Regular Phenomenon Research Articles

Definable Regularity Lemmas for Nip Hypergraphs

Abstract We present a systematic study of the regularity phenomena for NIP hypergraphs and connections to the theory of (locally) generically stable measures, providing a model-theoretic hypergraph version of the results of Alon-Fischer-Newman and Lov\'asz-Szegedy for graphs of bounded VC-dimension. We also consider the two extremal cases of regularity for stable and distal hypergraphs, improving and generalizing the corresponding results for graphs in the literature. Finally, we consider a related question of the existence of large (approximately) homogeneous definable subsets of NIP hypergraphs and provide some positive results and counterexamples, in particular for graphs definable in the p-adics.

Flood is blessing for fish production in natural fisheries: An explorative study in the fishermen of Brahmaputra and Barak valley of Assam

Floods are a very regular phenomenon in Assam annually. The state gets a lot of downpour in the rainy season. Subsequently every one of the enormous water ways, beels, low lying zones and lakes are loaded up with water. Flood is a fundamental for fish creation in the natural fisheries in Assam. The fisheries of Assam get covered in the government authorized Natural River and Beel fisheries of Sivasagar, Nagaon and Cachar locale of Assam. The three regions are chosen based on geographical set up, huge quantities of enrolled fisheries and huge measures of income and homogenous nature of fishermen. Fisheries are a very good source of employment for the rural people of Assam. The only money needed in this system is in fish activities, not for increasing the fish production fairs greatly without intervention. Moreover, co-operative groups, NGOs, self help groups are thought to be prominent helpers of the fishing community. Also, flood seems to be a blessing for Assam’s fish production. The aim of the paper is to inspect the main drivers of expanding fish profitability in the regular fisheries in Brahmaputra and Barak valley during the time of flood in the state and the study the government measures for increasing fish productivity in the state. The paper also aims to find out how much impact can government measures generate in the enhance system of fish production in the state and how effective can it be. Therefore, the study is explorative in nature.

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ, ОСОБЕННОСТИ И ФУНКЦИИ ФЕНОМЕНА КОММУНИКАЦИИ

The purpose: to characterize and generalize the definitions of the concept “communication” described in various scientific researches, to clarify the structure, specific aspects and functions of this phenomenon, to identify the factors that mostly affect the effectiveness of communication relying on the methods of descriptive and comparative analyses. Methods: a descriptive method based on generalizing facts and identifying consistency in regular phenomena and comparative analysis based on the integration of various disciplines approaches, such as linguistics, psycholinguistics, psychology, sociolinguistics at the level of goal-setting, clarifying the structure and characteristics, which is facilitated by the interdisciplinarity of the concept “communication”. Results: modern communication models are based on the first Aristotle model which consisted of three components: the speaker, the subject of communication, the listener and are adapted to the situation depending on the purpose. Conclusion: The article analyses the structure of some existing communication models, clarifies and generalizes the concept of “communication”, emphasizes the role of extralinguistic factors that affect the communication effectiveness, which is especially important for creating a professional communication model.

Allocation scheduling leads to optimum utilization of operation theater time

BackgroundCancellation of surgeries is a regular phenomenon in any hospital, and reasons may vary from clinical to managerial ones. The aim of the study is to suggest scheduling to address the problem of time over run related cancellations. This is an observational and descriptive study conducted in a tertiary care hospital with ophthalmology facilities. The sample size is calculated with 95% confidence interval using Epi Info 6 from the total surgeries performed in the last 5 years (n = 380). Simple random sampling technique was used. MethodsSurgical time for all types of ophthalmic surgeries (n = 582) was observed. Allocation of listed cases to the available operating rooms (ORs) was carried out using the observed time using LEKIN software. ResultsThe time over-run of 2 h and 6 h was noted for two units, whereas idle OR time was observed in other units. An average idle time of 19% was noted on each day. Reallocation of the cases to the ORs was carried out taking all the planned cases (of both the operating units of the day) as the number of jobs and all the available ORs as parallel machines using LEKIN software. All the planned cases could be accommodated; still, an average of 17% of the total available operation theater (OT) time was found idle on each day. ConclusionsPlanning of cases using procedure time and scheduling on a daily basis using allocation models with simple algorithms can provide optimal utilization of OTs and can address the time over-run and related cancellations.

Time-Dependent Wave Equations on Graded Groups

In this paper we consider the wave equations for hypoelliptic homogeneous left-invariant operators on graded Lie groups with time-dependent Hölder (or more regular) non-negative propagation speeds. The examples are the time-dependent wave equation for the sub-Laplacian on the Heisenberg group or on general stratified Lie groups, or p-evolution equations for higher order operators on {{mathbb{R}}}^{n} or on groups, already in all these cases our results being new. We establish sharp well-posedness results in the spirit of the classical result by Colombini, De Giorgi and Spagnolo. In particular, we describe an interesting local loss of regularity phenomenon depending on the step of the group (for stratified groups) and on the order of the considered operator.

Role of media in disaster preparedness: some case studies from calamity prone Odisha

Odisha is a natural disaster prone state. Its geographical location contributes a lot for the disasters. The eastern Indian state has a 480 Kilometre long coastline. The Bay of Bengal which is the house of cyclonic storms is the major contributor for the calamities in the state. From time immemorial till today Odisha has been facing hundreds of calamities in the form of cyclones, floods and famines. It is a regular phenomenon that in the period of September to December every year Odisha faces varieties of cyclones. These affect human life, properties and agriculture to the maximum extent. After the super cyclone of 1999 the government became sensitive so also the media. In these two decades Odisha media has played a vital role in creating awareness about the disasters and helped people in displacement and rehabilitation. In recent pasts media helped the Government in reaching the “Zero Casualty” target. The role of media not only limited to this, even post-disasters it followed the condition of people and their lives. The researcher takes some case studies of different disasters and their handling by media. Also tries to find out the people’s perception about media in disaster preparedness and management.

Race and Disaster Relief

Natural disasters represent common, yet often ignored, contributors to wealth inequality. With the ongoing global threat of climate change, floods, wildfires, and hurricanes increasingly have become regular phenomena that inevitably overwhelm local emergency response and infrastructure and result in large-scale damage or loss or life.1 Institutional racist policies have ensured that socioeconomically disadvantaged groups and racial and ethnic minorities bear a disproportionate burden of the economic and structural destruction and morbidity and mortality resulting from natural disasters. By nature of their scope and devastation, relief efforts often necessitate external or governmental assistance. While often dispatched without hesitation, it is critical to examine how disaster response structures and relief may further exacerbate and contribute to existing racial inequities.

Air Pollution, SARS-CoV-2 and the Wider Implications - An Overview of Recent Events with a Focus on Italy

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with the novel SARS-CoV-2, infections have spread worldwide. In part-I of our article, we show that the specificity of the speed of increase in COVID-19 cases over northern Italy, one of the most affected regions, strongly correlated with prevailing conditions of ground-level air pollution notably during the colder months of the year. Particularly striking were excessive concentrations of PM10/PM2.5, NO2 and shortfalls within the Italian health-care system, which aggravated the health crisis that followed thereafter. In part-II, we highlight that SARS-CoV-2 is just a tiny contributor in an already overstressed environmental setting that tilted the balance towards a new steady state, which is reflected by an increased viral susceptibility among the residence of the wider Po-Valley then elsewhere. Both the currently opted counter strategies imposed by authorities as well as hasty efforts with regards to the development of vaccines point at a “crisis of perception” rather than a well-designed strategy that includes a wide range of possible options. Therefore, this contribution looks at the missed opportunities in tackling poor urban air quality, at the dynamics of bioaerosol spreading including the associated atmospheric factors, at the challenges ahead when interfering with viral competences in multicellular organisms, the risks associated with poorly tested genetic-based vaccines, the induced neuro-psychological effects as a result of the unilateral measures imposed by authorities, and the likelihood that COVID-like events are becoming a regular phenomenon.

Development of a method of quantitative assessment of the flight safety current level during the formation of aircraft flows in the area of responsibility

Flight safety is the most important operational and technical characteristic of the air transport system, which is influenced by many factors, unstable and random in nature, which, as a rule, are interconnected with each other. The management of any property of a complex dynamic system, including the safety property of an operated air transport system, provides, as a mandatory procedure, a quantitative assessment (measurement) of the current value of the parameters by which control is carried out, since, in accordance with the basic postulate of management, to control is possible only by what is measurable. During the operation of the aircraft, information is accumulated about the state of the automatic exchange, as about the object of study. In this case, to some extent, the uncertainty in the knowledge about the object is eliminated. The main reason for uncertainty is the randomness of phenomena and processes. Obviously, there are no phenomena or events in which there are no elements of chance. No matter how accurately and carefully the operating conditions of the aircraft are recorded, it is impossible to ensure that with repeated (continued) observations, the results completely and exactly coincide. Random deviations inevitably accompany any natural phenomenon. Unlike common practice random elements cannot be neglected, especially since the result of operation depends on a large number of factors and even more combinations of them. It is necessary to study random phenomena, investigate patterns and find out the causes of random occurrences in a regular phenomenon. Finding any stable patterns is usually very difficult. However, if we consider a sequence of a large number of observations, then some rather interesting properties are revealed: individual (separate) observations are unpredictable, and the average results show stability or a pronounced trend of change (pattern of change) characteristic of dynamic systems.

Assessment of Land Cover Changes from Protected Forest Areas of Satchari National Park in Bangladesh and Implications for Conservation

Satchari National Park is one of the most biodiverse forest in Bangladesh and home of many endangered flora and fauna. 206 tons of CO2 per hectare is sequestrated in this national park every year which helps to mitigate climate issues. As people living near the area are dependent on this forest, degradation has become a regular phenomenon destroying the forest biodiversity by altering its forest cover. So, it is important to map land cover quickly and accurately for the sustainable management of Satchari National Park. The main objective of this study was to obtain information on land cover change using remote sensing data. Combination of unsupervised NDVI classification and supervised classification using maximum likelihood is followed in this study to find out land cover map. The analysis showed that the land cover is gradually converting from one land use type to another. Dense forest becoming degraded forest or bare land. Although it was slowed down by the establishment of ‘National Park’ on the study site, forecasting shows that it is not enough to mitigate forest degradation. Legal steps and proper management strategies should be taken to mitigate causes of degradation such as illegal felling.

Impact of River Bank Erosion on Mental Health and Coping Capacity in Bangladesh

Objectives Riverbank erosion is a regular phenomenon that displaces millions of people every year worldwide. More than 100,000 people are displaced due to river erosion every year in Bangladesh. People have to resettle in a different place leaving behind their property and familiar environment. This transformation with economic crisis acts as a major stressor for the persons and their families. However, people may adapt different strategies to adapt this difficult situation and keep themselves healthy. They might have higher coping skills due to what they had to endure. This study aimed to find out the difference in the mental health status and coping strategies among the river bank erosion affected and non-affected people in Bangladesh Methods We interviewed 100 adult respondents, of whom 50 had been affected and 50 had never been affected by river erosion in Bangladesh. All the participants completed self-report sociodemographic questionnaires; their mental state was evaluated with the Bangla version of the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and the coping was measured using the COPE scale. Result The mental health well-being score of the affected group was significantly lower than the non-affected group. However, accounting for gender, income and age, the affected group had lower mean score in coping (55.86) then the non-affected group (64.04). However, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions Riverbank erosion is a major natural disaster in Bangladesh that makes people vulnerable to mental disorder. However, it receives less attention; we hope this study will stimulate future researcher to explore mental state and coping mechanism in multiple perspectives and develop evidence-based service for them.

Musical Intervals in Infants’ Spontaneous Crying over the First 4 Months of Life

Introduction: Perception and memorizing of melody and rhythm start about the third trimester of gestation. Infants have astonishing musical predispositions, and melody contour is most salient for them. Objective: To longitudinally analyse melody contour of spontaneous crying of healthy infants and to identify melodic intervals. The aim was 3-fold: (1) to answer the question whether spontaneous crying of healthy infants regularly exhibits melodic intervals across the observation period, (2) to investigate whether interval events become more complex with age and (3) to analyse interval size distribution. Methods: Weekly cry recordings of 12 healthy infants (6 females) over the first 4 months of life were analysed (6,130 cry utterances) using frequency spectrograms and pitch analyses (PRAAT). A preselection of utterances containing a well-identifiable, noise-free and undisturbed melodic contour was applied to identify and measure melodic intervals in the final subset of 3,114 utterances. Age-dependent frequency of occurrence of melodic intervals was statistically analysed using generalized estimating equations. Results: 85.3% of all preselected melody contours (n = 3,114) either contained single rising or falling melodic intervals or complex events as combinations of both. In total 6,814 melodic intervals were measured. A significant increase in interval occurrence was found characterized by a non-linear age effect (3 developmental phases). Complex events were found to significantly increase linearly with age. In both calculations, no sex effect was found. Interval size distribution showed a maximum of the minor second as the prevailing musical interval in infants’ crying over the first 4 months of life. Conclusion: Melodic intervals seem to be a regular phenomenon of spontaneous crying of healthy infants. They are suggested to be a further candidate for developing an early risk marker of vocal control in infants. Subsequent studies are needed to compare healthy infants and infants at risk for respiratory-laryngeal dysfunction to investigate the diagnostic value of the occurrence of melodic intervals and their age-depending complexification.

Chaos in one-dimensional structural mechanics

Notwithstanding the presence of some books summarizing specific research bodies on structural systems, reviews on nonlinear dynamics and chaos in mechanical systems and structures are quite few. This paper aims at giving a first contribution in this direction, focusing on chaos in one-dimensional structural mechanics, and reviewing fundamental studies and main outcomes obtained for macromechanical systems and applications in classical areas of mechanical, aeronautical and civil engineering. Research material is presented according to a tentatively comprehensive perspective, by suitably framing the overviewed complex dynamic phenomena of a given class of structures within the underlying continuous/reduced modelling context and the regular phenomena from which they ensue. This is a demanding perspective, which also entails leaving a number of important topics aside. Chaos in cable, beam/arch, and coupled cable-beam structures is reviewed, as highlighted in both engineering-oriented studies and theoretically driven ones, paying attention also to some relevant applications.

On the propagation of regularity for solutions of the fractional Korteweg-de Vries equation

We consider the initial value problem (IVP) for the fractional Korteweg-de Vries equation (fKdV)(0.1){∂tu−Dxα∂xu+u∂xu=0,x,t∈R,0<α<1,u(x,0)=u0(x). It has been shown that the solutions to certain dispersive equations satisfy the propagation of regularity phenomena. More precisely, it deals in determine whether regularity of the initial data on the right hand side of the real line is propagated to the left hand side by the flow solution. This property was found originally in solutions of Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation and it has been also verified in other dispersive equations as the Benjamin-Ono (BO) equation.Recently, it has been shown that the solutions of the dispersive generalized Benjamin-Ono (DGBO) equation, this is α∈(2,3) in (0.1); also satisfy the propagation of regularity phenomena. This is achieved by introducing a commutator decomposition to handle the dispersive part in the equation. Following the approach used in the DGBO, we prove that the solutions of the fKdV also satisfies the propagation of regularity phenomena. Consequently, this type of regularity travels with infinite speed to its left as time evolves.

Just interpolate: Kernel “Ridgeless” regression can generalize

In the absence of explicit regularization, Kernel “Ridgeless” Regression with nonlinear kernels has the potential to fit the training data perfectly. It has been observed empirically, however, that such interpolated solutions can still generalize well on test data. We isolate a phenomenon of implicit regularization for minimum-norm interpolated solutions which is due to a combination of high dimensionality of the input data, curvature of the kernel function and favorable geometric properties of the data such as an eigenvalue decay of the empirical covariance and kernel matrices. In addition to deriving a data-dependent upper bound on the out-of-sample error, we present experimental evidence suggesting that the phenomenon occurs in the MNIST dataset.

The effect of black and green tea extracts on some bacteria-infected burns skin in rats

Herbal teas are the most common natural alternatives for the treatment of infectious diseases due to increasing antibiotic resistance, and are increasingly gaining more popularity and are known for their activity of antibacterial to many pathogenic micro-organisms. This research was necessitated by the need to counter the rapid emergence of drug-resistant human pathogens, which is becoming a regular phenomenon in the world making life-threatening illnesses easily curable infections. The study was done to determine the antimicrobial activities by agar diffusion inhibition assay of black and green tea Extract (cold and hot) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic resistance after injuring the skin of rats for burning, also to screen the effect of both types of tea on rat skin healing. Minimum inhibitory concentration was performed by broth micro-dilution assays, and Antibiotic Sensitivity was done for both types of bacteria. Our findings are in accordance that hot watery green and black tea extracts are more effective against both bacterial types than cold once based on an assessment of inhibition zones, green tea extract could be used for wound healing and burned skin of rats when treated with green and black tea showed reductions in the number of inflammatory cells and also arranged collagen bands. We concluded that green tea has a greater activity which is indicated by a higher anti-inflammatory effect compared to black tea.

Combination-Sharing Theory and Sharing Rule of Regularity.

The objective world we live in is actually a combination of multiple regularities, and human civilization is established in the process of adapting and applying these regularity in the consciousness system. Therefore, it can be imagined that a close and objective connection must exist among different disciplines that humans have developed through long-term accumulation of knowledge. Perhaps from an overall perspective of the objective existence, there may be many shared rules and connections that we have not yet discovered among the rules of various disciplines. This is the fundamental reason for the scientific nature of metaphor and analogy. By finding these common rules, we can use each other to understand strange things. In this study, I proposed the hypothesis that the combination-sharing rule is one of the basic rules that constitute the natural world, and briefly describe the theory by focusing on the sharing phenomenon of regularity. This article is based on the scientific achievements in the process of multidisciplinary development, and discusses the sharing mechanism of regularity in biology through interdisciplinary research.

Do economic development and disaster adaptation measures reduce the impact of natural disasters? A district-level analysis, Odisha, India

Natural disasters are a regular phenomenon in Odisha due to its unique geo-climatic conditions. Frequent occurrences of natural disasters affect different aspects of human life and cause huge damage to private and public property. We examine the effects of economic development, basic disaster adaptation measures, and exposure to disaster on disaster fatalities due to floods, heat-wave, and lightning. We use district-level panel data for 30 districts in Odisha over the period 1999–2011. The FE Poisson estimates suggest that economic development (proxied by per capita income) is not adequate to minimize fatalities from natural disasters. The results further confirm that better disaster adaptation measures such as better medical facilities, adequate road infrastructure, higher primary enrolment, village electrification, forest cover, and financial accessibility help in mitigating disaster fatalities to some extent. In addition, the estimates indicate that disaster-specific exposures such as high incidences of floods, excessive rainfall during monsoon, high temperature, and humidity lead to an increase in disaster fatalities. In sum, our results conclude that adequate disaster adaptation measures and better disaster management policies are essential to mitigate fatalities from natural disasters in the districts of Odisha, India.

Monitoring Impact of Social Dominance Orientation in Bangladeshi Manufacturing Industries

We see signs of conflict, chaos, confusion, extortion, blockage and street violence in Bangladesh as a regular phenomenon. Often workers are found in the street creating unwanted activities to draw the attention of the Government. The problems of intergroup discrimination are responsible for social inequality. The worker group tries to dominate over the managerial group in most enterprises. In any organisation, psychopathic individual works alone but while expressing criminal activities or destructive activities, they function as a cooperative group. Regardless of the form of creation, or the contents of its fundamental belief system, workers group tend to organise as group-based social hierarchies in which they often dominate another group (managerial group) and enjoy higher social status and power.While scholars of developed nations have a greater interest in Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) study, little is known about least developed and developing nations. This quantitative cross-sectional study joins a serious of Social dominance orientation studies intending to explore the structure of the social dominance orientation scale in Bangladeshi manufacturing industries and if workers group has higher labels of social dominance orientation than managerial groups. The researcher found a significant difference between males and females on social dominance orientation at the workplace. Male showed a higher level of social dominance orientation than their female counterparts. Result also shows that members of disadvantaged groups (workers group) have high-level social dominance orientation. Workers group maintain oppression mainly by force and threat not by enjoying social supremacy but by strength and political orientation.

The exploitation of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in aquaculture: present study, limitations and future directions. : a review

The incidence of infections by pathogenic microorganisms, coupled with the experimental manifestation of infections, refers to a regular phenomenon in aquaculture species. A number of environmental changes generally give rise to traumatic scenarios, and activating the transient provocative reactions in the gut normally constitutes a factor to the anatomical and efficient intestinal diseases. These infections have frequently given birth to the momentous economic chaos in aquaculture sector. Putting efforts into resolving this issue, the inclusion of antibiotics in the diets of aquaculture species has been introduced either as growth promoters or the stimulation of the immune system against diseases. Nevertheless, both the fears and discussions of consumers and scientists over the antibiotic-resistant microbes and drug remains in meat have resulted into contentious views concerning the uses of antibiotics. This has resulted into forbidding the use of human antibiotics as growth promotants in the diet of animal since the year 2006 by the European Union; also, subsequent to that, in the year 2013, the United States also initiated a plan for the removal of human antibiotics in the diet as growth promotants. Making use of the prebiotics, synbiotics and probiotics as an alternative has proven as improving not just the growth but also the immunity and maintenance of intestine health of cultured species. They are administered in the feeds of culture species for the purpose of stimulating the good health, safeguarding the intestine against pathogenic microorganisms and reducing the inflammation. In the current investigation, we throw discussion on the present uses, together with the limitations and future directions, the immunomodulatory exploit of probiotics, synbiotics and prebiotics, which triggering directly or enhancing the non-specific immune structure of aquaculture species.