Regular Papers Research Articles

Editorial. Vol. 8, Issue 3

This issue includes four papers selected among the best presented at the Games and Learning Alliance Conference (GaLA Conf), that in 2020 was held in the Laval virtual world, organized by the University of Le Mans. Beside the special issue, this number of the International Journal of Serious Games also features two regular papers, that I briefly introduce in the following.

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I:Regular Papers information for authors

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I:Regular Papers information for authors

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I:Regular Papers publication information

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I:Regular Papers publication information

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I:Regular Papers information for authors

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I:Regular Papers information for authors

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I:Regular Papers publication information

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I:Regular Papers publication information

Three overlooked photosynthesis papers of Otto Warburg (1883-1970), published in the 1940s in German and in Russian, on light-driven water oxidation coupled to benzoquinone reduction.

After a brief background on Otto Heinrich Warburg (1883-1970), and some of his selected research, we provide highlights, in English, of three of his papers in the 1940s-unknown to many as they were not originally published in English. They are: two brief reports on Photosynthesis, with Wilhelm Lüttgens, originally published in German, in 1944: 'Experiment on assimilation of carbonic acid'; and 'Further experiments on carbon dioxide assimilation'. This is followed by a regular paper, originally published in Russian, in 1946: 'The photochemical reduction of quinone in green granules'. Since the 1944 reports discussed here are very short, their translations are included in the Appendix, but that of the 1946 paper is provided in the Supplementary Material. In all three reports, Warburg provides the first evidence for and elaborates on light-driven water oxidation coupled to reduction of added benzoquinone. These largely overlooked studies of Warburg are in stark contrast to Warburg's well-known error in assigning the origin of the photosynthetically formed dioxygen to carbonate.

Editorial

CHIEF EDITOR Ahmad Faris Ismail, IIUM, Malaysia TECHNICAL EDITOR Sany Izan Ihsan, IIUM, Malaysia EXECUTIVE EDITOR AHM Zahirul Alam, IIUM, Malaysia ASSOCIATE EDITOR Nor Farahidah Za’bah, IIUM, Malaysia LANGUAGE EDITOR Lynn Mason, Malaysia COPY EDITOR Hamzah Mohd. Salleh, IIUM, Malaysia MALAY TRANSLATOR Nurul Arfah Che Mustapha, IIUM, Malaysia EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Abdullah Al-Mamun, IIUM, Malaysia Abdumalik Rakhimov, IIUM, Malaysia Ali Sophian, IIUM, Malaysia Erwin Sulaeman, IIUM, Malaysia Hanafy Omar, Saudi Arabia Hazleen Anuar, IIUM, Malaysia Konstantin Khanin, University of Toronto, Canada Ma'an Al-Khatib, IIUM, Malaysia Md Zahangir Alam, IIUM, Malaysia Meftah Hrairi, IIUM, Malaysia Mohamed B. Trabia, United States Mohammad S. Alam, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, United States Mustafizur Rahman, National University Singapore, Singapore Ossama Abdulkhalik, Michigan Technological University, United States Othman O Khalifa, IIUM, Malaysia Razi Nalim, IUPUI, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States Rosminazuin AB. Rahim, IIUM, Malaysia Sharifah Imihezri Syed Shaharuddin, IIUM, Malaysia Waqar Asrar, IIUM, Malaysia INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE Anwar, United States Abdul Latif Bin Ahmad, Malaysia Farzad Ismail, USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Hanafy Omar, Saudi Arabia Hany Ammar, United States Idris Mohammed Bugaje, Nigeria K.B. Ramachandran, India Kunzu Abdella, Canada Luis Le Moyne, ISAT, University of Burgundy, France M Mujtaba, United Kingdom Mohamed AI-Rubei, Ireland Mohamed B Trabia, United States Syed Kamrul Islam, United States Tibor Czigany, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary Yiu-Wing Mai, The University of Sydney, Australia. AIMS & SCOPE OF IIUM ENGINEERING JOURNAL The IIUM Engineering Journal, published biannually (January and July), is a carefully refereed international publication of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Contributions of high technical merit within the span of engineering disciplines; covering the main areas of engineering: Electrical and Computer Engineering; Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; Automation and Mechatronics Engineering; Material and Chemical Engineering; Environmental and Civil Engineering; Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Engineering Mathematics and Physics; and Computer Science and Information Technology are considered for publication in this journal. Contributions from other areas of Engineering and Applied Science are also welcomed. The IIUM Engineering Journal publishes contributions under Regular papers and Invited review papers. It also welcomes contributions that address solutions to the specific challenges of the developing world, and address science and technology issues from an Islamic and multidisciplinary perspective. REFEREES’ NETWORK All papers submitted to IIUM Engineering Journal will be subjected to a rigorous reviewing process through a worldwide network of specialized and competent referees. Each accepted paper should have at least two positive referees’ assessments. SUBMISSION OF A MANUSCRIPT A manuscript should be submitted online to the IIUM-Engineering Journal website at http://journals.iium.edu.my/ejournal. Further correspondence on the status of the paper could be done through the journal website. Whilst every effort is made by the publisher and editorial board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement appears in this Journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisement herein are the responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the publisher and the editorial committee accept no liability whatsoever for the consequence of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement. IIUM Engineering Journal ISSN: 1511-788X E-ISSN: 2289-7860 Published by: IIUM Press, International Islamic University Malaysia Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Phone (+603) 6421-5014, Fax: (+603) 6421-6298

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I:Regular Papers publication information

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I:Regular Papers publication information

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I:Regular Papers information for authors

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I:Regular Papers information for authors

Methods Used in Economic Research: An Empirical Study of Trends and Levels

Abstract The methods used in economic research are analyzed on a sample of all 3,415 regular research papers published in 10 general interest journals every 5th year from 1997 to 2017. The papers are classified into three main groups by method: theory, experiments, and empirics. The theory and empirics groups are almost equally large. Most empiric papers use the classical method, which derives an operational model from theory and runs regressions. The number of papers published increases by 3.3% p.a. Two trends are highly significant: The fraction of theoretical papers has fallen by 26 pp (percentage points), while the fraction of papers using the classical method has increased by 15 pp. Economic theory predicts that such papers exaggerate, and the papers that have been analyzed by meta-analysis confirm the prediction. It is discussed if other methods have smaller problems.

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I:Regular Papers publication information

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I:Regular Papers publication information

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I:Regular Papers information for authors

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I:Regular Papers information for authors

Foreword

The current issue is a regular one as far as its content is concerned. In terms of form, however, we have introduced a new structural division by the editorial team. As you know, so far, we have included under the section name ‘Short Communications’ contributions that convey interesting information but cannot really be considered regular research papers that are peer-reviewed in a conventional way.

Regular Paper] Change in Physicochemical Properties of Starch from Sweet Potatoes by Curing Treatment

Regular Paper] Change in Physicochemical Properties of Starch from Sweet Potatoes by Curing Treatment

Dual-electrolyte aluminum/air microfluidic fuel cell with electrolyte-recirculation

Aluminum/air microfluidic fuel cell (MFC) combines the advantages of co-laminar MFC and aluminum/air batteries with high energy density, low cost, membraneless and miniaturized design, which is a promising device to power the numerous nodes in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems. Here, we propose a recirculating dual-electrolyte aluminum/air MFC with an alkaline anolyte and an acid catholyte. The cell exhibits an outstanding performance with an open-circuit voltage of 2.2 V and a short-current density of 1 A cm−2, benefiting from the dual-electrolyte design. In order to prevent the naturalization reaction between the electrolytes and improve the utilization rate, a regular hierarchical porous carbon paper is applied as the separator, which minimizes the mixing of electrolytes and facilitates the recirculation. This work provides an alternative route for cost-effective and high-performance aluminum/Air MFCs toward real applications.

Preface

‘International Conference on Research Frontiers in Sciences’ (ICRFS-2021) is an inaugural conference hosted by G H Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur, India which is sponsored by GHR Labs & Research Center, in association with Materials Research Society of India (MRSI), Luminescence Society of India (LSI), The Indian Society of Analytical Scientists (ISAS), Nagpur Chapter and Forum for Interdisciplinary Research in Mathematical Sciences (FIRMS). It was held on 5th & 6th February 2021 and due to COVID pandemic was conducted online via WebEx platform. Besides the regular papers and interactive presentations, the conference also featured plenary talk, keynotes addresses and Invited talks. Thirteen renowned speakers across the globe presented their talks on cutting-edge research in their disciplines to researchers who are from interdisciplinary fields and addressed questions that deal with major research problems and distinctive tools of different fields.The goal of this conference is to bring together some of the best budding researchers for deliberating exciting advances and opportunities in their respective fields. Such platforms encourage participants to have a learning experience through sessions and discussions. The papers submitted to ICRFS-2021 Conference were single-blind peer-reviewed, at least by two independent referees mainly consists of researchers and academicians and passed through several stages of editing procedure. Out of 167 submissions received, 157 were accepted and 144 delegates from 6 countries (United States, India, Ethiopia, Israel, Saudi Arabia and Oman) from sciences and various field of engineering and technology presented their papers in 16 parallel technical sessions. Based on the technical, quality and presentation, best papers were selected from each technical session and were awarded during valedictory function. A compendium of submitted research papers that represents the significant results of this conference has been selected to publish in this volume.The theme of the conference is related to basic and advanced sciences. The track-wise themes are as follows which is not only limited to the given areas.

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I:Regular Papers information for authors

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I:Regular Papers information for authors

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I:Regular Papers publication information

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I:Regular Papers publication information

A Gift Box Filled with Mathematics

We look at a simple origami box that can be made from two sheets of regular printing paper. In the context of the construction of the box, we explore problems that emerge at the intersection of algebra, geometry, and calculus.

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I:Regular Papers publication information

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I:Regular Papers publication information