Regulations In Turkey Research Articles

CONFIDENTIALITY, REPRESENTATION AND EVIDENCE IN ADR IN EMPLOYMENT DISPUTES IN TURKEY AND THE UNITED KINGDOM

In the world, ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) methods are becoming increasingly popular because of a heavy caseload of tribunals/courts, and the resolution of individual employment disputes through ADR is part of this trend. However, there have always been concerns regarding the use of ADR for the resolution of employment disputes, particularly due to the potential power imbalance between the disputants. These concerns are mutual in the comparison countries of this research: the United Kingdom (UK), with its long and honourable history of ADR in individual employment disputes, and Turkey, which has recently started to employ ADR methods for these disputes. The concerns revolve around: (i) whether confidentiality acts as a ‘curtain’ that prevents stakeholders from assessing whether the procedure is justly managed or whether employees have been pressured to settle; (ii) whether representatives are accessible, whether there are providers of legal counsel for employment disputes, and whether the governments offer legal aid for individuals who cannot afford the cost of representation; (iii) the types of evidence that can be submitted in ADR processes and whether there is an enforcement mechanism in case of resistance to providing necessary documents for ADR meetings. Consequently, it must be highlighted that the same set of rules should not be applied to all kinds of disputes. Due to the potential power imbalances in employment disputes, necessary precautions must be taken to ensure access to justice. On this basis, this research illustrates how ADR regulations in Turkey and the UK should be adjusted to align with the unique structure of employment disputes.

Innovative transformation in finance: global and Turkish perspectives on crowdfunding

Purpose- The purpose of this article is to explore and analyze the transformative impact of crowdfunding, with a specific focus on the reward-based Fongogo crowdfunding platform in Turkey. The study aims to understand how crowdfunding disrupts traditional financing models, fosters collaboration and innovation, and contributes to financial inclusion for small businesses and startups. Additionally, the purpose involves comparing the project results of Fongogo with international examples to provide insights into Turkey's crowdfunding landscape. Methodology- The study employs a case study approach, focusing on the reward-based crowdfunding platform Fongogo. Data is collected and analyzed from the Fongogo platform in Turkey to gain insights into supporter dynamics, project success, and regional influences. Comparative analysis is conducted by comparing Fongogo's results with international crowdfunding examples. Additionally, literature on crowdfunding is reviewed to identify key success factors, such as project presentation, category, funding type, location, and team size Findings- The findings of the study reveal the diverse models and advantages of crowdfunding, emphasizing its transformative potential in the financial sector. Insights from Fongogo data shed light on supporter dynamics, the impact of project location, and the influence of technological literacy on crowdfunding success in Turkey. The comparative analysis with international examples provides a broader perspective on crowdfunding success factors, highlighting areas where Turkey's crowdfunding potential can be enhanced. Conclusion- In conclusion, the study advocates for the strategic positioning of crowdfunding as a vital financial tool in Turkey. The findings underscore the importance of user-friendly platforms, transparent operations, and effective communication by project owners. The impact of the new Crowdfunding Regulation in Turkey is discussed, acknowledging the need for further assessment as its implementation progresses. The study encourages leveraging the lessons learned from successful projects, both locally and internationally, to guide new initiatives and strengthen Turkey's crowdfunding ecosystem. Ultimately, the article aims to contribute insights to researchers, policymakers, and practitioners interested in the dynamic landscape of crowdfunding in Turkey and beyond. Keywords: Financial inclusion, reward-based crowdfunding, financial innovation, digital platforms JEL Codes: G23, L26, M13, O16, O35

Examination of front-of-packaged (FOP) labelling systems and nutrition-health statements on packaged foods in Türkiye

There is a growing trend worldwide towards greater awareness of food labelling systems in the fight against global challenges such as unhealthy nutrition and obesity. Nearly 30 governments have approved various front-of-package (FOP) labelling systems, and many countries plan to adopt them. However, since there is no legal regulation regarding FOP labelling systems in Türkiye, nutrition and health-related statements appear on many packaged food products. Although these statements enable consumers to make healthy food choices, they also have the potential to mislead consumers by supporting the perception that foods lacking essential nutritional components or containing potentially harmful substances are healthy. This study examined FOP labelling systems used worldwide, and nutrition and health-related statements on the front of 1336 packaged foods in 6 categories in Türkiye were analysed. Although it varies in each category, the most common expressions are generally recommended daily amount (%14.5), fat (%16), sugar (%9.9), vitamin-mineral (%5.1), and protein (%9.4). Additionally, salt (%0,9), vegan (%2), additive (%11.6) and fibre content (%6.8) information is also commonly declared. As a result, the implementation of effective labeling regulations in Turkey can enhance public health and mitigate the adverse effects of unhealthy nutrition on society.

Comparative Study of Polygamy Marriage Regulations in Turkey, Russia, and Jordan: a Priority Fiqh Perspective

Polygamy marriage has been an ongoing worldwide debate. The regulation of polygamy marriage in Turkey, Russia, and Jordan faces challenges in addressing the complexity of social issues. This article aims to explore and evaluate the polygamy marriage regulation in these three countries, from a social and fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) priority perspective. The fiqh priority perspective emphasizes the common good and prioritizes long-term benefits. The article outlines diverse views on polygamy, including arguments supporting polygamy as a solution to specific social problems, as well as the complex social implications of polygamous practices. Furthermore, a comparative study of polygamous regulation in Turkey, Russia, and Jordan reveals differences in approaches to governing polygamy and how it affects societies within different social, cultural, and religious contexts. Through an analysis of social perspectives and fiqh priority, this article provides a deeper understanding of the regulation of polygamous marriage in Turkey, Russia, and Jordan, along with considerations that need to be taken into account in addressing this issue.

Conservation as a Driving Force for the Sustainability of Yeşilburç Village Cultural Heritage Values

Historical environments and cultural assets, which are important components of these environments, carry values that are transferred from generation to generation and provide a link between the past and the present. Today, globalization and urbanization, which pose a significant threat to this invaluable heritage, also threaten rural settlements, where place-specific values are relatively better preserved than in urban centers. The protection of the heritage values of historical environments as a whole and the importance of protection have also been revealed by international treaties. This article focuses on Yeşilburç Village in Niğde Province, one of the villages built by Greeks migrating to Greece and later inhabited by Muslims migrating from Greece, following the forced migration agreement signed between the Turkish and Greek governments in 1924. Yeşilburç historical settlement was declared an urban conservation area in 2019, and a conservation plan is under construction in line with the current legal regulations in Turkey. In this study, it is claimed that the conservation works are a driving force and opportunity for the sustainability of the settlement, and the importance of the documentation studies carried out within the scope of the planning studies is emphasized. The data presented in this study is based on fieldwork and archival research conducted during the conservation planning process and assesses the challenges encountered in the process, the existing and potential values of the site, and the threats and opportunities that may hinder conservation. The key and triggering role of conservation and its potential resource quality is indispensable in maintaining the original values of the Yeşilburç settlement, which has a rich historical past, and new research will strengthen this situation.

LEGAL AND REGULATORY ISSUES OF ISLAMIC FINANCE IN TURKEY: A QUALITATIVE DISCUSSION

This study aims to explore issues related to Islamic financial regulations in Turkey through the use of semi-structured interviews. A total of 12 respondents were involved, including regulators, members of the Central Advisory Board (CAB), the Advisory Board of Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs), and managers from IFIs in Turkey. The results highlight consistent calls for the establishment of an act for the Participation finance industry. This act is seen as a means to ensure tax neutrality, reinforce norm hierarchy, prevent the imitation of conventional financial products, and mitigate Shari’ah non-compliance risk. Additionally, our empiricalfindings emphasise the importance of enhancing stakeholder engagement, clarifying roles, establishing a robust organizational structure, and enhancing transparency and independence for regulatory authorities. Improved regulatory governance is crucial for enhancing regulatory outcomes. Lastly, the study underscores the need for standardised guidelines for PFIs and emphasises the significance of their voluntary implementation.

Information Sharing among the Public Sector Organisations: An Evaluation of Policy and Legal Regulations in Turkey

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kamu sektöründe kurumlar arasındaki bilgi paylaşımının ve kamu sektörünün bilgi paylaşım süreçlerinin Türkiye’deki politika ve yasal düzenlemeler içindeki yeri ve sınırlılıklarına yönelik bir değerlendirmeyi ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda 1982-2021 yılları arasındaki döneme yönelik olarak Türkiye’de kamu sektörü bilgisinin paylaşımında uygulamaları belirleyen politika ve yasal düzenlemeler incelenmiştir. İncelenen politika ve yasal düzenleme metinlerindeki maddeler kurumlar arası bilgi paylaşımındaki unsurlara göre gruplanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Türkiye’de bilgi edinme süreçlerine yönelik yasal zemin 1982 Anayasası kapsamında oluşmaya başlamıştır. 2000 yılından sonra bilgi güvenliğinin sağlanması ve kişisel verilerin korunması çerçevesinde oluşturulan politika belgeleri ve yasal mevzuatta artış tespit edilmiştir. Türkiye’de son dönemde ise bilgi paylaşımının güvenli bir şekilde yapılması ve kişisel verilerin korunması ile ilgili uygulamaların geliştirilmesi ile ilgili çalışmalar hız kazanmıştır. Diğer yandan incelenen mevzuatta kurumlar arası bilgi paylaşımının finansman ve kaynak desteği ile ilgili konularının daha az yer aldığı anlaşılmıştır. Çalışmada ulaşılan sonuçlar, bilginin stratejik bir değer olarak görülmesine yönelik farkındalığın arttığını göstermiştir. Ancak bilgi paylaşımının usul ve esaslarını belirlemeye yönelik oluşturulan politika ve yasal mevzuatın uygulamada eksikliklerinin olduğunu göstermektedir. Türkiye’de tüm kamu kurumları arasında standart bir uygulama sağlayacak etkili ve sınırları hukuki olarak belirlenmiş bir politika metni veya bilgi paylaşım modeline ihtiyaç duyulduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma özgün değer olarak Türkiye’de kamu kurumları arasında bilgi paylaşımının kapsamını belirleyen yasal düzenleme ve politika belgelerindeki uygulamalara ilişkin bütüncül bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır.

Analysis of the Citizen's Charters Regulation in Turkey with Case Examples from the World

Kamu kurum ve kuruluşlarının hizmet üretiminde etkin ve verimli bir şekilde hareket etmeleri gerektiğini belirten yeni kamu yönetimi akımının kamu yönetimi disiplinine girmesiyle kamu politikaları da bu anlayış ile yeniden düzenlenmeye başlamıştır. Vatandaş odaklı yönetim olgusunun da yine bu dönem içinde gelişmeye başladığı söylenmektedir. Kamu yönetimlerince vatandaş odaklı yönetim düşüncesinin uygulanmasını sağlamak amacıyla birtakım şartlar geliştirilmiştir. Ülkeden ülkeye farklılık gösterse de yaygın biçimde Citizen Charter olarak adlandırılan bu şartlar Türkçe literatürde kamu hizmeti şartları/yurttaş şartları/ vatandaş şartları/vatandaş sözleşmesi gibi kavramlarla açıklanmaktadır. Türkiye’de 2009 yılında çıkarılan Kamu Hizmetlerinin Sunumunda Uyulacak Usul ve Esaslara İlişkin Yönetmelik ile bu şartların genel bir çerçevesi çizilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kamu hizmet şartlarının çeşitli ülke örnekleri üzerinden incelenerek uygulamadaki potansiyelinin belirlenmesidir. İçerik analizi yöntemi ile dünyadaki başarılı örnekler ele alınmış ve Türkiye’de pek de çalışılmayan bu alanın önemi yerli literatüre kazandırılmaya çalışılmıştır.

The impact of Turkey’s water resources development on the flow regime of the Tigris River in Iraq

Study regionOnce, the Tigris River (with its twin, the Euphrates) was the remarkable river in the west of Asia, making Mesopotamia a cradle of civilization thousands of years ago. Upstream anthropogenic activity has choked the Tigris River, the connecting lifeline across Iraq, and, due to droughts and desertification, caused the country to be plagued by poverty. Study focusHere, we give a perspective on flow regime alteration in the main corridor of the Tigris River at five crucial points (Cizre, Mosul, Baiji, Baghdad, and Kut) before and after the planned water resources development in Turkey. Turkey’s Tigris River regulation goal is to generate about 7247 GWh of energy and irrigate over 640,000 ha of farmlands. New hydrological insights for the regionWe reconstructed the natural flow along the Tigris River. In addition, to evaluate hydrological droughts, we proposed a modified streamflow drought index (MSDI) and compared it with the original streamflow drought index (SDI). The results show that the worst hydrological conditions could be found below the Samarra barrage in Iraq before the Tigris River regulation in Turkey. This negative hydrological condition will be extended to the whole corridor of the Tigris River in Iraq after the implementation of Turkey's goal. As a result, for example, Cizre and Mosul will experience extreme conditions in 37.5–87.5% of the years; this means a considerable reduction in the Mosul reservoire’s inflow (135–326 m3/sec). Consequently, some parts of Mosul's hydropower and reservoir capacity will be useless, and hydrological drought upstream of the Samarra barrage will be dominated.

Pharmacy Students' Knowledge and Attitudes about Homeopathy: A Descriptive Survey Conducted in Turkey.

Homeopathy belongs to "Traditional and Complementary Medicine" (TCM) and is defined in the TCM regulation in Turkey as a holistic practice method that aims to improve health status with personalized medicines. The international and national literature includes a limited number of studies that examine individuals' knowledge, attitudes and behaviors toward homeopathy. Although in Turkey the Regulation on Pharmacists and Pharmacies states that the sale of homeopathic medicines is allowed only in pharmacies, no study was found that evaluated awareness about homeopathy among pharmacy students. The present study aims to assess pharmacy students' knowledge and attitudes toward homeopathy and to identify the factors that influence them. This descriptive study was conducted between December 1, 2021 and February 1, 2022 among the students of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University (KTU), through a face-to-face survey. In total, 418 questionnaires suitable for data quality were included in the study. The SPSS 23.0 statistical program was used to analyze the data and the statistical significance level was taken as p < 0.05. It was determined that 73% of the participants had heard about TCM practices and 55% had heard of homeopathy. Students in the fifth grade (p = 0.0001) and those working in an income-generating job (p = 0.026) were found to be those most aware of homeopathy. The students of the Faculty of Pharmacy correctly knew the basic working principles of homeopathy (p = 0.002). The source from which students obtained the most information about homeopathy was undergraduate courses. 80.4% of the participants thought that homeopathy should be applied by pharmacists. 47.0% of the students wanted to learn more about homeopathy or to carry out studies in the field of homeopathy in their careers. The results of this research revealed a high awareness amongst KTU pharmacy students about the practice of homeopathy.

Physician perspectives on the DNR order in Turkey: A survey of physicians in Internal Medicine.

Do not resuscitate (DNR) is a controversial ethico-legal issue and there is no legal regulation in Turkey. Evaluating the physicians' views on DNR is critical to the current problems and contributes to legal regulation. To examine the views of intensive care unit residents on DNR and the sociocultural and occupational factors affecting them. The research is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample of the study consists of 203 residents of internal medicine working in the intensive care unit in a university hospital. A questionnaire form was used as a data collection tool. 62.6% of the physicians know that there is no legal regulation regarding DNR in Turkey, and 14.3% think that DNR is performed. Female physicians approve of DNR at a higher rate than men (p<0.01). Physicians with more experience in the profession stated that not all patients should be performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (p<0.01), and DNR should be a right (p<0.05). The vast majority of physicians stated that DNR should be legal (88.1%) and should be included in residency training (85.6%). It is necessary to establish legal regulations on DNR and implement residency training programs that will ensure the continuous professional development of physicians.

Acoustic and thermal performance evaluation of residence facades

The building envelope plays a critical role in providing acoustic and thermal comfort. However, in different environmental conditions such as different noise levels and climate, the design process becomes more complex. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of building envelope options in terms of acoustic and thermal performance. In this paper, it is desired to make a comparison of scenarios that meet the limit values of acoustic and thermal requirements recommended by the regulations in Turkey. Calculations have been made for a 4m x 4m bedroom with high sensitivity level affected by traffic noise in Istanbul. Simulations have been executed in condition for 30%,50% transparency ratio, with brick, aggregated concrete, and aerated concrete block opaque components, and double glazing, double laminated glazing transparent components. The sound insulation value of proposed facades DnT,A,tr (dB), and the total energy consumptions (heating and cooling) Q (kWh) have been calculated. The scenario set up with aggregated concrete block and double laminated glazing transparent component achieved high performance in terms of acoustic and thermal comfort conditions. This study shows that the importance of acoustic and thermal performance should be considered together for more effective building design in accordance with user needs.

Evaluation of the Current Situation of Hazardous Waste Management in Türkiye

Today, with the increasing industrialization, the formation of hazardous waste, which carries the risk of harming the environment and human health, has increased considerably. To prevent possible threats, an effective management including collection, transportation, recycling/recovery and disposal steps is necessary. This study aims to provide an overview and critical evaluation of Turkey's current hazardous waste management based on the analysis of industrial hazardous waste generation. In this context, i)the adequacy of legal regulations, ii)the amount of hazardous waste generated, and iii)the capacity adequacy of disposal facilities were investigated. From the results; The steps taken with the Basel Convention in 1994 in terms of legal regulations in Turkey accelerated with the EU acquis harmonization in the 2000s. It is seen that the legal regulations are sufficient but significant improvement is needed for practice. It is observed that both the data on the amount of hazardous waste production and the data on the capacity of disposal facilities are not reliable. When the reachable facility capacities and the declared hazardous waste amount are compared, the current capacity seems sufficient however, considering the expected amount of hazardous waste, these facilities would not be sufficient. It is hoped that the results obtained will guide decision makers and practitioners for hazardous waste management in Turkey.

Data-driven building energy benchmark modeling for bank branches under different climate conditions

Energy benchmarking in buildings is a significant analytical method to determine and classify the energy performance of buildings. The objective of the present paper is to establish a comprehensive data-driven energy benchmark model for banking buildings. In this context, 587 bank branches are selected to cover every climatic region in Turkey, with more than 210,000 data obtained from the installed energy analyzers and building energy audits. A mathematical model is developed and verified to define the EUI of the existing bank branches. Calculated energy scores and benchmark study implied an energy efficiency potential across the sector. Investigating the results of underperforming buildings, the building shell and construction date are found to be significant. As results indicated an efficiency potential, a scenario-based energy benchmark model is proposed based on the new insulation regulations in Turkey to see the possible energy consumption and carbon gas emission reductions. The developed model is adapted to the scenario-based model by revising U-values concerning the regulation and climate zones. The scenario-based strategy has led to a 2136.7 MWh/year reduction in energy consumption. The total EUI was found to decrease from 159.44 to 124.35 kWh/m2year, also resulting in a 20.5% improvement equal to 2057.3 equivalent tons of CO2/year in annual GHG emissions with the application of new regulations.

Farmers’ opinion about Syrian workers in agricultural sector in Turkey: Case study of Gaziantep

Due to the Syrian Civil War, many Syrians have had to flee their country and seek refuge in neighbouring countries, and they face a great deal of financial and social problems in their new countries of residence. Problems such as language barriers and hostility from the host community make it difficult for refugees to integrate into the countries which took them in, and the fact that they must become a part of the work force as a matter of priority to meet their daily needs means that they often work unskilled jobs for low wages and are not registered in any official systems. The structural properties of the agricultural sector means that it is one of the most popular work areas for Syrian migrants. This study aims to evaluate the circumstances of Syrian individuals under temporary protection status in Turkey in the agricultural sector from the perspective of farmers. To this end, a survey was conducted with 395 farmers working in the agricultural sector in the province of Gaziantep. According to the findings of the research, 61.5% of agricultural businesses in Gaziantep employ Syrian refugees. The main reason for farmers opting to employ Syrian workers under temporary protection order is low wages (78.8%). 82.9% of Syrian refugees work only during harvesting season. 92.4% work both harvesting and hoeing, while 79.2% of business owners state that employing refugees allows them to decreased their production costs. Despite the presence of legal regulations in Turkey outlining how refugees can become a part of the labour force, these haven’t prevented the prevalence of off-the-books employment. Making the necessary amendments to legal regulations regarding seasonal workers in the agricultural sector would benefit both local workers and Syrian refugees. Additionally, legislation regarding salaries would improve the living standards of refugee workers and increase their motivation to work, thus improve productivity in agricultural products.

A Review of Complex Geometric High Rise Buildings According to TBDY 2018: The Case of Çamlıca Hill TV and Radio Tower

Deprem yönetmelikleri, yapıların deprem etkisi altında performanslarının değerlendirilmesi ve güçlendirilmesi için belirlenmiş kurallardır. Bu kurallardan yoksun tasarlanan yapıların dayanımlarının ne derece güçlü oldukları tartışma konusudur. Yanal yükler altında hassas davranışlar sergileyen yüksek yapılar bu bağlamda ön plana çıkmaktadır. Özellikle organik formlara sahip ya da fraktal geometrilerden türetilmiş olan (kompleks geometrili) yüksek yapılar için bu durum daha fazla dikkat edilmesi gereken bir konudur. Türkiye’de deprem yönetmeliklerine bakıldığında yüksek yapılara özel kuralların 2018 yılına kadar yönetmeliklerde bulunmadığı görülmektedir. Buna rağmen ülkemizde 2010 yılından itibaren 50 kat ve üzerinde farklı geometrilerde birçok yüksek yapının inşa edildiği görülmektedir. Üstelik bu yapıların çoğu deprem riski bölgelerinden birisi olan İstanbul’da bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada 2018 yılı öncesi inşasına başlanmış olan kompleks geometrili İstanbul Küçük Çamlıca Tepesi TV ve Radyo Kulesi örnek alınarak TBDY’nin 2018’de eklenen yeni kuralları ve sağlık izleme sistemi yönergesi üzerinden incelemeleri yapılmıştır. Bu değerlendirme aşamasında ilk olarak TBDY2018’den alınan düzensizlik tanımlarının hangi faktörler sonucu meydana gelebileceği ve buna karşı hangi önlemlerin alınabileceği sunulmuştur. Daha sonra bu faktörlerin örnek yapı üzerinde var olup olmadığı tespit edilerek, yapının mevcut yönetmeliğe uygunluğu tartışılmıştır. Kurallar ile uyumsuz olan uygulama tercihlerinde ise düzensizliklere karşı önlem alınıp alınmadığı incelenmiştir. İkinci etapta yönetmelik gereğince yüksek yapılarda şart koşulan yapı sağlığı izleme sisteminin yönerge kapsamı sunularak hangi maddeler ile yüksek yapıların incelenmesi gerektiği ortaya konmuştur. Daha sonra Çamlıca Tepesi TV ve Radyo Kulesi üzerinden bu kurallar doğrultusunda nasıl yaklaşım gösterilmesi gerektiğine dair örnek bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Yapılan değerlendirmelerde 2018 yönetmeliğine yeni eklenen sağlık izleme sistemi yönergesi kurallarının kompleks geometrili yapılar için hayati önem taşıdığı ve rüzgâr unsurunun yönetmeliklerde yeteri düzeyde bulundurulmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; mimari tasarım ve yönetmelik kavramlarının uyumsuz düştüğü noktalara örnekler vererek rijit ve estetik değere sahip yapı tasarımları için farkındalık yaratmak ve sağlık izleme sisteminin tasarımda bir faktör olarak değerlendirilmesini teşvik ederek literatüre katkı sağlamaktır.

Rethinking de facto autonomy? A multi‐policy area approach and the regulatory policy process

AbstractWe examine de facto autonomy across regulatory agencies and policy sectors. Yet not much is known whether, how and why de facto autonomy could vary across policy areas within the same policy sector. This article demonstrates the existence of such variation and suggests that this variation depends on the interplay between stakeholders' diverging (or overlapping) policy preferences, deficient (or superior) organizational policy capacity, and institutional arrangements leading to enabled (or constrained) de facto autonomy. Relying on elite interviews and secondary resources, this study builds on an illustrative study on bank regulation in Turkey in the post‐GFC period and presents a nuanced understanding of de facto autonomy: a multi‐policy area approach to de facto autonomy that allows us to examine variation in de facto autonomy across policy areas, the determinants of the variation, and whether de facto autonomy is constrained or enabled, which structures the regulatory policy process.

How parents assist children's emotion regulation in Turkey: The Turkish adaptation of the parental assistance with child emotion regulation (PACER) questionnaire.

Parents play a critical role in emotional socialization and the development of emotion regulation during childhood. The tools to measure how parents assist children's emotion regulation are very limited. The Parental Assistance with Child Emotion Regulation (PACER) Questionnaire is a novel scale developed for this purpose with excellent psychometric properties. The aim of this study is to adapt the PACER to Turkish and investigate its psychometric properties in the Turkish cultural setting. The data were collected from 700 parents who have children aged birth to 17 years. In addition to the PACER, participants filled out some scales about their own beliefs and behaviors, also their children's psychological symptoms. We confirmed the original ten-factor structures of the PACER in a Turkish sample and the measurement invariance supported the PACER's structure across subgroups. The high internal consistencies of factors were achieved; however, the test-retest reliability was lower than expected. The factors of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (e.g., rumination, expressive suppression, avoidance) were positively associated with parents' own emotion regulation deficit, symptoms, and child's symptoms, while others (e.g., reappraisal, problem-solving) were negatively associated with them. Overall, our results suggest that the Turkish version of the PACER is a psychometrically valid and reliable measurement to assess how parents support their children to regulate their emotions. We believe that this adaptation allows the scale to be used in developmental and clinical psychology studies and will pave the way for cross-cultural studies.

Yüksek Binaların Tahliye Etkinliğinin İncelenmesi: Gaziantep Ek Adliye Binası Örneği

Binaların tahliye analizinde en gerçekçi metot tahliye tatbikatlarıdır. Fakat bu metot özellikle yüksek kullanıcı yüküne sahip binalarda bazı fiziki riskler taşımaktadır. Gelişen teknolojiyle birlikte bilgisayar tabanlı benzetim çalışmaları, birçok alanda olduğu gibi tahliye analizlerinde de geniş yer almaya başlamıştır. Bu makalede, ön tanımlı metotla test edilmiş ve onaylanmış olan ve Türkiye İmar Yönetmeliğine göre yüksek yapı sınıfında bulunan Gaziantep Ek Adliye Binasının tahliye etkinliği incelenmiştir. Benzetim modelleri oluşturulurken kullanılan metotlardan ön tanımlı ve performans tabanlı metotları inceleyen bu çalışmada, Gaziantep Ek Adliye Binası, performans tabanlı modele göre ve uluslararası tanımlara göre, Pathfinder benzetim programıyla test edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre binanın, National Fire Protection Association tarafından belirlenen kullanıcı yüküne göre 45 dk 35 sn’de, yazarlar tarafından binanın normal bir gündeki normal yüküne yönelik oluşturulan tahmini kullanıcı yüküne göre ise 18 dk 50 sn’de tahliye edildiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca yüksek binaların tasarımında etkin tahliyeye izin verecek tasarım detaylarından bahsedilmiştir.

Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Meslek Yüksek Okulları, Mühendislik ve Teknoloji Fakülteleri Akademisyenlerinin Elektronik Atıklar ve Bu Atıkların İnsan ve Çevre Sağlığına Etkileri Hakkındaki Bilgi Düzeyleri ve Düşünceleri

The useful life of electrical and electronic devices is rapidly ending, there is a rapid transition to new products, and a new type of waste known as electronic waste (e-waste) emerges. The aim of this study was to examine the knowledge and opinions of academics concerning e-waste regulations in Turkey and the effects of e-waste on human and environmental health. This study involved 267 academics working at Karadeniz Technical University. An online questionnaire consisting of 50 questions was used for data collection. The Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, Pearson chi-square, Fisher's Exact test, and Spearman correlation were used for statistical analysis. Analysis showed that 45.3% of the participants reported not paying attention to the recycling, with 90.1% of those being unaware of the procedures involved. Only 4.9% of the participants had received education concerning e-waste. Participants who had received such education registered significantly higher mean total knowledge scores concerning e-waste regulations and the effects of e-waste on human and environmental health than those with no such education (p&amp;lt;0.001). Mean total knowledge scores were significantly higher among participants who paid attention to the recycling (p&amp;lt;0.001). Few participants have received education on e-waste, about half of them don’t pay attention to recycling and a large part of those who don’t pay attention are unaware of the relevant procedures. The high mean of knowledge scores among participants who paid attention to e-waste and contributed to recycling reveals the importance of policies and education programs aimed at increasing individual awareness and producing desired behaviors. Keywords: Electronic waste, environmental health, public health, recycling.