Regular Hexagonal Prism Research Articles

Suppressing the P2–OP4 phase transition of single-crystal P2-type Ni/Zn/Mn-based layered oxide for advanced sodium-ion batteries

P2-type layered Na0.66Ni0.26Zn0.07Mn0.67O2 (NNZM) is expected to be a competitive alternative to lithium layered oxide due to its high-energy-density, low production cost, and high-speed Na+ ion transport channels. However, it is still necessary to further improve its air stability and cycle life to meet the needs of practical applications. Single crystals with micron-scale have smaller specific surface area and greater packing density, which can improve air stability and cycle life compared to the traditional polycrystalline. Herein, single-crystal Na0.66Ni0.26Zn0.07Mn0.67O2 (SC-NNZM) is prepared by using Na2MoO4 as the molten salt. Driven by molten salt Na2MoO4, regular hexagonal prism morphology SC-NNZM with a median diameter (D50) of 7.86 μm and the (001) plane-dominated structure is obtained, larger than that (5.05 μm) of single-crystal C-NNZM without Na2MoO4, implying that specific surface area of SC-NNZM is smaller than that of C-NNZM, thereby reducing the contact area of SC-NNZM with the electrolyte, which is good for suppressing both harmful interface side-reactions and phase transitions at high voltages. Therefore, SC-NNZM exhibits 95.44 % capacity retention at 100 mA g−1 after 100 cycles, higher than C-NNZM (86.09 %). Moreover, rate capability of SC-NNZM is also higher than that of C-NNZM. This study provides a new strategy for inducing crystal plane growth that is conducive to the structure stability of single-crystal layered oxide at high voltages.

Synthesis of Si3N4 powder with a controllable alpha/beta ratio by sol-gel assisted carbothermal reduction and nitridation

The controllable α/β ratio of Si3N4 powder was synthesized using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), glucose, MgCl2 and YCl3·6H2O by sol-gel assisted carbothermal reduction and nitridation (CRN). This study aimed to investigate the impact of various parameters, including a H2O/TEOS mol ratio of the sol, a C/Si mol ratio, sintering aids, and the temperature of CRN on the phase transformation of α-Si3N4. The results demonstrated that the H2O/TEOS ratio significantly influenced the relative content of α and β phase in Si3N4 by changing the morphological characteristics of SiO2. When the H2O/TEOS ratio was 100, β-Si3N4 powder with an approximate β content over 88 wt% was synthesized at 1500 °C. This remarkable phase transformation was likely facilitated by the eutectic liquid phase consisting of MgSiO3/Mg2SiO4. The SEM image revealed rod-like whiskers with a length around 1.4 μm for the β-Si3N4 grains. Due to the presence of liquid phase, the synthesis of spherical-like α-Si3N4 nano-powder with an α-phase content of 91 wt% was achieved at a lower temperature of 1450 °C, with an H2O/TEOS ratio of 15 and a C/Si ratio of 4. The size of the particles was about 70 nm due to the reduced reaction temperature. Furthermore, without the addition of any sintering aids or Si3N4 seeds, high purity α-Si3N4 with an α phase content approaching 96 wt% could be synthesized at 1500 °C, using an H2O/TEOS ratio of 15 and a C/Si ratio of 4. The resulting α-Si3N4 powder exhibited an extremely regular hexagonal prism shape with a length of approximately 2 μm.

Photon, A New Principle for Justification of Its Structure and Process of Motion

The work relates to the basics of quantum physics and photonics, in particular to the formation of photons in two states: as elementary particles and their electromagnetic radiation. The study of these problems is an urgent and important scientific task, which has not been fully resolved in terms of their structure and principle of action. In modern science, the photon is considered a fundamental elementary particle, which has neither its own structure nor dimensions, but only wave parameters. However, the denial of the material state of the photon contradicts the general conditions for the formation of the material world within the framework of the principles of dualism. Eliminating this shortcoming is the main goal of the work being performed. Its scientific novelty lies in the development of strict physical foundations for explaining the structure, parameters and process of photon motion. Working methods. The work was performed at the level of scientific discoveries for which reliable methods and techniques are not yet known, therefore, it used general methods and principles of scientific research, as well as the author’s method of accessing the initial level of the material world. Results of the work and their discussion. A new structure of the photon is substantiated, which includes not only its wave, but also a material particle. The substant particle of the photon is formed in the form of a regular hexagonal prism from 6 trihedral prisms, which are quarks, 3 of which are real quarks, and the empty space between them are virtual quarks. The transition of energy from real quarks to virtual ones, and then back, leads to virtual rotation of the photon, which ensures its stability, and the absence of losses in this process ensures the “eternity” of its life. A complete revolution of the quarks of the real part of the photon occurs in 6 quantum jumps, during which it moves translationally by the photon wavelength λ. When moving according to the proposed scheme, virtual sinusoids are formed, characteristic of the action of electromagnetic fields, which confirms the correctness of the proposed structure and scheme of photon movement. Conclusion The proposed structure and pattern of photon movement implements the principle of least action, which dominates in the material world. At the same time, there are no contradictions with the real laws of the material world, as well as the need for uncertain physical processes and energies for its implementation, which is the evidence base for the work.

Spherical Gravity Forwarding of Global Discrete Grid Cells by Isoparametric Transformation

For regional or even global geophysical problems, the curvature of the geophysical model cannot be approximated as a plane, and its curvature must be considered. Tesseroids can fit the curvature, but their shapes vary from almost rectangular at the equator to almost triangular at the poles, i.e., degradation phenomena. Unlike other spherical discrete grids (e.g., square, triangular, and rhombic grids) that can fit the curvature, the Discrete Global Grid System (DGGS) grid can not only fit the curvature but also effectively avoid degradation phenomena at the poles. In addition, since it has only edge-adjacent grids, DGGS grids have consistent adjacency and excellent angular resolution. Hence, DGGS grids are the best choice for discretizing the sphere into cells with an approximate shape and continuous scale. Compared with the tesseroid, which has no analytical solution but has a well-defined integral limit, the DGGS cell (prisms obtained from DGGS grids) has neither an analytical solution nor a fixed integral limit. Therefore, based on the isoparametric transformation, the non-regular DGGS cell in the system coordinate system is transformed into the regular hexagonal prism in the local coordinate system, and the DGGS-based forwarding algorithm of the gravitational field is realized in the spherical coordinate system. Different coordinate systems have differences in the integral kernels of gravity fields. In the current literature, the forward modeling research of polyhedrons (the DGGS cell, which is a polyhedral cell) is mostly concentrated in the Cartesian coordinate system. Therefore, the reliability of the DGGS-based forwarding algorithm is verified using the tetrahedron-based forwarding algorithm and the tesseroid-based forwarding algorithm with tiny tesseroids. From the numerical results, it can be concluded that if the distance from observations to sources is too small, the corresponding gravity field forwarding results may also have ambiguous values. Therefore, the minimum distance is not recommended for practical applications.

Research on the Type Synthesis of a Regular Hexagonal Prism Rubik’s Cube Mechanism

The Rubik’s Cube mechanism (RCM) is a kind of reconfigurable mechanism with multiple characteristics such as multiple configurations, variable topology, strong coupling, and reconfigurability. Crossover research on the RCM with mathematics, chemistry, cryptography, and other disciplines has led to important breakthroughs and progress. It is obvious that the invention and creation of a new RCM can provide important ideological inspiration and theoretical guidance for the accelerated iterative updating of Rubik’s Cube products and the expansion of their applications. This paper investigates the type synthesis method for a regular hexagonal prism (RHP) RCM (RHPRCM). Through analysis of the reconfigurable movement process of the RCM, two mechanism factors are abstracted, a type synthesis process for the RHPRCM is proposed, a symmetry layout method for the RCM’s revolute axis based on the RHP space polyhedron is proposed, and an analysis method for the intersection of the revolute pair contact surfaces (RPCSs) based on the adjacency matrix is proposed. Taking a revolute axis passing through the center of an RHP and having only one RPCS for each revolute axis as an example, an RHPRCM with different topological structures is synthesized. The relevant research in this paper can provide methodological guidance for the synthesis of other spatial RCMs.

Waste rice noodle-based CQDs/ZnO composite nanorod array on steel wire mesh: Preparation and photocatalytic capability

In order to develop cost-effective photocatalytic devices, a nanorod array-structured carbon quantum dot/zinc oxide (CQDs/ZnO) composite was synthesized on a steel wire mesh substrate using waste rice noodle (WRN) as the raw material. The incorporation of CQDs derived from WRN played a crucial role in controlling the morphology of the ZnO-based array. By optimizing the loading of CQDs, the CQDs/ZnO composite achieved a regular hexagonal prism nanorod array distribution and exhibited highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of various organic pollutants. For instance, in the case of methylene blue, the CQDs/ZnO composite demonstrated a remarkable degradation rate of 99.4% within 90 min, with a high degradation rate constant of 0.033 min−1. Moreover, the composite material could be recycled and reused for five photocatalytic cycles without a significant decrease in its degradation performance, surpassing the performance of the pure ZnO array. Furthermore, the resulting CQDs/ZnO composite array exhibited effective photocatalytic degradation for other organic dyes such as malachite green, methyl violet, basic fuchsin, and rhodamine B. Additionally, this composite material was successfully applied to real water purification, achieving a high mineralization efficiency of 48% and a low leaching rate of Zn of 1.2% in a river water sample after a 90-minute photocatalytic process. The introduction of CQDs derived from WRN into the ZnO array led to efficient electron-hole pair separation, enabling more photogenerated electrons to reduce O2 and more photogenerated holes to oxidize H2O. This resulted in enhanced radical generation and improved photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants, showcasing the superior performance of the CQDs/ZnO composite array.

Effects of 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid on the hydration and microstructure of fluorogypsum

Aiming at the issues of poor hydration activity, long setting time, and low early strength in industrial by-product fluorogypsum (FG), 1,2,3-propenyltricarboxylic acid (PA) was utilized to enhance its reactivity. The mechanism was investigated using modern analytical techniques such as XRD, 1H low-field NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy. The results indicate that the incorporation of PA can significantly augment the rate of FG hydration and enhance its hydration activity. The optimal concentration of PA was determined to be 0.008%. The FG paste exhibited a reduction in setting time by approximately 500 min compared to the control sample. Furthermore, the flexural and compressive strengths increased by 29.6% (reaching 3.5 MPa) and 40.2% (reaching 40.1 MPa), respectively, after a curing period of 28 d. Through the process of physical adsorption, PA facilitates the transformation from anhydrite (CaSO4-II) to dihydrate gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O). Subsequently, PA promotes the growth of dihydrate gypsum crystals along each crystal axis, resulting in the formation of regular hexagonal prisms. The prismatic crystals of dihydrate gypsum are arranged in a closely packed, layered structure that results in reduced pore and porosity content, and enhanced mechanical strength.

Perluasan Masalah Isoperimetrik pada Bangun Ruang

In this paper, several extensions of the isoperimetric problem in solid figures are explored, focusing on oblique and right prisms with rectangular, right-angled triangular, and regular hexagonal bases. The objective of this research is to find the prism with the largest volume while keeping the surface area constant. Through manipulations of algebra and simple trigonometry, evidence is obtained that a right prism provides a larger volume than an oblique prism if their surface areas are equal. By utilizing partial derivatives of a two-variable function and the Lagrange multiplier method, conditions for the side lengths are derived to obtain the prism with the maximum volume. The results show that a cube is the solution to the isoperimetric problem, meaning it has the largest volume among prisms with rectangular bases, while for the isoperimetric solution on prisms with right-angled triangular bases, the base of the prism must be an isosceles right-angled triangle. A regular hexagonal prism has a larger volume than prisms with rectangular and right-angled triangular bases if their surface areas are the same.

Single-Crystalline Li2Sn(IO3)6 Microwires: Combining Optical-Waveguiding and Frequency-Doubling Functions.

High-quality single-crystalline Li2Sn(IO3)6 microwires (MWs) have been successfully prepared by using a facile hydrothermal method. The as-synthesized Li2Sn(IO3)6 MWs exhibit regular hexagonal prism morphology, excellent surface smoothness, and remarkable diameter uniformity. The optical propagation loss has been determined to be as low as 0.026 dB μm-1 at 785 nm wavelength, implying the low-loss optical waveguiding capability of the Li2Sn(IO3)6 MWs. The effective frequency-doubling conversions of the fundamental frequency light source in the wavelength range from 916 to 1560 nm have been observed, and the second-harmonic generation (SHG) conversion efficiency has been measured to be 2.1% with a 1560 nm fundamental pump source (pulse duration of 10 ns, and average power of 9.06 nW) transmitted through a 1.32-μm-diameter and 300-μm-length Li2Sn(IO3)6 MW. These intriguing optical waveguiding and strong SHG conversion capabilities of the Li2Sn(IO3)6 MWs suggest its potential applications for photonic devices in micrometer scale.

Capability and convergence of linearized invariant-imbedding T-matrix and physical-geometric optics methods for light scattering.

The linearized invariant-imbedding T-matrix method (LIITM) and linearized physical-geometric optics method (LPGOM) were applied on regular hexagonal prisms from small to large sizes to obtain the scattering properties and their partial derivatives. T-matrices and their derivatives from the LIITM are presented and discussed in the expansion order, where the minor diagonal elements are dominant. The simulation results of single-scattering properties and their corresponding linearization from both methods are compared. The mutual agreements can be treated as further verification of both linearized methods. Using extinction efficiency as the criterion, the LPGOM are convergent at the LIITM for the particle size parameter larger than 130 with a relative difference of less than 1%, with errors of about 3% and 5% for particle sizes of 50 and 30, respectively. The capability and convergence of the LIITM and LPGOM are discussed in detail based on linearized properties.

Acetone Factor in the Design of Cu4-, Cu6-, and Cu9-Based Cage Coppersilsesquioxanes: Synthesis, Structural Features, and Catalytic Functionalization of Alkanes

The present study describes a new feature in the self-assembly of cagelike copperphenylsilsesquioxanes: the strong influence of acetone solvates on cage structure formation. By this simple approach, a series of novel tetra-, hexa-, or nonacoppersilsesquioxanes were isolated and characterized. In addition, several new complexes of Cu4 or Cu6 nuclearity bearing additional nitrogen-based ligands (ethylenediamine, 2,2'-bipyridine, phenanthroline, bathophenanthroline, or neocuproine) were produced. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies established molecular architectures of all of the synthesized products. Several coppersilsesquioxanes represent a novel feature of cagelike metallasilsesquioxane (CLMS) in terms of molecular topology. A Cu4-silsesquioxane complex with ethylenediamine (En) ligands was isolated via the unprecedented self-assembly of a partly condensed framework of silsesquioxane ligands, followed by the formation of a sandwich-like cage. Two prismatic Cu6 complexes represent the different conformers─regular and elliptical hexagonal prisms, "cylinders", determined by the different orientations of the coordinated acetone ligands ("shape-switch effect"). A heterometallic Cu4Na4-sandwich-like derivative represents the first example of a metallasilsesquioxane complex with diacetone alcohol ligands formed in situ due to acetone condensation reaction. As a selected example, the compound [(Ph6Si6O11)2Cu4En2]·(acetone)2 was explored in homogeneous oxidation catalysis. It catalyzes the oxidation of alkanes to alkyl hydroperoxides with hydrogen peroxide and the oxidation of alcohols to ketones with tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Radical species take part in the oxidation of alkanes. Besides, [(Ph6Si6O11)2Cu4En2]·(acetone)2 catalyzes the mild oxidative functionalization of gaseous alkanes (ethane, propane, n-butane, and i-butane). Two different model reactions were investigated: (1) the oxidation of gaseous alkanes with hydrogen peroxide to give a mixture of oxygenates (alcohols, ketones, or aldehydes) and (2) the carboxylation of Cn gaseous alkanes with carbon monoxide, water, and potassium peroxodisulfate to give Cn+1 carboxylic acids (main products), along with the corresponding Cn oxygenates. For these reactions, the effects of acid promoter, reaction time, and substrate scope were explored. As expected for free-radical-type reactions, the alkane reactivity follows the trend C2H6 < C3H8 < n-C4H10 < i-C4H10. The highest total product yields were observed in the carboxylation of i-butane (up to 61% based on i-C4H10). The product yields and catalyst turnover numbers (TONs) are remarkable, given an inertness of gaseous alkanes and very mild reaction conditions applied (low pressures, 50-60 °C temperatures).

Highly efficient synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite by one-step microwave using desilication solution of coal gasification coarse slag and its application to VOCs adsorption

The increased production of coal gasification coarse slag (CGCS) has placed a significant environmental load on the environment. In this research, one-step microwave synthesis employing coal gasification coarse slag desilication solution as the major source of Si and Na increased the nucleation and crystallization rate of ZSM-5 zeolite. The optimum synthesis conditions were 180 °C, 4 h, Na2O/SiO2 molar ratio of 0.2, and SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio of 200, which led to a relative crystallinity of ZSM-5 zeolite higher than 100 % and a specific surface area of 344.27 m2•g−1. The resulting high-purity ZSM-5 zeolite not only has high SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio, good specific surface area, and regular hexagonal prism structure, but also has high crystallinity, smooth crystal surface and great grain homogeneity because of the microwave process. Its static adsorption capacities toward p-xylene and butyl acetate were 106.84 and 115.47 mg•g−1, respectively, and the dynamic adsorption capacities were 81.44 and 176.14 mg•g−1, respectively. The preparation method of ZSM-5 zeolite with high efficiency and low cost proposed in this paper not only contributes to the high-value utilization of CGCS, but also provides an effective method and practical guidance for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

An improved core design of a 50 kWth heat pipe cooled micro Molten Salt Reactor (micro-MSR)

The micro-MSR is a small (50 kWth) fast molten salt reactor cooled by heat pipes, and has certain attractive features, such as liquid fuel without need of fuel assembly fabrication, inherent safety, strong environmental robustness and high reliability, which make it potentially be implemented in the applications in space, ocean and other off-grid remote areas. Several design aspects of the micro-MSR, including the heat pipe arrangement, fuel salt and reflector candidates, methods of reducing core mass and heat pipe dimension, are optimized in this work in order to achieve a compact and light-weighted core with a uniform power and heat distribution. Firstly, a new configuration of concentric annular heat pipes is employed to replace the regular hexagonal prism layout in the original design, and the power distribution is evaluated with regard to effectively reduce localized power hot spots. Under such an improved core configuration, some important physical parameters, including criticality and uranium loading, are compared for both fluoride-based and chloride-based fuel salts. The results indicate that the LiF-UF4 salt with the composition of 72-28 mol% is more favorable for the micro-MSR application owing to its relatively high density and low melting point. Afterwards, several reflector materials are analyzed and optimized to mitigate the power peaking caused by BeO reflector in the original design. It can be found that the MgO reflector can substantially reduce the power peaking near the active core edge and meanwhile provide an acceptable increment of core mass from 1330 kg to 1813 kg. Subsequently, three parameters concerning the optimization of the design of MgO-reflected micro-MSR, reflector thickness, active core height to diameter (H/D) ratio and thickness of alloy around the active core, are studied to lower the core mass. The results show that the core mass can diminish to an equivalent and even less level of about 1330 kg by simultaneously or solely enlarging the active core and H/D ratio, and decreasing the alloy thickness. Moreover, based on the above improved core configuration with MgO reflector, an evaluation of a larger number of thin heat pipes with a smaller inner diameter is carried out for enhancing the efficiency of heat transfer from fuel salt to heat pipes, and the result demonstrates that the new design of heat pipe is favorable for enhancing the thermal performance without deteriorating the neutronics characteristics. Eventually, the principal data for the improved micro-MSR core are summarized.

Linearization of light scattering properties based on the physical-geometric optics method.

The algorithm based on the physical-geometric optics method is developed to compute the linearization of single-scattering properties, such as extinction, absorption and scattering cross-sections, and the scattering phase matrix. The algorithm can be applied to any convex facet particles, where a new beam-splitting technique is employed. With the introduction of the winding number method, beams incident on multiple facets can be precisely divided into independent parts that are incident on single facets. The linearization algorithm is verified by the finite-difference method using the regular hexagonal prism. The sensitivities of single-scattering properties with respect to size, aspect ratio, and refractive index are discussed.

High-pressure synthesis, crystal structure, and physical properties of NaB13C2 single crystals

A new boron-rich boride carbide of sodium, NaB13C2 single crystals have been successfully synthesized from the elements under high temperature and high pressure. The crystals are reddish black with a metallic luster and show a regular hexagonal prism shape. NaB13C2 crystallizes into an orthorhombic LiB13C2-type structure with a space group of Imma (No. 74) and the lattice constants are a = 10.9417 Å, b = 5.6756 Å, c = 8.0898 Å. The crystal structure is characterized by a covalent framework of B12 icosahedra connected by CBC chains and Na atoms located in the void of the framework. The measured and calculated Raman spectra of NaB13C2 are in good agreement and show expected oscillations of the covalent framework. The electronic band structures reveal that NaB13C2 is a wide band gap semiconductor with a band gap of 3.36 eV. As a novel wide band gap semiconductor, NaB13C2 may have potential applications in semiconductor field.

Double Z-scheme system of α-SnWO4/UiO-66(NH2)/g-C3N4 ternary heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic performance for ibuprofen degradation and H2 evolution

In this work, we successfully prepared regular hexagonal prism porous structure g-C3N4 (CN), and designed α-SnWO4 and UiO-66(NH2) on porous CN for constructing novel ternary α-SnWO4/UiO-66(NH2)/g-C3N4 (α-SW/UNCN) hybrid photocatalyst by solvothermal approach. The α-SW75/UNCN composite showed better photocatalytic performance, and the removal rate of Ibuprofen (IPF) reached 95.5% within 2 h and the H2 evolution efficiency reached 2105μmolg−1h−1 under simulated sunlight, which were 2.5 times and 21 times higher than those of α-SW (42.5% and 105μmolg−1h−1). The TOC removal efficiency of IPF can reach to 29%, showing higher mineralization ability compared with α-SW. In addition, the trapping experiment and ESR experiment proved that •O2- and •OH radicals played most important part in the photodegradation of IPF pollutants. The improved photocatalytic performance of α-SW/UNCN was owing to the construction of n-p-n type double Z-scheme heterojunction which enhanced carries separation. This work will provide a method for preparing novel and efficiency ternary composite catalyst for antibiotic contaminant degradation and H2 production.

Evaluating and Comparing the Natural Cell Structure and Dimensions of Honey Bee Comb Cells of Chinese Bee, Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Italian Bee, Apis mellifera ligustica (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

The hexagonal structure of the honey bee comb cell has been the source of many studies attempting to understand its structure and function. In the storage area of the comb, only honey is stored and no brood is reared. We predicted that honey bees may construct different hexagonal cells for brood rearing and honey storage. We used quantitative analyses to evaluate the structure and function of the natural comb cell in the Chinese bee, Apis cerana cerana and the Italian bee, A. mellifera ligustica. We made cell molds using a crystal glue solution and measured the structure and inclination of cells. We found that the comb cells of A. c. cerana had both upward-sloping and downward-sloping cells; while the A. m. ligustica cells all tilted upwards. Interestingly, the cells did not conform to the regular hexagonal prism structure and showed irregular diameter sizes. In both species, comb cells also were differentiated into worker, drone and honey cells, differing in their diameter and depth. This study revealed unique differences in the structure and function of comb cells and showed that honey bees design their cells with precise engineering to increase storage capacity, and to create adequate growing room for their brood.

Multilayer regular hexagonal prism barium ferrite nanodot arrays on a substrate based on an AAO mask

Herein, the multilayer regular hexagonal barium ferrite nanodot arrays have been prepared by pulsed laser deposition through a porous anodic alumina template. The BaM nanodot arrays displayed a c-axis oriented crystal with a multilayer regular hexagonal structure, and the degree of orientation was improved by the post-annealing. Furthermore, the hysteresis loops showed the annealed nanodot arrays have a high squareness ratio of 0.65 along the easy magnetization direction. The first-order reversal curve diagram confirmed that the nanodots have a small interactive field between the particles. Consequently, this effective approach is potentially applied in self-biased microwave devices.

Tilings by hexagonal prisms and embeddings into primitive cubic networks.

All possible combinatorial embeddings into primitive cubic networks of arbitrary tilings of 3D space by pairwise congruent and parallel regular hexagonal prisms are discussed and classified.

Three-dimensional force measurements applied by infant during nipple sucking.

The objective of this study was to elucidate the dynamic mechanism of infant tongue movement during sucking. We developed an integrated device with sensors for three-dimensional force measurements applied by the tongue to an artificial nipple. Three mini-size built-in cantilever sensors were installed in each of three sides of the regular hexagonal prism (nine sensors in total) inside the artificial nipple. Signals from the force sensors were amplified and displayed on a PC monitor via USB in real time. We conducted measurements using the system and confirmed that signals were outputted from all nine sensors. The output waveforms and force distributions showed that the force applied was larger at the nipple tip than at the nipple root and moved from the nipple root to the nipple tip.