Regular Learning Research Articles

Turn Sequence and Classroom Discourse: IRF and its Role in Language learning

Classroom discourse is considered an important aspect of learning and teaching the new language. The turn sequence is one type of classroom discourse and it’s considered as an important way to learn the skill of speaking the English Language, and one type of classroom discourse is the (IRF) pattern. IRF pattern is an abbreviation for (teacher initiation, students’ response, and feedback or follow up by (teacher or student). This research focuses on discussing classroom discourse and the (IRF) pattern as an important way to discover the role of it in learning the English Language. It also focuses on the teacher's role, as the dominant power of discourse inside the classroom and how to use the (IRF) pattern to encourage students to participate in different activities inside their classes. Data were collected from a regular English Language Learning classroom, and then the data were transcribed and analyzed to show how the (IRF) pattern was used in the classroom. The results showed that the use of turn sequence and the IRF pattern was very useful to stimulate and encourage students and learners of English Language to participate by talking about different things inside the classroom either between their teacher and themselves or between the students but by the help of the teacher.

A Deep Learning Method for DOA Estimation with Covariance Matrices in Reverberant Environments

Acoustic source localization in the spherical harmonic domain with reverberation has hitherto not been extensively investigated. Moreover, deep learning frameworks have been utilized to estimate the direction-of-arrival (DOA) with spherical microphone arrays under environments with reverberation and noise for low computational complexity and high accuracy. This paper proposes three different covariance matrices as the input features and two different learning strategies for the DOA task. There is a progressive relationship among the three covariance matrices. The second matrix can be obtained by processing the first matrix and it effectively filters out the effects of the microphone array and mode strength to some extent. The third matrix can be obtained by processing the second matrix and it further efficiently removes information irrelevant to location information. In terms of the strategies, the first strategy is a regular learning strategy, while the second strategy is to split the task into three parts to be performed in parallel. Experiments were conducted both on the simulated and real datasets to show that the proposed method has higher accuracy than the conventional methods and lower computational complexity. Thus, the proposed method can effectively resist reverberation and noise.

Tantangan Dan Kesulitan Guru, Orang Tua Dan Siswa Dalam Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Tatap Muka pada Era New Normal Pandemi Covid-19

The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the way student learning It was originally carried out through the face-to-face method to online learning. Teachers and students face new challenges and begin to adapt to the implementation of learning during the Pandemic. Through KSB (Joint Decree) 4 Ministers on December 21, 2021, the government decided to begin PTM ( limited face-to-face learning) from January 2022. This study aims to find out what are the difficulties and challenges that teachers must face in implementing face-to-face learning after the Covid pandemic -19. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach. The data in this study were obtained from interviews and observations of teachers and students of MI Al-Kifayah Riau. Difficulties and challenges that must be faced by teachers are the difficulties in training students to consistently maintain health protocols, limited learning time, learning loss (loss or decline in students' knowledge and abilities), decreased motivation and interest in learning, there is no clarity on the rules for implementing the curriculum in the new normal era. Students also have difficulty getting up in the morning and getting ready to go to school, and can not study on a regular learning schedule.

Pedagogías emergentes desarrolladas en educación superior a partir del confinamiento por la covid-19

Presenting the results had the goal was to identify the knowledge obtained by the experience of teachers during the confinement for the pandemic, in the months of January to June 2020. The methodological approach was a mixture of two stages: The first one was quantitative, in which a survey was carried out on a suitable non-random sample on six universities with in the country. The second one was qualitative, in which semi-structured interviews were carried out on teachers that have experience on both regular learning and distance learning modes caused by the lockdown. The results, from a systemic perspective on the emergent situation, allowed us to recognize the institutions and teachers as knowledge managers. We can observe how the actors managed to bring balance to their institutional structures, as well as to the teaching and learning processes. Notwithstanding the fact that this research was carried out on private universities and that only the learning experience acquired by the transitioning to distant learning was retrieved, the findings contribute pedagogical field create in the crisis, regarding the efficient learning-oriented measurements and organizational structure.

IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM PEMBELAJARAN MASA NEW NORMAL SEKOLAH DASAR DI KOTA PADANG TAHUN 2020-2021

This study describes the situation of the New Normal learning period. Anxiety in the community who wants face-to-face learning to be carried out again. The method used is descriptive qualitative research method, namely research that describes the actual conditions. This research is used to analyze events, phenomena, or social realities by including analysis and interpretation of the problems studied. This research is expected to be able to see how the implementation of learning during the new normal is carried out in accordance with the provisions that apply during the covid 19 period that hit the city of Padang. Data obtained from various sources, data collection techniques through instruments carried out by researchers, such as observation, interviews and documentation. Research subjects are informants, namely people who provide a description of the current situation, namely a social situation or social situation which consists of three elements, namely place (palce), actors (actors), and activities (activity) that interact synergistically. Then the analysis and conclusion, the location of this research in the city of Padang. This study sees that in the implementation of the new normal learning period after being online for a long time, it must follow the applicable rules and careful preparation in the midst of the covid 19 virus siege. Considering further that many parents of elementary school students want to return to regular learning face to face. Judging from the results of this study, learning in the new normal period is carried out well if there is cooperation between teachers, students and parents in studying at home. Full guidance for children, and the readiness of parents to take their time and continue to carry out health protocols as a condition for face-to-face learning to be reopened.

Construction of Public English Curriculum System Based on Cloud Interactive Teaching Mode and Cloud Computing

English teaching can be divided into two complementary ways: classroom teaching and neural network autonomous learning, namely, physical English teaching and virtual English teaching. On the cloud interaction and cloud computing platform, teachers upload teaching resources, and students can view learning resources, submit assignments, and interact through mobile terminals such as mobile phones, notebooks, and iPads, so as to achieve all-round teacher-student interaction that breaks through time and space constraints and create a “live” classroom for ubiquitous English learning. This paper constructs a public English curriculum system based on the “cloud interaction” teaching mode. This model fully combines the actual English level of students and adopts practical teaching methods in both classroom introduction and classroom teaching. The model lets students easily integrate into regular learning activities, interpret language on the examples and life fragments around students, and accept language naturally and improves the effect of language teaching.

How Energy Maintains Social Sustainability of Teachers’ Learning Communities: New Insights from a Blended Professional Learning Network

Social sustainability of teacher communities addresses the risk of teacher isolation and low teacher vitality. Blended professional learning networks (B-PLNs) providing online and face-to-face collegial learning are booming in the Web 2.0 era to support teachers in the face of various challenges. So far, what is lacking is a thorough investigation into the process where teachers break teacher isolation, regain their energy, and sustain the life of B-PLNs. The purpose of this case study was to investigate reoccurring topics shared in a sustainable B-PLN for EFL teachers in Taiwan. This B-PLN has attracted over 4600 members online and holds regular learning activities. Participants were interviewed to reflect on their experience in the target B-PLN. Applying content analysis, we generated a two-cycle coding scheme through the lens of self-determination and ego depletion theories. The results revealed that teachers initially joined the B-PLN with low energy, showing prominent need for competence. At the process stage, their energy rose with the need for relatedness noticeably satisfied. Finally, collective vitality of altruism, engagement, empowerment, and positive emotions uniquely emerged. Further, immediate keyword feedback complemented the findings. We argued that the transition from low individual energy to high collective energy demonstrates the social sustainability process of this influential B-PLN.

Collaborative Filtering Recommendation of Music MOOC Resources Based on Spark Architecture.

With the rapid development of MOOC platforms, MOOC resources have grown substantially, causing the problem of information overload. It is difficult for users to select the courses they need from a large number of MOOC resources. It is necessary to help users select the right music courses and at the same time make the outstanding music courses stand out. Recommendation systems are considered a more efficient way to solve the information overload problem. To improve the accuracy of the recommendation results of music MOOC resources, a mixed collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm based on Spark architecture is proposed. First, the user data and item data are modeled and scored by the collaborative filtering algorithm, then the tree structure of the XGBoost model and the features of regular learning are combined to predict the scores, and then the two algorithms are mixed to solve the optimal objective function to obtain the set of candidate recommendation data. Then, the frog-jumping algorithm is used to train the weighting factors, and the optimal combination of weighting factors is used as the training result of the samples to realize the data analysis of the mixed collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm. The experimental results in the music MOOC resource show that the average absolute error and root mean square error of the proposed method are 0.406 and 1.117, respectively, when the sparsity is 30%, which are lower than those of other existing collaborative filtering recommendation methods, with higher accuracy and execution efficiency.

Medical Undergraduate Students’ Perception about Online Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic

BACKGROUND: The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic is great not only on general health but also on regular learning worldwide. AIM: This study analyzed medical undergraduate students’ feedback about online education at Taif University during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Five hundred undergraduate medical students from the four medical colleges at Taif University participated in the current study. They were requested to give their feedback about online medical education through an online questionnaire. The questionnaire was prepared and administered to the medical students at different academic levels through Google forms. The current study is a cross-sectional study. RESULTS: The respondents who can ask questions during e-classes were significantly higher than those who had not this opportunity. A significantly higher number of students reported that the shared material was useful. In addition, the study results indicated significantly poor student-teacher interaction during the e-classes. Finally, about 231 of the respondents (46.2%) preferred physical classes over e-classes and 140 of respondents (28%) preferred online classes over physical classes, and the remaining number, 129 (25.8%), mentioned that online and conventional education are both the same. CONCLUSION: Most students said that conventional education is better than online education. The combination of online and formal education can be implemented after the COVID-19 pandemic to satisfy all parties.

Randomized controlled trial of an E-learning program for physiotherapy students to improve the management of rotator cuff related shoulder pain: a study protocol

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The majority of shoulder complaints are occurred due to rotator cuff pathologies. Although conservative treatments including physiotherapy are acknowledged as the first-line treatment approach in the management of shoulder pain, the uptake of physiotherapy practice is variable. One possible explanation of this could be the poor evidence-based knowledge mobilization to practice. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of an E-learning program on physiotherapy students' knowledge of evidence-based Rotator cuff-related shoulder pain (RCRSP) management and their confidence in applying this care compared to a control group.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A randomized controlled study will be carried with 146 fourth-year physiotherapy students. Students will be assigned to one of two groups: E-learning (N=73) or control (N=73). The outcomes will be: (1) RCRSP knowledge and clinical reasoning skills, and (2) self-reported confidence in RCRSP knowledge and clinical reasoning abilities. Both measurements will be held at baseline and post-intervention. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first trial to investigate if a specifically designed E-learning program besides a regular learning curriculum, improves students’ knowledge and self-confidence in the RCRSP management. Enhancing students’ after-graduation readiness to manage patients with RCRSP may help to allow patients access to evidence-informed physiotherapists.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This trial was registered on clinicalTrials.gov on 17 June 2021 (NCT04952623)<strong></strong></p>

THE EFFECT OF COMBINING TEACHING GAMES ON ACADEMIC ‎ACHIEVEMENT

The study deals with the effect of combining games in teaching on the ‎academic achievements in the subject of multiplication in mathematics. The ‎teaching games discussed by the study are: "Social Interaction Assistance" ‎and "Stay in a Movement Learning Activity" of a teaching game, aimed at ‎improving any behavior that is aimed at the purpose of study‏.‏ The study involved 50 students from the same grade (third grade) who had ‎once participated in control groups (regular learning) without any use of ‎games) and once in an experimental group (using games in teaching) and then ‎found that the group that experienced learning with the help of teaching ‎games, reached higher and clearer achievements in the field of multiplication ‎compared to the control group. And also, it emerged from the study that ‎there is a significant positive correlation between the variables of teaching ‎games and the improvement in academic achievement.

Evaluation of Online Learning Students Perception Pre and Post Covid-19 with Special Reference to Tirunelveli District

The COVID-19 pandemic has struck the education system around the world. The pandemic started an immediate and complete lockdown of all the educational institutions, to keep social distancing. According to healthcare professionals, lockdown and social distancing could help to flatten the infection curve and reduce total fatalities from the COVID-19 pandemic. It has affected more than 90% of the world's learners, as the regular learning approaches are not appropriate in this out of the ordinary times and online learning seems to have become critical salvation for learning, the educational institutions attempt to minimize the community spread of the disease. All the people participating in the education system accepted that teaching and learning methods need to be altered in the period of COVID-19 as the situation led to the forced adaptation of e-learning methods. This paper investigates and evaluates the Online Learning Students Perception Pre and Post Covid-19 with Special Reference to Tirunelveli District.

HyFlex Course Delivery: Addressing the Change in Course Modality Brought on by the Pandemic

Teacher preparation programs need quality training courses that offer flexible, interactive alternatives to isolating online courses and classroom-based programs that limit students to a specific place and time. The HyFlex course design provides a solution by combining internet video instruction (such as Zoom), regular online learning, and face-to-face classroom experiences into one course where students can choose the method that best meets their individual learning needs and even alternate between methods throughout the course session. HyFlex aligns with learner centered instruction and offers a unique opportunity for educators to receive quality licensure courses. This article explores existing literature on the HyFlex course delivery method and discusses a case study done to examine student outcomes resulting from its use in a post-baccalaureate special education teacher licensure program.

Evaluasi Pengelolaan Obat dan Bahan Medis Habis Pakai di Puskesmas Kota Kupang serta Strategi Pengembangannya

The management of drugs and disposable medical supplies in healthcare units greatly affects the quality of healthcare services. However, the management is still not carried out optimally because it is not up to the standard. The Hanlon method is a basic priority rating system (Brief Priority Rating Scale, BPRS) which is used to compare health problems with relative and objective to identify factors that must be considered in determining a priority. This study aimed to describe and measure the efficiency of drugs and disposable medical supplies management in Healthcare Centers in Kupang City by using efficiency indicators and to develop the strategy using the Hanlon method. The design of this research is a descriptive quantitative-qualitative combination using retrospective and concurrent data. The sampling technique used was a total sampling of 11 Healthcare Centers in Kupang City, while the object of the study was the management of drugs and disposable medical supplies which were assessed using efficiency indicators. The results of research on the management of medicines and consumable medical materials at 11 Healthcare Centers in Kupang City have not been carried out efficiently because not all indicator values reached the standard, namely the suitability of drug items with DOEN and FORNAS, conformity of items received, the accuracy of planning, items expired or damaged, items that were not prescribed for 3 months, the level of availability of the drug, the percentage of drugs with generic names, use of antibiotics in patients with non-specific diarrhea and the average item per prescription sheet. Therefore it can be concluded that the management of drugs and disposable medical supplies in 11 Healthcare Centers in Kupang City using indicators at the selection, procurement, distribution, and use stages are not yet according to standards and the proposed improvements are proposed as a management development strategy, namely optimizing planning according to the needs of the health center, monitoring stock. and expiration date and conduct regular learning and growth of all human resources.

Tanmiyah Al-Mahārat Al-Lughawiyyah Li Thullāb Kuliyyah Al-‘Ulūm Wa Al-Tiknulūjiya Min Khilāl Al-Ta’līm Fī Al-Hawāi Al-Thalaq

The process of learning Arabic at PKPBA takes a long time and the material is quite difficult for most students because they are Mubtadi (beginners) level, science and technology children, which is 30% of the number of UIN students who study Arabic with a myriad of mentoring activities, practicums, regular learning also all done in the classroom or room. The design in this study uses mixed methods with commensurate status and none is dominant between the two types of research. Qualitative research to determine the application of outbound in improving the Arabic language skills of students of the Faculty of Science and Technology of UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang and the use of quantitative methods to obtain an increase in the language skills of students of Science and Technology and the level of motivation of students of the Faculty of Science of UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang by implementing outbound in improving Arabic skills. The results showed that the games were grouped in each language skill. Among them, in special skills, you can play numbered chairs and chain whispers. In Kalam skills with guessing games, and reading skills by sorting words and writing skills by stringing letters into correct and meaningful words. Motivation to learn with the application of this outbound is very high from the results of the questionnaire. And the category of motivation is instrumental motivation because foreign languages are seen solely as a means of meeting practical needs (for example to get a good and steady job), not as a means of approaching other nations' cultures.

188 Community Simulation Program Designed to Improve Recognition of The Deteriorating Patient and Escalation of Care Pathways

This abstract looks at how we implemented physical health simulations within community hospitals in late 2020 and more recently physical health simulation in mental health units.The objectives of these simulations were to improve the recognition of deteriorating patients and the appropriate escalation and/or transfer of care as well as ‘identifying latent errors through simulation’ We have run simulations in the community since October 2020 and in the mental health units in February 2021. These sessions have covered four main themes: SepsisHypoglycaemiaAnaphylaxisOpioid overdoseThese sessions were taken from pre-existing incidents such as the hypoglycaemic relative and anaphylaxis. We also added opioid overdose as this topic is relevant to both mental health units and community hospitals. We delivered a package of four simulations across 1 month at each unit. This allowed for a different simulation each week, regular learning outcomes and wider opportunity of contact with the staff working within these areas. These sessions were always well attended with staff even committing to learning on days off. This level of commitment shows a real desire to improve not only their own knowledge but also patient safety. We engaged over 50 staff on 9 separate sites (five community hospitals, four mental health wards). Staff have been very engaging and have really got behind these simulation sessions as well as the ward managers. By engaging both mental and physical health, it has helped to provide a wider audience of staff and helped to gain a parity of esteem across the trust in the provision of safety training and simulation. We have also identified a number of latent errors such as non-standardized provision of anaphylaxis adrenalin across the trust, staff unfamiliar with resuscitation equipment bags and equipment location within and identifying the lack of Glucagon within a Hypo box.The data collected from these sessions have shown a growth in confidence in identifying deteriorating patients and how to correctly implement and use escalation tools such as the sepsis pathway, electronic observations (E-Obs), anaphylaxis algorithms and the SBAR communication tool.These simulations have really allowed us to bridge the gap between the acute and community site, allowing for a greater parity of esteem for all patients. Further steps in this program will be delivering mental health simulations to all mental health units and community hospitals to further bridge the learning between physical health and mental health.

The Effect of Dehydroepiandrosterone Treatment on Neurogenesis, Astrogliosis and Long-Term Cocaine-Seeking Behavior in a Cocaine Self-Administration Model in Rats.

Cocaine addiction is an acquired behavioral state developed in vulnerable individuals after cocaine exposure. It is characterized by compulsive drug-seeking and high vulnerability to relapse even after prolonged abstinence, associated with decreased neurogenesis in the hippocampus. This addictive state is hypothesized to be a form of “memory disease” in which the drug exploits the physiological neuroplasticity mechanisms that mediate regular learning and memory processes. Therefore, a major focus of the field has been to identify the cocaine-induced neuroadaptations occurring in the usurped brain’s reward circuit. The neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) affects brain cell morphology, differentiation, neurotransmission, and memory. It also reduces drug-seeking behavior in an animal model of cocaine self-administration. Here, we examined the long-lasting effects of DHEA treatment on the attenuation of cocaine-seeking behavior. We also examined its short- and long-term influence on hippocampal cells architecture (neurons and astrocytes). Using a behavioral examination, immunohistochemical staining, and diffusion tensor imaging, we found an immediate effect on tissue density and activation of astrocytes, which has a continuous beneficial effect on neurogenesis and tissue organization. This research emphasizes the requites concert between astrocytes and neurons in the rehabilitation from addiction behavior. Thus, DHEA may serve as a treatment that corrects brain damage following exposure to and abstinence from cocaine.

Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Squenced (Urutan) Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Siswa Memahami Hukum Bacaan Mad Pada Bidang Studi Al Quran Hadis di Kelas VII MTs. Swasta Teladan Gebang

Efforts to improve connected skills through Squenced learning models for MTs students. Teladan Gebang Private. Grade VII MTs students. Teladan Gebang Private who obtain learning by using the Squenced learning model approach shows that the understanding of the Qur'anic material of the Hadith is significantly better than that of students who get regular learning. This can be seen from the average score of the connected ability of students in the study of the Qur'anic Hadith. Connected ability of VII grade MTs students. Teladan Gebang Private can be done by applying the Learning Squenced model. There is a significant relationship between the improvement of connected skills through the Learning Squenced model in MTs. Teladan Gebang Private. The attitude of students during the learning of the Qur'an the Hadith looks good, namely students have the enthusiasm to participate in classroom learning activities, students look more enthusiastic in learning and communication activities that occur during the learning process in the classroom runs effectively, as the communication runs two directions, namely from teacher to student and vice versa from students to teachers. Activities of students who get learning using learning models Squenced is more active in learning in class and students who get the application of learning models Squenced is more active in improving students' connected skills, and also students are more daring to ask or ask questions to teachers, and be more creative in solve the problem given, so the connected ability of MTs students. Teladan Gebang Private can be improved through the application of the Squenced model.

Implementasi Modul Pembelajaran Bidang Studi Al Qur’an Hadis Dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa Kelas VII MTs Swasta Tarbiyah Waladiyah Pulau Banyak

The objectives of this research are 1). To find out the use of student learning modules in Al-quran Hadith subjects for grade VII students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Private Tarbiyah Waladiyah Pulau Banyak. 2). To determine the ability of students to understand the material in the field of study of the Qur'an Hadith in class VII Madrasah Tsanawiyah Private Tarbiyah Waladiyah Pulau Banyak. 3). To find out whether the use of student learning modules can improve students' ability to understand the subject matter of the Qur'an Hadith for grade VII students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Private Tarbiyah Waladiyah Pulau Banyak. The method used in this research is the classroom action research method (CAR), which is action research carried out as a problem-solving strategy by utilizing real actions and then reflecting on the results of the action. The results of these actions and reflections are used as a step in selecting the next action according to the problems faced. Problem Identification: 1). Grade VII MTs students. Private Tarbiyah Waladiyah Tanjung Pura who received learning using the Teaching Module approach showed a significantly better understanding of Al-Quran Hadith material compared to students who received regular learning. This can be seen from the average score of students' understanding abilities in the field of study of the Qur'an and Hadith; 2). Understanding ability of students of class VII MTs. Private Tarbiyah Waladiyah Pulau Banyak can be done by applying the Teaching Module; 3). There is a significant relationship between increasing comprehension ability through the teaching module learning model in MTs. Private Tarbiyah Waladiyah Pulau Banyak. 4). The attitude of students during learning Al quran Hadith looks good, namely students have the enthusiasm to participate in learning activities in class, students look more enthusiastic in learning activities and communication that occurs during the learning process in class is effective, in connection the communication goes in two directions, namely from teacher to student and vice versa from students to teachers; 5). The activities of students who receive learning using the Teaching Module are more active in learning in the classroom and students who receive the Teaching Module are more active in improving students' understanding abilities, and students are also more daring to raise or ask questions to the teacher, and are more creative in solving the problems given, so that the understanding ability of MTs students. Private Tarbiyah Waladiyah Pulau Banyak can be increased through the application of the Teaching Module model.

MBNM: Multi-branch network based on memory features for long-tailed medical image recognition

Background and objectivesDeep learning algorithms show revolutionary potential in computer-aided diagnosis. These computer-aided diagnosis techniques often rely on large-scale, balanced standard datasets. However, there are many rare diseases in real clinical scenarios, which makes the medical datasets present a highly imbalanced long-tailed distribution, leading to the poor generalization ability of deep learning models. Currently, most algorithms to solve this problem involve more complex modules and loss functions. But for complicated tasks in the medical domain, usually suffer from issues such as increased inference time and unstable performance. Therefore, it is a great challenge to develop a computer-aided diagnosis algorithm for long-tailed medical data. MethodsWe proposed the Multi-Branch Network based on Memory Features (MBNM) for Long-Tailed Medical Image Recognition. MBNM includes three branches, where each branch focuses on a different learning task: 1) the regular learning branch learns the generalizable feature representations; 2) the tail learning branch gains extra intra-class diversity for the tail classes through the feature memory module and the improved reverse sampler to improve the classification performance of the tail classes; 3) the fusion balance branch integrates various decision-making advantages and introduces an adaptive loss function to re-balance the classification performance of easy and difficult samples. ResultsWe conducted experiments on the multi-disease Ophthalmic OCT datasets with imbalance factors of 98.48 and skin image datasets Skin-7 with imbalance factors of 58.3. The Accuracy, MCR, F1-Score, Precision, and AUC of our model were significantly improved over the strong baselines in the auxiliary diagnosis scenario where the clinical medical data is extremely imbalanced. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MBNM outperforms the state-of-the-art models on the publicly available natural image datasets (CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100). ConclusionsThe proposed algorithm can solve the problem of imbalanced data distribution with little added cost. In addition, the memory module does not act in the inference phase, thereby saving inference time. And it shows outstanding performance on medical images and natural images with a variety of imbalance factors.