and failures of AI implementations in the public sector, providing valuable lessons learned and best practices. As AI technologies continue to evolve, this paper underscores the need for ongoing research and adaptation to fully realize their potential in making public sector financial risk management more proactive, efficient, and resilient.

Exploring sustainable finance mechanisms for green energy transition: A comprehensive review and analysis

This study elucidate the role of sustainable finance in advancing the global transition towards renewable energy sources. Employing a systematic literature review and content analysis, the research scrutinizes sustainable finance mechanisms, the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria on investment decisions, the significance of regulatory frameworks, and the strategic implications for stakeholders within the green energy ecosystem. The methodology encompasses a detailed examination of peer-reviewed articles, industry reports, and policy documents from 2013 to 2024, focusing on innovations, challenges, and opportunities in sustainable finance. The study identifies green bonds, loans, and investment funds as pivotal in mobilizing capital for green energy projects, yet highlights existing barriers such as regulatory uncertainties and the need for standardized ESG criteria. Key findings reveal that while sustainable finance is crucial for environmental sustainability and economic development, its effectiveness is contingent upon robust regulatory support and clear standards. Moreover, the research underscores the importance of stakeholder collaboration and innovative financial products in overcoming challenges and enhancing green energy adoption. The study emphasizes the critical need for advancing sustainable finance mechanisms, enhancing regulatory frameworks, and fostering stakeholder collaboration to facilitate a successful transition to green energy. It contributes valuable insights into sustainable finance's evolving landscape, offering guidance for policymakers, investors, and industry practitioners aiming to achieve long-term sustainability goals. Keywords: Sustainable Finance Mechanisms, Green Energy Transition, Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) Criteria, Regulatory Frameworks.

Exploring sustainable finance mechanisms for green energy transition: A comprehensive review and analysis

This study elucidate the role of sustainable finance in advancing the global transition towards renewable energy sources. Employing a systematic literature review and content analysis, the research scrutinizes sustainable finance mechanisms, the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria on investment decisions, the significance of regulatory frameworks, and the strategic implications for stakeholders within the green energy ecosystem. The methodology encompasses a detailed examination of peer-reviewed articles, industry reports, and policy documents from 2013 to 2024, focusing on innovations, challenges, and opportunities in sustainable finance. The study identifies green bonds, loans, and investment funds as pivotal in mobilizing capital for green energy projects, yet highlights existing barriers such as regulatory uncertainties and the need for standardized ESG criteria. Key findings reveal that while sustainable finance is crucial for environmental sustainability and economic development, its effectiveness is contingent upon robust regulatory support and clear standards. Moreover, the research underscores the importance of stakeholder collaboration and innovative financial products in overcoming challenges and enhancing green energy adoption. The study emphasizes the critical need for advancing sustainable finance mechanisms, enhancing regulatory frameworks, and fostering stakeholder collaboration to facilitate a successful transition to green energy. It contributes valuable insights into sustainable finance's evolving landscape, offering guidance for policymakers, investors, and industry practitioners aiming to achieve long-term sustainability goals. Keywords: Sustainable Finance Mechanisms, Green Energy Transition, Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) Criteria, Regulatory Frameworks.

Challenges and Prospects of Establishing Accounting Treatment Standards for Digital Currency

Digital Currency have emerged as a disruptive force in the financial world, challenging traditional accounting practices and regulatory frameworks. This study examines the challenges and prospects for establishing accounting standards for Digital Currency. Initially conceived as a secure medium of exchange, Digital Currency have evolved into assets that can be exchanged for goods or services. However, their dual role as currencies and commodities presents a classification dilemma. Current accounting standards primarily classify Digital Currency as intangible assets, but their rapid appreciation renders historical cost measurement ineffective. Adopting fair value measurement emerges as an optimal solution, but practical hurdles remain. Through insights from existing literature and analysis, this study optimizes accounting approaches for Digital Currency, addressing challenges such as asset valuation, regulatory inconsistencies, diverse investor perspectives, and legal uncertainties. Establishing standardized and transparent accounting practices tailored to Digital Currency is critical to ensuring transparency, consistency, and reliability in financial reporting.

Impact of biodegradable plastics on U.S. environmental conservation: A comprehensive review, exploring the effectiveness, challenges, and broader implications of bioplastics in waste management and eco-preservation

This study provides a comprehensive review of the emergence of biodegradable plastics as a paradigm shift in materials science, aiming to assess their development, implementation, and impact on environmental conservation and sustainable development. Employing a systematic literature review and content analysis methodology, the research scrutinizes academic databases and industry reports to explore the technological innovations, environmental benefits, and challenges associated with biodegradable plastics. The inclusion and exclusion criteria ensure a focused examination of peer-reviewed articles, highlighting advancements in biopolymer formulations, regulatory frameworks, and stakeholder perspectives. Key findings reveal that biodegradable plastics offer significant potential for reducing plastic pollution and mitigating climate change impacts due to their renewable origins and compostability. However, challenges such as technical limitations, higher production costs, and the need for specialized waste management infrastructure hinder their widespread adoption. The study underscores the importance of developing standardized biodegradation protocols, investing in research and development, enhancing waste management systems, and educating stakeholders to overcome these barriers. Conclusively, biodegradable plastics represent a promising avenue towards sustainable materials management, provided that concerted efforts are made to address the existing challenges. Strategic recommendations include fostering public-private partnerships, improving material properties, and implementing supportive policies to enhance the role of bioplastics in environmental preservation. Future research should focus on innovating bioplastic technologies and exploring effective strategies for their integration into the circular economy. Keywords: Biodegradable Plastics, Environmental Conservation, Sustainable Development, Waste Management.