Regional Social Development Research Articles

СУЧАСНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ МЕТОДОЛОГІЇ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПРОЕКТАМИ У СФЕРІ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

The necessity of working out the strategy of Ukraine regions’ development is considered in the article which would promote increase of regions’ competitiveness. Such strategy should be based on the new project-oriented approach to the management system of the industrial policy in the region. It is defined that the absence of full, scientifically well-founded system of methods and tools of project management of regional development does not allow using projects’ potential of regional development with maximum efficiency. That’s why the objective of this research is the theoretical substantiation and working out practical recommendations concerning increase the efficiency of implementation and using the methodology of project management in the sphere of regional development in Ukraine.Results of this research are: the analysis of the valid condition of working out and realisation of target programs of social and economic development of separate regions has been carried out, which testifies that qualitative and quantitative results of performance of related activities, terms of their realisation, executors, volumes and financing sources, the realisation mechanism are not accurately determined, and also a coordination of these programs in concrete strategic directions in each specific case. These facts are at the reason of low efficiency of too many programs of economic and social development of regions in Ukraine.The application of the project-oriented approach to the government programs management is offered with the aim of improvement of results’ quality of the state target programs, level of satisfaction of stakeholders.

基于MSIASM和能源消费碳排放的中国四大直辖市社会代谢分析

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于MSIASM和能源消费碳排放的中国四大直辖市社会代谢分析 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201306081461 作者: 作者单位: 浙江大学生命科学学院生态研究所,浙江大学生命科学学院生态研究所,浙江大学生命科学学院生态研究所,美国佐治亚理工学院地理信息系统中心 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 浙江省科技厅科技攻关项目"浙江省发展生态旅游产业对策研究"(2005C30013, 2005.04-2006.04); 浙江省哲学社会科学基金重大项目"浙江省旅游生态化发展与管理的对策研究"(WT0316, 2003.06-2005.06) Societal metabolism analysis of China's four municipalities based on MSIASM theory and carbon emissions from energy consumption Author: Affiliation: Institute of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University,Institute of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:通过社会代谢多尺度综合评估(Multi-Scale Integrated Assessment of Societal Metabolism, MSIASM)方法,采用生物-经济压力和不同组织尺度下的体外能代谢率、能源密度指标,并将能源消费碳排放融入评估框架,评价了中国四大直辖市2004年至2010年的社会代谢及其综合发展状况。研究中能源消费碳排放的加入较好补充了MSIASM在生态评估方面的弱势。研究结果显示,四大直辖市整体社会代谢发展良好,体外能代谢率和生物-经济压力稳步上升,能源密度和单位能耗碳排放不断降低,总体呈现良性发展态势。从各个直辖市的社会经济系统各部门表现来看,各城市体现了自己的突出特点。在深入到行业尺度研究体外能代谢率、能源密度后,整体显示出控制工业部门和交通运输部门的能耗增长对于提高经济生产能源效率的突出作用,同时应继续加大金融和计算机等低能耗高经济生产率行业的发展力度。 Abstract:The Multi-Scale Integrated Assessment of Societal Metabolism method has been widely used to comprehensively evaluate levels of social development and sustainability. It can also be regarded as the basis of urban development policy creation for urban managers and decision-makers. However, although there is an increasing amount of research about variables and scales of the method, very little focuses on the ecological aspect and the impacts of scale on the variables. This study evaluates the societal metabolism and comprehensive development situation of China's four municipalities between 2004 and 2010 by adopting the method of Multi-Scale Integrated Assessment of Societal Metabolism (MSIASM). This method includes indicators of Exosomatic Metabolic Rate and Energy Intensity at different organizational scales, as well as Bio-economic Pressure. The carbon emissions from energy consumption was first introduced into MSIASM to assess the ecological aspect of urban development and to assess the impacts of different organizational scales on the indicators The results demonstrates that overall development of China's four municipalities' societal metabolism is in good condition with a steady increase in Exosomatic Metabolic Rate and Bio-economic Pressure and a ceaseless decrease in energy intensity and carbon emissions per unit of energy consumption. In terms of the integrated performance of social economic systems, each municipality reflected its own unique developmental characteristics. In the case of Shanghai, the gradual downsizing of the agricultural industry and the high-level development of the manufacturing industry, reflected the typical characteristics of the late-industrialization city in China. The development of Beijing showed a close relationship with the city's preparation for the Olympic Games. This included strict limitations on energy investment and industrial pollution as well as vigorous development on the construction of transportation infrastructure. Tianjin's development presented the status of the booming manufacturing industry and the relatively lagging service industry, which are the features of a rapidly industrializing city in general. The overall level of development level in Chongqing was lower than the other three cities, embodying the city's traits during the transformation of industry structure from agriculture to industrialization. Additionally, the indicators were affected by scale and show different characteristics, especially for the Exosomatic Metabolic Rate, Energy Intensity and Economic Labor Productivity under the industry scale.The prominent role of controlling the energy consumption of the manufacturing industry and the transportation department on rising energy efficiency of production. The development of low energy consumption and high economic productivity industry such as the financial industry and the computer industry are also very important to take into consideration. In conclusion, this study introduces ecological indicators and dynamic working time data into the classic MSIASM method for a more comprehensive evaluation of the city's sustainability and firstly applies the model down to the industry scale. It can detect the composite effects of number of employee and average working hour. It provides a new perspective for environmental impact assessment of energy use and a new tool to guide future urban planning and development. Based on the result that EMR and BER show different characteristics under different scales, this method should be carefully used when face to evaluate the level of regional social development. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Research on Integration of Mining and Reclamation of Opencast Mining Area in Hulun Buir Grassland

Environment arround the vast Hulun Buir Grassland is susceptible to mining production, especially coal mining often leads to ecological structure and function damage of mining area or causes the ecological system to change in the direction that is not conducive to the survival of mankind. However, the grassland vegetation restoration engineering, whoes practice needs urgent theoretical guidance, is necessary to be systematically included in mining engineering. In order to prepare for further research on grassland restoration of mining area, this paper systematically analysised the damage on grassland due to mining, as well as the dependence on grassland of sustainable development of Hulun Buir regional economic, and explained that grassland ecological restoration is the economic ecological engineering that closely connects to regional social development.

Regulation of social development of economic systems

We studied and analyzed the forms and methods of regulation of social development of economic systems, defined the basic functions of the regional mechanism of social development.

The features of choosing an institutional development trajectory in Eastern Europe in the 16th—17th centuries: Moscovy and the Polish — Lithuanian Commonwealth

Recent decades have witnessed an increase in the number of works dedicated to the analysis of effects of historical events on the choice of institutions and further economic and social development of regions. This article employs the new institutional economic theory approach to consider the choices regarding title to land and serfdom in Moscovy and the Polish — Lithuanian Commonwealth (earlier the Grand Duchy of Lithuania) in the 16—17 centuries. The author emphasizes the factors, which affected the choice of institutional development trajectory, and considers the influence exerted by these institutes on the political and military development of these states. This article shows how the contingent property rights in Moscovy turned out to be competitive in the conditions of a considerable contribution of decentralisation factors to defence capacity and, opposite to the situation in the Polish — Lithuanian Commonwealth, ensured the formation of large and efficient troops. This work contributes to the research on the property rights and Russian economic history.

Особенности выбора институционального пути развития в Восточной Европе XVI—XVII веков: Московское государство и Речь Посполитая

Recent decades have witnessed an increase in the number of works dedicated to the analysis of effects of historical events on the choice of institutions and further economical and social development of regions. This article employs the new institutional economics theory approach to consider the choices regarding title to land and serfdom in Moscovy and Rzeczpospolita (earlier the Grand Duchy of Lithuania) in the 16th-17th centuries. The author emphasises the factors, which have affected the choice of institutional development trajectory, and considers the influence exerted by these institutes on the political and military development of these states. This article shows how the contingent property rights in Moscovy turned out to be competitive in the conditions of a considerable contribution of decentralisation factors to defence capacity and, opposite to the situation in Rzeczpospolita, ensured the formation of large and efficient troops. This work contributes to research on property rights and Russian economic history.

EVALUATING THE CHANGES IN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF LITHUANIAN COUNTIES BY MULTIPLE CRITERIA METHODS

Under the conditions of the country's economy restructurization, the differences between economic and social development of various regions are becoming more prominent. To smooth these differences, a number of scientific and practical problems associated with the concepts of a region, regional policy and its aims, determination of the boundaries of a region and evaluation of its development, etc., should be thoroughly investigated. To solve such complicated problems, multicriteria evaluation methods have been recently used, which could take into consideration the major aspects of economic and social development of the regions, including the environmental problems, as well as multidimensional character of the criteria, different directions of their changing and significances. Quantitative evaluation of social and economic region's development allows us to determine the changes, taking place in this development. This, in turn, shows the effectiveness of the EU structural funds, national programmes and other facilities used in conducting the regional policy. Santrauka Šalies ūkiui iš esmės restruktūrizuojantis ir persitvarkant padidėja ekonominės ir socialinės plėtros skirtumai tarp regionų (apskričių). Juos mažinant susiduriama su daugeliu mokslui ir praktikai aktualių, spręstinų klausimų, tokių kaip regiono, regioninės politikos samprata ir tikslai, jų ribų nustatymas, plėtros supratimas, įvertinimas ir t. t. Tokiems uždaviniams spręsti pastaraisiais metais sėkmingai taikomi daugiakriterinio vertinimo būdai. Jie leidžia įvertinti visus svarbiausius regionų ekonominės ir socialinės plėtros (RESP) aspektus, taip pat ir aplinkosauginius, įvertinti rodiklių daugiadimensiškumą, nevienodą kitimo kryptį bei reikšmingumą. Galimybė kiekybiškai įvertinti RESP leidžia nustatyti šios plėtros kaitą. Būtent ji parodo, koks yra Europos struktūrinių fondų, nacionalinių programų, kitų priemonių, skirtų regioninei politikai įgyvendinti, efektyvumas.

Les connaissances comme ressources du développement régional

The economic and social development of regions is facing new challenges nowadays. European integration and extension, as well as the globalised climate/structure with regard to economics and decision-making, and globalised economic and decisionrelated coherencies are bringing about major changes. Regions as business locations are competing more and more for mobile and immobile resources. Regions need to understand and utilise their “knowledge” as a development resource in order to be able to develop themselves. The resource of “knowledge” is also becoming increasingly significant in regional politics. The “new regional policy” in Switzerland is treading new ground with the establishment of a “regional development knowledge management system” and considerable amounts of public funding are being invested in this scheme.

Knowledge as a resource in regional development

The economic and social development of regions is facing new challenges nowadays. European integration and extension, as well as the globalised climate/structure with regard to economics and decision-making, and globalised economic and decisionrelated coherencies are bringing about major changes. Regions as business locations are competing more and more for mobile and immobile resources. Regions need to understand and utilise their “knowledge” as a development resource in order to be able to develop themselves. The resource of “knowledge” is also becoming increasingly significant in regional politics. The “new regional policy” in Switzerland is treading new ground with the establishment of a “regional development knowledge management system” and considerable amounts of public funding are being invested in this scheme.

Quantitative Evaluation of Economic and Social Development of Lithuanian Regions

Many European countries are faced with the problem of regional disparities when the level of social and economic development of particular regions is dramatically different. This causes social conflicts. In developing the effective regional policy one of the most important conditions is the identification of the actual level of development of a region. This problem may be solved if economic, social. political, legislative, ecological and other factors influencing regional development are taken into consideration.For this purpose, a comprehensive system of criteria should be developed, with their subsequent integration into a unified criterion.In the present paper, a set of criteria for evaluating regional development based on practical expertise and theoretical analysis is suggested. They embrace economic, innovational. social and other aspects of development.The criteria reflecting economic and social development of a region are multidimensional and of opposite directivity, therefore. they are normalized in accordance with the aggregation technique used.

COMPARISON OF SPATIAL‐TEMPORAL REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN LITHUANIA

Description of urban development could be explained like common endeavors of society to coordinate economical growth and social progress, to save usage of nonrenewable resources without threat of ecological balance. In the light of the attitudes of sustainable development researchers have raised the purpose to determine the current situation and possibilities of sustainable development of regions in Lithuania. Sustainable urban and regional development is closely related with investment in tangible fixed assets as well as direct foreign investment. This paper describes an approach for recognition of investment information patterns and the main factors that have a distinct impact on investment. The proposed multivariate data analysis strategy allow to evaluate, forecast and establish the favorable conditions for investment and develop the strategies for cohesive development of regions. In this article we present the application of the model using a database of economic and social development of regions in Lithuania. Our approach effectively recovers the structure of investment and enables forecasting. The capability to evaluate measurable features, identify the main features, and quantify their relationship with number of investments in space and time makes this approach applicable for decision support system and for creating range system for evaluation potency of the towns and regions.

If You Try You Can Make It: Role of a Regional Centre in Developing Social Development Curricula for Social Work Education

The paper outlines the findings of the evaluation of an international project on social work and social development curricula, which was implemented by the Regional Social Development Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, with a network of social work educators across the Asia-Pacific region. By looking at processes and outcomes of the project, the network members have offered positive feedback and constructive suggestions. Based on this analysis the paper underscores the role of network centres dedicated to enhancing social work intervention with a social development perspective and argues in favour of developing regional centres with committed staff. Such centres have great potential to facilitate communication between social work schools, educators and practitioners, perhaps by acting as a central agent, for the development of social work schools and the profession in the region.

Health as an Investment

A THEORY of human capital is in the process of formulation. The primary question is "What is the contribution of changes in the quality of people to economic growth?" The academic economists first raised the question after their research showed that production in developed economies had been increasing much faster than could be explained by inputs of physical capital and additions to the labor force. But the wide interest which the question has aroused indicates much more than academic curiosity. It reflects the desires and aspirations of people throughout the world-people anxious to add weight to their demands for action against disease and illiteracy by showing that such action is not only humanitarian, but will make a major contribution to economic growth as well. Though research on the return to investment in people is barely getting started, even the most tentative conclusions have been widely quoted. Preliminary indications that the rate of return on investment in people is high have been seized upon in a growing number of countries as justification for in-

Capital Formation by Education

Capital Formation by Education