Regular Nuclei Research Articles

Renal Oncocytoma: A Systematic Review of Its Metastatic Features.

Oncocytomas are referred to as benign kidney neoplasms. They primarily affect adults, with patients over 70 years old being the most affected. Renal oncocytomas (ROs) are frequently detected by excision, biopsy, or scan. Hematuria, flank pain, and a palpable mass are the traditional trio of symptoms. Oncocytomas appear as well-circumscribed, tanor mahogany-coloured masses with a central scar that is stellate. Histological features include well-circumscribed lesions, bland cytology, eosinophilic cytoplasm, regular nuclei with prominent central nucleoli, and nested architecture. ROs are rarely linked to an aggressive clinical course and have an excellent prognosis. There is proof that the disease can spread to the liver and bones.Some literature has also reported oncocytoma metastases to the lung and liver. This systematic review of the literature examines and evaluates the malignant potential of oncocytoma. The purpose of the study was to determine whether ROs can be diagnosed as a benign condition or if malignancy needs to be considered and investigated. Seventeen studies were analysed which had a total of 412 ROs. Four patients (one percent) died as a result of their illness. There was evidence of disease progression in every patient who passed away from their illness. Six patients (1.5%) experienced disease progression in total. Three hundred and seventeen patients (80%) underwent radical nephrectomy, while 81 patients (20%) underwent partial nephrectomy. Liver, bone, lung, lymphadenopathy, and local recurrence were among the metastasis sites. Perinephric fat invasion, renal sinus fat invasion, renal capsular invasion, and vascular invasion are characteristics of metastatic behavior that have been found. Despite this, the small number of patients who experienced disease progression and/or death as a result of ROs implies that aggressive malignant behavior is not always correlated with the presence of metastatic features or disease. Oncocytomas should be viewed as having a low potential for malignancy rather than as benign. Individuals who exhibit aggressive characteristics, such as vascular invasion and/or perinephric fat invasion, have an atypically good prognosis. Despite advancements in imaging and immunochemical techniques, it is indisputable that ROs, which were first classified as renal tumours in 1976, continue to pose a diagnostic challenge for multidisciplinary teams.There is considerable variation in practice across the globe due to difficulties in confirming ROs, especially when it comes to metastatic disease. There is even more variation in the management of follow-up care that follows. This will remain the MDT's current state until randomised controlled trials, long-term results, and a better comprehension of the behavior of this tumour are obtained.

Analysis of Morphologic Classification System for Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia and Its Correlation with Laboratory Tests and FLT3-ITD Mutation

To establish a morphologic classification system for characterizing blast cells in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and analyze the correlation of different APL morphologic characteristics with conventional tests and genetic variants. Based on the morphological characteristics of APL blast cells, a classification system of 14 categories was established to characterize the inter- and intra-individual cellular morphological heterogeneity of patients. The classification system was used for the morphological analysis of 40 APL patients, and the classification results were statistically analyzed with the patients' conventional test indexes and gene variant characteristics to analyze the correlation of different APL blast cell morphological features with conventional test indexes and gene variants. In the FLT3-ITD mutation-positive group, there were significantly fewer cells with regular nuclear shape, hyper granularity, and missing Auer rods (category 1) than in the FLT3 mutation-negative group (P < 0.05). The activated partial thromboplastin (APTT) was significantly longer in the group with regular nucleus compared to the group with irregular nucleus (P < 0.05). In the hypo-granular group, the APTT was also significantly longer compared to the hyper-granular group (P < 0.01), and the proportion of myeloid blast cells was relatively lower (P < 0.05). The peripheral blood white blood cell counts, D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase and proportion of bone marrow blast cells were significantly higher in the Auer rods (-) group than Auer rods increasing group (all P < 0.05). The newly established morphologic classification system in this study can objectively characterize different types of APL blast cells, which helps to better assess the intra- and inter-individual heterogeneity of APL blast cells, and further use in accurately analyzing the correlation of morphological phenotypes with biological properties of APL.

Origin of regularity in different nuclei from the viewpoint of the effective quadrupole deformation and triaxiality

This paper presents a theoretical investigation of the possible relation between the regularity of nuclei and the quadrupole deformation of different levels (and also triaxiality). The present paper aims to uncover the underlying physical reasons for this regularity. To this aim, we calculated the effective quadrupole deformation of different levels using the interacting boson model. Also, different ratios between the quadrupole deformations of the energy levels in the ground, beta, and gamma bands are defined. The results for the energy levels confirm the correctness of labeling these states by the quantum numbers of U(5) and SU(3) dynamical symmetry limits (and also the extraction processes). Also, we observed a repetition pattern for these ratios for regular nuclei. Of course, the regularity and sameness of repetition patterns for the levels of the rotational bands are more than the levels of the ground band. For further study, we analyzed the effective quadrupole deformation values of different levels of regular nuclei using random matrix theory. The results show a strong statistical correlation for these quantities and confirm the observed repetition pattern. Also, the results of our studies showed that regular nuclei have triaxial properties.

MSNSegNet: attention-based multi-shape nuclei instance segmentation in histopathology images.

In clinical research, the segmentation of irregularly shaped nuclei, particularly in mesenchymal areas like fibroblasts, is crucial yet often neglected. These irregular nuclei are significant for assessing tissue repair in immunotherapy, a process involving neovascularization and fibroblast proliferation. Proper segmentation of these nuclei is vital for evaluating immunotherapy's efficacy, as it provides insights into pathological features. However, the challenge lies in the pronounced curvature variations of these non-convex nuclei, making their segmentation more difficult than that of regular nuclei. In this work, we introduce an undefined task to segment nuclei with both regular and irregular morphology, namely multi-shape nuclei segmentation. We propose a proposal-based method to perform multi-shape nuclei segmentation. By leveraging the two-stage structure of the proposal-based method, a powerful refinement module with high computational costs can be selectively deployed only in local regions, improving segmentation accuracy without compromising computational efficiency. We introduce a novel self-attention module to refine features in proposals for the sake of effectiveness and efficiency in the second stage. The self-attention module improves segmentation performance by capturing long-range dependencies to assist in distinguishing the foreground from the background. In this process, similar features get high attention weights while dissimilar ones get low attention weights. In the first stage, we introduce a residual attention module and a semantic-aware module to accurately predict candidate proposals. The two modules capture more interpretable features and introduce additional supervision through semantic-aware loss. In addition, we construct a dataset with a proportion of non-convex nuclei compared with existing nuclei datasets, namely the multi-shape nuclei (MsN) dataset. Our MSNSegNet method demonstrates notable improvements across various metrics compared to the second-highest-scoring methods. For all nuclei, the score improved by approximately 1.66 , by about 2.15 , and by roughly 0.65 . For non-convex nuclei, which are crucial in clinical applications, our method's improved significantly by approximately 3.86 and by around 2.54 . These enhancements underscore the effectiveness of our approach on multi-shape nuclei segmentation, particularly in challenging scenarios involving irregularly shaped nuclei.

Exploring the histogenesis of STK11 adnexal tumour using electron microscopy

STK11 adnexal tumour is a recently described female genital tract tumour, usually identified in a paratubal location, often associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) and with STK11 gene alterations identified in most of the cases. Morphologically, this tumour is composed of cells arranged in a variety of patterns, including cords, trabeculae, tubules and cystic and acinar structures. The cells are only moderately pleomorphic and mitotic activity is variable. As tumour cells express epithelial, sex cord stromal and mesothelial markers, STK11 adnexal tumour may be of sex cord stromal, epithelial or mesothelial origin; a Wolffian origin has also been suggested. We report the ultrastructural features of two STK11 adnexal tumours and compare their ultrastructural features with those of other sex cord stromal tumours, a granulosa cell tumour cell line, as well as the known ultrastructural features of epithelial, mesothelial and Wolffian cells. On ultrastructural examination, two STK11 adnexal tumours showed an admixture of elongated cells with regular elongated nuclei and polygonal cells with nuclei showing markedly irregular outlines and prominent nucleoli. Extracellular collagen fibres were identified. These are common ultrastructural features of sex cord stromal tumours, principally sex cord tumour with annular tubules; no ultrastructural features of epithelial, mesothelial or Wolffian cells were found. These findings in conjunction with the shared clinical and genetic association with PJS and shared molecular changes in STK11 gene suggest that STK11 adnexal tumour represents a poorly differentiated sex cord tumour.

The Benevolent Wen-Hepatocellular Adenoma

Hepatocellular adenoma emerges as a benign, solitary neoplasm of hepatocellular origin preponderantly arising within non cirrhotic hepatic parenchyma. Lesion occurs secondary to obesity, metabolic syndrome and consumption of anabolic steroids or non-contraceptive oestrogen supplements. Concurrent to genetic mutations, hepatocellular adenoma is categorized as hepatocellular adenoma associated with HNF1A genetic mutation, hepatocellular adenoma associated with β catenin genetic mutation, inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma, sonic hedgehog (SHH) hepatocellular adenoma or hepatocellular adenoma, not otherwise specified. Cytological assessment exhibits bland, uniform hepatocytes permeated with regular nuclei and decimated nucleocytoplasmic ratio. Tumefaction may display a pseudo-acinar arrangement, foci of steatosis and attenuated, mildly thickened one to two cell thick cell plates with a well-defined perimeter and characteristic unpaired arterial configurations. Hepatocellular adenoma appears immune reactive to HepPar1 or reticulin and immune non-reactive to glypican 3, CD34 or HSP70. Neoplasm requires segregation from neoplasms such as focal nodular hyperplasia, well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma, mass effect due to an adjacent mass lesion, haemangioma, lymphoma, echinococcal cyst, hepatoblastoma, and localized fatty change or metastatic lesions arising from various primaries, confined to hepatic parenchyma. Hepatocellular adenoma may be appropriately managed with surgical extermination.

Seepage and Swelling-Neuroendocrine Tumour Testis

Neuroendocrine tumour of testis configures a well differentiated neuroendocrine tumour or a low grade, epithelial neoplasm demonstrating neuroendocrine differentiation. Testicular neuroendocrine tumour may concur with pre-pubertal teratoma or exceptionally articulate as a post-pubertal subtype. Tumour cells manifest with a near diploid genotype. Tumour cells appear devoid of is chromosome 12p or numerical aberrations confined to X chromosome. Cytological examination exhibits isolated singular cells or sheets of neoplastic cells permeated with granular cytoplasm, uniform, spherical nuclei and evenly distributed, fine nuclear chromatin. Morphologically, tumefaction exhibits cellular nests, glands with intra-luminal mucin, solid sheets, insular, acinar or trabecular pattern of tumour evolution. Monomorphic neoplastic cells are pervaded with abundant, granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm, regular spherical nuclei and fine or salt and pepper nuclear chromatin, encompassed within a delicate, fibrous or hyalinised stroma.

Carcinoid tumorlet/typical carcinoid of the lung: An incidental bronchoscopic finding and cytological dilemma

Carcinoid tumors of the lung are low-grade neuroendocrine tumors with the potential to progress to high-grade tumors. Diagnosing a typical carcinoid of the lung/tumorlet is a tough nut to crack, especially in their early stages when there is no well-defined lesion in the imaging. Besides, differentiating a carcinoid from low-grade adenocarcinomas of the lung cytologically is quite challenging due to their similar morphology. We report a case of typical carcinoid of lung/tumorlet in a 42-year-old male who presented with hemoptysis. Flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy revealed a bump in the right middle bronchus. Bronchial biopsy showed a cellular smear with a monotonous round to oval bland-looking cells distributed in singles and in acini, having a high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, scant cytoplasm, regular round nuclei, and inconspicuous nucleoli. No atypical mitotic figures or necrosis were seen. With these features, a cytological diagnosis of a typical carcinoid was made. Biopsy was not attempted again due to the small size of the lesion and inaccessibility. Serum chromogranin levels were elevated, confirming the diagnosis. The PET scan was unremarkable. The patient was referred to medical oncology for further management. This report will create awareness about diagnosing early carcinoid/tumorlet, especially with the increasing use of bronchoscopy and cytological diagnostic caution of overdiagnosis of malignancy.

Characterization of the pancreas of common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus): A light and transmission electron microscope study.

The present work was carried out to investigate the structure and ultra structure of the pancreas in the common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus). Totally, five healthy adult pheasant were used. The pancreas was assessed using histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The pancreas was composed of four lobes: dorsal, ventral, third, and splenic lobes. These lobes emptied into ascending duodenum through three excretory ducts as: ventral duct, splenic duct, and a common duct for dorsal and third lobes. The exocrine pancreas was constituted of pyramidal-shaped acinar cells with aggregation of zymogen granules at their apical cytoplasm. The endocrine pancreas was identified as large islet of Langerhans as α islets and small islets as β ones. No mixed islet was observed. At the level of TEM, two types of acinar cells were distinguished: Dark cells with electron dense cytoplasm, and indented nucleus, Light cells with electron lucent cytoplasm, and regular nucleus. The α islets were mainly constituted by A and D cells, whereas the β islets principally contained B cells and a few A cells. No D cells were identified in β islets. B cells were characterized by their polymorphic granules which were surrounded by a narrow halo zone. The granules of D cells were quite different. These cells contained large spherical granules with lower density as compared to the A or B granules surrounded by a limiting membrane. In conclusion, the pancreas of the common pheasant has a species-specific feature which must be considered in phylogenic studies. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The common pheasant's pancreas was composed of four lobes as dorsal, ventral, third, and splenic lobe. There were three excretory ducts. Ventral duct for ventral lobe, a common duct for both dorsal and third lobes, and a distinct splenic duct for splenic lobe. The exocrine acini were composed of two distinct types of cells: dark cells and light cells. The large alpha islets were composed of alpha cells and a few numbers of delta cells and small beta islets were composed of beta cells and a few numbers of alpha cells.

The sclerosing sertoli cell tumor of the testis: a case report

BackgroundTesticular Sertoli cell tumor (SCT) is very rare sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor, and sclerosing SCT (SSCT) is even rarer. So far, no more than 50 cases of SSCT have been reported. 80% of SSCTs are less than 2 cm in diameter, large volume mass is pretty unusual. SSCT is usually benign with very low malignant potential. However, it is easily misdiagnosed as a malignant tumor resulting in the removal of the entire testicle.Case presentationA 55-year-old Chinese male patient presented with a six months’ history of right testis progressively enlargement and negative tumor markers. The physical examination was nothing special except for swelling in the right testicle. Imaging identified a large mass in right testicle with rich blood. A right radical orchiectomy was performed on suspicion of malignancy. However, the tumor was postoperatively diagnosed as SSCT, which pathologically consisted of a tubular pattern with regular nuclei and embedded in a densely collagenous stroma, as well as diffusely positive for vimentin, β-catenin and synaptophysin. After 7 months of follow up, no evidence of local recurrence and metastasis has been observed.ConclusionThis rare case is helpful to expand the knowledge of the testicular tumor and alert us fully understand the rare variant of SCTs in order to choose the optimal management when they encounter SSCT.

Extraenteric Malignant Gastrointestinal Neuroectodermal Tumor—A Clinicopathologic and Molecular Genetic Study of 11 Cases

Malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumors (MGNETs), also known as “gastrointestinal clear cell sarcoma–like tumors”, are very rare, aggressive sarcomas characterized by enteric location, distinctive pathologic features, and EWSR1/FUS::ATF1/CREB1 fusions. Despite identical genetics, the clinicopathologic features of MGNET are otherwise quite different from those of clear cell sarcoma of soft parts. Only exceptional extraenteric MGNET (E-MGNET) has been reported. We report a series of 11 E-MGNETs, the largest to date. Cases diagnosed with MGNET and occurring in nonintestinal locations were retrieved. A clinical follow-up was obtained. The tumors occurred in 3 men and 8 women (range, 14-70 years of age; median, 33 years) and involved the soft tissues of the neck (3), shoulder (1), buttock (2), orbit (1), tongue/parapharyngeal space (1), urinary bladder (1), and falciform ligament/liver (1). Tumors showed morphologic features of enteric MGNET (small, relatively uniform, round to ovoid cells with round, regular nuclei containing small nucleoli growing in multinodular and vaguely lobular patterns, with solid, pseudoalveolar, and pseudopapillary architecture). Immunohistochemical results were S100 protein (11/11), SOX10 (11/11), synaptophysin (3/10), CD56 (7/9), CD117 (3/9), DOG1 (0/4), ALK (4/8), chromogranin A (0/10), HMB-45 (0/11), Melan-A (0/11), tyrosinase (0/4), and MiTF (0/11). Next-generation sequencing results were EWSR1::ATF1 (7 cases), EWSR1::CREB1 (3 cases), and EWSR1::PBX1 (1 case). The EWSR1::PBX1-positive tumor was similar to other cases, including osteoclast-like giant cells, and negative for myoepithelial markers. A clinical follow-up (range, 10-70 months; median, 34 months) showed 4 patients dead of disease (10.5, 12, 25, and 64 months after diagnosis), 1 patient alive with extensive metastases (43 months after diagnosis), 1 patient alive with persistent local disease (11 months after diagnosis), and 4 alive without disease (10, 47, 53, and 70 months after diagnosis). One case is too recent for the follow-up. The clinicopathologic and molecular genetic features of rare E-MGNET are essentially identical to those occurring in intestinal locations. Otherwise, typical E-MGNET may harbor EWSR1::PBX1, a finding previously unreported in this tumor type. As in enteric locations, the behavior of E-MGNET is aggressive, with metastases and/or death from disease in at least 50% of patients. E-MGNET should be distinguished from clear cell sarcoma of soft parts and other tumors with similar fusions. ALK expression appears to be a common feature of tumors harboring EWSR1/FUS::ATF1/CREB1 fusion but is unlikely to predict the therapeutic response to ALK inhibition. Future advances in our understanding of these unusual tumors will hopefully lead to improved nomenclature.

New pattern in regular nuclei based on their experimental quadrupole transition rates and some new candidates

In this paper, we tried to get a new signature of regular nuclei based on their quadrupole transition rates. We have analyzed the experimental electric quadrupole transition probabilities of well-known "regular nuclei". The results indicate finding specific repetition patterns for E2 transition rates, similar to what has been reported for the energy levels of these nuclei. We also tested the existence of this observed repetition scheme for all known isotopes whose experimental transition rates are available and introduced several new candidates as regular nuclei. Then, the energy spectra (Experimental) of these new suggested "regular nuclei" are investigated in the framework of the Interacting Boson Model, in which the parameters of Hamiltonian confirm the placement of these nuclei in the "Alhassid-Whelan arc of regularity" region. In order to further study the statistical distribution of experimental energy levels related to the electromagnetic transitions we are considering, we studied using the random matrix theory. The results confirmed their regularity.

The use of multilayer perceptron and radial basis function: an artificial intelligence model to predict progression of oral cancer.

The use of multilayer perceptron and radial basis function: an artificial intelligence model to predict progression of oral cancer.

An institutional experience with DICER1 mutated thyroid nodules-evaluating the cytomorphology and molecular phenotype.

DICER1 mutated thyroid nodules are commonly seen in pediatric populations often, as part of DICER1 syndrome. We seek to evaluate DICER1 mutated thyroid nodules in adult populations to assess whether there exists distinctive clinical, cytologic, histologic, and molecular characteristics that underline our institutional cohort. Retrospective analysis was performed on all fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens with a corresponding ThyroSeq panel, to select a cohort of cases with DICER1 mutations. Clinical, radiologic, and cytology materials were reviewed, and histology was reviewed for corresponding resection cases were available. ThyroSeq panel was further scrutinized for additional molecular alterations and variant allele frequency. DICER1 mutated thyroid nodules (n = 8), more commonly occurred in younger adults (P = 0.01) with larger (P = 0.01) nodules and only in female patients in our cohort. FNA commonly demonstrates cellular specimens with banal cytomorphologic cues including regular nuclei, inconspicuous nucleoli, smooth nuclear membranes, and abundant colloid. On retrospective review by 2 cytopathologists, the lesions were frequently diagnosed as Bethesda II (5 of 8) by both reviewers. Histology, when available, showed that all nodules were categorized as follicular adenomas (5 of 5), often demonstrating macrofollicles with papillary excrescences demonstrating bland nuclei (4 of 5). DICER1 mutational profile revealed a variant allele frequency of &gt;40% in 25% of cases (2 of 8) and &gt;30% in an additional 4 cases, highlighting a possible germline association. DICER1 mutated nodules may be under-reported due to banal cytomorphologic features and may be associated with an underlying germline alteration.

S2556 A Case of Pancreatic Gastrinoma Diagnosed by Endoscopic Ultrasound

Introduction: Gastrinomas are a rare neuroendocrine tumor that predominantly secretes gastrin and leads to peptic ulcer disease, acid reflux, and malabsorption. Diagnosis is usually made by gastrin levels and secretin stimulation test (SST). Here, we present a case of gastrinoma diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). Case Description/Methods: 49 year old female with chronic pancreatitis secondary to alcohol presented for syncopal episode. She noted melena for the last 4 days, with a similar episode 2 years ago found to have “bad stomach ulcers”, but with no follow-up. She was transfused blood and started on PPI upon arrival. Upper endoscopy showed thickened gastric folds and extensive ulceration from duodenum to jejunum suggestive of gastric acid hypersecretion. Further work up showed gastrin 436 and gastric acid pH 1-2. Due to concern for outpatient follow-up, octreotide scan was done which was negative. We proceeded to EUS with the patient’s consent, which showed atrophic pancreas with calcification throughout, and a 2-3 cm focal parenchyma devoid of calcification suspicious for mass from which fine needle aspiration (FNA) was performed. Pathology confirmed a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor. Patient was continued on PPI and referred outpatient for surgical resection. Discussion: The screening criteria of gastrinoma is fasting gastrin level > 1000 pg/mL and gastric pH < 2. SST can confirm diagnosis for those without active severe manifestations due to risks of stopping PPI in these patients. For localization, Ga-68 dotatate PET CT is the most sensitive test while octreotide scan has lower sensitivity and specificity. If these are unsuccessful, EUS and exploratory laparotomy may be considered. In this case, our patient was difficult to diagnose. Her clinical and endoscopic findings were highly suggestive of gastrinoma, however her initial tests were inconclusive and an SST was unable to be performed due to her acute presentation. With our endoscopy team, a suggestive pancreatic lesion was biopsied and confirmed the diagnosis. EUS is a relatively low risk procedure that allows for FNA as an alternative to diagnose gastrinomas. Studies have found that EUS has high sensitivity for detection and localization, particularly for pancreatic tumors, and can detect even small tumors. Therefore, EUS can be an effective and safe method to diagnosis that can lead to definitive treatment.Figure 1.: (a) Numerous large, circumferential duodenal ulcers on EGD. (b) Ulcer extension to the jejunum on EGD. (c) Atrophic calcified pancreas with focal area devoid of calcifications between pancreatic neck and body on EUS. (d) H&E showing polygonal cells with round, regular nuclei. (e) Synaptophysin positivity for neuroendocrine differentiation supporting gastinoma.

Improving porcine SCNT efficiency by selecting donor cells size

ABSTRACT Considerable advancements have recently been achieved in porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), but the efficiency remains low. Donor cell size might play an important role in SCNT, but its effects in pigs remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of porcine SCNT by selecting donor cells of suitable size. Porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs) were divided into three groups, group S (small, d ≤ 13 μm), group M (medium, 13 μm<d ≤ 18 μm), and group L (large, d > 18 μm), and their biological characteristics were analyzed. Next, SCNT was performed using PFFs of different sizes to evaluate the developmental potential of reconstructed embryos. The data showed that PFFs in groups S, M and L accounted for 17.5%, 47.7% and 34.8% of cells, respectively. Morphologically, cells in group S exhibited clear and regular cell membranes and nuclei, whereas cells in groups M and L displayed varying degrees of cell membrane protuberance, karyo-pyknosis, autophagy and mitochondrial abnormalities. In addition, the growth status and proliferation capabilities of cells in group S were significantly better than those of group M and group L. The percentage of cells at G0/G1 in group S and M were significantly greater than group L. The senescence rate of group S was lower than group M and group L. The apoptosis rate of group S was significantly lower than that of group L but comparable to that of group M . The cleavage rate of group S was also significantly greater than that of group M but comparable to that of group L . The blastocyst rate of group S was significantly greater than that of group M and group L. The blastocyst cell numbers of group S were also significantly greater than those of group M and group L. These findings suggested that small PFFs with a diameter of less than 13 μm are more suitable donor cells for SCNT in pigs. Abbreviations: DMEM: Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; PBS: Phosphate buffer saline; PFFs: Porcine fetal fibroblast cells; SCNT: Somatic cell nuclear transfer.

Les tumeurs glomiques gastriques. Intérêt des biopsies sous échoendoscopie pour le diagnostic. À propos de deux cas

Glomus tumors are rare mesenchymal tumors, mostly benign, although a few malignant cases have been described in the literature. These tumors are usually localized subcutaneously or subcutaneously, however they may exceptionally be gastric localized. We report two new observations diagnosed on biopsies performed by echo endoscopy. The first was a 66-year-old man and the second a 78-year-old man. In both cases, the lesions were on astral, nodular, and very limited location. The biopsies revealed a tumor proliferation of trabecular architecture, composed by monomorphic cells, with eosinophilic cytoplasm, medium size, with a rounded, regular nucleus, without mitosis or necrosis, with distended and branched capillaries on the periphery. In immunohistochemical studies, tumor cells expressed smooth muscle actin and caldesmone. The proliferation index KI 67 was very low. In practice, however, preoperative diagnosis remains difficult because there is no typical appearance in imaging or echo-endoscopy to distinguish them from other gastric parietal tumors. To date, there is no consensus on the therapeutic management of gastric glomus tumors. However, endoscopic resection by dissection under the mucosa associated with endoscopic monitoring seems to be a method of choice as well as a way to postpone open or laparoscopic surgery, especially when these tumors are small (<30mm).

The role of trans-vp28 gene Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 in the defense against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)

To develop a more comprehensive understanding of the efficacy of trans-vp28 gene Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and its effect on white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), this study investigated the activities of several immune-related enzymes including acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and peroxidase (POD) in muscle and hepatopancreas of Penaeus vannamei, and conducted a more intuitive analysis from the perspective of histopathology. P. vannamei were orally fed trans-vp28 gene Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 for 10 days and then challenged with WSSV. The cumulative survival rate, activities of enzymes and the histopathology were determined. The results show that on the 7th day after challenge, the survival rate of the experimental group (i.e., challenged and fed mutant Synechocystis sp. cells) and the wild type group (i.e., challenged and fed wild type Synechocystis sp. cells) were 80.2% and 26.4%, respectively, while all shrimp in the positive control group (i.e., challenged, but no vaccination) died. There was no death in the negative control group (i.e., no vaccination or challenge). After immunization, the activities of ACP, AKP and POD in both tissues were the highest in the experimental group. After challenge, the final enzyme activities of the three enzymes in the experimental group were higher than those in the positive control group and the wild type group. The results of histopathology showed that muscle fibers in the negative control group were neatly arranged with numerous and evenly distributed nuclei, while muscle fibers in the positive control group and the wild type group were wavy. The nuclei of muscle fibers in the positive control group were also swollen and unevenly distributed. The nuclei of the muscle fibers in the experimental group were slightly clustered, and the muscle fibers were arranged neatly. In hepatopancreas samples, narrow cell gaps and regular nuclei were observed in the negative control group. The connective tissue and cell walls were severely damaged and the cells were degraded in the positive control group. However, although the connective tissue of the experimental group was slightly loose, the cells were orderly and the nuclei were arranged neatly. These results indicated that trans-vp28 gene Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 could improve the immunity of shrimp.

The Possible Protective Effect of Vitamin E on Pancreas of AdultMale Albino Rats Treated with Bleomycin Sulfate

AbstractBackground: Bleomycin sulfate is a chemotherapeuticantibiotic that may has adverse effects on both the exocrineand endocrine component of the pancreas.Aim of Study: This study was designed to assess the effect of bleomycinsulfate on pancreas of adult male albino rats and the possible protection by vitamin E administration.Material and Methods: Twenty-five adult male albinorats were divided into three groups: Group I: Control group,Group II: Bleomycin sulfate treated group and Group III:Bleomycin sulfate and vitamin E treated group. At the end ofthe experiment, pancreas was taken out and processed forlight, electron microscopic examinations and anti-insulinimmunohistochemical staining. The percentage area of anti-insulin antibody reaction was measured and statisticallyanalyzed.Results: Treatment with bleomycin sulfate showed variablemarked histopathological changes. Distortion of the normalarchitecture of the pancreatic tissue with areas of hemorrhage,vacuolation and necrosis either in the acini or islets of Lang-erhans with loss of differentiation between beta cells andalpha cells. Histopathological changes were diminished afterreceiving vitamin E. The acinar cells were more regular withbasophilic rounded basal nuclei and apical acidophilic cyto-plasm. The islet of Langerhans restored its normal shape andsize with nearly regular out line.Conclusion: Vitamin E could protect the pancreas againstbleomycin sulfate-induced alteration in adult male albino rats.

A new morphologic classification system for acute promyelocytic leukemia distinguishes cases with underlyingPLZF/RARA gene rearrangements

AbstractAcute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is typified by the t(15;17) translocation, which leads to the formation of thePML/RARA fusion gene and predicts a beneficial response to retinoids. However, approximately 10% of all APL cases lack the classic t(15;17). This group includes (1) cases with cryptic PML/RARA gene rearrangements and t(5;17) that leads to the NPM/RARA fusion gene, which are retinoid-responsive, and (2) cases with t(11;17)(q23;q21) that are associated with the PLZF/RARA fusion gene, which are retinoid-resistant. A key issue is how to rapidly distinguish subtypes of APL that demand distinct treatment approaches. To address this issue, a European workshop was held in Monza, Italy, during June 1997, and a morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular review was undertaken in 60 cases of APL lacking t(15;17). This process led to the development of a novel morphologic classification system that takes into account the major nuclear and cytoplasmic features of APL. There were no major differences observed in morphology or immunophenotype between cases with the classic t(15;17) and those with the cryptic PML/RARAgene rearrangements. Auer rods were absent in the t(5;17) case expressing NPM/RARA. Interestingly, this classification system distinguished 9 cases with t(11;17)(q23;q21) and, in addition, successfully identified 2 cases lacking t(11;17), which were subsequently shown to have underlying PLZF/RARA fusions. The PLZF/RARAcases were characterized by a predominance of blasts with regular nuclei, an increased number of Pelger-like cells, and by expression of CD56 in 4 of 6 cases tested. Use of this classification system, combined with an analysis for CD56 expression, should allow early recognition of APL cases requiring tailored molecular investigations.