Regulatory Ambiguities Research Articles

Agritourism as a catalyst for sustainable rural development: Innovations, challenges, and policy perspectives in the post-COVID-19 era

This study investigates the dynamic landscape of agritourism in Thailand, emphasizing innovations, challenges, and policy implications in the post-COVID-19 era. Employing a qualitative approach, including a comprehensive literature review and semi-structured interviews with stakeholders, the research identifies key agritourism models, such as immersive learning experiences, technology-driven agritourism, and unconventional practices like salt and coconut plantations. Findings reveal that agritourism has adapted to shifting market demands through diversification, technological integration, and a heightened focus on sustainability. Notably, technology adoption in precision farming and hydroponics enhances resource efficiency and visitor engagement, while initiatives like rice paddy field tourism and highland agritourism showcase the cultural and ecological richness of rural landscapes. The study underscores the critical role of policy frameworks, infrastructure development, and community empowerment in fostering sustainable agritourism practices. Key policy recommendations include targeted subsidies, capacity-building programs, and harmonized regulatory frameworks to address challenges such as financial constraints, regulatory ambiguities, and inadequate infrastructure. This research contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable tourism and rural development, aligning agritourism with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). By synthesizing insights on innovation, resilience, and sustainability, this study offers a comprehensive roadmap for policymakers, practitioners, and academics to leverage agritourism as a vehicle for rural revitalization and global sustainability. Future research directions are proposed to explore the long-term impacts of technological integration, community empowerment, and resilience strategies in agritourism.

Legal Uncertainty for Police Members in the Limits of Positions Outside the Police

This research examines the legal uncertainties surrounding restrictions on police officers holding positions outside the police institution, focusing on the analysis of Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning the Indonesian National Police. Using a normative legal research method with legislative and conceptual approaches, the study reviews relevant legal provisions and principles of legal certainty and separation of powers. Key findings reveal significant regulatory ambiguities in defining permissible external roles, enforcement mechanisms, and conditions under which police officers may hold such positions. These gaps contribute to overlapping authorities, legal inconsistencies, and potential conflicts of interest. The study concludes by recommending specific policy revisions, including clarifying legal provisions, strengthening oversight mechanisms, and establishing clear criteria for permissible external roles. These measures aim to enhance legal certainty, maintain institutional integrity, and foster greater public trust in law enforcement.

Islamic Law Review of Sharia Cooperative Practices in Indonesia

This paper examines the practices of Sharia cooperatives in Indonesia through an Islamic law perspective, focusing on their adherence to Sharia principles, the effectiveness of existing legal frameworks, and the operational challenges they face. Utilizing a comprehensive literature review, the study reveals that while Sharia cooperatives aim to provide ethical financial solutions, many struggle with compliance due to inadequate understanding of Islamic finance, regulatory ambiguities, and governance issues. The findings highlight the importance of enhancing regulatory clarity, establishing robust Sharia supervisory bodies, and fostering continuous education among cooperative managers and staff. By addressing these challenges, Sharia cooperatives can better align their practices with Islamic law and contribute to the broader Islamic finance ecosystem in Indonesia.

Off the Guardrails: Opportunities and Caveats for Name Image Likeness and the [Student] Athlete Influencer

The landscape of college athletics is undergoing a seismic shift with the advent of Name, Image, and Likeness (“NIL”) opportunities for student-athletes. In Off the Guardrails: Opportunities and Caveats for Name Image Likeness and the [Student] Athlete Influencer, Professor Maureen A. Weston examines the evolving terrain, tracing the journey from the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s (“NCAA’s”) rigid amateurism policies to the current era of NIL legislation and its implications. This Article navigates the complex intersection of athlete empowerment, entrepreneurial ventures, and regulatory challenges, shedding light on the multifaceted opportunities and risks for athletes in the burgeoning NIL market. Delving into the heart of the matter, Weston dissects the dynamics of NIL dealmaking, unveiling the potential windfalls and pitfalls awaiting collegiate student-athletes. From the allure of financial independence to the specter of predatory practices and regulatory ambiguities, the author uncovers the intricate tapestry of concerns surrounding the NIL framework. Drawing on insights from legal, regulatory, and ethical perspectives, Off the Guardrails offers a roadmap for those navigating this uncharted territory, exploring avenues for policy reform, regulatory harmonization, and athlete welfare safeguards in the quest for a balanced and equitable future for student-athlete influencers.

Examining the drivers of artificial intelligence adoption in Nigeria’s supply chain management landscape

The evolution of artificial intelligence and varying perspectives on its integration within the supply chain management landscape tend to influence organisations’ ability to adapt to changing market conditions and maintain relevance and competitiveness. Using a quantitative approach, this study explored the drivers of artificial intelligence adoption in Nigeria’s supply chain management landscape. A survey questionnaire was the primary means of collecting quantitative data from 80 local supply chain practitioners, which was analysed through statistical tests. Results from the study established support and leadership from senior management, availability of technological infrastructure, and regulatory framework and regulatory considerations as the foremost drivers of AI adoption in Nigeria’s supply chain landscape. The study's findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, industry practitioners, and academic researchers. The study posits that fostering a conducive environment for AI implementation, addressing regulatory ambiguities, and enhancing technological capabilities will be imperative for unlocking the full benefits of AI in Nigeria's supply chain management landscape.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CORPORATE INSOLVENCY RESOLUTION PROCESS IN SHAPING INDIA’S SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A LEGAL AND REGULATORY REVIEW

This article underscores the crucial role of regulatory bodies in insolvency processes, providing the audience with a comprehensive understanding of their functions. They play a significant part in creating a conducive environment for restructuring viable businesses and rehabilitation. The Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) implementation under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016, has transformed the corporate insolvency regime of India and has affected the economic growth, wealth distribution, employment stability and ultimately socio-economic development of India. This paper evaluates the CIRP by scrutinising the legislative provisions and analysing case studies of various distressed companies to determine how far it has facilitated corporate distress resolution and protected the interests of its stakeholders. It focuses on the practical implementation of the CIRP and identifies the challenges in the CIRP, like judicial interpretation, procedural delays, and regulatory ambiguities. Ultimately, it provides suggestions for improving the efficiency and efficacy of insolvency resolution in India to promote sustainable socio-economic development, reassuring the audience of the regulatory bodies’ commitment to the process.

Regulating surrogacy intermediaries: a comparative analysis of regulatory approaches and implications in the Chinese context

AbstractThis article addresses the significant research gap concerning the regulation of surrogacy intermediaries in China’s rapidly growing surrogacy market. Employing a ‘law in context’ perspective, it explores the question of how to effectively regulate surrogacy intermediaries in the Chinese context. Situated within China’s unique socio-cultural landscape, where procreation carries profound significance, the study navigates the complexities of surrogacy regulation, including ethical dilemmas, rights infringements and regulatory ambiguities. The article advocates for the regulation of surrogacy in China to prevent possible exploitation, referencing three international models: prohibiting commercial surrogacy, governing non-profit surrogacy organisations and imposing duties on for-profit surrogacy agents. The aim is to construct a robust, context-sensitive regulatory framework for surrogacy in China, focusing on identifying suitable intermediaries and defining the scope of effective regulatory oversight.

Navigating the Legal Landscape: Addressing Regulatory Ambiguities and Policy Imperatives in Nigeria's Energy Transition

Navigating the Legal Landscape: Addressing Regulatory Ambiguities and Policy Imperatives in Nigeria's Energy Transition

A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF CRIPPLING CHINESE ECONOMY ON MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS: INDIA’S FDI APPROACH

This project explores the multifaceted impact of a crippling Chinese economy on Multinational Corporations (MNCs) and examines their strategic responses. As disruptions in China ripple through supply chains, reshaping market dynamics, and introducing regulatory ambiguities, MNCs must skillfully navigate these challenges to uphold resilience and pursue sustained growth. Concurrently, India also emerges as a potential alternative for MNCs seeking stability and growth opportunities beyond China. This research paper delves into understanding the factors of Chinas economic growth over years, the cause for the downfall, and strategic measures that India can adopt to harness the potential inflow of FDI amidst the evolving global economic landscape, such as policy reforms, infrastructure development, and sector-specific incentives. The analysis section examines the major factors that determine the economy such as GDP growth rate, Population, FDI, Youth unemployment rate, GDP Per capita income and forecast of Indias momentum in FY25 based on secondary data. The conclusion emphasizes the central theme of harnessing Indias vast growth potential while confronting the key challenges that impede its expansion. By implementing strategic policies and precise reforms, India can sustain its robust growth trajectory, surpassing the $5 trillion threshold. KEYWORDS: Economic Landscape, Crippling Chinese economy, Indias measures, Multinational Corporations (MNCs), FDI, Sustained growth, Strategic policies, Challenges.

The Application of Blockchain Technology in International Financial Management: Opportunities and Challenges

Blockchain technology has emerged as a disruptive force in the realm of global finance, offering the promise of enhanced efficiency, transparency, and security. This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the applications, opportunities, and challenges presented by blockchain in the context of international financial management. The decentralized ledger system of blockchain holds significant potential for automating processes and improving credit identification in Islamic finance, yet it faces obstacles such as regulatory uncertainty and interoperability issues in traditional banking systems. Despite these challenges, blockchain has the capacity to streamline cross-border payments, digitize trade finance operations, and revolutionize cross-border remittances. However, scalability concerns and regulatory ambiguities pose significant hurdles to widespread adoption and implementation. Considering these challenges, collaboration and innovation are essential to unlocking the full transformative potential of blockchain in reshaping the landscape of global finance. By addressing regulatory uncertainties, enhancing scalability, and fostering collaboration between industry stakeholders and policymakers, blockchain technology can pave the way for a more efficient, transparent, and inclusive international financial ecosystem.

Konsep Disruptive Marketing dalam Menanggulangi Praktik Jual Rugi oleh Perusahaan Penyedia Jasa Transportasi Online

The rapid development of app-based online transportation in Indonesia addresses the public's need for application-based transportation modes. However, intense competition among app-based transportation providers has led to the emergence of predatory pricing strategies. To investigate these practices and their implications for the relevant market and disruptive market from a legal perspective, a normative legal research was conducted. The results reveal regulatory ambiguities concerning promotional pricing concepts in online transportation companies, which have led to predatory pricing practices violating Article 20 of Law Number 5 of 1999. This discrepancy reflects legal frameworks lagging behind technological advancements, contrary to the concept of living law. Considering this, the urgent application of disruptive marketing by app-based transportation providers is essential to foster innovation without infringing upon the principles and laws of fair competition.

Policy Towards Foreign Direct Investment in Laos: Essence, Attractive and Problematic Features, and Impacts

This research delves into Laos' economic transformation from a closed system to an open market, attracting significant foreign direct investment (FDI) post-1986. Despite challenges like regulatory ambiguities and administrative inefficiencies, FDI, especially in sectors like hydro energy and mining, has markedly boosted Laos' GDP and employment opportunities.

PHARMACY PRACTICE STANDARDS AND CHALLENGES IN NIGERIA: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS

Pharmacy practice standards and challenges in Nigeria constitute a critical area of concern due to their profound impact on healthcare delivery and patient outcomes. This comprehensive analysis delves into the multifaceted landscape of pharmacy practice in Nigeria, highlighting prevailing standards and the array of challenges faced by pharmacists in their professional endeavors. Nigeria, like many other developing countries, grapples with a complex healthcare system marked by resource constraints, regulatory ambiguities, and evolving patient needs. Within this context, pharmacists play a pivotal role as frontline healthcare providers, responsible for ensuring safe and effective medication use. However, the absence of robust regulatory frameworks and standardized practices poses significant hurdles to the delivery of quality pharmaceutical care. This analysis examines the existing pharmacy practice standards in Nigeria, emphasizing the role of regulatory bodies such as the Pharmacists Council of Nigeria (PCN) in setting guidelines and enforcing compliance. It also scrutinizes the challenges encountered by pharmacists, including inadequate infrastructure, limited access to essential medicines, counterfeit drugs, and insufficient professional development opportunities. Furthermore, the analysis explores the impact of socio-economic factors, cultural beliefs, and healthcare disparities on pharmacy practice in Nigeria. It underscores the need for collaborative efforts among stakeholders, including government agencies, healthcare institutions, pharmaceutical industry players, and professional associations, to address these challenges comprehensively. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of enhancing pharmacy practice standards in Nigeria to promote patient safety, optimize medication therapy outcomes, and advance public health objectives. By addressing the identified challenges and fostering a supportive environment for pharmacists, Nigeria can harness the full potential of its pharmacy workforce to meet the healthcare needs of its population effectively.
 Keywords: Pharmacy, Standards, Nigeria, Practices, Review.

Blockchain auditing dilemma: Exploring hesitation among audit firms

Blockchain technology, initially developed for the cryptocurrency Bitcoin, has expanded its reach into various sectors, such as supply chain management, healthcare, and real estate. The technology's transparency, and security have led many to view it as self-auditing. On the other hand, as blockchain integrates into traditional business models, the necessity for formal auditing processes akin to those in the nonblockchain corporate (business) world becomes evident and highly important. The present research explores the hesitancy among audit firms (statutory auditors) to engage in blockchain auditing, delving into the technological, regulatory, and inherent risks that make blockchain a challenging terrain for auditors and their work. The present research outlines the evolution of the blockchain environment, detailing its historical progression and diverse platforms. This finding underscores the crucial role of auditing in ensuring transparency, trust, and corporate (business) sustainability. The challenges faced by audit firms in the blockchain space, including technical complexities, regulatory ambiguities, and inherent risks such as cryptocurrency market volatility/risk, are extensively discussed. Practical case studies such as those of DAO attack, QuadrigaCX's missing funds, and the scrutiny of Bitfinex and Tether illustrate the consequences of inadequate auditing in blockchain platforms. Potential solutions for these challenges have been put forth, with an emphasis on the following: collaborative learning and training, advocacy for regulatory clarity, technological advancements, and the development of auditing standards specific to blockchain. The study culminates by emphasising the consequences of audit firms' ongoing reluctance towards blockchain technology and the advantages that can be gained by surmounting these obstacles. The aforementioned discovery implies that a mutually beneficial association between auditors and the blockchain industry may usher in an unprecedented epoch characterised by enhanced market economy transparency, confidence, and ingenuity. A comparison of conventional and blockchain auditing methods is presented in the appendices, with an emphasis on the distinctions between the two approaches.

Reviewing advancements in privacy-enhancing technologies for big data analytics in an era of increased surveillance

In the contemporary landscape of big data analytics, privacy concerns loom large, exacerbated by escalating surveillance measures. This review delves into the advancements of privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) amidst this era of heightened scrutiny. The review explores the evolving landscape of PETs, highlighting their pivotal role in safeguarding individual privacy while enabling meaningful data analysis. Firstly, the review elucidates the escalating surveillance environment, characterized by ubiquitous data collection practices and the proliferation of sophisticated monitoring mechanisms. Against this backdrop, the imperative for robust privacy solutions becomes evident. Subsequently, the review navigates through the array of PETs, encompassing differential privacy, homomorphic encryption, secure multi-party computation, and federated learning, among others. Each technology is scrutinized for its efficacy in mitigating privacy risks without compromising analytical utility. Furthermore, the review delineates notable applications of PETs across diverse domains, including healthcare, finance, and social media. Case studies exemplify how PETs facilitate data sharing and collaborative analysis while preserving confidentiality and compliance with regulatory frameworks. Moreover, the review examines the challenges hindering the widespread adoption of PETs, such as computational overhead, interoperability issues, and regulatory ambiguities. Strategies for overcoming these hurdles are elucidated, encompassing advancements in algorithmic efficiency, standardization efforts, and policy advocacy. The review underscores the pivotal role of PETs in reconciling the imperatives of data analytics with the imperatives of privacy protection amidst escalating surveillance. It emphasizes the necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to foster the development and deployment of effective PET solutions, thereby ensuring a harmonious balance between data utility and individual privacy rights in the digital age.

PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI BLOCKCHAIN DALAM MANAJEMEN LOGISTIK PERTAHANAN

Logistics management plays a pivotal role in ensuring the success of military operations within the realm of defense. With the primary goals of enhancing timeliness, transparency, and the overall security of defense asset management, blockchain technology has emerged as an intriguing solution. This educational article endeavors to delve into the concept and utilization of blockchain technology in the logistics management of defense, while also shedding light on the advantages and constraints associated with its implementation. This study adopts a literature review methodology to unravel the intricacies of applying blockchain technology in defense logistics. The findings reveal a multitude of challenges when implementing blockchain technology, including issues related to human resources, technological readiness, regulatory ambiguities, the customization of blockchain systems for strategic defense logistics applications, and the preservation of data integrity. The adoption and implementation of blockchain technology within the field of defense logistics is not a direct, one-size-fits-all process. Instead, tailored adaptations are made to address the unique demands of defense logistics, which often necessitate restricted access for specific stakeholders due to the sensitive nature of the sector. In conclusion, this research underscores the significant potential of blockchain technology in the realm of defense logistics. However, it emphasizes the necessity for further in-depth research and meticulous adaptation to ensure a seamless integration of this technology into the complex landscape of defense logistics.

Observational Learning in Ab Initio Pilot Training

Abstract: New learning and teaching techniques are required to reduce the length and costs of flight training while increasing its quality, such as observational learning, also known as backseating in aviation training. This study investigates the opportunities and challenges associated with backseating in an aircraft when another student is learning to fly. An ethnographic study of a flight school in Australia was conducted via observation and in-depth interviews. The results show opportunities such as learning from common mistakes, recognizing patterns, and reinforcing struggling areas in a stress-free environment, without any extra costs. The reported concerns included weight limits and regulatory issues, student nervousness when observed, and insufficient time to backseat flights. For backseating to be adopted, regulatory ambiguities should be addressed.

HARNESSING AI FOR AFRICA'S FINANCIAL FORTIFICATION: A REVIEW

Africa’s financial landscape presents a complex tapestry characterized by adversity and opportunity. It is home to a significant portion of the world’s unbanked and underbanked population, with millions still lacking access to fundamental financial services. However, amid these challenges, Africa also boasts a burgeoning tech-savvy population, a growing number of innovative fintech startups, and governments increasingly recognizing the pivotal role of financial inclusion in sustainable development. This dynamic interplay between adversity and opportunity defines Africa’s financial sector, shaping its trajectory during this economic and technological transformation era. This paper explores the challenges and opportunities of adopting Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the African financial sector. The study researches the current landscape, underlining key statistics such as the substantial percentage of African unbanked individuals. It also identifies significant barriers to AI adoption, such as infrastructure limitations, data quality issues, and regulatory ambiguities. To address these challenges effectively, the paper proposes actionable recommendations targeted at policymakers, financial institutions, and stakeholders. To maximize AI’s potential for transforming the African financial sector, strategies for infrastructure development, data quality enhancement, regulatory clarity, skills development, and the ethical deployment of AI are discussed. This paper highlights the challenges and underscores AI’s immense potential for financial inclusion and economic growth in Africa.

Living the liminal life: informalities in a utopian housing project

This article presents ethnographic research carried out in Rome’s Corviale public housing project: a 1-km-long building where squatting and unauthorised construction are widespread, most notably along the entire fourth floor. It first outlines the institutional background to these informalities, demonstrating that they have not emerged outside or in opposition to the state, but are the outcome of regulatory ambiguities determined by bureaucratic (in)actions over three decades and are tightly connected to the management of Rome’s housing sector more broadly. It then explores how informalities are organised and experienced by residents; identifying social relations, power dynamics, and how squatters position their practices normatively in relation to institutional neglect and the local activities of semi-organised criminals. Beyond adding to debates on housing informalities in the global North, the analysis makes a wider theoretical contribution, focusing on the centrality of time as a defining feature of informal housing practices. It highlights how institutionally imposed temporalities generate conditions of protracted liminality, constraining residents’ means and methods of survival but also producing the foundations for claims-making and negotiations to modify regulatory practices from ‘below’. Lastly, it analyses a recent policy initiative to formalise the fourth floor, exploring its ability to uproot the multidimensional informalities that have crystallised over time.

Responsible Science and Research Animal Use.

This issue of the ILAR Journal focuses on the topic of responsible science as it relates to animal research. We start with the concept of the scientist as a responsible citizen and then move through multiple phases of research including careful experimental planning, reporting, and incorporation of laboratory animal science. The work of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) or animal ethical/oversight body in reviewing both animal use and contributing to scientific excellence is explored. Additional topics include protection of animal handlers from multiple experimental hazards, use of agricultural animals and wildlife studies, regulatory ambiguities, and harmonization of animal research. Rounding out the issue is a discussion of how animal care and use programs can enhance animal welfare while mitigating regulatory burden, and our responsibility to clearly communicate the ethical use of animals in advancing biomedical research. A deeper understanding of these topics can assist scientists in simultaneously advancing their research and animal welfare.