Regularities Of Distribution Research Articles

An Online Fairness-Aware Task Planning Approach for Spatial Crowdsourcing

Spatial crowdsourcing, a human-centric paradigm for performing spatial tasks, has drawn rising attention. Task assignment and worker scheduling are basic issues in spatial crowdsourcing, which has a high demand on the timeliness of tasks and fairness among workers. In this paper, we propose Utility-Fairness Index to evaluate the performance of the crowdsourcing platform and introduce the Fairness-Aware Task Planning problem that maximizes the utility while well-maintaining fairness during task assignment. We prove that its offline version is NP-hard, and clarify that there is no deterministic online algorithm with a constant competitive ratio for it. Two greedy-based online algorithms, Traversal Search and Advanced Nearest Neighbor are designed to solve the problem. We make optimization on running time with recurrence method to reach linear complexity, and use Gaussian Mixture Model to reveal the distribution regularity of tasks in these algorithms. Experiments on both synthetic and real datasets validate the efficiency and effectiveness of our algorithms.

Selection of optimal structure of an energy-supply system for objects in an agro-industrial complex based on renewable-energy sources

This study considers the issues in constructing optimal systems for autonomous energy supply to objects in an agro-industrial complex using renewable-energy sources (RESs). The regularities of distribution of the zones for optimal use of solar, wind, hydraulic, and integrated power plants are revealed by comparing their operational and economic indicators. To determine the zones of optimal use of various RESs types, a systematic approach is employed, which allows conducting a comprehensive analysis of the object, strictly systematizing of research, and performing synthesis, i.e., finding the optimal system under given conditions. The level of functional and structural perfection of the systems is considered by evaluating their internal characteristics through a functional and structural approach using structural, functional, and functional–structural descriptions of the systems where each system generates the corresponding model types. Synthesis of the optimal structure of a renewable energy supply system (RESs) is carried out based on the operating conditions and consumer power consumption according to an “efficiency–cost” criterion, an integral-quality indicator, a complex efficiency criterion, and private indicators of the quality and cost of the systems. An algorithm and a calculation program are developed that allows determining the optimal structure of autonomous RESs under specific cases and restrictions. The developed recommendations on the choice of an optimal system for autonomous power supply using RESs under Kazakhstan conditions provide practical importance because they can potentially minimize errors in the choice of RESs types during the design stage.

Characteristics, causes and significance of subsurface stress field of Beijing earth fissures group

The development of earth fissures in a certain area often has certain genetic correlations, which is called ‘group-developing phenomenon’ of earth fissures. So far, 41 earth fissures have developed in the Beijing area in the North China Plain. Surveys and exploration studies have shown that these earth fissures have a good correspondence relationship with the activities of the adjacent control faults. Accordingly, they can be divided into 9 zones. The mechanical analysis of these fissures groups reveals that they are roughly formed through 3 models, namely, ‘contemporaneous model’ (dip-slipping movement), ‘secondary model’ (strike-slipping movement) and ‘companion model’ (basin extension movement). The characteristics of this type (fault-controlled) earth fissures in combination with their distribution regularities in the area can be used to indicate that the distribution of subsurface tectonic stress fields is as a whole an extension of the NW-SE-trending, which is not completely consistent with the near E-W-trending extension of deep material migration. These analyses show that under the background of extensional deformation of the basin, the subsurface stress field characteristics of superficial formations are more complex, which not only embodies the movement form (unity) of the deep structure in whole, but also partially reflects the adjustability of the regional tectonic stress field.

Numerical simulation on JAG-type corrugated plate flow heat transfer characteristics considering physical property changes and shell heat transfer

This research considers the combined effects of changes in fluid properties and shell heat transfer. The realizable k-epsilon turbulence model combined with the enhanced wall function is used to numerically simulate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a new plate-shell heat exchanger plate side, which was verified to be accurate in combination with previous research results. Focus was placed on the analysis concerning the flow heat transfer characteristics for different corrugation depths at different inlet velocities. It was found that increasing the corrugation depth can make the fluid distribution tends to be uniform heat transfer performance increases, but the increase in velocity will have the opposite effect on the heat transfer performance. Furthermore, field synergy theory reveals the synergistic distribution regularities of the velocity field with the temperature field and pressure field. Consecutive vortex structures are formed along the grooves, and the flow in the core region of the corrugated channels is similar to the heat flow, reducing the synergistic ability among the three fields makes the heat transfer less effective. These findings contribute to understanding heat transfer in similar scenarios, especially in energy engineering and thermal management.

Profile distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal soils of the Lower Don and Taganrog Bay, Russia

The main regularities of pollutant distribution through the soil profile were established based on the analysis of the content of 15 priority PAHs in 29 soil sections of different soil types located in the coastal zone of the Lower Don and Taganrog Bay with different anthropogenic loads. It was shown that the total content of PAHs in the 0-20 cm layer of soils of coastal territories varies from 172 µg kg-1 to 16006 µg kg-1. In addition, according to the total pollution indicator, (Zc) determines the level of soil pollution, which varies from "not polluted" to "extremely polluted". The influence of pollution sources falls on the 0-20 cm layer of soils of different types and is especially pronounced for subordinate landscapes. With increasing sampling depth, the total PAH content decreases with the redistribution of individual compounds of the PAH group towards the dominance of low molecular weight and 4-ring compounds in the composition of the sum of 15 PAHs and depends largely on the content of organic matter and soil pH. Based on the cluster analysis results, the main factor determining the profile distribution of PAHs is the type of pollutant origin source and its intensity.

Regularity of Distributions of Sobolev Mappings in Abstract Settings

Regularity of Distributions of Sobolev Mappings in Abstract Settings

DR-GAN: Distribution Regularization for Text-to-Image Generation.

This article presents a new text-to-image (T2I) generation model, named distribution regularization generative adversarial network (DR-GAN), to generate images from text descriptions from improved distribution learning. In DR-GAN, we introduce two novel modules: a semantic disentangling module (SDM) and a distribution normalization module (DNM). SDM combines the spatial self-attention mechanism (SSAM) and a new semantic disentangling loss (SDL) to help the generator distill key semantic information for the image generation. DNM uses a variational auto-encoder (VAE) to normalize and denoise the image latent distribution, which can help the discriminator better distinguish synthesized images from real images. DNM also adopts a distribution adversarial loss (DAL) to guide the generator to align with normalized real image distributions in the latent space. Extensive experiments on two public datasets demonstrated that our DR-GAN achieved a competitive performance in the T2I task. The code link: https://github.com/Tan-H-C/DR-GAN-Distribution-Regularization-for-Text-to-Image-Generation.

Earlier stage, higher temperature, and deeper space facilitate indium precipitation in a skarn system, as exemplified by the Baoshan Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, South China

Indium (In), one of the strategic critical metal elements, is preferred to be enriched in the skarn system, but the enrichment regularity in terms of temporal and spatial distribution in a specific skarn Pb-Zn deposit remains unclear. To address the problem, we conducted a systematic geological, mineralogical, and trace element geochemical investigation on the Baoshan In-rich Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, Hunan Province. This deposit is situated in the central part of the famous Nanling W-Sn-Pb-Zn polymetallic metallogeny belt, South China. Three ore districts in the Baoshan deposit with distinct economic element associations are divided, including the Central District (dominated by Cu-Mo), West District (dominated by Pb-Zn), and North District (dominated by Pb-Zn). They comprise a typical skarn system, including the outcropped granodiorite porphyry, typical skarn mineral assemblages, and Pb-Zn-hosting Carboniferous limestone. We systematically sampled the representative Pb-Zn ores in two ore districts (West and North) and three underground levels (-270 m, −230 m, and −190 m). Four types of sphalerites with different mineral associations and mineralogical characteristics were identified, that is, Sp1a and Sp1b (formed in the early sulfide stage), as well as Sp2a and Sp2b (formed in the late sulfide stage). Our EPMA (Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer) and LA-ICP-MS (Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer) analyses reveal the four types of sphalerite have distinct chemical compositions. Such as, the mean value of indium is 3524 ppm for Sp1a, 142 ppm for Sp1b, 48.03 ppm for Sp2a, and 87.98 ppm for Sp2b in a decreasing order, and a similar trend of calculated temperatures ranging from 336 to 135 °C using GGIMFis thermometers can be obtained. Further LA-ICP-MS trace elements mapping show that the core of Sp1a is relatively enriched in more In, Cu, Sn, and Ag contents. Spatially, the sphalerites in the deep contain a higher indium content (mean = 1581 ppm) than those in the shallow (107.20 ppm) in the vertical profile. In the planar, indium is more enriched in the West District (mean = 1090 ppm) than in the North District (60.92 ppm). The indium distribution regularity reflects that the metals-carrying magmatic hydrothermal fluids flow from Central District, through the West District, to the North District. Collectively, we conclude that indium prefers to be enriched in the earlier stages, higher temperature, and deeper space during the sphalerite crystallization in the Baoshan skarn system, and therefore highlight the deep space of Baoshan West District is a promising target for indium exploration. This new finding maybe shed light on the scientific understanding on indium enrichment and associated exploration strategies in the similar skarn Pb-Zn metallogenic systems.

Research on the coupled hazardous zones of coal self-ignition and CH4 blast in goaf during upward mining

During upward mining in coal mines, the gas in the lower goaf can flow to the upper goaf along the through fractures between the coal seams, which affects the distribution of the flow field such as the oxygen concentration and the gas concentration in the upper goaf. This paper explores the changes in the distribution regularity of the self-ignition zone in the goaf and the region coupled with the gas explosion range by comparing it with single-seam mining, taking the upward mining of a coal mine in Shanxi Province as an example. In this study, PFC2D software is used to simulate the range and voidage ratio of the first through fissure between close coal seams during up-mining. Then the distribution laws which of self-ignition zones and CH4 explosion ranges in the goaf under the two types of mining methods were compared and analysed using Fluent. Finally, according to the degree of overlapping between the self-ignition zone and CH4 explosion range, the distribution law of the two hazardous coexistence zones in the goaf was analysed. The research results are important for rapid identification and prevention of the above disaster areas.

Snow Load Shape Coefficients and Snow Prevention Method for Stepped Flat Roofs

Excessive snow load and nonuniform snow deposition are the main factors leading to building collapses. The snow load shape coefficient represents the dimensionless snow load, and its value is related to the unbalanced distribution of snow. The snow load shape coefficients for stepped flat roofs vary greatly in the codes of different regions, which always leads to underestimation of snow loads. We need a widely used standard for snow load shape coefficients. Therefore, through a combination of field measurements and numerical simulations, this study probes the snow accumulation processes and snow load shape coefficients on stepped flat roofs and proposes an equation to calculate snow load shape coefficients and the optimal slope of snow protection for lower roofs. It is found that the maximum snow load shape coefficient emerges at the roof junction with a value of 3.44. The nonuniform length of the snow accumulation is equal to two times the level difference. Based on these, the equation of the snow load shape coefficients is summarized, which is combined with the discrepancies between different codes and the regularity of snow distributions. In this study, the dynamic grid technology under the Eulerian framework is used to successfully predict snow accumulation on stepped flat roofs, and it is noted that snow erosion and deposition are closely related to the location and size of vortexes. Finally, we consider that the ideal slope for the lower roof to prevent snow should be 11°.

ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ ОСНОВНЫХ КОМПОНЕНТОВ И ТИПОВ ПОРОД БАЖЕНОВСКОЙ СВИТЫ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ

The distribution regularities of the main components and types of rocks of the Bazhenov Formation are investigated. It is one of the largest black shale formations in the world. The results of the lithological and geochemical study revealed that the brittlest rocks of the formation are widely distributed in the Central region and are considered as potential reservoirs: siliceous mudstones, kerogenic siliceous mudstones, carbonated radiolarites (limestones and dolomites). In the South-Eastern region, thicknesses of silicites are noticeably reduced; kerogen-clay-siliceous mudstones (similar in silica content to siliceous mudstones) prevail, which are also reservoirs in a number of areas. These types of rocks are practically not typical for the Northern and Southern regions. Detailed distribution maps of the main components of rocks for the lower, middle and upper parts, as well as for the Formation as a whole, were constructed. It was revealed that the highest concentrations of siliceous material are observed in the lower and to a lesser extent in the middle parts of the Bazhenov Formation section in the Central region. By the nature of distribution, composition and thickness of potential reservoirs, the Central region can be considered as a highly promising region in terms of development for hydrocarbon raw materials, the South-Eastern is medium-promising one, the Northern and Southern are low-promising ones.

Development and properties of bio-based rice oil microcapsule and its dispersibility in emulsified asphalt

To develop a new bio-based rice oil microcapsule for the self-healing of emulsified asphalt, rice oil and melamine formaldehyde (MF) resin were utilized as core and wall materials, respectively, preparing rice oil-melamine formaldehyde resin (ROMF) microcapsule. Then its morphology, particle size distribution, encapsulating status, thermal stability, micromechanical properties and dispersity in emulsified asphalt was studied. The results show that the prepared microcapsules show regular 2–10 μm spherical shapes, following a normal distribution. The microcapsule surface has a large roughness, promoting a close combination with emulsified asphalt. Also, during the synthesis of microcapsules, the methylene is generated and the condensation reaction occurs on rice oil droplet surface, proving that core material of rice oil is successfully encapsulated by MF resin. The microcapsules exhibit excellent thermal stability. Further, the distribution regularities of adhesion force and Young's modulus on microcapsule surface are closely correlated with the particle sizes and thickness of MF resin. The Young's modulus of microcapsule surface is improved with the thickness increase of wall material. Finally, the microcapsule at the dosage of 5 % exhibits the best dispersibility in emulsified asphalt and a clear core–shell structure is observed. The proposed dosage of ROMF microcapsules used in emulsified asphalt is 5 %.

River Habitat Survey: Does This Help to Explain the Nature of Water Mite (Acari and Hydrachnidia) Assemblages?

In the European Union, assessments of the quality of the aquatic environment based on aquatic invertebrates are mandatory. Biological methods are supplemented with hydromorphological assessments of watercourses. There are many studies analysing the relationships between aquatic invertebrates and the hydromorphological assessment of the environment by the River Habitat Survey (RHS) method, but thus far, there has been no detailed study including water mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia) and the application of this method. In the present study, the following research hypothesis was put forth: a hydromorphological characterization of habitats is a significant element explaining the nature of water mite communities, and the RHS method can be used to predict the characteristics of Hydrachnidia populations in a river. The research was carried out in a small lowland river, the River Krąpiel (north-western Poland). Six locations were selected as representative of some state of habitat modification for the assessment of the hydromorphological conditions of the river and the collection of biological samples. The following conclusions can be drawn from the research: (1) the biology and ecology of water mites make them suitable as bioindicators of the environment, including hydromorphological modifications, and (2) the hydromorphological characteristics of habitats explain the nature of water mite communities in the river at the level of general population parameters (number of specimens and species), while at the species level, general regularities in water mite fauna distribution in river ecosystems, the continuity of the river ecosystem, and characteristics at a smaller spatial scale (habitat scale) better explain water mite community structure than the hydromorphological indices determined for a given site or section of the river.

Unsupervised person re-identification based on distribution regularization constrained asymmetric metric learning

Unsupervised person re-identification based on distribution regularization constrained asymmetric metric learning

Mining tourist preferences and decision support via tourism-oriented knowledge graph

Currently, tourism management research is focused on comprehending the fluctuating tourist preferences and devising targeted development strategies through extensive analysis of heterogenous user-generated contents. However, given the online reviews of attractions involve overabundant mixed and intangible dimensions, the widely-used unsupervised text mining could be incomplete or inaccurate. Furthermore, the existing literature typically restricted to the certain types of attractions within several tourist destinations and origins, can hardly guarantee comprehensive insights. To overcome these limitations, the study proposes a novel knowledge-graph-driven framework, involving the systematic construction as well as the thorough investigation and inference of a tourism-oriented knowledge graph (TKG). Following the ontology of domain expertise, 11,296,716 structured triplets of multifaceted knowledge about 1,174,034 tourists and 20,481 attractions within all 340 city-level destinations across China are extracted from multi-source text corpus by the transferring learning on pre-training language model with 43.64–50.65 % accuracy enhancement. In virtue of TKG, a comprehensive decision-support system can be established, which bifurcates into two distinct modes of knowledge application: symbolic query and distributed reasoning. Through the implementation of multiple spatiotemporal analyses via SPARQL queries on TKG, the distribution regularities of tourist preference, causal interpretations, and their effects on destination development can be progressively detected. Refining the distributed representations of objects by injecting abundant contextual knowledge from TKG can significantly enhance the downstream inferential tasks, such as tourist demand prediction and attraction competitive intelligence.

Statistical learning at a virtual cocktail party

Statistical learning – the ability to extract distributional regularities from input – is suggested to be key to language acquisition. Yet, evidence for the human capacity for statistical learning comes mainly from studies conducted in carefully controlled settings without auditory distraction. While such conditions permit careful examination of learning, they do not reflect the naturalistic language learning experience, which is replete with auditory distraction – including competing talkers. Here, we examine how statistical language learning proceeds in a virtual cocktail party environment, where the to-be-learned input is presented alongside a competing speech stream with its own distributional regularities. During exposure, participants in the Dual Talker group concurrently heard two novel languages, one produced by a female talker and one by a male talker, with each talker virtually positioned at opposite sides of the listener (left/right) using binaural acoustic manipulations. Selective attention was manipulated by instructing participants to attend to only one of the two talkers. At test, participants were asked to distinguish words from part-words for both the attended and the unattended languages. Results indicated that participants’ accuracy was significantly higher for trials from the attended vs. unattended language. Further, the performance of this Dual Talker group was no different compared to a control group who heard only one language from a single talker (Single Talker group). We thus conclude that statistical learning is modulated by selective attention, being relatively robust against the additional cognitive load provided by competing speech, emphasizing its efficiency in naturalistic language learning situations.

Multifractal Characteristics of Uranium Grade Distribution and Spatial Regularities in a Sandstone-Type Uranium Deposit in Xinjiang, China

Based on an analysis of the spatial distribution of uranium grade in 338 boreholes of a uranium deposit in Xinjiang, the enrichment and spatial variation of uranium ore in two stopes of the deposit are discussed using multifractal theory. The distribution characteristics of the uranium ore of the two stopes are studied by multifractal parameters: the scaling exponent of mass τ(q), the scaling exponent α(q) of each sub-set and its corresponding fractal dimension f(α), the fractal dimension D0 and information dimension D1. The differences of uranium distribution in the two stopes can be quantified well by using multifractal spectrum and multifractal parameters such as Δα, Δf and R. After a comprehensive multifractal distribution analysis, 10 m × 10 m is defined as a fence unit, and the window sizes ε=3,6,9⋯,45 are set; the singularity exponents α of the two stopes are calculated by using this element concentration–area method. The results show that the multifractal theory and model can organically combine spatial structure information, scale change information and anisotropy information to obtain low-grade and weak mineral resources information and can effectively distinguish complex and superimposed anomalies. This will provide a basis for the local concentration and spatial variation rules of uranium distribution and the design of the parameters of the leaching uranium mining well site.

Distinguishing of areas for conducting the GDP (GMM)-200 for gold, based on the compilation and analysis of the distribution regularities and forecast maps for the black-shale and epithermal type large-volume gold deposits of the Russian Federation at scale 1:2 500 000

The article is devoted to problems of distinguishing the areas for conducting the GDP (GMM)-200 oriented for the black-shale and epithermal type large-volume gold deposits. The approach is based on compilation of the distribution regularity and forecast maps of the Russian Federation at a scale of 1:2 500 000, specialized for these gold deposits, and their analysis. Regional forecast criteria of the gold ore objects and the character of their manifestation over the territory of the Russian Federation are considered. Recommendations are given for setting up the GDP (GMM)-200 programs for map sheets favorable for localization of areas promising for revealing the large-volume black shale and epithermal gold deposits. The forecasted resources of gold and silver of the Far Eastern Federal District and the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are presented.

Complex extraction of rare earth elements from nitrate solutions with a tri-n-octylamine-octanoic acid bifunctional ionic liquid

In this work, a new hydrophobic bifunctional ionic liquid based on tri-n-octylamine and octanoic acid was synthesised and a physicochemical characterisation was performed on it. The extraction of a series of rare earth elements (Y, Eu, Gd, Tb) (REEs) from aqueous nitrate solutions in a system containing the resulting ionic liquid was studied. Extraction isotherms were obtained and regularities of the interphase distribution of REEs were determined as a function of extraction process time, NaNO3 concentration, the pH of the aqueous phase, the concentration of the ionic liquid in the system, the volume ratio, and temperature of the process. It was shown that the extraction of REEs nitrates by the ionic liquid based on tri-n-octylamine and octanoic acid occurred in accordance with the mechanism of binary extraction of salts with the formation of two extractable compounds in the organic phase. In addition, this IL has been shown to exhibit excellent reusability.

Особенности пространственного распределения 137Cs, 40K, 226Ra, 232Th в почвах города Кировска (Мурманская область)

The article presents the results of a study of soils in the city of Kirovsk. The purpose of the work is to establish the main regularities of the spatial distribution of natural and technogenic radionuclides in the urban soils of Kirovsk. To achieve this goal, soil samples were taken in all parts of the city. The following methods were used in the course of expeditionary work and laboratory research: soil, radiological, mathematical and statistical. The values of specific activity in samples of urban soils were: for technogenic 137Cs (from 3 to 48.3 Bq/kg), for natural radionuclides: 226Ra (from 11.8 to 44.2 Bq/kg), 232Th (from 9.8 to 34.8 Bq/kg), 40K (from 232.2 to 2086 Bq/kg). The values of the effective specific activity of natural radionuclides in urban soil samples ranged from 47 to 277 Bq/kg and 137Cs from 3.2 to 48.3 Bq/kg.