Regular Order Research Articles

Application of Differential Transform Method with Adomian Polynomial for solving RLC Circuits Problems and Higher Order differential equations

. The differential transform method (DTM) for solving linear and nonlinear higher order differential equations especially which arising in the field of electric circuit problems is used. In almost cases, DTM gives the series of solutions which can be easily converted to exact ones. In nonlinear problems it is useful to use the Adomian polynomial to overheads the nonlinear terms. Also, this method is useful in both initial and boundary value problems.This method introduces a semi-analytic solution for differential equations, in polynomial form, it differs from the regular high order Taylor series technique, which necessitates the symbolic calculation of the necessary derivatives for the data functions. Comparison is made between numerical solutions obtained using DTM and other numerical methods, which trusses up the efficiency of the DTM method. Some illustrative examples are presented with some RLC circuit problems to show the simplicity and efficiency of the used method. All calculations are made with the help of computer algebra software Mathematica 11.2.

Review of Key Technologies of mobile energy storage vehicle participating in distribution network dispatching under the high proportion of renewable energy access

With modern society’s increasing reliance on electric energy, rapid growth in demand for electricity, and the increasingly high requirements for power supply quality, sudden power outages are bound to cause damage to people’s regular order of life and the normal functioning of society. Currently, the commonly used emergency power protection equipment is mainly based on diesel generator sets, while there is also flywheel energy storage equipment in the application of emergency power protection. In today’s society, we strongly advocate green, energy-saving, and emission reduction background, and the demand for new mobile power supply systems becomes very urgent. Mobile energy storage vehicles can not only charge and discharge, but they can also facilitate more proactive distribution network planning and dispatching by moving around. The basic model and typical application scenarios of a mobile power supply system with battery energy storage as the platform are introduced, and the input process and key technologies of mobile energy storage devices under different operation modes are elaborated to provide strong support for further input and reasonable dispatch of mobile energy storage vehicles.

A comparative study of blocking laws between China and EU

In recent years, the United States has frequently imposed sub-economic sanctions on other countries, which has seriously disrupted the regular order of the world economic and trade market. Since the Trump administration took office, China has gradually become the target of the United States, and the economic and trade friction between China and the United States has been constant. To counter the long-arm jurisdiction of the United States, China's Ministry of Commerce issued the Blocking Measures with Chinese characteristics on January 9, 2021. Its legislative model draws lessons from the European Union Blocking Law and adopts the combination of public enforcement mechanisms and private law relief mechanisms. As the legislative experience of China's blocking law is a little insufficient, the construction of the blocking law system still needs to be improved. Therefore, this paper selects the currently mature EU blocking law as the reference object, aiming to further enhance the system of China's blocking law by drawing on its legislative practice experience. This paper sorts out the legislative process of EU blocking law and analyzes its three major defects: weak enforcement, no clear criteria for violating the obligation of "prohibition of compliance" and insufficient punishment. Then, by combing the legislative process of China's blocking law, comparing and analyzing the institutional differences between China and Europe, and referring to the defects of the EU blocking law system, it summarizes the shortcomings of China's blocking law in four aspects: legal effect, the scope of application, exemption system and punishment measures, and takes them as China's blocking measures.

Implementing a bivariate ordering and replacement policy for deteriorating systems with two failure types

AbstractFor plenty of existing maintenance policies in literature, it is always assumed that the spare unit for replacement is available at any time if needed, while this perquisite may be unrealistic or even impossible. In this paper, we investigate an ordering and replacement modeling framework for a deteriorating repairable system with two failure types, involving a repairable failure (Type I failure) and a nonrepairable failure (Type II failure). A regular order and an expedited order are both incorporated into the spare unit ordering policy while a preventive replacement and a corrective replacement are both considered into the replacement policy, of which the ordering and replacement policy is scheduled in regard to the number of repairable failures. The expected profit per unit of time over an infinite time span is maximized to seek the optimal solutions in terms of the renewal reward theorem with a recursive algorithm procedure. An illustrative example is designed to validate the applicability and effectiveness of the developed ordering and replacement policy. In addition, the sensitivity of the optimal ordering‐replacement policy is studied and the effect of some key characteristics on the optimal decisions is discussed.

In-Built Fabrication of MOF Assimilated Porous Hollow Carbon from Pre-Hydrolysate for Supercapacitor.

With the fast consumption of traditional fossil fuels and the urgent requirement for a low-carbon economy and sustainable development, supercapacitors are gaining more and more attention as a clean energy storage and conversion device. The research on electrode materials for supercapacitors has become a hot topic nowadays. An electrode material for a supercapacitor, comprising the ZIF-67 in-built carbon-based material, was prepared from a biomass pre-hydrolysate via a hydrothermal process. As a by-product of dissolving slurry, the pre-hydrolysate is rich in carbon, which is an excellent biomass resource. The utilization of pre-hydrolysate to prepare carbon energy materials could realize the high value utilization of pre-hydrolysate and the efficient energy conversion of biomass. Meanwhile, the cobalt-based MOF (such as ZIF-67), as a porous crystalline material, has the advantages of having a regular order, high specific surface area and controllable pore size, as well as good thermal and chemical stability. The addition of ZIF-67 modified the morphology and pore structure of the carbon, and the obtained samples showed outstanding electrochemical performance. One- and two-step synthetic processes generated specimens with a coral-like cross-linked structure and a new type of rough, hollow, dandelion-like structure, respectively, and the pore size was in the range of 2.0–5.0 nm, which is conducive to ion transport and charge transfer. In C2-ZIF-67, the hollow structures could effectively prevent the accumulation of the electrochemical active center, which could provide enough space for the shrinkage and expansion of particles to protect them from the interference of electrolytes and the formation of solid electrolyte interphase film layers. Additionally, the plush tentacle structure with low density and a large specific surface area could expose more active sites and a large electrolyte electrode contact area, and short electron and charge transport paths. Importantly, active, free electrons of small amounts of Co-MOF (1 wt%) could be stored and released through the redox reaction, further improving the electrical conductivity of Carbon-ZIF-67 materials in this work. Consequently, C2-ZIF-67 exhibited superior specific capacitance (400 F g−1, at 0.5 A g−1) and stability (90%, after 10,000 cycles).

Sound Field Modeling Method and Key Imaging Technology of an Ultrasonic Phased Array: A Review

An ultrasonic phased array consists of multiple ultrasonic probes arranged in a certain regular order, and the delay time of the excitation signal sent to each array element is controlled electronically. The testing system model based on ultrasonic propagation theory is established to obtain a controllable and focused sound field, which has theoretical and engineering guiding significance for the calculation and analysis of ultrasonic array sound fields. Perfecting array theory and exploring array imaging methods can obtain rich acoustic information, provide more intuitive and reliable research results, and further the development of ultrasonic phased-array systems. This paper reviews the progress of research on the application of ultrasound arrays for non-destructive testing (NDT) and brings together the most relevant published work on the application of simulation methods and popular imaging techniques for ultrasonic arrays. It mainly reviews the modeling approaches, including the angular spectrum method (ASM), multi-Gaussian beam method (MGB), ray tracing method, finite element method (FEM), finite difference method (FDM), and distributed point source method (DPSM), which have been used to assess the performance and inspection modality of a given array. In addition, the array of imaging approaches, including the total focusing method (TFM), compression sensing imaging (CSI), and acoustic nonlinearity imaging (ANI), are discussed. This paper is expected to provide strong technical support in related areas such as ultrasonic array testing theory and imaging methods.

Double Sources Queuing-Inventory System with Hybrid Replenishment Policy

A hybrid replenishment policy in double sources queuing-inventory system is proposed. If the inventory level drops to the reorder point s, then a regular order of the fixed volume Q = S − s is generated to a slow and cheap source, where S denotes the maximum size of the system’s warehouse. If the inventory level falls below a certain threshold value r, where r < s, then the system instantly cancels the regular order and generates an emergency order to a fast and expensive source where the replenishment quantity should be able to bring the inventory level back to S at the replenishment epoch. In addition to consuming customers, the system also receives destructive customers that do not require inventory but destroy them. The stability condition for the system under study is found, steady-state probabilities are calculated, and formulas for finding performance measures are proposed. The problem of minimizing the total cost of the system under the proposed hybrid replenishment policy is solved by choosing the appropriate values of the order point and the threshold value.

Managing hospital platelet inventory with mid‐cycle expedited replenishments and returns

Motivated by the need of small and medium‐sized hospitals to improve their platelet inventory management and achieve best practices, we consider an inventory system for a perishable product with a three‐period shelf life over a finite horizon. In the system, the regular replenishment in each cycle is supplemented by an inventory adjustment opportunity in mid‐cycle involving expedited orders and returns. We show that an optimal regular replenishment policy is an ( s, S, S( x)) policy. Namely, if the initial net inventory x is below the threshold s, it is optimal to place a regular order to raise the inventory to a state‐independent target S; otherwise, raise the inventory to a state‐dependent target S( x). We also show that the mid‐cycle inventory adjustment policy is a control‐band policy with two thresholds. If the mid‐cycle net inventory is above the upper threshold, it is optimal to return the inventory in excess of that threshold to a central blood bank; if the mid‐cycle net inventory is below the lower threshold, it is optimal to expedite replenishment up to that threshold; otherwise, do nothing. If non‐fresh platelets are used in the expedited order, we can obtain closed‐form expressions for the optimal policy parameters. When fresh platelets are used for the expedited order, we apply anti‐multimodularity techniques to establish structural properties of the optimal policy to guide practice and reveal the substitution relationship between the replenishment quantity and the existing inventory of various ages. These structural properties also hold for the case of general shelf lives. Our numerical study shows that the more flexible and adaptive policy proposed in this research outperforms those studied in the literature.

On the analyticity of critical points of the generalized integral Menger curvature in the Hilbert case

We prove the analyticity of smooth critical points for generalized integral Menger curvature energies intM(p,2), with p∈(73,83), subject to a fixed length constraint. This implies, together with already well-known regularity results, that finite-energy, critical C1-curves γ:R/Z→Rn of generalized integral Menger curvature intM(p,2) subject to a fixed length constraint are not only C∞ but also analytic. Our approach is inspired by analyticity results on critical points for O’Hara’s knot energies based on Cauchy’s method of majorants and a decomposition of the first variation. The main new idea is an additional iteration in the recursive estimate of the derivatives to obtain a sufficient difference in the order of regularity.

Ordering and waste reuse decisions in a make-to-order system under demand uncertainty

This study considers a single-period make-to-order system in which a manufacturer produces two products: product 1 (2) with tighter (looser) specifications. Production of these two products involves a specific type of materials in a common process. Due to quality discrepancies, new materials purchased from the supplier are used in the production of both product types from which spent materials can be converted into recycled materials and used in the production of product 2. Based on expected total cost minimization, we investigate the manufacturer’s decisions related to regular and expedited orders for new materials as well as the decisions related to reusing the manufacturing waste that jointly mitigate the risk of demand-and-supply mismatch through both analytical and numerical analyses. We find that at an exogenous recycling rate, waste reuse can complement the regular order for new materials in risk mitigation while lowering the manufacturer’s expected total cost when the unit expedited ordering cost is significant and becomes larger. By contrast, waste reuse with endogenous recycling makes it possible to achieve both objectives even for small expedited ordering costs, through balancing the regular order quantity and the recycling effort. Furthermore, the regular order quantity typically is inversely related to the recycled materials used in production. However, the recycling effort is inversely related to the recycled materials as the unit expedited ordering cost varies and is in sync with the recycled materials when other model parameters vary. Finally, some additional insights obtained from numerical analyses are discussed.

Quantity-based emergency shipment policies

Either structurally or in an ad hoc manner, emergency shipments are widely utilized for preventing the potentially negative impacts of stock-outs. In addition to having policies for their regular orders, companies need to decide when and for how many units to place emergency orders. In this article, we consider the periodic-review problem of a retailer who uses a quantity-based emergency shipment policy. Under this policy an emergency order is triggered if the inventory level within the review period falls below a certain level. We consider the base-stock policy for the regular replenishment orders. The goal is to determine the optimal base-stock level, the optimal period length as well as the optimal size and threshold value of emergency orders such that the total expected cost rate is minimized. We use renewal reward theory to derive the expressions of operating characteristics. The expected cost rate’s properties are analyzed to develop an optimization algorithm for finding the optimal policy parameters. We compare our policy with the time-based and hybrid emergency shipment policies and conclude that the quantity-based policy can bring substantial benefits compared to other policies.

Preparation of cellulose derivative bearing bulky 4-(2-benzothienyl)phenylcarbamate substituents as chiral stationary phase for enantioseparation.

A novel cellulose derivative bearing bulky 4-(2-benzothienyl)phenylcarbamate substituents (Cel-1) was readily synthesized by carbamoylation followed by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. The corresponding coated-type chiral stationary phase (CSP) was prepared on basis of the derivative, and its chiral recognition ability was then evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The chiral recognition ability of the cellulose derivative was greatly influenced by introduction of the bulky benzothienyl pendants on the aromatic moieties of phenylcarbamates, compared with its analog with smaller groups. Many racemates, including the metal tris(acetylacetonate) complexes, chiral drug, and the analyte with axial chirality, were sufficiently separated with good enantioselectivities on Cel-1. Some of them were even higher than those on the commercially powerful Chiralcel OD, which is also a coated-type CSP derived from cellulose phenylcarbamate derivative containing smaller 3,5-dimethyl pendants. The 1 H NMR and circular dichroism (CD) spectra of Cel-1 indicated that the obtained derivative possessed a regular higher order structure, and a strong cotton effect was observed within the absorption range of π-conjugated pendant at 350-500 nm. Impressively, the cellulose derivative bearing the bulky 4-(2-benzothienyl)phenylcarbamates exhibited good enantioselective fluorescence quenching behavior to the enantiomer pair of 1-phenylethylamine, probably suggesting its potential for the application as a chiral fluorescent sensor with high efficiency. The combination of the arrangement of bulky π-conjugated benzothienyl pendants on the phenylcarbamate moieties surrounding the helical backbone and the regular higher order structure of the polymer itself probably played a key role for this high chiral fluorescent recognition ability of Cel-1. The interaction sites of bulky 4-(2-benzothienyl)phenylcarbamate pendants in its excited state can exhibit higher enantioselective discrimination via fluorescent response to the chiral compound Q1, whereas the chiral recognition ability of Cel-1 to the same compound in the ground state had no clear improvement.

La Riforma protestante tra istanze di rinnovamento e movimenti ereticali

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Reformatio in capite et membris - 3. La riforma gregoriana - 4. Rinnovamento monastico e nuove forme di religiosità - 5. Erasmo da Rotterdam e l’Umanesimo cristiano - 6. Ecclesia semper reformanda - 7. Gli antecedenti della Riforma - 8. I poveri di Lione - 9. Il movimento dei Lollardi - 10. La rivoluzione boema - 11. Le guerre hussite.
 The Protestant Reformation between requests for renewal and heretical movements
 ABSTRACT: The Protestant Reformation represents an epochal event as it is widely considered the true moment of transition from the Middle Ages to the modern age. Without wishing in the least to diminish the innovative significance of the aforementioned phenomenon, it is however necessary to point out how the Catholic Church, during the course of its history, has been crossed by a yearning for regeneration that has involved both the constitutional and the devotional aspects of its being. To this end, it is enough to recall the reforming work of Gregory VII, the Cluniac monastic rigor, the contribution of some regular Orders (mendicants), as well as the spread of new forms of religiosity, from the modern Devotio to the Christian humanism of Desiderio Erasmus of Rotterdam. Similarly, the originality of the Reformation did not prevent modern Protestant historiography from considering it the natural result of an evangelical pluralism already present in the twelfth century. The direct reference is to the doctrines of Pietro Valdo, John Wycliff and Jan Hus, and in particular to their ecclesiology which in various ways will be proposed by Martin Luther, with his own peculiarity, and without ever reducing himself to it.

Further Convergence Management to Build a More Resilient Education System for International Students at Tsinghua University in COVID-19 Pandemic Period

COVID-19 disrupts regular educational order and poses significant challenges to international education. In the face of the uncertain development of the pandemic, Tsinghua University has been actively exploring to build a more resilient education system by further promoting convergence management of the local and international students. Based on the organization system theory, we explain the necessity of convergence management, review Tsinghua’s responses to the COVID-19 crisis, and introduce the practices in building a more resilient education system, and discuss the future for promoting system resilience.

How to Characterize Amorphous Shapes: The Tale of a Reverse Micelle.

Aerosol-OT reverse micelles represent a chemical construct where surfactant molecules self-assemble to stabilize water nanodroplets 1-10 nm in diameter. Although commonly assumed to adopt a spherical shape, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and some experimental studies predict a nonspherical shape. If these aggregates are not spherical, then what shape do they take? Because the tools needed to evaluate the shape of something that lacks regular structure, order, or symmetry are not well developed, we present a set of three intuitive metrics─coordinate-pair eccentricity, convexity, and the curvature distribution─that estimate the shape of an amorphous object, and we demonstrate their use on a simulated aerosol-OT reverse micelle. These metrics are all well-established methods and principles in mathematics, and each provides unique information about the shape. Together, these metrics provide intuitive descriptions of amorphous shapes, facilitate ways to quantify those shapes, and follow their changes over time.

董仲舒 『春秋繁露』의 陰陽五行思想 硏究

This thesis studied Taoistic yin-yang and five elements thought in 『Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiufanlu)』 by Dong Zhongshu focusing on five constant ways. First, it studied what the foundations for his thought on yin-yang and five elements is and how modern people interpret it. Second, it did the philosophical backgrounds that Dong Zhongshu added sincerity(信)’ to four beginnings(四端) of benevolence, righteousness, propriety, and wisdom by 『Mencius』. The results of the study are as follows: First, energy of heaven and earth (天地) in 『Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals』 means to become one [一] when it is added, yin-yang when it is divided, four seasons when it is again added, and five elements when it is placed in rows. And it means that the foundations for his thought on yin-yang and five elements are five seasons (五季, spring, summer, June of the lunar year, autumn, and winter) such as spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Second, reinterpreting the five seasons which endlessly revolve from the viewpoint of modern astronomy, they result from the rotation and revolution of the earth. As day and night due to the rotation of the earth is yin-yang and the five seasons due to the revolution of the earth are five elements, the regular natural order lies at the foundation of Dong Zhongshu's thought on yin-yang and five elements. Third, The philosophical backgrounds that Dong Zhongshu got to argue five constant ways by adding virtue of sincerity(信) to benevolence, righteousness, propriety, and wisdom(仁義禮智) which had become central virtue of Confucian ethics after originating from Mencius are his thought on yin-yang and five elements which did from five seasons (五季). Fourth, Dong Zhongshu assigned benevolence(仁) to spring which supervises all things to be born[生] and Wood of the five elements, propriety(禮) to June of the lunar year which supervises all things to grow[長] and fire of the five elements, sincerity(信) to June of the lunar year which supervises all things to be raised[養] and earth of the five elements, righteousness(義) to autumn which supervises all things to be harvested[收] and metal of the five elements, and wisdom(智) to winter which supervises all things to be stored[藏] and water of the five elements. the regular natural order lies at the foundations of Taoistic yin-yang and five elements thought in 『Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals』 by Dong Zhongshu, and his five constant ways follow the natural order.

Connecting Packing Efficiency of Binary Hard Sphere Systems to Their Intermediate Range Structure.

Using computed x-ray tomography we determine the three dimensional (3D) structure of binary hard sphere mixtures as a function of composition and size ratio of the particles q. Using a recently introduced four-point correlation function we reveal that this 3D structure has on intermediate and large length scales a surprisingly regular order, the symmetry of which depends on q. The related structural correlation length has a minimum at the composition at which the packing fraction is highest. At this composition also the number of different local particle arrangements has a maximum, indicating that efficient packing of particles is associated with a structure that is locally maximally disordered.

The Tangled Path From Identifying Financial Assets to Cross-Border Confiscation. Deficiencies in EU Asset Recovery Policy

Abstract The article discusses the shortcomings of EU policy regarding cross-border asset recovery. The identified problem is a disjointed approach to the overlapping objectives of criminal proceedings: gathering evidence and securing assets for future confiscation. In the current EU legal framework, the process of recovery of assets, understood as a sequence of functionally related activities, lacks the continuity necessary to be effective. EU cross-border cooperation instruments in criminal matters do not meet the needs of this process, as they relate to separate investigative measures. Problems in this field have been indirectly reflected in the practice of Eurojust and the ejn. The article proposes a change in the perception of the initial phase of the asset recovery process, where the objectives of identifying and locating financial assets are combined with their provisional securing. This takes place under one mechanism of cross-border cooperation (an eio), prior to issuing a regular freeze or seizure order.

Monotone cubic spline interpolation for functions with a strong gradient

Spline interpolation has been used in several applications due to its favorable properties regarding smoothness and accuracy of the interpolant. However, when there exists a discontinuity or a steep gradient in the data, some artifacts can appear due to the Gibbs phenomenon. Also, preservation of data monotonicity is a requirement in some applications, and that property is not automatically verified by the interpolator. Hence, some additional techniques have to be incorporated so as to ensure monotonicity. The final interpolator is not actually a spline as C2 regularity and monotonicity are not ensured at the same time. In this paper, we study sufficient conditions to obtain monotone cubic splines based on Hermite cubic interpolators and propose two different ways to construct them using non-linear formulas. The methods are tailored so as to minimize either the regions where the order of accuracy is not maximal, or the points where the interpolator does not achieve C2 regularity. The order of accuracy and regularity of the interpolant are studied in both cases and several numerical experiments are performed to contrast the theoretical results.

Preparation and electrochemical properties of MXene based conductive composites for food contamination detection

MXene has unique intercalation structure, excellent interlayer spacing and excellent biocompatibility. It is considered as an excellent nano material carrier and can be used as a good adsorbent in the detection of food pollutants. In this study, a large number of experimental materials and reagents were selected to prepare Co3O4 / MXene composites by in-situ growth of Co3O4 nanoparticles on MXene support by impregnation pyrolysis. The composite retained the original accordion like intercalation structure. The size and number of Co3O4 particles on the surface of MXene and in the intercalation increased with the increase of loading, showing regular order. The prepared composite has abundant lithium intercalation active sites, fast electron and ion transport channels, good rate performance and energy density at high current density, showing excellent electrochemical performance.